Vai trò của người việt trong phát triển ở miền núi (trường hợp xã quý sơn, huyện lục ngạn, tỉnh bắc giang

Tgp chi Ddn tdc hgc sol - 2011 67 r VAI TRO CUA NGlTcn VIET T J LIEU TRONG PHAT T R I E N d MIEN NUI (Trwcfng hffpxa Quy Sffn, huyen Luc Ngan, tinh B&c Giang) DAN TOC HOC V ' J Hgudi Viet d cac vung mien nui gdm nhilu bd phan cu dan khae nhau, djnh cu tai vung dat vao nhQng thdi gian khae va vi nhQng muc dich khae Nhin tdng the, d phan ldn cac dia phuong thuge cac tinh mien nui, ngudi Viet la nhdm cu dan thieu sd; song vdi tu each la tgc ngudi da s6, tdc ngudi chu the, hg - dQ thuge phan kinh te - xa hdi nao - vin CO vai tro rat quan trgng ddi vdi sir phat triln mgi mat d nhQng nai hg cdng cu vdi cac tgc ngu'di thieu sd (TNTS) TATHIIAM van minh Viec nghien cQu tao co sd khoa hgc de lam rd mdt sd luan diem, dac biet la dau tranh ehong nhQng luan diem sai trai danh gia ve vai trd cua ngudi Viet cac mat ddi sdng, ve quan he vdi cac TNTS d vung mien nui biy lau vin dl ngudi Viet d mien nui da dugc mgt sl nha nghien cuu ban den, nhu Nguyin Dinh Loc (1991) dl cap tdi nhung anh hudng cua di chuyin dan cu tQ mien xudi len miln nui dii vdi mii quan he dan tgc d Nghe TTnh; Hoang Huu Binh (1993) ban tdi Nghien cuu vai trd ngudi Viet d mien CO ciu dan tgc cua dan cu cac thj tran d mien nui nham lam sang td vai trd ciia tpc ngicdi nui phia Bic; Ta Long, Ng6 Thj Chinh ndy, mdi quan he giita hg vdi cdc nhdm (2000) dl cap tdi sir thfeh ung cua ngudi TNTS sd tgi thdng qua viec tilp thu, anh Viet vdi nln ndng nghiep rudng nudc d miln huong cac yeu to van hda cua nhau, tQ nui; Bui Xuan Dfnh (2009) dl cap tdi vai trd thay dugc mgt dang net van hda Viet: cua ngudi Viet viec phat trien d6 thi d tinh thfeh nghi va lan tda anh huong cua tdc miln nui va su thfeh nghi cua ngudi Viet vdi nong nghiep d mien nui • ngudi trude mdi trudng sing mdi Nghien ciiu ngudi Viet d mien nui tao co sd Bai vilt tim hilu vai trd cua ngudi khoa hgc cho viec hoach djnh*cac chfnh Viet phat triln kinh tl - xa hgi d mgt sach, cac giai phap giup ngudi Viet cung cac xa miln nui: xa Quy Son - mgt 25 don TNTS d tQng dja ban ciing cl khii dai doan vj hanh chfnh cua huyen Luc Ngan, tinh Bac kit, phat huy cac tilm nang, the manh, Giang Hien nay, xa co TNTS (Hoa, San nhQng dQc tfnh va truyin thing tit dep cua Diu, Tay, Nung, San Chay - nhom San Chi), minh dl xay dung que huong giau dep va chiim 47,88% dan sl toan xa, sinh sing tai 68 Ta Thi Tdm 27 thdn ban Trudc day, ddng bao song phan tan d ven cac dai nui, canh rung gan ngudn nudc hoac cac sudi nhd Ngudi Viet d xa Quy Son hien chiem 52,12%, phan ldn la ndng dan cac tmh vung ddng bang chiem trung chuyen len tQ nhung nam 60 cua the ky XX theo chu truong "Van