NGHIEN CLTU LY LUAN VA THl/C TIEN ^7 TAO DIEU KIEN DE PHU NU'THAM GIA • • • NHIEU HdN VAO CAC Cd QUAN DAN CLT PGS, TS HOANG BA THINH'*' X ay dyng dpi ngii can bd nii la nhiem vu cd tinh chien luge toan bd cdng tac can bd cua Dang va Nha nudc ta Quan diem da duge the hien Nghi quyet Dai hdi III (1960) eua Dang: "Dang ta ed trach nhiem ldn ddi vdi su nghiep giai phdng phu nii va phat huy nang lire ddi dao cua phu nii de xay dung xa hdi mdi".^*^Cac chi thi eua Ban Bi thu; Nghi quylt sd 04-NQ/TW 12-7-1993 cua Bp Chinh tri Ve doi m&i vd tdng cuang cong tdc van dgng phu nii tinh hinh m&i tiep tue khang dinh quan diem tren cila Dang Dac biet la Chi thi sd 37/CT-TW 16-5-1994 eila Ban Bi thu Vi mgt s6 vdn de cong tdc cdn bg nii th&i ky m&i da neu len mdt sd nhiem vu nhim ddy manh cdng tae phat trien can bd nii tinh hinh ty le can bd nii dang giam Chi thi neu rd: "Viec nang cao ty Ie can bd nii tham gia quan ly Nha nudc, quan ly kinh tl xa hpi la yeu edu quan trpng dl that su thuc hien quyin binh dang, dan chu cila phai nii, la dilu kien dl phat huy tai nang, tri tue va '' Dai hoc Khoa hpc xa hpi v^ Nhan van H^ Npi Lt LUAN CHiNH TR! - 2011 nang eao dia vi xa hdi cila phu nii" Trong Di chuc cua Chu tich Hd Chi Minh, Ngudi vdn danh su uu ddi vdi phu nii Viet Nam va nhae nhd ehiing ta quan tam den edng tac can bd nii: "Dang va Chinh phu can phai cd ke hoaeh thiet thue de bdi dudng, cat nhae va giiip de them nhieu phu nii phu trach mpi cdng viec ke ca cdng viee lanh dao" Tiep thu tu tudng Hd Chi Minh, chu truong ciia Dang va Nha nudc, dae biet la Chi thi sd 37-CT/TW cua Ban Bi thu vl viee xay dung dpi ngii can bd nii manh vl sd lugng, dam bao ve chat lugng, dap iing yeu cau nhiem vu tinh hinh mdi, Luat Bau cu dai bilu Hdi ddng nhan dan (HDND) nam 2003, khoan 1, Dilu 14 quy dinh: "bao dam sd lupng thich dang dai bilu Hdi ddng nhan dan la phu nii " Chuan bi eho ky bau cii Qudc hdi khoa XIII va HDND cac cdp, Chinh phu ban hanh van ban hudng ddn tieu chudn, eo edu dai bilu HDND cac cdp va quy trinh cdng tac nhan su HDND, Uy ban nhan dan (UBND) nhiem ky 2011-2016, dd xae 19 dinh rd nhiing bien phap thiie day binh ding gidi nhim dam bao ty le nii tham gia ling cti dat khoang 35% dl cd co sd phdn ddu dat ty le tning cu la 30% trd len; chi dao eae bd, nganh, cac dia phuong ehu ddng gidi thieu ngudn la dai bilu nii cua bd, nganh, dia phuong minh vao cac co quan dan eu Cd thi kl mdt vai van ban quan trpng: Chi thi so 50-CT/TW, 5-1-2011 cua Bd Chinh tri Vi bdu cu dqi biiu Quoc hgi khoa XIII vd bdu cu dqi biiu HDND cdc cdp nhiem ky 2011-2016; Quylt dinh sd 215/QD-TTg 16-2-2011 eua Thu tudng Chinh phti Vi viec hu&ng ddn ca cdu, thdnh