Tap chi C d n g M u a X u a n - Dat nuac N G U O N G O C C U A M I N H VA SUY NGHI VE MINH TRIET VIET T R I E T san V I E T o HIEN DAI TRAN NGOC HIEN * Xua ddn tdc vd dat nude thinh suy deu cd quan he den su thdng tram cua minh triet Viet Nam cung vay, sau 25 nam ddi mdi, dat nude da cd bd mat khac trudc nhieu Nhung nhin vao thuc trang kinh te, xa hdi, van hda hien thi ngudi ta khdng ro minh triet Viet ddng thang hay tram sao? De ly gidi cdu hdi do, cd le phai di tim "sai chi do" xuyen sudt qua trinh phat trien minh triet Viet thi mdi hy vong ciing nhdn three ddn ddn van de minh triet Viet hien dai - minh triet Hd Chi Minh I - Ngudn gdc cua s u g i o n g n h a u va k h a c n h a u g i u a m i n h t r i e t Viet moi thu nhung khdng the mat nhdn each" Minh triet truyen thdng neu cao bdn linh truyen thong vdi m i n h triet Viet hien ngudi la "phai hieu dugc minh, thdng dai minh" Danh nhan Hung Dao Vuong Tran Nhin khai quat, su giong giua hai thoi ky minh triet Viet tap trung d khau then chdt: dao lam ngudi Minh triet chi dudng mudn lam ngudi phai cd dao nghia la phai cd nhdn each va bdn tinh Hai pham chat ay gan bd vdi tao "dao lam ngudi" Con ngudi mudn giu nhan each phai cd ban linh, de° khdng bi tha hda mdi trudng xa hdi phuc tap Trong minh triet truyen thdng, ngudi cd nhdn each Id "giu dugc nip song ngheo md sach, yen phan giu minh, khdng mdng danh loi" Ddi vdi mot sd ngudi cd hoc thi "cd thi mdt dugc Qudc Tuan cho rang: "Hieu duoc minh la anh Thang duoc minh la hung" (theo Dac Trung "Luan ve le song vd dao lam ngudi") Nhan each va ban linh cua "dao lam ngudi" minh triet Viet truyen thdng dac biet the hien d "tinh thdn ddn tdc yeu nude sau sdc", dd bieu hien ca ban linh va nhan each ngudi Viet Nam Day la mdt pham chat duoc ket tinh tu hang ngan * GS, TS, Hoc vien Chinh tri - Hanh chinh qudc gia H6 Chi Minh S6 820 (thing nam 2011} 95 Tap chi Cong s d n M u a X u a n - Dat nuac nam dung nuac va giu nuac cua nhieu the he Tinh ben vung cua gia tri minh triet the hien noi bat d hai luan diem: Mot Id, coi ddn lam trong, la nhan to quyet dinh su thinh hay suy tan cua che chinh tri, the hien luan diem "Chd thuyen, lat thuyen deu d dan" Hdi nghi Dien Hong mang y nghia lich su la v i vay Hai Id, coi "hien tdi Id nguyen qudc gia" Hai luan diem dd gan bd vdi nhau, lam dieu kien cho Nhung gia tri cua minh triet Viet truyen thdng cd ngudn gdc, co so tu dia chinh tri, dia van hda cua Viet Nam Co sd van ton tai den nay, nen nhung gia tri minh triet van cdn phat huy tac dung nhat dinh Mat yeu cua nhung gia tri minh triet truyen thdng la chua dugc hinh tren mot co sd kinh te phat trien Day la van de ma viec nghien cuu minh triet Viet hien dai can bd sung Ngay nay, vai trd cua dia kinh ti Viet Nam se cang tang, dem lai sue sdng mdi, chat luong mdi cho nhung gia tri minh triet Viet da cd Su phat trien cua co sd kinh te mdi la nen kinh te thi trudng dinh hudng xa hdi chu nghia phat trien theo hudng ddng thuan ca kinh te, xa hdi va mdi trudng, tuc phat trien hen vung Su phat trien kinh te thi trudng theo hudng dd se dem lai bd mat xa hdi mdi, nen van hda mdi va nen chinh tri tien bp Dd se la su khac ve ngudn gdc giua hai thdi ky minh triet Viet Nd dem lai ndi ham mdi cho "dao lam ngudi" Nhan each va ban linh ngudi khdng chi d thudc dan tdc ma cdn ca thudc qudc t i thdi hdi nhap Nd cung dem lai ndi ham mdi cho khai niem "hien tdi" va khai niem nhdn ddn, cho tinh than dan tdc yeu nude Hon nua, kinh te thi trudng phat trien ben vung la 96 S6 820 (thing nam 2011) mdt xu t h i t i t y i u Khi kinh ti tri thuc thay the kinh te cdng nghiep se tao khd nang thuc te xda bd van nan lich su "ngudi bde lot ngudi" va tan pha thien nhien, nghia la tao tien de xda bd nhung chd dd chinh tri coi thudng su phat trien xa hdi va bao ve mdi trudng Kha nang thuc te iy cdn bao ham su hinh nen chinh tri nhdn van - mdt tieu chi cua minh triet hien dai Budc vao the ky X X I , su phat trien manh me cua nen kinh te tri thuc dang tao xu the ddi nen chinh tri nhan van the hien su phat trien cua mdt he thdng gdm nha nude phap quyen ciia dan, mdt xa hdi dan chu mdi, mdt