Nghien ciiu Gia d i n h va G i i So - Di cir hon nhan Viet Nam - Han Quoc: nhufng van 0efiatra Le Thj Quy Trirdng Dai hoc Khoa hoc Xa hoi va Nhan van, Dai hoc Quoc gia Ha Noi Tom t a t : Van de hon nhan co ye'u to' nU6c ngoai la dieu binh thUdng, dUdc phap luat Viet Nam thCra nhan va bao ve, song hien co nhieu van de sinh tii cac cuoc hon nhan Tii cac nguon tai lieu san co, bai "vie't tap trung xem xet thUc trang van de ket hon giiia phu nii Viet Nam lay chong Han Quo'c va nhiing van de dat v6i cuoc song hon nhan ciia cac cap vd chong Viet - Han, ciing nhU cac hoat dong ho trd hien cho nhiing cuoc hon nhan Tac gia ciing cho r i n g de dam bao dUdc vai tro va kha nang xay dUng gia dinh ciia cac cap vd chong quo'c te thiic hien cac chQc nang kinh te, xa hoi, chinh tri, thoa man tinh cam, giao due cin hu6ng tdi muc tieu mang lai sU hoa nhap cho cac co dau nUdc ngoai vao xa hoi, ciing nhU thie't lap cac hoat dong ho trd va co sii dieu chinh chinh sach tii ca hai phia Viet Nam va Han Quo'c Txi k h o a : Hen nhan; Phu nii lay chong nU6c ngoai; Hon nhan Viet Nam - Han Quo'c Hon nhan Viet Nam - Han Quoc Di cu lay chong nudc ngoai, dudng cua nhieu co gai nong thdn Viet Nam hien nay, dudng di cu hgp phap kit hdn vdi ngudi nudc ngoai, dae biet la Dai Loan, Han Qud'c dang phat trien manh Theo Le Thi Quy 17 thd'ng ke, tii nam 1995-2007 cd khoang 180.000 ngudi Viet Nam kit hdn vdi ngudi cua 60 nudc dd phu nQ chie'm tdi 80% (Tdng cue Thdng ke, 2008) Trong ba nam gan day (2005 - 2007) cd gin 32.000 phu nir Viet Nam lay chdng nudc ngoai, phan ldn lay chdng Trung Qud'c, Dai Loan, Han Qud'c Thdi gian dau, sd phu nir lay chdng Dai Loan rat cao nhung nhirng nam sau dd, sd phu nir lay chdng Han Qud'c tang vgt Theo Cue Thd'ng ke Han Qud'c, vdng nam qua, ty le kit hdn vdi ngudi nudc ngoai ciia Han Qud'c tang len ba lan, dd ty le dan dng Han Qud'c lay vg Viet Nam tang den 43 Ian, nam 2001 la 134 ngudi, den nam 2005 la 5.822 ngudi (Korean Times) Theo mdt nghien cihi ciia Philipine thi giQa nam 1989-1999 han 175,000 ngudi Philipine dd 91% la phu nu da dang ky hdn nhan vdi nudc ngoai (APMM, 2007) Han Qud'c cd 1.066.273 ngudi di cu, dd ngudi di cu kit hdn chilm 10,35% ma phfa ldn sd (88,1%) la phu nu (theo co quan thd'ng kd qud'c gia Han Qud'c, 2007) Nam 2008, theo bao cao cua Bd Binh dang gidi Han Qud'c, nam gan day, so nam gidi Han Qud'c kit hdn vdi ngudi nudc ngoai tang gap Ian Nam 2007, cQ 100 nam gidi thi cd ngudi lap gia dinh vdi ngudi nudc ngoai O nhQng khu vuc ndng thdn, so cdn cd the tang len tdi 3040% Vao nam 2006, sd nhQng ndng dan da kit hdn, cd 40% (3.500) ngudi kit hdn vdi phu nQ nudc ngoai Theo bao cao nay, nhQng ngudi ndng dan khd cd the tim dugc nhQng ngudi vg dia phuong Vao nam 2007, sd phu nQ nhap cu vao Han Qud'c da tang tdi 130.000 ngudi (phu nQ Philipine khoang 7.601 chiem 5,8%, Trung Qud'c la 52.000 ngudi chilm 40% va phu nQ Viet Nam la 20,942 ngudi chiem 16%) (Mary Lou L.AIcid, 2008) Thdng ke sa bd ciia