phdn vd sS luang dqi bieu HDND cdc cdp nhiem ky 2011-2016; Nghi quylt sd 1020/2011/UBTVQH12 Huang ddn mgt so diim ve viec to chuc cugc bdu cu Dqi biiu Qudc hgi khda XIII vd Dqi biiu HDND cdc cdp nhiem ky 2011-2016 each gidi linh vuc giao due da cang dugc thu hep, dat 0,894, so vdi miic binh dang duge quy dinh la 1; ctu so phat triln ngudi (HDI) va chi sd gidi (GDI) ldn lugt dimg vj tri 105 va 109 sd 177 nudc Vdi nhung tuu tren, Viet Nam dugc danh gia la mdt nhiing qudc gia dat dugc su thay ddi nhanh nhat ve xoa bd khoang each gidi 20 nam qua d khu vue Ddng Nam A Tuy nhien, cdn nhan thdy ring, nhung nam qua, ty le dai bieu Qudc hdi la nu cd tang, nhung chua that bin vung Theo thong ke vdng 20 nam qua (tir nam 1987 din nan 2007), dai bilu Qudc hdi la nii chi tang dugc gan 4%; nhiing khda gan day nhu khda XI (2002-2007) la 27,31%, din khda XII (2002-2007) la 25,76%, muc tieu cua Chiln lugc qudc gia vi su tiln bd ciia phu nii Viet Nam den nam 2010 la 30% trd len ,'•i-'- Theo bao cao khoang each gidi toan cau nam 2008 ciia Diln dan kinh tl the gidi thi ty le phu nii tham gia Qudc hdi nudc ta xep thii 31 tren thi gidi va dan dau cac nudc ASEAN ed Nghi vien, ddng thdi, khoang Trong nhiem ky 2004-2009, ty Ie nir tham gia HDND cdp tinh ehi dat 23,88%, edp huyen dat 23,01% va cdp xa dat 19,53% (bang 1) Bdng 1: Ty le phu nu tham gia HDND cdc cdp Khoa 1999-2004 Khoa 2004-2011 Cac cap Nir Nam Nir Nam Tinh, 22,33 76,67 23,88 76,2 Quan, huyen 20,12 79,88 23,2 76,8 Xa, phudng 16,56 83,44 20,1 79,9 Ngudn: Uy ban qudc gia vi su tien bd ciia phu nii Viet Nam, 2004 Nhm ehung, ty le nti HDND d tdt ea phu nii giii vi tri chu tieh d cap tinh chi cd cac cap deu thap, dac biet thdp ddi vdi cac vi 1,56%, edp huyen la 3,92%) va cdp xa la tri lanh dao nhu chil tich hoac phd chil tieh 4,09%; ty le d cap phd tuong HDND Trong nhiem ky 2004-2009, ty le iing la 26,56%, 19,64% va 10,61% (bang 2) 20 L t LUAN CHiNH TR! 4-2011 Bdng 2: Ty le nU chit tich, phd chu tich HDND cdc cdp (%) Nhifmky 2004-2011 Nhiem ky 1999-2004 Cap tinh Cap huyen Capxa Capxa Cap tinh Cap huyen Chiic danh 4,09 3,92 1,56 Chu tich 3,46 1,64 5,46 10,61 26,56 19,64 5,57 8,19 11,42 Pho chii tich Neu nhu ty Ie nir tham gia HDND cac den 24%o thi ty le nu UBND cac cap cap nhiem ky 2004 -2011 chiim ttr 20% chi dao ddng ttr A% den 8,6% (bang 3) Bang 3: Ty le nU cdn bd UBND cdc cdp chia theo gi&i tinh (%) Cac cap Tinh, Quan, huyen Xa, phudng Nhiem ky 1999-2004 Nhiem ky 2004-2011 Nir Nam Nu Nam 6,4 4,9 4,54 93,6 95,1 95,46 8,61 6,40 3,99 91,39 93,60 96,01 Ngudn: Bd Ndi vu: Bdo cdo tinh hinh binh ddng gi&i quy hoach, tuyen dung, bd nhiem cdn bd, cdng chuc Trong Viet Nam da dat duge 