TRIET HOC, SO (219), THANG - 2009 TRACH NHIEM XA HOI CUA DOANH NGHIEP VA THUC TIEN VAN DUNG VIET NAM HIEN NAY IRAN ANH PHl/ONGn Nhung nam gin day, ciing vdi su phat then manh me cua cac doanh nghiep va dpi ngii doanh nhan Vict Nam, da cd kha nhieu y kien thong qua cac cupe hpi thao hoac cac bai viel dang tai trcn cac phuong lien bao chi cung ban vc khai niem "Trach nhiem xa hpi cua dpanh nghiep" Hai viel ban gdp Ihcm vc lihai niem dd vii lien he vdi thuc tidn van dung d Viet Nam hien The nao la trach nhiem xa hpi cua doanh nghiep? Da cd nhidu each dinh nghia ciia cac hpc gia khac ve Trach nhiem xa hdi cua doanh nghiep (Corporate Social Responsibility, viet t i t la CSR) Ching ban, tu nam 1973, Keith Davis da dua mdt khai niem kha rpng: "CSR la su quan tam va phan ling ciia doanh nghiep vdi cac van de vugt ngoai vice thoa man nhiing yeu cau phap ly, kinh te, cdng nghe" Trong dd, Archie Carroll (1999) cdn cho ring, CSR cd pham vi rpng Idn hon: "CRS bao gdm su mong dgi cua xa hdi vd kinh td, luat phap, dao diic va Idng tii thien ddi vdi cac td chiic tai mdt thdi diem nha't dinh" Matten va Moon (2004) lai cho r i n g , "CSR la mdt khai niem chiim, bao gdm nhidu khai niem khac nhau, nhu dao diic kinh doanh, doanh nghiep la tii thien, cdng dan doanh nghiep, tinh ben vung va trach nhiem mdi trudng Dd la mdt khai niem ddng va ludn dugc thii thach tiing bdi canh kinh tc, chinh tri, xa hdi dac thii" Trong dd, theo Hdi ddng Doanh nghiep the gidi vi su phat trien ben viing, "CRS la su cam kdt viec ling xii hpp dao ly va ddng gdp vao su phat tridn kinh te, ddng thdi cai thien chat lugng cudc sd'ng ciia luc lugng lao ddng va gia dinh hp, cUng nhu ciia cdng ddng dia phuong va cua toin xa hpi ndi chung" Hay gin day, theo Nhdm phat tridn kinh te tu nhan ciia Ngan h i n g The gidi (WB), "CRS la su cam kdt ciia doanh nghiep ddng gdp cho viec phat trien kinh te ben viing, thdng qua nhiing viec lam nang cao chat lugng ddi sd'ng ciia ngudi lao ddng va cac vien gia dinh hp; cho cdng ddng va toan xa hdi, theo each cd Igi cho ca doanh nghiep ciing nhu phat trien chung ciia xa hdi" Mdi chi diem qua mdt so each dinh nghia tren day da cho thay, dii each the hien, hinh thiic didn dat ngdn tii cd khac nhau, song ndi ham phan anh ciia CSR vd ca ban deu cd diem chung la, ben canh nhiing lai ich phai then rieng cua tiing doanh nghiep phu hop vdi phap luat hien hanh thi deu phii gin ket vdi lai ich phit trien chung cua cdng ddng xa hdi Chinh vi the, theo chiing tdi, cd le dinh nghia ciia Nhdm phat trien kinh te tu nhan ciia WB ve CSR la hoan chinh, rd rang va dd hieu nha't, vi nd da de cap den trach nhiem xa hdi ciia doanh nghiep phai gin lien vdi van de phat trien ben viing - mdt yeu ciu khach quan, cap thiet, cd tinh toan ciu ciia su phat tridn hien Khi canh tranh thuong trudng cang khdc liet, nhiing yeu cau, ddi hdi tii khach hang cang cao va vay, xa hdi cd cai nhin cang k b i t khe hon ddi vdi doanh nghiep vd bdn phan, trach