Hgi Lien hiep Phu nQ Viet Nam cung cho tha'y, tQ nam 1996 din nay, Viet Nam da phat hien dugc hang chuc ngan phu nQ va tre em bi budn ban qua bien gidi dudi hinh thiic mdi gidi hdn nhan (Tintuc online, 7/10/2006) Theo bao cao ciia Vien nghien cuu Phap ly, Bg Tu phap Viet Nam (2003) thi nam 2003, cac cap Viet - Dai, Viet - Han chie'm 90% tdng sd 13.777 ngudi cd hdn nhan vdi nudc ngoai, dd Viet - Han chiem 10% vdi 1.400 trudng hgp Nam 2004, cac cap Viet - Dai, Viet - Han chilm 95% tdng sd 13.427 ngudi cd hdn nhan vdi nudc ngoai, dd Viet - Han chilm 20% vdi han 2.000 trudng hgp NhQng dia phuang cd nhilu phu nQ lay chdng Han Qud'c, Dai Loan la An Giang, Ddng Thap, CSn Tha (phia Nam) va Hai Phdng, Quang Nghien ciifu Gia dinh va Gidi Quyen 20, so 5, tr 16-25 Ninh (phia BSc) Tham chi, cd nhQng dia phuang cd tdi 80% phu nu tre la'y chdng nen dugc dat ten la "Lang Dai Loan", " Lang Han Qud'c" Ben canh dd van tdn tai dudng di cu (phan ldn la ba't hgp phap) cua phu nQ Viet Nam sang la'y chdng Trung Qud'c tQ nhirng nam 1990 Di cu kit hdn thudng la nhirng phu nQ d cac qud'c gia dang phat trien tdi nhirng qud'c gia phat trien Hien tugng cd nhQng Iy mang tinh toan ciu Vao dSu thap nien 90, hdn nhan giQa nam gidi Han Qud'c va phu nu nudc ngoai da dugc bat dau vdi mdt chuang trinh ciia chinh phu Han Qud'c nham phuc hdi cdng ddng ndng thdn Phu nQ ndng thdn Han Qud'c rdi bd que huong den lam viec nhirng khu kinh te cdng nghiep, de lai dang sau la nhQng ngudi dan dng Hdn nhan giQa nam gidi Han Qud'c va phu nQ Trung Qud'c dugc Chinh phu va chinh quyln dia phuong khuyin khich Vao nam 2000, nhQng qud'c gia d Ddng Nam A nhu Philipine va Viet Nam bat dau ndi len nhu nhQng qud'c gia cung ca'p ngudn cd dau nudc ngoai Iy tudng Mdt nha nghidn cQu Han Qud'c, Song Hyang Suk cho rang, xu hudng kit hdn hien tai giQa nam gidi Han Qud'c vdi phu nu nudc ngoai la "ty Ie gidi tinh meo md", ty le sinh d Han Qud'c la 116 nam va 100 nQ; va cung sd thich ciia phu nQ Han Qud'c thich "su tu ca nhan thdng qua nghi nghiep" va he qua la viec giam so phu nQ mong mudn kit hdn, nhQng gia tri truyin thd'ng ciia nam gidi Han Qud'c van dugc nhan manh la "trach nhiem lap gia dinh, sinh va trg ca'p cho cha me" Mat khae, mdt so nam gidi Han Qud'c ba't lgi vl hinh thQc, vl kinh tlhoac xa hgi khiln hg khdng the tim dugc nhiJng ngudi phu nQ Han Qud'c nhu mong mud'n Thdng qua nhQng ngudi mdi gidi hdn nhan, nhQng mang ludi xa hdi, hg da hudng sir chii y tdi phu nQ Ddng Nam A ngheo hon, cd hoan canh khd khan hon, nhQng ngudi cd the thuc hien vai trd tai san xua't mang dae trung gidi truyin thdng: "d nhd, ciidm soc cdi vd ldm viec nhd " (Mary Lou L Alcid, 2008 ) Cung nhu vay, cac cd gai Viet Nam la'y chdng Han Qud'c thudng ra't ngheo, ho tha't righiep hoac lam nghi ndng va hg ra't tre, thudng chi trdn dudi 20 tudi, hau hit chua lap gia dinh Phan Idn cac cd gai cd trinh hoc va'n trung binh Trong dd, nhung ngudi chdng Han Qud'c thudng nhieu tudi Hg la nhQng ngudi