2/3 cac mue tieu thien nien ky trude thdi gian va la mpt qudc gia dan dau khu vuc ve ty le nii tham gia lanh dao quan Iy d cac eo quan dan eu, nhung so vdi eae muc tieu thien nien ky lien quan den ty le dai bilu nii eae eo quan dan eu hien chiing ta chua dat dugc Nghien cuu, khao sat va tdng hgp y kiln cua 318 dai bilu Qudc hdi tai ky hgp thii 8, Qudc hdi khda XII va cila 295 dai bilu HDND, UBND (vao thang 92010) vl ty le nii irng cu dai bilu Qudc hdi, dai bilu HDND eae cdp cho thdy: tren 95% y kien cho ring ty le nii dai bilu HDND cac cap khda XII cdn thdp va chua dat yeu cau cila thuc tien Diing nhu danh gia Nghi quylt sd 11-NQ/TU 27-4-2007 eua Bd Chinh tri Vi cdng tdc phu nU thai ky ddy mqnh CNHHDH ddt nu&c: "Phu nir tham gia lanh dao, quan ly cd ty le thdp, chua tuong xiing vdi nang lire va sir phat trien cua luc lugng lao ddng nii, ngudn can bd nii hdng L t L U A N CHiNH TR! - 2011 hut, d mdt sd linh vue, ty le can bp nii sut giam" Thue trang cd nguyen nhan quan trpng la do: "Cdng tae phu nii cdn nhiing mat yeu kem Dinh hudng lanh dao, chinh sach, phuong phap cdng tac van ddng phu nii cdn thieu cu the, sat hgp vdi timg ddi tugng, khu vuc, viing, miln, chua dap ling kip thdi yeu cdu mdi." Sau Qudc hgi khda XI thdng qua Luat Binh ding gidi (thang 11-2006), tai ky bdu cu Qudc hdi khoa Xll (20-5-2007), nhilu ngudi ky vpng sd nii dai bieu Qudc hdi khoa Xll se eao hon khoa XI Nhtmg thue tl, kit qua lai thdp hon (25,76% so vdi 27,31%) Nhilu ngudi ban khoan vi sau ed Luat Binh dang gidi, lai cd su "di xudng" vl ty le nii dai bilu d eo quan lap phap? Chic cd nhieu ylu td tac ddng, va se la bai hpc kinh nghiem cho ky bdu cu vao thang 5-2011 nay, niu ehiing ta that su mudn dat duge ehi tieu ttr 30% nii dai bilu quoc hdi va HDND cae cdp 21 D I cd thi dam bao mue tieu ve ty Ie nu tham gia vao cae co quan dan cu ky bdu cu nhiem ky 2011-2016 vao 22-52011, cdn thuc hien tdt nhimg hoat ddng sau: Mdt la, ndng cao nhdn thuc vi binh ddng gi&i ldnh dqo cdc cdp, cdc ngdnh Trong thuc tl, cdn cd tinh trang nhan thiic eua cac cap iiy dang, chinh quyin d nhilu dia phuong, don vi ve binh ding gidi, ve vai trd nang luc eila phu nti edn han ehl Thilu cac giai phap dl thuc hien cac chu truong cila Dang ve edng tac bdu cii nti dai bilu Qudc hdi va dai bieu HDND cac edp Chil truong cdng tac can bp nu chua dugc quan triet, thuc hien day du quy hoach, tao ngudn, dao tao, bdi dudng, bd tri sii dung, de bat can bd Can nhan rd rang, thue hien quyen binh dang that su giiia nii va nam phai thuc hien thue tien edng tac va ddi sdng ma bieu hien cu the trudc hit la viec dua phu nii tham gia ddng dao vao edng vile td chiic lanh dao va quan ly kinh