dpng ddng bdo mien xudi di xdy dung vd phdt trien kinh te - vdn hda mien nui" cua Chfnh phu Qua gan 50 nam lap cu tai que mdi, cac nhdm cu dan Viet da cd nhieu ddng gop vdi sir phat trien kinh te, van hoa, xa hgi cua vung dat cac hi, dap dl du tru nudc dugc xay dung tren tinh thin doan kit cua cdng ddng cac tgc ngudi d xa Quy Son Sau mdt thdi gian ngin, ca xa da xay dung dugc 40 hi dap ldn nhd tai 27 thdn, xdm Ldn nhit la cac ho lang Thum vdi dien tfch 18 tai hai thon Thum Mdi va Thum Cu, dap thdn Tu Mgt cd dien tfch 15 trQ nudc tudi ca canh dong va dien tfch ddi bai cua th6n NhQng canh ddng mdi hinh thanh, chu dgng dugc ngudn nude tudi tieu ket hgp vdi cac bien phap khoa hge ky thuat da gdp phan to ldn vao viec tang nhanh san lugng luang thuc Vua hgc tap kinh nghiem canh tac cua cac TNTS, vua van dung each lam rugng d 1.1 Khai hoang, ldm thiiy lai, m&rpng mien xudi nen nang suat lua va hoa mau cua dien tich Ida nu&c, on dinh luang thuc ngudi Viet sau mgt thdi gian ngan da bang TQ moi trudng ddng bang len, ngudi va cao hon so vdi cac TNTS Viet xa Quy Son phai khic phue khd khan Phuong phap canh tac rudng nudc ve mgi mat de dn djnh cugc sdng Kho khan cua ngudi Viet da Iam thay ddi tap quan Idn nhat la phai thay doi tap quan canh tac: canh tac truyen thdng cua cac TNTS Theo tu lam rudng d vung chiem trung sang lam nuong tren dit ddi hoang hda, co dai um 6ng Vi Van Thanh, ngudi San Diu d thon tum Do khdng quen lam nuong nen nang Sd Ba, trude day ngudi Tay va cac tgc khae suit cac loai cay tring cua ngudi Viet rit xa khdng dung phan bon san thap, din den thieu doi He qua la mdt sd hg xuit; gia sue (lgn, trau, bd) thudng tha bo ve que cu; so cdn lai phai ve que vay ciia rdng; dat dai canh tac thudng chi lam mgt anh em, hg hang hoac nhd sir hd trg cua cac vu rdi bd hda Sau ngudi Viet len, ding TNTS sdtai bao, trudc hit la d nhung thdn xen ghep, da lam theo ngudi Viet Theo dng Trin Van Sau dn djnh budc dau cugc sing, Ban, ngudi San Diu (Phd chu tjch UBND ngudi Viet bit tay vao khai pha dit dii xa), phin ldn cae hd ngudi Viet d miln hoang hoa dit vudn va dac biet la nhung dai dat thap du'di cac dai ddi, ven xudi len djnh cu tai xa da thi hien tinh thin dudng giao thdng nhung xa ngudn nudc, dam nghT, dam lam, cin cu, chju khd, phat tao cac canh ding ciy lua Dl chu ddng huy ban tfnh cua cu dan ndng nghiep rugng tudi tieu, ngudi Viet di diu va van ddng cac nudc d miln xudi (nhu thuc khuya, day TNTS dao hd chua nude, tao muong mang sdm ) vugt qua khd khan dl xay dung va din nudc ve rudng d6ng Tai cac th6n: Nhat phat triln kinh tl NhQng due tinh tdt dep Thanh, Thugng Vu, Lai Hda, Ddng Giao cua ngudi Viet da tac ddng ldn tdi cae L Thiic day nen nong nghiep mien nui