NGHIEN CUU - THAO LUAN Danh gia tac dong chuyen doi flat nong nghiep flen floi song ndng flan HUYEN BINli GIANG, HAI DUONG O ThS TA TUYET THAI Van phdng dang ky dat dai Sd Tai nguyen va Mdi trudng Ha Ndi inh Giang la mdt huyen cd tdc B thj hda cao cua tinh Hai Dudng Dd thj hda, cdng nghiep hda da anh hudng den cugc sdng cua ngudi dan huyen ndi ehung va tore tiep tac ddng tdi eudc sdng eua , ,: , .•,'•, , V nhung nguoi dan bi mat dat san xuat • ^ ^ nong nghiep noi neng Bai Viet nham danh gia tac dgng cua viec chuyen doi dat nong nghiep sang da't cdng nghiep den m song ndng dan huyen Binh Giang tinh Ha Duong giai doan 2005-2010 va de xuat mgt so giai phap nham binh dn cugc sdng eua ngudi ndng dan tren dja '^^y^ Danh gia tac dong cua viec chuyen ddi dat nong nghiep sang dat cong nghiep ^ Tac ddng cua chuyen doi dat den san xuat nong nghiep eua nong hd Lua la cay trdng chiJ lye eua ngudi dan huyen Binh Giang tinh Hai Dudng Nd quyet djnh thu nhap chu yeu tU kinh te ndng nghiep cua tUng ndng hd Ket qua nghien cyu v i mdt sd chi tieu trdng lua cua cac ndng hd tff giao khoan sff dung dat dn djnh, lau dai tai day cho thay qua trinh chuyen djeh da't ndng nghiep sang dat cdng nghiep da cd tac ddng manh me den nang xuat, san lugng cay trdng cua ngucn dan giam tudng ddi Idn Ty nhffng can cy tren cho thay san xuat lua vdn dugc coi la nganh san xuat chu yeu cua cac hd ndng dan Vi vay, thyc gia dinh Sd lugng sff dung dien mdt dien tich Idn dat ndng nghiep bj thoai tang, ddi sdng cua ndng hd nang thu hdi de chuyen sang sff dung cho cao cac muc dich khae nhu xay dyng khu JQQ ^Q^Q ^§ QJQ f,-, quy^p sirdunq cdng nghiep, khu dd thj mdi, da anh dat hudng khdng nhd tdi thu nhap cua T, , ,, •>.-., .- -^ , , ^ , - • [ • Theo ket qua dieu tra thue te tai dia nguoi dan, ngoai no anh huong , , „ „ ^ - • - ^ - V ^ • j' '' J:, , , ,1 ., , , , ^ ban, nam 2005 muc gia dat dai deu den kinh te xa hg, va moi truong song ^^^ ^ _ ^^^ ^^^J^ ^^ - ^^^ ^, cua nguc^ dan tren dia ban ^^ ^,^^ ^^^ ^ ^ ;^ ^.^ ^ ^, ^.^^ ^^^^^ Tac ddng den ddi sdng kinh te budn ban tang cao, eosdha tang duoc ndng hd nang cap va nha't la thdng' tin v i quy j-^^^ ^^^^-^^ ^^^ ^Q^g ^^^ ^j^^, ^^^^g l^oach dd thj mdi da lam cho gia da't tai ^^^ ^^.^^ Q^^ ^^l^^h chuyen djeh dat dja ban cd sy thay ddi manh Nhu vay, ^^^^ ^^^^^^ ga^g ^-^ ,^|^^ ^^^g ^^^^^^^ ^^^ ^^-^^^ ^^^^^^ ^^^^ ^-j ^^^g ^^^ ^-( ^ ^^ ^-f y-^^^ ^^^^^ ^^^^ ^^ ^^ 1^^ ga^g ^g't edng nghiep va dat d dd thj da tang quy md xay dyng nha d cua cac tac ddng manh me den mffc gia dat tai ndng hd, dac biet sau cac ndng hg dja phuang JQ^ ^g^g g§^ ^^^ 5^^ /go ggng va nhan tien din bu thi tinh hinh xay dyng nha cao tang ed nhiiu hudng tang cao ^JQQ / g ^ Thir hai, tac ddng den quy md ' m nhat, tac ddng den dien tich nha d Quy md va dien tich dat p^g-^ ^an cu va lao ddng Da cd sy thay dcua huyen nam 2010giam so vdi nam g^j ^^^f^ ^ig v i chi tieu xa hdi sdlao 2005 Sy suy giam quy md dien tich ^ppg no^g nghiep giam manh Sy thay la nhiiu hd da tien hanh chuyen (jg] effa sd ngudi chuyen ddn va chuyen nhugng dat nhu cau v i dat d tang ^j; s d lao ddng chuyen den tang, hau cao h^t la lye lucffig cdng nhan cua cac nha jhir ba, ve tai san sd hCru ciia may xi nghiep, sd lao ddng chuyen di da ^idng hd Cd sy thay ddi