tl, van hoa, ddi sdng, lanh dao quan ly nha nudc Chinh sach cua Dang ddi vdi can bd nii la xuat phat tir quan diem giai edp cua Dang ve van de giai phdng phu nu, ttr yeu cau cua nhiem vu chinh tri Dang dl timg giai doan each mang, chii khdng phai la de "ehieu cd phu nii" theo kiiu ban on Can quan triet tinh thdn cila Chi thi 37/CT-TW: "Chdng nhung bilu hien lech lae, coi thudng phu nu, khit khe, hep hdi danh gia, dl bat can bg nu" dat dugc ehi tieu dl hay khdng Kinh nghiem cua Trung uong Hdi Lien hiep phu nii (LHPN) Viet Nam thuc hien Du an Tdng cu&ng su tham gia ciia phu nii vdo HDND cdc cdp nhiem ky 2004-2009 eho thdy, Hdi da tap trung vao viec md cae ldp bdi dudng nti iing eu vien dai bieu HDND vdi ndi dung: nang cao nang Iue cho cac ling vien nti ve xay dimg chuong trinh hanh ddng, ky nang thuyet trinh, giao tiep vdi cu tri, nim vung ndi dung va each thilc van ddng bau cii true tiep va gian tiep (tren cac phuong tien truyen thdng dai chiing) Cd su am hieu ve luat phap (Luat Binh dang gidi, Luat Bau eii, Luat Hdn nhan va gia dinh, ) Trong ddng thai nay, Hdi LHPN Viet Nam da td ehiie Hdi nghi true tuyen vdi Hpi LHPN 63 tinh, de trien khai cdng tac tham gia bau cii dai bieu Qudc hdi va HDND cac cap Tai hdi nghi, dai bieu tai 63 dau cau truyen hinh ciing da tham gia gdp y eho du thao ke hoach cua Chil tich Trung uong Hdi LHPN Viet Nam vl tham gia edng tac bau cii Lanh dao Hdi LHPN nhieu tinh cting neu quyet tam se van ddng dat tren 97% nir cu tri true tilp di bdu, phan dau dat ty Ie dai bieu nii tham gia Qudc hdi va HDND cac cdp dat tir 30% trd len Ddng thdi, Hdi LHPN ciing da md cac ldp bdi dudng giang vien qudc gia de tap huan cho cac iing cu vien nti nhilm ky 2011-2016 Ket qua eho thay: tinh tnmg binh, so vdi nhiem ky 1999-2004 thi ty le nii dai bilu Hai la, ndng cao ndng luc cho cdc irng HDND nhiem ky 2004-2009 ca nudc cu vien nii Day la mdt hoat ddng quan dlu tang d ca cdp, dd cdp tinh tang trgng va thilt thuc khdng chi vdi cac iing 2,74%, cdp huyen tang 2,53% va cap xa , vien nu, ma nd cdn anh hudng din viec ed tang 3,88% (bang 4) 22 LV LUAN CHiNH TRuTioTT Bdng 4: Ty le nii dqi biiu HDND cdp tqi cdc tinh duoe thu hu&ng du dn (%) Tinh Bac Lieu Bac Kan Binh Dinh Ca Mau Dong Thap Nghe An Khanh Hoa Phii Yen Soc Trang 10 Thanh Hoa 11 Tay Ninh 12 Thira Thien Hue 13 Tra Vinh 14 VTnh Long Cap tinh Cap xa cdp huy?n Tang Giam Tang Giam Tang Giam 8,2 1,91 10,78 6,8 6,0 12,73 13,22 1,42 12,7 4,5 7,4 0 4,2 0 0 0 0,65 0 3,55 3,98 4,68 0,16 2,62 6,45 4,83 3,67 5,65 2,09 2,03 8,6 3,04 0 0 0 0 0 1,49 0 4,41 1,47 0 2,11 2,58 8,52 5,29 4,57 7,44 3,22 2,71 1,8 4,72 4,7 3,46 0 0 0 0 0 4,38 Nguon: Uy ban quoc gia vi su tiin