Tgp chi Ddn tgc hgc sd - 2011 TNTS, Iam thay ddi ca ban bd mat kinh tl chung cua xa Theo Idi dng Vi Van Thin, dan tgc Tay, d thdn Tu Hai "ngudi Viet chju khd, nang ddng, dam nghT dam Iam, tQ thilu luong thuc tdi chd dam bao du va du thQa luong thuc vuon Ien phat triln kinh tl" 1.2 Phdt trien kinh te vu&n doi vd trang trai Djnh cu d mien nui, dat dai rgng, eo nhieu tiem nang phat trien kinh te vudn ddi, nhQng ngudi Viet que gdc d huyen Kim Thanh, Chf Linh (tinh Hai Duang) da dua cay vai thieu tQ que cu len tr6ng, nhu la mgt vat de nhd ve que cu la chfnh, chQ chua tfnh toan den gia trj kinh te, vi chua biet cay CO hgp vdi chat dat hay khdng Thdi gian dau, cay vai dugc trong vudn nha, de an qua va lay bdng mat Sau mgt thdi gian ngan, cay vai thieu thich Qng va mang lai gia trj kinh te Idn Vao cu6i nam 80 dau nam 90 cua thi ky XX, kg vai thilu tuong ung vdi kg th6c, vao dau vu hoac cudi vu len den 10 kg Nhan thay gia trj tQ cay vai thieu mang lai, ngudi Viet d tinh Hai Duong vQa ve que cu mua gidng, vua chiet canh nhan gidng Tu ngudi Viet gdc Hai Duong, viec trdng vai lan sang cac nh6m Viet d cac tinh khae, sang ca cac TNTS Sau mgt thdi gian ngin, dien tfch cay vai thieu tang len nhanh chdng, thu hep dan dien tich cac loai hoa mau Trong qua trinh xae lap gia trj cua cay vai thieu, ngudi Viet kh6ng chi c6 cdng viec nhan giong ma cdn tan tinh phd bien kien thuc, kinh nghiem trdng va cham s6c vai tdi cac TNTS tren dia ban xa 69 C6 the ke nhung tam guong tieu bieu la hg ngudi Viet lam kinh te d xa: Hd dng Nguyin Van Len, th6n Thugng Vu (que gle d huyen Kinh Thanh, tinh Hai Duong) cd vdi 400 gdc vai thieu tQ 12 den 15 nam tuli, mdi nam thu hoach tQ 30 den 40 tan vai tuoi, ben canh d6, canh tac them rudng cay lua va hoa mau Thu nhap trung binh moi nam tQ ndng nghiep cua hd dugc tQ 180 din 200 trieu ddng Ngoai viec tap trung phat trien kinh te, gia dinh cdn giup v6n, gi6ng cay trdng va kinh nghiem san xuat tdi cac TNTS thdn va cac th6n lan can TQ viec lam kinh te vudn d6i vdi cac loai cay an qua, dd vai thieu la cay chu luc, da xuat hien nhieu trang trai Hien nay, tren dja ban xa cd 23 trang trai cd quy md tu den 10 ha, so d6 c6 19 trang trai cua ngudi Viet Trang trai cua ngudi Viet ldn han ve quy md va mQc dau tu so vdi cua cac TNTS Trang trai vai thieu xen canh nhieu loai cay khae cua hg ong Nguyen Hai Cuong (thon Lai Hoa), mdi nam thu nhap khoang 170 trieu den 250 trieu d6ng Trang trai cua hg ong Bui Huy Hanh (cung th6n) thu 200 trieu/nam tu vudn vai thieu ket hgp vdi chan nu6i lgn nai Trang trai cua hg Nguyen Thj Thu va Pham Dinh Hung (thdn Tu Mgt) n6i len nhu mdt diem sang chuyen djeh co cau gidng cay vat nudi vdi viec phat trien kinh te vudn doi ket hgp nudi nhim