lam cac nghi nhu: ndng, lam, ngu nghiep, bd'c vac, lai xe taxi, sQa xe d td Nhieu ngudi da Iy di hoac cd ngudi bi tan tat Tinh trang kinh t l cua hg d mQc trung binh hoac ngheo Dilu khie'n cho nhilu cd dau Viet Nam cam tha'y tha't vgng Le Thi Quy 19 Tinh trang moi gidi hon nhan Hien nay, bdi canh hdi nhap toan cau, va'n dl hdn nhan cd ylu td nudc ngoai la dilu ta't ylu va dugc phap luat Viet Nam thQa nhan va bao ve Quan he hdn nhan chinh dang can dugc khich le dua tren co sd binh dang, cd tinh yeu that su va xay dung gia dinh hanh phuc Cac cugc hdn nhan dang la mot cau nd'i tinh hQu nghi va giao luu van hoa giQa cac nudc Tuy nhien, thuc tida cd nhilu cugc kit hdn khdng hi tuan theo nhung yeu td quan dd Dilu dang lo ngai la mdt sd phu nQ Viet Nam khdng cd muc dich rd rang hdn nhan ma chi mong dugc ddi ddi Hg chi hieu dan gian la cu budc chan qua bien gidi thi hg se lay dugc ngudi chdng giau va trd nen giau cd Hg se cd cugc sd'ng nhan, dugc chilu chudng, hanh phuc tham chi cd tiln tich luy de giii vl giiip dd gia dinh Nhung hg khdng dii thdng tin vl nai de'n cung nhu khdng hieu dugc nhihig khd khan, nguy hiem se phai duong dau NhQng nam gan day, ra't nhilu phu nQ Viet Nam la'y chdng nudc ngoai chil yeu thdng qua dich vu mdi gidi hdn nhan Tuy nhien, cac dich vu da lam viec khdng dung nhu mong dgi, tham chi cd mgt sd td chQc budn ban phu nQ tra hinh Thii doan cua hg la IQa gat phu nQ bang hinh anh nhQng ngudi dan dng Han Qud'c khoe manh, dep trai, giau tinh cam va giau cd Hg ve cugc sdng no dii tai Han Qud'c Trdn thuc te cung cd mdt so cd gai may man gap dugc ngudi cd nhu cau la'y vg thuc su va mong mudn xay dung cugc sdng gia dinh, nen cd dau Viet Nam da cd mdt cugc sd'ng dm a d Han Qud'c Tuy nhien cung cd khdng it phu nQ da bi IQa gat, ep budc phai la'y nhQng ngudi chdng khdng phu hgp, tan tat, mac benh than kinh va kit cue la mot cugc sd'ng ca cue, va't va Mdt sd la nan nhan cua bao lire gia dinh, tham chi cd ngudi bi chdng gilt chit Cac td chQc mdi gidi hdn nhan thudng cd su kit hgp giua Viet Nam va Han Qud'c Nhilu ngudi Han Qud'c mdc ndi vdi cac nhdm mdi gidi d Viet Nam td chQc cac cugc "tuyen vg" dai tra Ngay 9/4/2007, Cdng an quan Tan Binh, phd Hd Chi Minh da kham pha mot dudng day mdi gidi hdn nhan ba't hgp phap cho 118 cd gai d phudng 10 Khi cdng an ap de'n vao can nha, hg tha'y 118 cd gai tre que d cac tinh miin Tay dang diing lam mfiu cho ngudi dan dng Han Qud'c tuyen chgn lam vg Cd it nhat 20 chu mdi gidi da cung cfip cac cd gai Viet din day (Viet bao.vn, 10/4/2007) Din nay, cac vu mua vg kieu vin tiep tuc diln va mdt sd vu bi kham pha nam 2008, 2009 Rd rang la nhung ke budn ngudi da lgi dung chinh sach cua nha nudc 20 Nghien curu Gia dinh va Gidi Quyen 20, so 5, tr 16-25 Viet Nam de hanh nghi Chi sau din tufin, nhQng cd gai dugc tuyen chgn se dugc td chQc dam cudi Dam cudi cd the cd mat hoac vSng mat chii re Nha gai cd the nhan dugc mgt sd tiln hd trg hoac phai ddng mdt sd tiln ggi la " phi