nen kinh te thi trudng phat trien ben vung Khai niem nen chinh tri nhan van khdng phai nen chinh tri lo cho dan bang each ban phat an hue ma bang su sang tao td chuc, hudng dan cho dan tu phat trien du sue lam chu xay dung nha nude, xay dung xa hdi phat trien kinh ti thi trudng Nhu vay, minh triet thdi hien dai khdng chi mang lai nhung ndi dung mdi ma cdn ca phuong phap mdi, khdng chi lam rd nhung gia tri tdt dep cua "dao lam ngudi" hien nay, ma cdn phai chi rd lam the nao de thuc hien nhung gia tri tot dep dd II - Tu nhimg gid tri Hd CM Minh, suy n g h i \e p h a t t r i e n m i n h t r i l t V i e t hien dai Tu gdc nhin minh triet cd the' nhan ra: Cach mang Thang Tam 1945 cdng la cot mdc lich su giua hai thdi ky cua minh triet Viet Nhung gia tri chinh tri va van hda Hd Chi Minh la spi chi dd hudng d i n nhan dan ta gianh chinh quyen va chiin thing hai cudc chiin tranh vdi chii nghia tu M u a X u a n - Dat nuac ban Phap va chu nghia tu ban My Chung toi khong diing khai niem "thuc dan Phap va xam luge M y " ma dung khai niem chu nghia tu bdn Phap va chu nghia tu bdn My la muon noi den hai nuoc co nen kinh ti thi trudng phat trien cao va nen van minh cong nghiep, Viet Nam la nuoc nong nghiep lac hau, nua phong kien Nhung tai cuoi cung Viet Nam thang? Van de phai dugc ly giai bang each nhin lai lich su the gioi va Viet Nam tu sau nua the ky X X trd di, tu dau the ky X X I nhin lai, nhieu su kien cua the gidi d nua sau the ky X X phat di tin hieu: gio thai dai dang ddi chieu, dd cd cac su kien tieu bieu, nhu cac cudc dau tranh giai phong dan tdc ndi len khap noi; su hinh the gidi thu ba; su that bai cua chu nghia thuc dan va chu nghia phat-xit; su phat trien nen kinh te thi trudng - xa hdi d chau A u (nhat la Bac Au) va chii nghia xa hdi - dan chu; su suy thoai va ket thuc md hinh chu nghia xd hoi nhd nuac d Lien X d va Ddng A u ; su ket thuc Chien tranh lanh va the gidi hai cue ddi dau; su phat trien manh kinh te tri thuc va toan cau hda; nhung hiem hoa cd tinh toan cau tan pha mdi trudng di ddi vdi cudc dau tranh ve xa hdi va chinh tri mang tinh toan cau Gid thdi dai ddi chieu la nhdn to khach quan tao thdi co chua ning cd cho cac cudc each mang dan toe ddn chu gianh thang loi Cach mang Thang Tam 1945 va hai cudc khang chien cua Viet Nam thang loi nhd thdi co ay Thdi co dd la co hdi chung cho moi dan tdc dang dau tranh giai phong dan tdc, nhung chi cd dan tdc nao cd nhan to chu quan, minh triet dugc xu the cua thdi dai thi mdi gianh dugc thang lgi Tap chi Cdng s a n O Viet Nam, nhan td chu quan dd la su xuat hien Hd Chi Minh voi nhung gia tri dugc tich hop qua chang dudng dai, tung trai, tir Ngudi di tim dudng cuu nude (nam 1911) cho den lanh dao dat nude da O s i the hien cang sau sac nhung dac diem va ndi dung minh triet Viet hien dai Gia tri minh triet Hd Chi Minh khdng nhung dugc khang dinh thdng qua cdng ve ddi ngoai va ddi ndi, khdng nhung tu tudng, quan diem ma ca hanh ddng thuc hien, su ket hop nhuan nhuyen giua ndi vdi lam, giua su nghiep vdi cudc sdng ca nhan Cd the ndi minh triet Hd Chi Minh dugc tich hop tu nhung gia tri cua thdi dai mdi vdi nhung tinh hoa cua Viet Nam, cho nen sue sdng cua nd lau ben va se lan tda ddi sdng Viet Nam, du d giai doan dau nhieu can trd Vay ndi van tat thi minh triet Ho Chi Minh gom nhiing gid tri gi chu yeu ? Neu ndi mdt each cd dong thi cd ba gia tri ldn gan bd vdi nhau, lam dieu kien cho Dd la: 1) Ddc lap cho dan tdc 2) T u dan chu cho nhan dan 3) Su phat trien cua mdi ngudi Ba gia tri ay trd ba muc tieu cua each mang Viet Nam, dugc thuc hien bang ba cudc giai phong: giai phong dan tdc, giai phong xa hdi, giai phong ngudi Dd la ndi dung co ban cua thdi dai Hd Chi Minh Budc sang the ky X X I , kinh te tri thuc dang phat trien manh tren pham v i toan cau, dem lai nhung noi dung vd yeu cdu mdi cac muc tieu: ddc lap dan tdc, tu dan chu va phat trien ngudi V i vay, lam rd nhung ndi dung va yeu cau mdi ba So 820 (thang nam 2011) 97 M u a X u a n - D a t nuac muc tieu tren phai la dinh huong phat trien minh triet Viet hien dai Budc dau cd the goi may hudng nghien cuu sau day: Tap