xuat khau Tu 10 ddi nhim gi6ng, den da cd 60 ddi; thu nhap tQ nudi nhim dat 200 trieu ddng/nam, thu nhap tu vudn ddi duac 80 trieu den 120 trieu/nam 70 Ta Thi Tdm Bang Ca cau cac loai cay tring d xa Quy Son nam 2000 va nam 2008 So sanh 2008/2000 Loai cay trdng 2000 (ha) 2008 (ha) Lua ca nam 8.860 8.420 -440 95,03 Hoa mau, luong thuc 9.600 1.572 -8.028 16,37 Cay cdng nghiep ngan 3.019 444 -2.575 14,71 Cay an qua 92 13.730 13.638 14,93 Trong do: Vai thilu 42 11.235 11.193 26,75 Ty le tang giam (%) Tang/giam (ha) Nguon: Uy ban nhan dan xa Quy San, nam 2009 Bang Sd trang trai theo quy md dien tfch cua xa Quy Son (nam 2008) TT Chi sd T6ng sd Trong cua ngudi Viet Sd trang trgi: 23 19 - Dudi 18 16 - TQ den dudi - TQ den 1' -d - TQ den dudi 10 i - TQ 10 trd ien 2 Sd trang trgi co thue mu&n lao dpng I : • Tdng thu nhdp cdc trang trgi (2009 - u&c tinh) 2,5 ty ddng Binh qudn ihu nhdp tic trang trgi/ndm 3,2 ty ddng •• , Ngudn: Uy ban Nhan dan xa Quy Son, nam 2009 1 Tgp chi Ddn tgc hgc sd - 2011 Hien nay, Quy Son la xa cd san lugng vai thilu ldn nhit huyen Luc Ngan Kinh te vudn dii trang trai phat triln da tao dieu kien cho ngudi ndng dan lam quen vdi kinh tl thj trudng, dua nhanh tiln bg khoa hge ky thuat vao san xuat, tao ca hdi de cac tdc ngudi tren dja ban xa giao Iuu, trao dii kinh nghiem san xuat Vai tro cua ngudi Viet vol su on djnh chinh trj - xa hoi d xa Quy So-n Vai trd cua ngudi Viet viee 6n djnh va phat trien kinh te cd anh huong va tac dgng ldn tdi den quan he giQa hg vdi cac TNTS Day chinh la nhan to quan trgng de ngudi Viet tham gia vao he thdng chfnh trj d dja phuong Nhieu ngudi Viet da va dang dam nhan nhung chuc vu quan trgng cap uy, chinh quyen, cac ban nganh doan the tQ xi xudng thdn, ban 2.1 He thong chinh tri dxa Quy Sffn hien He thdng chfnh trj d xa Quy Son duge xay dimg theo md hinh he thdng chfnh trj cua Nha nudc Viet Nam bao g6m: td chQc Dang vdi Dang uy xa va Chfnh quyen, doan the g6m Hgi Dong nhan dan, Uy ban Nhan dan, Uy ban Mat tran To qu6c xa va cac doan the vien Nam 2009, Dang uy xa Quy Son gdm 15 dang vien, dd c6 10 ngudi Viet chiem 66,7%, ed ngudi giQ chuc Pho Bf thu Dang uy (ba Tran Thj Hoa) Hgi d6ng Nhan dan xa cd 35 dai bieu, d6 c6 22 ngudiViet, chiem 62,9%, cd ngudi giQ chQc Phd Chu tjeh Hgi ddng Nhan dan xa (dng Ngd Trgng Ld) Uy ban Nhan dan xa co 21 bien chi, cd 13 ngudi Viet, ehilm 61,9%, cd ngudi giQ chQc Phd Chu tjch Uy ban Nhan 71 dan (dng Le Thanh Ding) Trong Uy ban Nhan dan, ngudi Viet ehilm phin ldn chQc danh chuyen mdn nhu: Kl toan trudng (6ng Vu Thilt Hung); Trudng phdng Dia chinh (dng Trin Van Phai); Trudng ban Van hoa thdng tin (dng Nguyen Nggc Tu); Trudng ban Tu phap (dng Do Trgng Thuc); Chi huy tru'dng Quan sir (dng