la'y chdng" Hon nhan Viet - Han: Nhufng van de dat Cuoc sd'ng ciia cac cap vg chong Viet - Han Di cu kit hdn da lam anh hudng den cac gia dinh cua cac cd gai Viec kit hdn nhanh chdng khie'n cd dau khdng kip cd su chuan bi Trong dd, nhQng va'n dl ma phu nQ di cu kit hdn phai ddi mat la hit sQc nghiem trgng va phiic tap Dd la nhiing khae biet vl van hda, luat phap, phong tuc tap quan, an ud'ng, ngdn ngQ va ldi sd'ng Nhilu cap vg chdng khdng cd tinh yeu, chi sd'ng theo nghTa vu va sinh Nhirng ba't hoa phan Idn xua't phat tu nguyen nhan tai chinh Nhilu cd dau (phan Idn d phia Bac), phai nop mdt mdn tiln Idn cho ke mdi gidi nen cd gdng la'y lai tiln tQ chdng minh de gui vl que cho cha me tra ng Ngudi chdng cho rang vg minh kit hdn chi vi tiln nen ra't ba't man Ho lo ngai ngudi vg cd the bd trdn nen khdng cho vg giQ tiln va khdng mud'n cho vg tilp xue nhieu vdi ben ngoai Mau thuin cang trd nen sau sSc hg khdng hieu ngdn ngQ cua Cac md'i quan he giua cd dau ngoai qud'c vdi gia dinh chdng, dae biet la me chdng cung khdng dl dang phong tuc khae biet giua hai nudc da lam cugc sd'ng ciia cap vg chdng them nang nl Thuc te da cho tha'y nhQng ngudi dan dng Han Qud'c la'y vg nudc ngoai cQng ra't ban rdn kiem sd'ng Qua cac trung tam mdi gidi, hg chi biit lo ma vl ngudi vg tuong lai ciia minh Cd nhilu ngudi mud'n ndi rd hoan canh cua minh cho dd'i tugng minh mud'n cudi vl lam vg, song cac trung tam mdi gidi va ngudi thdng dich chi mong mudn kit thuc cdng viec va kiem dugc tiln nhanh nha't, nen khdng cho cac cd dau biet dfiy dii thdng tin vl nhQng ngudi chdng Han tuang lai Chinh vi vay sang den Han Qud'c, nhilu cd gai Viet thudng vd mdng vi tha'y ring mgi thQ khdng nhu minh mong mudn hoac nhu ngudi mdi gidi hQa hen Dudng nhu nln kinh te thi trudng cang phat trien thi viec kit hdn cang rut ngan thdi gian va tinh cam Ngudi ta cha'p nhan viec tinh toan tiln nong, hoan canh gia dinh, hoan canh da't nudc hon la xem xet ban cha't cua hdn nhan, tim hieu vl nhan each sdng, vl tinh yeu va nhQng dilu kien co ban cua mdt cuoc hdn nhan lanh manh Viec ngudi dan dng xua't phat tQ nhQng nudc giau hon da khien cd nhilu lgi thi va cang khiing dinh dang Le Thi Quy 21 ca'p vi tri dng chu cua Them nQa, chu nghia gia trudng cang tao su phan biet gidi sau sic cac gia dinh khae chung tdc Viec giQ tiln va giQ vg ciia mdt sd ngudi chdng Han Qud'c da khdng phu hgp vdi phong tuc cua ngudi Viet Phu nQ Viet Nam bi bd budc d nha nhu vay thudng cam tha'y bQc xiic, cd dan Mgt sd ngudi da bd trdn ngoai de di lam kilm tiln, khdng mud'n bi phu thudc va dugc tu Nhu vay, mac du dugc sang nudc giau han nhung khdng phai vl thi ma ta't ca phu nQ di cu cd hanh phuc va hoa nhap vdi xa hdi Han Qud'c Ngugc lai qua trinh gap ra't nhilu trd ngai Ben canh dd, viec nhap qud'c tich cho cac cd dau cQng khdng dan gian Cac cd phai thi dau ky thi "Nhap qud'c tich", phai hoc it nha't 200 gid ciia "Chuang trinh hdi nhap xa hdi" 17 thang, mdi tuan tie'ng (Ahn Kyong Hwan, 