bgphuVi?t nii Nam, 2005 Bang cho thdy, ty Ie nii HDND cdp tinh d Thanh Hoa va Bic Kan giam, ty le nti HDND cap huyen d Tay Ninh giam Rieng tinh Vinh Long ty le dai bilu nu giam d ca cdp Cdn 11/14 tinh dlu cd kit qua tang Dac biet la cac tinh Ca Mau, Khanh Hoa, Phii Yen ed ty le dai bilu nii cdp tinh tang tren tir 10,78% din 13,22% Thuc tiln cho thdy, nir iing vien duge bdi dudng tap huan, cung cdp tai lieu thi cd kit qua kha quan Cu thi: tinh Khanh Hoa: cd 53/90 nii tham gia ldp bdi dudng da tning cil HDND edp, ehilm 60%; Bac Lieu: 47/90 nii tham gia Idp bdi dudng da tning cii HDND cdp, ehilm 52%; Sde Trang: cd 38/90 nii tham gia ldp bdi dudng da tning ctr HDND cdp, ehilm 42%; Phii Yen: cd 34/90 nii tham gia ldp bdi dudng da tning cir HDND cdp, ehilm 38% L t LUAN CHiNH TR! 4-2011 Ba la, td chuc tdt viec hiep thuang gi&i thieu Qua trinh hiep thuong cdn chii y gidi thieu, lua chgn mdt sd Iupng tuong ddi ldn ling cu vien nii la nhung ngudi cd du tieu chuan, trinh dp, phdm chdt Cdn quan tam den ea sd lupng va chat lupng cila nti iing cu vien Sd lupng nu ung ctr vien dugc gidi thieu it se khd dat ehi tieu Nhtmg neu sd Iugng ling vien nii nhieu nhung chat lugng (trinh hgc van chuyen mdn, chinh tri, tudi ) khdng dap iing yeu cau thi ciing khd dat duge muc tieu de Kinh nghiem cila ky bdu cir Qudc hdi khoa XII cho thdy cd tinh, phd true thudc Trung uong khdng cd nti iing cu vien nao cua dja phuong tning cil; ed phd gidi thieu tdi 11 nii iing ctr vien nhtmg tdt ca dlu khdng tning ctr cdn tranh viec "Idng ghep cac tieu chi" ddi vdi ling cii vien nii Khdng nen dl iing 23 cii vien nii phai ganh cac tieu chi "kep" (co cdu nti, tudi tre, ngudi ngoai dang, ngudi dan tdc) qua trinh hiep thuong Chii trgng nang cao vai trd cua Mat tran Td qudc Viet Nam va cac vien cua Mat tran, dac biet la vai trd eua Hdi LHPN Viet Nam eae cdp gidi thieu, iing cii dai bieu Qudc hdi, dai bilu HDND cac cdp quy trinh hiep thuong Qudc hdi khoa XIII vd bdu cu HDND cdc cdp nhiem ky 2011- 2016; Nghi quyet 1020 cua Uy ban Thudng vu Qudc hdi hudng dan vl bdu cu; Quylt djnh 215 ctia Thu tudng Chinh phu Vi tieu chudn, ca cdu dqi bieu diu chu trgng din ndi dung binh ddng gi&i bdu cu Qudc hdi vd HDND cdc cdp Ky bdu eii qudc hdi khoa XIII va HDND cac cdp nhiem ky 2011 - 2016 cd nhilu Bdn la, cdng bdng vd khdch quan thuan lgi Luat Binh ding gidi da chinh bd tri ca cdu nam nU tqi cdc dan vi bdu cu thiic cd hieu lire va dang van hanh vao cugc cdn tranh vile sap xlp cac iing vien theo sdng dugc hon nam Bd Chinh tri ban kiiu "quan xanh, quan dd", coi iing vien nii hanh Nghi quyet Ve ddi m&i vd tdng cuang nhu la "ling vien phu" Trong thue te, dilu cdng tdc van