rd ret v i tai san giam dang kd Nhffng lao ddng chuyen sd hffu cua ndng hd Tai san ed gia tn di chu yeu la cae phd Idn lam cao ed sy gia tang dang ke v i sd lugng lao ddng ty Sd hd kinh doanh cQng 9i§u cho thay dd sdng eua cac tang len dot bien Sy tang len cua cac pdng hd tang len rd ret Trong dd, dang hd kinh doanh la mdt phan mat dat \,^ y la da ed sy dau tu mua may vi tinh, san xuat ndng nghiep nen phai chuyen the hien sy quan tam dau tu ve trang sang nghi mcrt va nhu cau djeh vu tai thiet bj phuc vu nang cao hgc van, tri cae khu edng nghiep tang cao Tdi nguyen v d Mdi trudng | Ky 2-Thang 11/2010 Thir hai, tac ddng den lao ddng va gdp phan nang cao thu nhap va ddi - cdng nghe d myc nhat djnh D viee lam Trong qua trinh thyc hien cdng sdng cua nhan dan Mat khac, lam anh nhu cau hgc tap, dao tao nganh ng nghiep hda, hien dai hda, viec chuyen hudng khdng nhd den sinh kd cija ngudi cang gia tang tai cae dja phUdng ddi muc dich sff dung da't, tridn khai cac dan bj thu hdi da't san xua't ndng cd qua trinh chuyen ddi muc dich sff dy an Idn eua nen kinh te diin mang nghiep tren mdt sd mat nhu: Dien tich dung dat Mang ludi tardng Idp cua tinh quy luat Da't dai duge chuydn ddi d dat canh tac cang giam, san lugng huyen phat trien da dang va phong nude ta da gdp phan phat trien manh va thu nhap cua ngudi dan giam theo, di Den mdi xa diu tU den tardn neri kinh te - xa hdi ya bao dam an ninh kem vdi nd la tinh trang phat trien d at mam non, trudng tieu hgc va THCS qudc phdng Chuyen ddi muc dich sff khu cdng nghiep va khu djeh vu lam cho Quy md vi giao due lien tue duge md dgng dat d nude ta dat cac van di gia ca tang keo theo gia cho san rdng, ddi ngu giao vien lien tue dugc can dugc giai quyet mdt each ddng bd xuat ndng nghiep tang cao Dan den sy tang eudng ve sd lugng va chat lugng la: Ddi_ sdng, viec lam eua ngudi bj thu chenh lech giUa ndng thdn va thj theo hudng chuan hda Sd hgc sinh, hdi dat; chuyen ddi nghe nghiep cho Qua tnnh chuyen ddi cung din den sinh vien cung tang len dang ke sa nhffng ngudi bj mat tu lieu san xuat; ^pt he luy nffa la sd lao ddng du thUa bj thu hdi dat ngudi dan cd tien va chinh sach din bu, giai^ phdng mat rat khd tim viec lam trinh cd han, nhan thay can dau tu cho hgc de c bang; van di tai djnh cu, sff dung hgp ly chua qua dao tao nen van xSy tinh nganh nghe mgi ben canh dd mdt sd dat da thu hdi d-apg ^^^ nghiep thidu viec lam cho mdt ngudi ed diiu kien lam cae khu Lao ddng va viec lam la hai yeu td bd phan lao ddng tai dja phudng cdng nghiep nen ed tiin trang trai ca quyet djnh tdi thu nhap va la nguyen y/,^j.^g^ ^^^ ^^^g ^^^ ^g^^^ ^g^^ khoan cho hgc tap Trong nhffng nhan cua sy phan hda giau ngheo Nhu „/,y jp^j^^ ^^^ l^l^j j,[^^^g ^^ ^^ ^gl ^jg-j nam qua, cac diiu kien vi co sd va da phan tich d tren, khdng edn quy san xua't ndng' nghiep ngudi dan chff j ' , giam manh Chinh'su thu hdi mdt dien "he de co h,eu qua kinh te cao nhu ^en dn dmh cugc sdng cho nguc« dan L dat kha 1*1 da dan den mdt luong chan nuoi ket hgp am vuon^tapvu, kinh Do vay van de mdi trudng cung dugc lao ddng kha Idn khdng cd da't san xua' "^T^ ?'