2009) Va'n dl viec lam, va'n dl lai va viec giao due chung ca hai ngdn ngQ va nln van hoa cung gap ra't nhilu khd khan Thi he se la cau ndi cho tinh hiiu nghi va giao luu van hoa tuang lai cua hai nudc "thdng gia" Tuy nhien, va'ri dl hau nhu cdn bd ngd Nlu khdng giai quylt tdt cac van dl tren thi cugc sdng gia dinh cua cac cap vg chdng Viet - Han se khdng yen dn dfin tdi mgt sd trudng hgp xung dot, bao luc, ly hdn lam anh hudng din kit cfiu gia dinh hg Theo giao su Ahn Kyong Hwan, trudng dai hge Chosun, Han Qud'c thi sd vu ly hdn cua cac cap vg chdng qud'c te nam 2003 la 2.784 vu thi den nam 2007 da tang len la 8.348 vu (Ahn Kyong Hwan, 2009) Mot so' van de gia dinh da van hoa Pagaduan, nha nghien cQu nQ quyln ngudi Philipine cho rang "Ngdi nha va gia dinh nhu mgt ngi de thuc hien quyln dan chu, binh dang Su khuyen khich va phat trien nln van hoa dan chii phai dugc xem nhu la su ty thuc sy khdng chi vl mat luat phap ma ciia quyen phu nQ va quyln ngudi khae" (Pagaduan, 2008) Theo Kim Hyun Mee, nha nghien cQu nQ quyln Han Qud'c thi "Lugt iing ho gia dinh da vdn hod" nhfim "cung cdp cho nhttng ngUdi di cUket hon sU gido dtic nen tdng lich sic vd nhung nghi thdc truyen thd'ng Hdn Quo'c hon nhdn, vd nhiing dich vu chi ddn chdm soc cdi" Luat dinh rd bd'n budc ma nhung ngudi di cu kit hdn nen tuan theo, dd4a: Budc 1: hinh gia dinh; budc 2: mang bau va sinh con; budc 3: day dd cai va budc 4: tham nhap thi trudng lao dgng Ngudi phu nQ di cu ket hdn nao di theo bdn budc tren se dugc hudng nhQng phuc Igi xa hdi 22 Nghien ciiru Gia dinli va Gidi Quyen 20, so 5, tr 16-25 Luat ciing tap trung vao nhimg vai trd tai san xua't ciia ngudi phu nQ Kim nha'n manh: " nhdng gi md chinh phii Hdn Qude mudn ve mpt gia dinh da vdn hod Id gia dinh phdi dm tren nhvtng gid tri gia dinh truyen thdng, Id gid nguyen tinh gia trudng vd nhdn mgnh viec tdi sdn xudt Quan diem ndy cua chinh phu ve gia dinh da vdn hod thi khdc xa quan diem cung tdn tgi ciia nhieu nin vdn hod Id cdt ldi cua chii nghia da vdn hod ciia phu nU nudc ngodi vdi nhieng nen tdng vdn hod khdc nliau " (Mary Lou L.AIcid, 2008) Trong cac gia dinh da van hoa ngudi vg phai hge ngdn ngQ, phong tuc ciia chdng, hge each na'u an va tap an cac mdn an ciia chdng cdn ngudi chdng khdng can biet de'n ngdn ngu, van hoa va ca mdn an cua vg Con cai sinh chi theo van hoa, ngdn ngQ Han Qud'c ma khdng can biit van hoa cua me de minh Sy khie'm khuyet se la mam mdng ciia sy bat man dfin den xung dot gia dinh, xung dot van hoa Them nQa thai ky thi cua mdt sd ngudi dan la khdng tranh khdi Nhilu cd dau du da cd the cdng dan nhung vfin cam tha'y xa hdi Han Qud'c coi minh la "ngudi nudc ngoai" Sy cd dan gia dinh va ngoai cdng ddng ciia ngudi vg se anh hudng sau sfic de'n hanh phuc gia dinh va khai niem "da van hoa" khdng tdn tai va ngudi vg phai hy sinh van hoa cua minh de hoa nhap vdi xa hdi cua chdng Mat khae, ngdn ngQ ba't ddng da can trd dang ke nhQng ngudi vg Viet Nam linh vyc tiep