Ngd Trgng Toan); Tram tru'dng Tram Y tl xa (dng Nguyen Xuan Ma); Phu trach Thuong binh - xa hdi (ba Nguyin Thj Van) Thudng true Uy ban Mat tran Tl quIc xa cd dai bieu: cd ngudi Viet, chiem 66,7%, vdi Chu tjch Uy ban la 6ng Vu Van Dung Ban Chap hanh Doan Thanh nien xa cd dai bieu: cd ngudi Viet, chiem 71,4%, vdi Phd Bi thu Doan xa la anh Pham Van Sang Ban Chap hanh Hgi Cuu chiln binh cd ngudi: cd ngudi Viet, chiem 57,1%, vdi Phd Chu tjch la dng Pham Van Ke Ban Chip hanh Hgi Phu nQ c6 ngudi: cd ngudi Viet, chiem 57,1%, vdi Pho Chu tjch la ba Pham Thj Dugm Ban Chap hanh Hdi Ndng dan ed ngudi: cd ngudi Viet, ehilm 71,4%, vdi Chu tjch Hgi la dng Nguyin Van Tiep Xa Quy Son c6 dan tgc Song ve nguyen tac, de dam bao ca cau tgc ngudi he thdng chfnh trj, thudng phai can cQ vao dan so va vai trd cua tQng tdc ngudi, vao nang luc lanh dao va pham chat cua dgi ngu can bd Ci xa Quy Son, San Diu la tdc ngudi c6 dan so ddng nhat (5.212 ngudi, chiem 32,40% dan sd toan xa), cd mat sdm nhat, gan b6 lau ddi vdi qua trinh hinh va phat trien d xa Quy San tren cac phuang dien: ehfnh tri, kinh te, van hda - xa hdi Do 72 do, ddi ngu can bd chu chit xa trudc day phin ldn la ngudi San Diu Chuyen cu len dja ban mdi, luc diu ngudi Viet cd dan sl it hon so vdi cac tgc ngudi sd tai Nhung sau mdt thdi gian thfeh nghi, thfeh ung, quy md dan sd ngudi Viet jihanh chdng tang len Mdt bg phan nhd ngudi Viet tham gia vao he thong chfnh trj d xa Phan ldn hg da timg la can bg d que cu Theo dng Vi Van Thanh, dan tde San Diu, nguyen Bf thu Dang uy xa Quy Son, lop ngudi Viet tQ mien xu6i len khai hoang va lap nghiep d mien nui, co nhieu can bg d mien xudi cung len cung dong bao Vi nhieu ly (chuyen cu cung dai gia dinh, hoan canh khd khan, khdng c6 dat san xuit, hoac lam guong cho cong d6ng ), sau len Quy Son, hg tfch cue tham gia vao he thong chfnh trj, khdng chi the hien nang lire lanh dao ma cdn g6p phan cung co va giup dd dgi ngQ can bg sd tai, c6 trinh chuyen mon va nang lire xQ ly c6ng viec han chi hon can bg ngudi Viet Dudi day la mgt sl vf du minh chung cho nhan dinh cua dng: Ong Vu Van Dung la Bi thu xa Doan xa Tuan Hung (huyen Kim Thanh, tinh Hai Duong), la ngudi dau tien len Quy Son tiln tram de dua ba d que len lap nghiep Sau dd ong trd ve que van dgng va dua ba len sinh sdng Ong tiep tuc tham gia cdng tac doan, sau chuyen sang c6ng tac tai chfnh (dng la mgt nhung ngudi lam kl hoach va tai chfnh xa dugc huyen Luc Ngan danh gia la tot nhat tu trudc tdi nay), sau d6 lam Pho Chu tjch xa phu trach kinh tl, rdi chuyen sang lam Chu tjch Uy ban Mat tran Td quoc xa Ong Nguyen Van Len (que goc xa Thugng Vu, huyen Kim Thanh), vdn la Chu Ta Thi Tdm nhiem Hgp tae xa Thugng Vu Len din Quy Son, dng van