\'^ ^' "^^'^ °° '^J' 'J^,^ ^^'^ ''^ '^ ^anh kinh phide giai ^' '^^ ^^ "^" 9^^" ^^ '^'^ ^^i sinh va bude nhffng lao ddng phai '°^9 ' ' ' ^ ' " ° " ^ '^'/"^^ ?" ^ hoat cung nhu chat thai tff khu edng chuydn sang nhffng nghe khac nhu P^^" "^° 'f *^9 ^^^ ,^^f , ^ ' * ' f budn ban, kinh doanh, lam thue cho mdt '^'l :^a°-Ng^?" hu u cac ^nh vyc dau nghiep Tuy nhien, cae khu edng ngh sd CO sd san xuat kinh doanh hoae di ^^ ""h^^ ^^^ *^^ ^hanh nguon thu chinh phat trien thi kha nang gay d nhiim m lam mdt sd nha may tren dia ban ^h^ ' ' ^ "^^ "°"9 hg khdng edn dat trudng cang nhiiu, dac biet la cae khu Cae nha may, xi nghiep lay da't san ^^" ^^^* "°"9 nghiep, vd\ mdt sd nganh cdng nghiep Idn Neu cac doanh nghi xuat ndng nghiep cua ngucri dan dia ^ " '^ho thu nhap cao hon nhieu so ven khdng ed y thyc xff ly chat thai mgt each khoa hgc se ed nguy cd d nhiim mdi phuong de lam mat bang san xua't da cd "9he trdng trgt trudc day nhffng che dd uu tien tao diiu kien cho Tac ddng den trinh hgc van, trudng lam anh hudng din sffc k cija nguc^ dan dja phudng Trong thyc lao ddng dia phudng cd viec lam phu giao due hgp cac xi nghiep nen sd lao ddng Qua trinh chuydn ddi tU dat ndng *®' ^^^ '^ ^^'" ^^ "hffc nhdl ma ca xa h khdng cd viee lam da giam Sd lao ddng nghiep sang dat edng nghiep tac ddng ^^^" *^^- "^^ ''^^' ^^"^^ ^ ° ' ^'^ ^" ^^^ lam d ncri khac cung giam dang kd, khdng nhd den trinh dd hoe van cua '^^S ? u cdng nghiep can luu y trudc nhffng lao ddng trd vi va da tim ngud dan tren dia ban Cdng nghiep J^" '^'^ "hung tac dgng mdi trudng va dugc vide lam phu hgp d dja phudng phat tridn cd nghTa khoa hgc phat tridn hau qua no^gay cho ngucn Nhu vay, sy chuyen djeh dat ndng theo Ngudi lao dgng mudn dugc lam Ket luan Qua nghien cUu tac dgng viec nghiep sang da't edng nghiep da ed tac viec cac khu edng nghiep can cd ddng tich eye tdi viee Idm cua ngudi dan trinh hgc van vd kien thUe khoa hgc chuyen ddi dat ndng nghiep sang d Tdi nguyen vd Mdi trudng I Ky - Thang 11/2010 cdng nghiep den dgi sdng ndng hd d huyen Binh GiangtfnhHai Dudng cd the mt mdt sd ket luan sau: Tinh hinh tac ddng ehung: Qua trinh chuyen djeh dat ndng nghiep ^ang dat edng nghiep ed tac dgng nha't djnh den mdt sd van d i xa hdi nhu lam tang dan sd co hgc; tang hoat ddng san xua't kinh doanh eua ndng hd d i n den lam tang tdc chuyen djeh cd cau sff dung dat, dat sff dung cho ndng nghiep giam, da't phi ndng nghiep tang, co cau kinh te tren dja ban thay ddi keo theo sd lao dgng nganh ndng nghiep giam 20%; lam tang v i tai san sd hffu ed gia tri cua ndng hd; sd lao ddng lam viec tai dia phudng tang len, sd lao ddng lam viec ngoai dja phuong giam di Tac ddng den san xuat ndng nghiep ciia ndng hd: Qua trinh chuydn djeh da't ndng nghiep sang dat edng nghiep lam giam tdng san lugng cay trdng Trong nang sua't va gia tang nhung dien tich canh tac giam da lam cho doanh thu tff trdng trgt cua ngudi dan san xua't ndng nghiep giam mdt each rd ret ddng chuyen di da giam dang ke da cd them nhiiu viee lam d dja phudng V i viee lam, sd hd Ymh doanh tang dot bien Sy tang len la mgt phan mat da't san xuat ndng nghiep nen phai chuyen sang nghi mdi va quan trgng hon la nhu cau djeh vu tai cac khu cdng nghiep tang cao V i nganh nghi phu, tarde nhffng bien ddi nhanh chdng eiJa sy chuyen djeh muc dich sff dung dat, san xua't ndng nghiep bj thu hep thi viee ngudi dan tim den nhffng nganh nghe phu cung la le