nhiem trudc cdng ddng, xa hpi thi cac doanh nghiep mudn phat tridn bdn viing phai ludn tuan thii khdng chi nhiing chuan muc vd bao dam san xuat - kinh doanh phai cd Igi (*) Tien si, Vu truong, Truong ban Kinh te - Xa hpi, Bao dien tii Dang Cpng san Viet Nam 23 TRAN ANH PHUONG nhuan, tham chi sieu Igi nhuan, ma cdn ca nhiing chuan muc vd bao ve mdi trudng thien nhien, mdi trudng lao ddng, vd thuc hien binh dang gidi, an toan lao ddng, quyen Igi lao ddng, quyen Igl dao tao va phat trien ciia nhan vien, gdp p h i n phat tridn cdng ddng, bao ham c i cic hoat ddng thuc hien an sinh xa hdi nhu nhan dao, tu thien, Didn giai cu the tat ca ndi dung tren vd CSR bdi canh hdi nhap kinh te qudc te hien nay, cd thd bleu nhu sau vd niii ham yeu ciu cua nd: - Trich nhiem vdi thi trudng va ngudi tieu diing; - Trach nhiem ve bio ve mdi trudng; - Trach nhiem vdi ngudi lao ddng - Trach nhiem chung vdi cdng ddng Nhu vay, ndi ham ciia CSR bao gdm nhieu khia canh lien quan den ung xii cua doanh nghiep ddi vol cac chii thd va ddi tugng cd lien quan qua trinh hoat ddng ciia doanh nghiep, tii ngudi s i n xua't, tiep thi, tieu thu, tieu diing den cac nha cung ling nguyen lieu, vat lieu tai chd; tii dpi ngii can bd, nhan vien cho ddn cac cd ddng ciia doanh nghiep Trong dd, cd ca trach nhiem vd bao ve tai nguyen, mdi trudng ma ve thuc chat, ciing la cd trach nhiem chung vdi Igi ich cdng ddng xa hpi, bao gdm ca nhung boat ddng nhan dao, tii thien, boat ddng ddng gdp cho su phat trien chung ciia da't nude Do vay, nhiing ngudi lanh dao doanh nghiep thdi phai la nhiing ngudi cd tam nhin xa, trdng rpng dd hudng tdi muc tieu boat ddng toan dien, khdng chi gidi han bdi thang du, \m nhuan kinh te don t h u i n Thudc cdng ciia hp b i t ngudn tu nhiing tac ddng ma hp tao dd'i vdi nhu ciu xa hdi Cac doanh nhan can tim kiem nhiing giai phap de thay ddi xa hdi theo chidu hudng cang tdt ban va ngugc lai, cac doanh nghiep ciia hp se cd nhiing didu kien de phat trien bdn viing han Lgi ich dai ban chii yeu ciia CSR la cho chinh ndi bd doanh nghiep, nhu cai thien quan he cdng vice, glim bdt 24 tai nan, giam ty le nhan vien thdi viec, tang nang s u i t lao ddng Ngoai ra, CSR cdn giiip nang cao uy tin ciia doanh nghiep quan he vdi khach hing va cac ddi tac, tao uu the canh tranh va thuan Igi vice keu gpi dau tu, dac biet la dau tu nude ngoai Thuc tidn cho thay, nhung doanh nghiep thuc hien tdt CSR se khdng thua thiet, ma thudng dat dugc nhiing lgi ich dang ke, bao gdm giam chi phi, tang doanh thu, tang gia tri thuong hieu, giam ty le nhan vien thdi viec, tang nang suit va them ca hdi tiep can nhiing thi trudng mdi Dien giai cu the hon, mdi doanh nghiep da t u quyet dinh mdt each tu nguyen vd thuc hien trach nhiem xa hpi ciia minh, thi ben canh nhiing ddng gdp, chi phi vi lgi ich cdng ddng xa hdi, duong nhien, hp cdn cd nhiing lgi ich rieng kinh doanh, thdng qua cac boat ddng ciia minh, dd la: - Bao ve thuong hieu khdng hi xa hpi chi trich; nang