ddng ba khai hoang, md rdng dien tfch dit canh tac, lam thuy lgi, phat triln kinh tl So vdi cac tdc ngudi sd tai, dng la ngudi manh dan di diu phong trao phat triln kinh tl, dugc ba thdn tfn nhiem va biu giQ chuc Trudng thdn nhilu nam Sau do, ong chuyen sang lam Chu nhiem Hgp tae xa, roi gay dung va phu trach Hdi ngudi Cao tu6i xa - nam 2009, ong giQ chQc Chu tjch Hgi Thdi gian trudc day so vdi cac TNTS, ngudi Viet cd dan sd ft, len day chu yeu xay dung va phat trien kinh te Trong thdi gian ngan, ngudi Viet nhanh chdng toa sang vai tro cua minh ITnh vuc kinh te, la nhung tam guong dien hinh phat trien kinh te Hg dugc cac tgc ngudi sd tai tfn nhiem tu cap thdn, xdm Chfnh tQ sir tfn nhiem d6, ngudi Viet c6 mat cang ddng bg may chinh quyen d thdn, x6m den cap xa Dgi ngu can bg ngudi Viet d xa khdng chi cd nang lire va kha nang giai quyet cdng viec t6t, hg dn djnh, vung chac ve kinh te gia dinh Day chinh la nhan td quan trgng de can bd ngudi Viet yen tam va het long phan dau cdng tac tai dja phuang 2.2 Dpi ngU cdn bp thon, xdm Hien nay, xa Quy Son c6 27 th6n, x6m Trudc day chua cd ngudi Viet tdi, cac TNTS d xa sinh sdng tai th6n, xom (Tu Hai, Sd Tu, Sl Ba, Bic Hai, Bai Che, Thum Cu, Hai Cu, Phi Ll) Ngudi Viet chuyen cu len sdng tai thdn (Lai Hoa, Phue Thanh, Thugng Vu, Quy Thjnh, Tan Thanh, Bai Thum, Cau Cao, Tam Ting), 11 thdn, xdm cdn lai la dia ban xen ghep cua ngudi Viet va cac TNTS sd tai Ngudi Viet co mgt vj trf tfch cue dgi ngu can bg thon, x6m (xem Bang 3) 73 Tgp chi Ddn tdc hgc sd -2011 Bang Thanh phin dan tgc cua 27 thdn, xdm d xa Quy Son (nam 2009) TT Thon, xdm Dac dilm thon (thuin Viet - hon cu - TNTS ) Thanh phan dan tgc cua Trudng thon Thanh phan dan tgc cua Bi thu Chi bg thon TuHai TNTS San Diu Tay SITU TNTS San Diu San Diu SiBa TNTS San Diu San Diu Bac Hai TNTS San Diu Hoa Bai Che TNTS San Diu Hoa Thum Cu TNTS San Diu San Diu HaiCu TNTS San Diu San Diu PhiLl TNTS Tay San Diu Lai Hoa Thuan Viet Viet Viet 10 Phue Thanh Thuan Viet Viet Viet 11 Thugng Vu Thuan Viet Viet Viet 12 Quy Thjnh •Thuan Viet Viet Viet 13 Tan Thanh Thuan Viet Viet Viet 14 Thuan Viet Viet Viet 15 Cau Cao Thuan Viet Viet Viet 16 Tam Tang Thuan Viet Viet Viet 17 TuMgt Hdn hgp Viet San Diu 18 Trai Ba Hon hgp Viet Hoa 19 Dong Giao H6n hgp Hoa Viet 20 Doan Ket H6n hgp Viet San Diu 21 Nhit Thanh H6n hgp Viet Tay 22 Gianh Cu H6n hgp Viet Hoa 23 Gianh Mdi Hdn hgp San Diu Viet 24 Bic Mgt Hdn hgp Viet San Diu 25 Thum Mdi H6n hgp Viet Hoa 26 Trai Chay Hon hgp San Diu Hoa 27 Hai Mdi Hon hgp Viet San Diu Bai Thum Ngudn: Tai lieu dieu tra tai xa Quy San nam 2009 74 Ngoai ra, ngudi Viet tfch cue tham gia vao cong tac Mat tran va cac doan the tai thon Theo dng Vi Van Thin, dan tgc Tay, thon