ddng phu nii tinh hinh da ttmg cd "tai cude bau cii dai bieu m&i Va mdi day, 24-12-2010, Thu Qudc hdi khda XII, sd 182 don vi bau tudng Chinh phu da ban hanh Quyet dinh sd 2351/QD-TTg phe duyet Chien lugc cil eua ca nudc, cd khoang 10%) sd don vi qudc gia ve binh ddng gi&i giai doqn 2011sip xep nhiing ngudi iing cu mpt don 2020 Viec tang cudng su tham gia cila phu vi cd cac trinh dp va vi the (chiic vu) qua nti vao cae vi tri quan Iy, lanh dao, nham chenh lech, bdt lgi eho iing ctr nu" (Tap chi ttmg budc giam dai^ ^loang each gidi Cdng sdn, sd (221), 2011) Khdng nen linh vuc ehinh tri la muc tieu hang dau ma "co cdu nii" mdt each hinh thiic, co cau Chiln luge qudc gia ve binh dang gidi giai nam cd siic nang ap dao nii doan 2011-2020 dl Chiln lugc da dl Ndm Id, hoqt ddng truyen thdng v&i binh chi tieu cu the bao dam ty Ie nii dai bieu ddng gi&i bdu cu Qudc hdi, dai bieu HDND cac cap nhiem Vai trd cua truyen thdng dai chiing rat ky 2011-2016 tir 30% trd len quan trpng ddi vdi cae su kien eua dat nudc Trong bdi canh chinh t r i - x a hdi ndi tren, Viee thdng tin, giao due, dinh hudng du neu lam tdt cac hoat ddng tren day, ciing vdi luan cd vai trd khdng nhd ddi vdi hanh vi ban than can bd nir ciing phai cd gang vuon eua eir tri De cd the dat duge ehi tieu 30% Ien, khdng an phan, tu ty thi chiing ta cd co nii dai bieu, Ban Tuyen giao Tnmg uong sd de tin rang se dat dugc "co cau dai bieu Ban Dan van Trung uong va Hdi LHPN la phu nir, phan dau dat ty le ehung khoang Viet Nam can phdi hgp td ehiic cac ldp bdi 30%) trd len" nhu muc tieu ciia Chiin lugc dudng cho cae co quan truyen thdng tuyen qudc gia vi binh ddng gi&i giai doqn 2011truyen ve bau ctr, tuyen truyen ve tdm quan 2020 va tinh thdn cila Quylt dinh s6 trpng, y nghia cua ky bau cu, cac van ban 215/QD-TTg 16-2-2011 cua Thil tudng quan trpng lien quan den cdng tac nhu: Chinh phu Vi viec hu&ng ddn ca cdu, thdnh Chi thi 50-CT/TW 5-1-2011 cua Bd phdn vd sd luang dqi bieu Hdi ddng nhdn Chinh tri Ve ldnh dao eudc bdu cu Dai bieu ddn cdc cdp nhiem ky 2011-2016 24 L? LUAN CHiNHTRiTri^ ... thdi gian va la mpt qudc gia dan dau khu vuc ve ty le nii tham gia lanh dao quan Iy d cac eo quan dan eu, nhung so vdi eae muc tieu thien nien ky lien quan den ty le dai bilu nii eae eo quan. .. phu nii tham gia ddng dao vao edng vile td chiic lanh dao va quan ly kinh tl, van hoa, ddi sdng, lanh dao quan ly nha nudc Chinh sach cua Dang ddi vdi can bd nii la xuat phat tir quan diem giai... cung cdp tai lieu thi cd kit qua kha quan Cu thi: tinh Khanh Hoa: cd 53/90 nii tham gia ldp bdi dudng da tning cil HDND edp, ehilm 60%; Bac Lieu: 47/90 nii tham gia Idp bdi dudng da tning cii HDND