cao uy tin ciia s i n pham mot each ben viing; md rpng thi trudng va tao lap uu the vd gia ci; dugc tham gia cac chuong trinh dau tu phat tridn doanh nghiep vi trach nhiem xa hdi - Duy tri hoac ky them hgp ddng kinh te vdi cac ddi tac d i u tu, ban hang; co them didu kien dd md rpng quy md san xua't, hien dal hoa cdng nghe, tang nang s u i t va chat lugng s i n pham; tang viec lam, giam so cdng nhan bd viec; tang uy tin xa hpi de doanh nghiep cd kha nang canh tranh cao, dd dang boat ddng hon - Cd them didu kien vat chat de cai thien ddi sd'ng ngudi lao ddng Cu the la tang thu nhap, nang cao hon chat lupng cudc sdng va siic khdc cho ngudi lao ddng va gia dinh hp; hd trg ngudi lao ddng thuc hien tdt hon luat phap lao ddng va md rpng hon kha nang bao hidm y td, xa hpi cho hp C i n thay r i n g , nhan thiic vd CSR a cac ndn kinh te thi trudng phat trien hoac kha phat trien tren the gidi hien rd rang la khdng cdn mdi la, mac dii TRACH NHIEM XA 1101 CUA DOANH NGHIEP vA., thuc te, cho den nay, khdng phii bat cii doanh nghiep, doanh nhan nao, du d nhiing ndn kinh te phat trien nha't, nhu My, Nhat Bin, Diic, cung ddu cd thd thuc hien tdt CSR mpi luc, mpi noi nhiing tac ddng canh tranh quyet liet ciia quy luat gia tri, gia tri thang du va sieu lgi nhuan chi phdi Trong dd, dii CSR la khai niem mdi dugc du nhap vao Viet Nam khoang hon thap nien qua, song cang nhiing nam gin day, da cd khdng it doanh nghiep Viet Nam, de tao lap dugc thuong hieu viing ben va sang gia, hp khdng chi siic phat trien cang Idn hon vd quy md gia tri tai san, doanh thu, doanh lgi cd dugc sau mdi nam kinh doanh, ma cdn nd luc ddng gdp nhidu hon cho su phat trien chung ciia cdng ddng, xa hdi Bdi le, hg ddu hieu lam tdt va cang tdt hon trach nhiem xa hdi ddi vdi ciing ddng xa hdi ciing da la mdt nhung thudc ca ban de thuong hicu cac doanh nghiep nhd ma da sang lai cang sang hon va vay, dudng lim an ciia hp cang cd them thuan Igi, phat trien hon Do vay, thuc hien CSR cang dugc cac doanh nghiep, doanh nhan Viet Nam nhan thiic sau sic hon va coi dd la yeu cau ta't yeu, khach quan qua trinh hdi nhap Mac du vay, ca vd hpc thuat lan thuc tidn thd hien, cin thay day vin la van dd cdn kha mdi md ddi vdi khdng it cac doanh nghiep, doanh nhan d nude ta Tren thuc te, nhidu van de dugc van dung rat khac nhau, ma mdt nhiing nguyen nhan ca ban la chua cd dugc nhan thiic diing dan, thd'ng nha't vd ndi ham yeu ciu cua nd Chinh vi thd, tren thuc td, da cd doanh nghiep, doanh nhan chi lo s i n xua't, kinh doanh cho cd lgi nhuan cao, khdng chi giai quyet tdt van dd lgi ich cho doanh nghiep, cho ngudi lao ddng, ma cdn ddng gdp khdng it cho cac boat ddng nhan dao, tu thien xa hdi; the nhung hp van vi pham Luat Doanh nghiep, Luat Mdi trudng, hoac cd nhiing bidu hien vi pham phap luat khac Cd nhidu nguyen nhan cua tinh hinh nay, song trudc het la hp chua cd mdt nhan thiic diing din, khach quan, khoa hpc va nha't la chua cd dugc "cai tam", "cai diic" viec