Tu Mgt, ngudi Viet kh6ng chi tfch cue phat trien kinh te ma cdn cd nhung dong g6p quan trgng viec xay dung va cung CO cac doan the d thdn Hg rat nhanh nhen, quyet doan va sdi noi viec thay dii mo hinh kinh te va tuyen truyen chu truong chfnh sach cua Dang va Nha nudc tdi nhan dan So vdi can bd thdi ky trudc, can bg ngudi Viet nhanh nhay hon vi hg co dau dc phat trien kinh te, lai cd dieu kien "va cham" nhieu hon Nhtrng thon thuan Viet so vdi cac th6n egng cu hoac thon cua cac tdc ngudi sd tai c6 su khae biet ro net phat trien kinh te, cong tac quy hoach, bd trf, to chQc lang x6m, cac phong trao chung, viec van dung va hudng Qng chu truong cua Dang c6 sir khae ro ret Dudi day la hai vf du dien hinh: mgt thon thuan Viet va mgt thdn egng cu Viet cac TNTS Thon Lai Hda chu yeu co ngudi Viet que goc d huyen Phu Cu, tinh Hung Yen chuyen cu len nam 1963, vdi 114 hg, hoat dgng kinh te vudn doi la chfnh So vdi nhieu thdn, xdm xa, ngudi dan Lai Hda chiu khd hon, can man hon NhQng nong nhan, nien nam nu thon lai di Iam them d huyen hoac di budn ban d xa, lang xdm vang ngudi chi cac cu gia va tre em dang d tuoi di hgc, den mua hg lai trd ve Dudng sa thon di lai thuan tien, hau het cac ngo vao thon deu dugc d6 be tong hoac rai da Cong lang van hda Lai Hoa simg sung, cd kfnh gi6ng nhu lang que Ta Thi Tdm d mien xudi Theo dng Trin Quang Quyen, Trudng th6n, thdn 70% sd hd cd kinh tl kha, 15% sd hd giau, 15% so hg trung binh Trudng thdn, Bf thu Chi bd va cac trudng ban nganh doan thi thdn doan ket, guong mau va ddng ldng tuyen truyen, chap hanh chu truang cua Dang va Nha nude Trong cude van ddng xay dung gia dinh van hda, Lai Hda la th6n di dau cua xa Quy Son Thdn giu vung danh hieu Lang van hda cap huyen tu nam 1993, Lang van h6a cap tinh tQ 1996 den Ddng Giao cung la thdn egng eu cua ngudi Viet va cac TNTS Theo dng Hy Van Sang, Trudng thdn, dan tdc Hoa cho biet, trudc day chua cd ngudi Viet tdi sinh song, bo trf lang xdm kh6ng theo quy hoach Ngudi Viet len mgt thdi gian da thay d6i lai Nhieu ngudi tfch cue tham gia cong tac d thon, dugc tfn nhiem de cu giQ nhieu cuong vj quan trgng nhu ba Pham Thj Dugm, nguyen Bf thu Chi bg thdn, la Phd Chu tjch Hgi Phu nu xa So vdi th6n thuin Viet, thon D6ng Giao gap mgt so khd khan tiong viec chap hanh chu truang chinh sach cua Dang va Nha nudc Trong thdn co mgt sl trudng hgp sinh thu ba (cua cac TNTS) nen anh hudng tdi phong trao thi dua xay dung nep sdng mdi va phong trao giQ -vung danh hieu lang van hda cap tinh Ong Vu Van Dung, can bd xa Quy San cho biet: vai trd cua can bd d cac thdn cua cac tgc TNTS khong ndi trdi bing dgi ngu can bg ngudi Viet d cac thdn thuin Viet Tai cac th6n, xdm egng cu vdi ngudi Viet (8 th6n), ddi song cua