can thdng tin, viec lam, cham sdc sQc khoe, phuc Igi xa hdi va phap luat Cac hoat dgng hd trg Cac can thiep cap qud'c gia va khu vyc dd'i vdi tinh trang di cu hdn nhan va budn ban ngudi hien chii yeu tap trung vao cac hoat ddng ngan chan budn ban phy nQ, dilu tra, xet xir tdi pham Phia Viet Nam cdn lung tung trudc hien tugng di cu kit hdn ao at tai nhilu dia phuong Luat Hdn nhan va Gia dinh nam 1986, Chuang vl "Quan he hdn nhan vi gia dinh cua cdng dan Viet Nam vdi ngudi nudc ngoai" chi cd dilu, Viet Nam chua cd Luat ridng vl chd'ng budn ban ngudi Tinh hinh dd da khie'n cho viec quan Iy hdn nhan cd ylu td nudc ngoai gap khd khan Chang han, chi sau vai ngay, ngudi nudc ngoai cd the lam thu tuc dang ky kit hdn vdi ngudi Viet Nam mdt each dl dang khdng bi rang budc vl cac ylu td tdi thieu va ca ban nhu tinh yeu, ngdn ngQ, sy am hieu vl vg va gia dinh vg Le Thi Quy 23 Hdi Liln hiep phu nQ Viet Nam phd'i hgp vdi td chQc Di cu qud'c t l (lOM) bat dau cd cac chuong trinh hd trg cd dau lay chdng nudc ngoai, mdi gidi hdn nhan cho ho theo dudng hgp phap, day na'u an, day Qng xis Tuy nhidn, cac chuong trinh chua dugc md rdng Hien tai, d nhilu dia phuang chua cd nhQng chuang trinh hd trg phy nu di cu kit hdn phu hgp Mdt sd cd gai gap khd khan cung khdng biit tim din co quan nao de xin tu va'n va giup dd Mdt sd dia phuong cung mdi chi ban hanh quy che tam thdi, tao dilu kien thuan Igi cho cac nan nhan trd vl doan tu ciing gia dinh, tai hoa nhap cdng ddng sau bi IQa ban hoac gap khd khan cugc sd'ng vdi chdng nudc ngoai nhung cdn viec tao dilu kien, giup dd, chuan bi cho cd dau Viet Nam hoa nhap vdi xa hgi Han Qud'c thi cdn it dugc quan tam Trong dd, cac chuang trinh truyin thdng vl va'n dl cdn ra't han che, chua thyc sy giup nang cad nhan thQc cua phu nQ, dae biet la nhQng phy nu d ndng thdn, vung sau, vung xa VI phia Han Qud'c da cd nhilu hoat ddng trg giup cac cd dau nudc ngoai dd cd cd dau Viet Nam nhu lap cac trung tam hd trg cd dau nudc ngoai tai Han Qud'c, cac chuang trinh chdng bao lyc gia dinh cac gia dinh qud'c tl, chuong trinh dua mdt sd cap vg chdng hanh phuc vl Viet Nam tham gia dinh vg de hai ben hieu biet va thdng cam han Nhirng hoat ddng da cd tac dyng thiet thyc thuc day cho viec hoa nhap cd dau Viet Nam vdi xa hdi Han Qud'c, cung nhu giup vun dfip cho hanh phuc cua hg Tuy nhien, cac hoat ddng vfin chua dap Qng dugc nhu cau thyc tl, dae biet la thilu sy hgp tac giQa hai nudc Mot so y kie'n Thyc trang va'n dl kit hdn giQa cd dau Viet Nam la'y chdng Han Qud'c, vai trd va kha nang xay dyng gia dinh cua cac cap vg chdng qud'c te vdi cac chQc nang kinh tl, xa hgi, chinh tri, thoa man tinh cam, giao dye va xa hdi hoa can hudng tdi myc tieu mang lai sy hoa nhap ciia cac cd dau nudc ngoai vao xa hdi Han Qude ma vfin giQ dugc ban sfic dan tdc NhQng nha nghien cQu va hoat ddng xa hoi Han Qud'c Viet Nam can cd cac nghien ciiu va hanh ddng de giup chinh phii xem xet cac chinh sach vl chu nghia da van hoa vdi