tat yeu Diiu chffng td ngudi ndng dan kha nhay ben vdi nhffng sy thay ddi cua qua trinh cdng nghiep hda, hien dai hda da't nude thdi gian qua, Tac ddng den trinh hoc van, giao due: Ket qua nghien effu cho thay trinh hgc van d khu vyc dieu tra khao sat tang len dang ke so vdi trudc chuyen ddi da't ndng nghiep Diiu cd the dugc ly giai la cdng nghiep phat trien cung cd nghTa khoa hgc phat trien theo Ngugi lao ddng mudn duge lam viee cac khu edng nghiep can cd trinh hgc va'n va kien thffe khoa hgc - cdng nghe d mffc nha't djnh Do vay nhu cau hgc tap, dao tao nganh nghi cang gia tang tai cae dja phuong cd qua trinh chuydn ddi muc dich sff dung da't Ddng thdi, ed diiu kien kinh te va lam viec khu cdng nghiep, ngudi dan cOng nhan thffe dugc sy can thiet phai dau tu vao nang cao trinh hgc thUe cho cai Tac ddng den ddi sdng kinh te ndng hd: Ket qua nghien effu cho thay ddi sdng kinh te ndng hd tang len rd ret so vdi trudc chuyen ddi da't Diiu the hien d sy tdc xay dyng nha d kien ed va mua sam tai san cd gia trj Dien tich binh quan nha d cd giam di nhung di kem vdi nd la gia tri sff dung da't tang len mdt each dang ke Diiu chf ed the ly giai bdi viec xay dyng cac khu De viee quan ly dat sau chuyen ddi cdng nghiep va di kem vdi nd la cac cd sd tang cung duge cai thien, dudng tu da't ndng nghiep sang dat edng sa, giao thdng thuan Id khien gia trj da't nghiep duge hieu qua hdn, can phai: d, nha d tang len Hoan thien edng tac quy hoach, Tac ddng den dan sd, lao ddng va viec lam: Qua trinh chuyen ddi da't ndng nghiep sang da't cdng nghiep cung gay nhieu tac dgng den tinh hinh dan sd khu vyc Sd lao ddng chuyen den tang, day hau hit la lyc lugng edng nhan cua cac nha may xi nghiep, sd lao giai phdng mat bang, din bu de vUa dam bao dugc tien cua cac dy an, vUa dam bao minh bach, cdng bang, tranh hien tugng ngudi dan bat binh, khieu kien Tang cudng cdng tac td chUe khuyen ndng, phd bien ky thuat den Tdi nguyen v d Mdi trudng | Ky - Thang 11/2010 ngudi dan Thudng xuyen hd trg dau tu san xuat ndng de tang nang sua't va tan dung tdi da dien tich da't ndng nghiep edn lai sau chuyen ddi Dae biet chff trgng den dau tu day nghe cho ngudi dan, nhat la nhffng ddi tugng bj ma't hoan toan da't ndng nghiep, chuyen sang nghe khac Quan tam hdn nffa den va'n d i moi tn/dng sinh hoat va mdi trudng san xua't, Day cung la khia canh can dugc nghien cffu sau hon de cd nhffng danh gia sau sac ve tac ddng eua viec chuyen ddi da't ndng nghiep sang da't cdng nghiep den mdi tardng sinh hoat va mdi trudng san xua't TAI LIEU THAM KHAO Bao cao quy hoach, ke hoach sir dung dat huyen Binh Giang giai doan 1998-2010 Vu Thj Binh, Giao trinh Quy hoach phat then ndng thdn, Nxb Ndng nghiep H 2006 Nghi dinh so 197/2004/ND-CP 03/12/2004 ve bdi thudng, ho trg va tai dinh cu Nha nude thu hdi dat vi muc dich an ninh, qudc phdng, Igi ich qudc gia, Igi ich cdng cdng Nguyin Qudc Hung, Doi mdi chinh sach ve chuyen doi muc dich sir dung dat dai qua trinh cdng nghiep hoa dd thi hoa d Viet Nam, Nxb Chinh tri Qudc gia, H 2006 Ld Du Phong, Thu nhap,ddi sdng, viec lam cua ngudi ed da't bi thu hdi de xay dyng cac khu cdng nghiep, khu dd thi,ket cau tang kinh te -xa hdi, cac cdng trinh cdng edng phuc vu Igi ich qudc gia, NXB Chinh trj qudc gia, H.2007.'B