ba dan tdc thilu so khdng khae ngudi Viet 75 Tgp chi Ddn tgc hgc sd - 2011 NhQng thdn ngudi Viet sdng xen ghep vdi cac TNTS, ngudi Viet khing djnh dugc vai tro ciia minh cac doan the Hg thudng dam nhiem cac chuc vu chu ch6t va CO uy tfn d6i vdi cac TNTS Ddi ngu can bd ngudi Viet he thing chinh trj cap xa la ket qua cua qua trinh dao tao, tuyen chgn, dua tren su tfn nhiem cua nhan dan Day la dieu kien de cac tgc ngudi tham gia yao he th6ng chinh tri, de dgi ngu can bg cang dugc nang cao chit lugng, dap ung nhiem vu phat trien kinh te, cung cd va dap Qng yeu eau cua he thing chfnh trj d dja phuang giai doan day manh phat trien kinh te vudn ddi, kinh te trang trai, dong thdi, day cung la qua trinh chgn Igc va de bat cac vj tri quan trgng bg may chfnh quyen thdi gian tdi Ket luan Qua trinh tu cu cua ngudi Viet d xa Quy Son da c6 nhung tac dgng tfch cue tdi ddi song kinh te - xa hgi cua cac tgc ngudi sd tai Ngudi Viet da thich nghi vdi nen nong nghiep d mien nui, cai tien va sang tao phuong phap canh tac mdi tao nen nang suit cao ndng nghiep Hg cung la ngudi di dau viec u'ng dung bien phap khoa hgc ky thuat canh tac va chuyin ddi ca cau cay tr6ng canh tac n6ng nghiep Ben canh do, ngudi Viet giu vai tro quan trgng he thong chinh quyin d dja phuang Cung vdi cac tgc ngudi sd tai, ngudi Viet da phat huy dugc nhQng mat manh he th6ng chfnh trj d xa Quy Son Tai lieu tham khao Hoang HQu Binh (1993), "Ca ciu dan tgc ciia dan cu cac thj tran d mien mii phfa Bac", Tgp chi Ddn tpc hgc, S6 4, tr 45-55 Bui Xuan Dinh (2009), "Tfnh thich ung cua ngudi Viet vdi n6ng nghiep vung D6ng Bac", Tgp chi Dan tpc hgc, s l 5, tr 20-27 Ta Long, Ngo Thj Chfnh (2000), Su bien ddi nen ndng nghiep chdu thd Thdi Binh d vitng Dien Bien Lai Chdu, Nxb Khoa hgc xa hgi Ha Ngi Nguyen Dinh Loc (1991), "Anh hudng cua viec di chuyen dan cu tu mien xuoi len mien nui vdi quan he dan tgc d Nghe TTnh", Tgp chi Ddn tpc hgc, Sd 2, tr 44-48 UBND xa Quy San (2009), Bdo cdo tham ludn tgi Dgi hpi cdc ddn tpc thieu sd huyen Luc Nggn ldn thie nhdt ndm 2009 Mgt goc vudn rau ciia ngudi Viet (Kinh) (huyen Hoang H6a, tinh Thanh Hoa) ... cay vai thieu tQ que cu len tr6ng, nhu la mgt vat de nhd ve que cu la chfnh, chQ chua tfnh toan den gia trj kinh te, vi chua biet cay CO hgp vdi chat dat hay khdng Thdi gian dau, cay vai dugc trong. .. TNTS Sau mgt thdi gian ngin, dien tfch cay vai thieu tang len nhanh chdng, thu hep dan dien tich cac loai hoa mau Trong qua trinh xae lap gia trj cua cay vai thieu, ngudi Viet kh6ng chi c6 cdng... kg Nhan thay gia trj tQ cay vai thieu mang lai, ngudi Viet d tinh Hai Duong vQa ve que cu mua gidng, vua chiet canh nhan gidng Tu ngudi Viet gdc Hai Duong, viec trdng vai lan sang cac nh6m Viet