myc dich img hd quyln ca nhan cua nhiing ngudi phu nQ di cu kit hdn Tinh hinh tren cho tha'y sy cSn thiet lap mang ludi nghien ciiu va hanh dgng qud'c t l vl va'n dl di cu va hdn nhan giua Viet Nam va Han Qud'c nham cai thien luat phap hai nudc, bao ve cho hdn nhan phu nQ dugc 24 Nghien cQu Gia dinh va Gidi Quyen 20, so 5, tr 16-25 an toan, tdn trgng van hoa hai nudc va phdng chd'ng budn ban ngudi Trach nhiem cua ca hai nudc cfin dugc dat rd rang va khoa hge hem Dd la viec xay dyng nhQng chinh sach phu hgp vdi tQng nudc, xay dung cac thoa thuan qud'c t l tich cyc de bao dam tinh cha't td't dep ciia hdn nhan qud'c tl Chang han, phia Viet Nam can sua ddi va bd sung Luat Hdn nhan va gia dinh, tang cudng cac hoat ddng tuyen truyin cho nhQng ngudi cd y dinh la'y chdng Han Qud'c, lap nhQng trung tam tu va'n hdn nhan, nhQng Idp hoc ngdn ngQ va cung ca'p nhQng hieu biet vl da't nudc va ngudi Han Qud'c, nhung khd khan ma cd dau cd the gap phai giup ho nhQng ky nang sd'ng va nhQng each thich Qng td't nhat vl lam dau, giup hg bie't dugc dia chi cua cac td chQc hd trg hg gap khd khan Phia Han Qud'c can cd nhung hoat ddng tuyin thdng cho nhQng ngudi chdng vl cac quan niem vl hdn nhan dung dfin, binh dang gidi, phdng chdng bao lyc gia dinh, can thiep vao cac hoat ddng nhap qud'c tich, chdng ky thi cac cd dau va cai ho, day tieng Viet va van hoa Viet cho tre lai Thanh lap nhQng trung tam giup dd phy nQ hg gap nhung khd khan, bao ve nan nhan nhQng trudng hgp ngugc dai, bao lyc Ngudi chdng cfin cd nhiing hieu biet va tdn trgng ngudi ban ddi, gia dinh ho va van hoa Viet Nam Tidi gian qua da cd mot sd Hdi thao vl va'n dl di cu va hdn nhan dugc td chQc d Viet Nam va Han Qud'c Chang han nhu Hdi thao "Di cu va hdn nhan d chau A" td chQc Con dudng mdi cua chau A (ARENA) phdi hgfp vdi Trung tam nghien ctru Gidi va Phat trien, trudng Dai hge Khoa hoc xa hgi va Nhan van td chQc nam 2007 Hoi thao da dat nhQng van dl Iy luan va thyc tiln cho hien tugng khu "vyc hoa hdn nhan qud'c t l dd cd va'n dl hdn nhan giQa Viet Nam va Han Qud'c va cac bien phap giai quye't (Dinh Van Quang, 2007) Day la mdt va'n dl dugc nhilu trudng dai hoc, cac td chQc chinh tri, xa hoi quan tam Viec trao ddi kinh nghiem, kie'n thQc va nghien cQu, hanh dong giQa hai nudc la ra't cfin thiet Hgp tac qud'c t l va phd'i hgp hanh ddng viec giup dd phy nQ va nam gidi kit hdn vdi ngudi nudc ngoai da bat dfiu phat trien va cd tac ddng gdp phan cung cd cac gia dinh Viet Han dn dinh, hanh phuc, bin vQng va trd cau nd'i van hoa giQa hai nudc • Cac nghien cQu cung can lam rd sd lugng va cac hinh thQc hoat ddng ciia cac td chQc mdi gidi nudc va qud'c tl, hau qua cua cac hoat ddng mdi gidi, budn ban phy nQ ddi vdi gia dinh, xa hgi va ban than ngudi phy nQ Vl phuang dien can dae biet quan tam din van dl quan ly nha nudc vdi cac cugc hdn nhan qud'c te, hoat ddng cua cac td chQc chinh tri xa hdi Le Thi Quy 25 dae biet la Hgi Lien hiep phu nQ Viet Nam, td chQc Di cu qud'c te, hoat ddng ciia chinh quyln dia phuong va cac td chQc doan the tryc thudc viec trg giup cac cd dau lay chdng nudc ngoai va gia dinh hg Hdn nhan qud'c t l khdng chi la van d l gia dinh ma cdn lien quan den cac vfin d l chinh tri, kinh tl, xa hdi, van hoa, ngoai giao Bdi vay, chung ta cfin phai cd nhQng giai phap ddng bo vl cac van d l Chfing han, nhQng giai phap vl chinh sach cua nha nudc, nhQng giai phap vl ca c h i thyc hien, nhQng giai phap tQ phia cac gia dinh, ban than ngudi phu nQ va nhung giai phap qud'c te Chi cd nhu vay chung ta mdi cd the khdng de cho van d l hdn nhan qud'c t i t r d mgt mdt mdi lo ngai vl sy bat dn xa hdi ma cdn trd chile cau ndi cho sy hieu biit Ifin nhau, giao luu van hoa va tinh hiru nghi giQa cac dan tdc.B Tai lieu tham khao Ahn Kyong Hwan 2009 "Hon nhan quo'c te Viet - Han, van de va giai phap" Tgp chi Xd hgi hge 1/2009 APMM 2007 Foreign Brides Research: Psycho-social Profile and Perspectives of Foreign Brides" published by Asia Pacific Mission for Migrants Dinh Van Quang 2007 Y6'u to van hoa viec lay chong nudc ngoai cua phu nii' Viet Nam, Bao cao tai hoi nghi "Di cu va hon nhan d chau A" to chiic Con dudng mdi cua chau A (ARENA) phdi hgp vdi Trung tam nghien ciiu Gidi va Phat trien, trudng Dai hpc Khoa hoc xa hoi va Nhan van td chQc nam 2007 Jioung Lee An 2008 Resistan to "Intergration Marriage Migrants: Implication to the Debate and Practice on Citizenship" Paper in the Forum "Happily Ever After? Different Tales of Women Marriage Migrant: A Forum on Policy Interventions and Support Services for Women Marriage Migrant" in Malia, October 24 Le Thi Quy 2008 "Situation of Marriage Migrant Women in Vietnam" Korean Jounal of Rural Welfare Studies, December, 2008 Mary Lou L.AIcid 2008 "Migration of Filipino Women for Marriage to Korean Men - Critical Issues and Challenges to Social Work" Korean lounal of Rural Welfare Studies, December Pagaduan Maureen 2008 Researh Fellow, ARMMNet, Quotation froma press release of ARMMNet, October 22 Tong cue Thdng ke, sd lieu nam 2008 Tintuc online, 7/10/2006 TTXVN 118 CO gai cho xem mat de la'y chong Han Quoc, hUp://vietbao.vn/Anninh-Phap-luat/118-co-gai-cho-xem-mat-de-lay-chong-HanQuoc/70082500/218/ Vien nghien cuai Phap ly Bo Tu phap 2003 Du an dieu tra co ban tinh hinh phu nii Viet Nam ket hon vdi ngudi nudc ngoai (Dai Loan, Han Quoc, Trung Quo'c) ... cao cua Bd Binh dang gidi Han Qud'c, nam gan day, so nam gidi Han Qud'c kit hdn vdi ngudi nudc ngoai tang gap Ian Nam 2007, cQ 100 nam gidi thi cd ngudi lap gia dinh vdi ngudi nudc ngoai O nhQng... lire gia dinh, tham chi cd ngudi bi chdng gilt chit Cac td chQc mdi gidi hdn nhan thudng cd su kit hgp giua Viet Nam va Han Qud'c Nhilu ngudi Han Qud'c mdc ndi vdi cac nhdm mdi gidi d Viet Nam td... Hdn nhan va Gia dinh nam 1986, Chuang vl "Quan he hdn nhan vi gia dinh cua cdng dan Viet Nam vdi ngudi nudc ngoai" chi cd dilu, Viet Nam chua cd Luat ridng vl chd'ng budn ban ngudi Tinh hinh dd