thuc hien trach nhiem xa hdi cua doanh nghiep (CSR) ddi vdi cdng ddng xa hpi Chinh vi the, tidn trinh nhan thiic ciia ngudi ve van de nay, mac dii cho den nay, khdng chi d Vict Nam, ma ca tren the gidi van chua hoan toan thd'ng nha't, tham chi vin cdn la chii de gay tranh cai tai nhieu cudc hdi thao, song cd le, hien tai, theo chiing tdi, chi it nen tam chap nhan vd mdt kieu dinh nghia khai niem CSR nhu da dupe Nhdm phat trien kinh te tu nhan ciia Ngan hang The gidi (WB) dua tren day Tinh hinh thuc hien trach nhiem xa hoi ciia doanh nghiep d Viet Nam Khai niem "Trach nhiem xa hdi ciia doanh nghiep" (CSR) da dugc truydn ba vao nude ta thdng qua hoat ddng ciia cac cdng ty da qudc gia dau tu nude ngoai vao Vict Nam Cac cdng ty thudng dua cac chuong trinh khuyen cao ling xii ve van boa kinh doanh dem ap dung vao cac dia ban d i u tu Vi du nhu "Chuong trinh tdi yeu Viet Nam" ciia cdng ty Honda Vietnam; "Chuong trinh giao due ve sinh ca nhan" cho cac trc em ciia cdng ty Unilever; "Chuong trinh dao tao tin hpc Topic 64" cua Microsoft, Qualcomm va HP; "Chuong trinh hd trg di tat tim bam sinh" va "Chuong trinh ling hd nan nhan vu sap cau Can Tha" ciia Vinacapitat, Samsung; "Chuong trinh khdi phuc thi luc cho tre em ngheo" ciia Western Union; Nhiing nam gin day, d nude ta da cd mdt sd doanh nghiep chii ddng thuc hien CSR va nhd dd, thuong hieu ciia hp cang dupe xa hdi biet ddn, nhu cac tap doan Mai Linh, Tan Tao, Duy Lgi, ACB, Sacombank, Kinh Do, Tii nam 2005, nude ta da cd giii thudng "CSR hudng tdi su phat trien bdn viing" dugc td chiic bdi Phdng Thuong mai va Cdng nghiep Viet Nam (VCCI), Bd Lao ddng - Thuong binh 25 TRAN ANH PHUONG va Xa hdi, Bd Cdng thuong ciing cac hiep hdi Da giay, Del may td chiic nham tdn vinh cic doanh nghiep thuc hien tdt cdng t i e CSR bdi canh hdi nhap Cho den nam 2006, da cd 50 doanh nghiep nganh det may va da giay tham du hoat ddng vi da nhan thay tinh thiet thuc ciia nd Khao sat Vien Khoa hpc Lao ddng va Xa hdi tien hanh gin day tren 24 doanh nghiep thudc hai n g i n h det may va da giay da chi ring, nhd thuc hien cac chuong trinh CSR, doanh thu ciia cac doanh nghiep da tang 25%, nang s u i t lao ddng cUng tang tii 34,2 len 35,8 trieu ddng/lao ddng/nam, ty le hang xuat khau tang tii 94% len 97% Ngoai hieu qua kinh td, cac doanh nghiep cdn cd lgi tii viec tao dung hinh anh vdi khach hang, su gin bd va h i i Idng ciia ngudi lao ddng, thu hiit lao ddng cd chuyen mdn cao, Gin day, Hdi nghi Doanh nhan tieu bidu toan qud'c nam 2008 dien hai 11 va 12/10/2008 da cd 100 doanh nhan Viet Nam tieu bidu dugc trao tang Clip Thanh Gidng - bleu tugng cho tinh t h i n , siic manh ciia doanh nhan Viet Nam thdi ky hdi nhap Ddng thdi, tai Le ky niem Ngay Doanh nhan Viet Nam (13/10/2008) Cling da cd 100 doanh nhan dugc trao tang danh hieu Doanh nhan Viet Nam tieu bicu nam 2008 Cac doanh nhan ciing vol cac doanh nghiep ciia hp, ben canh cac tich xua't sic san xua't - kinh doanh, hp cilng ddng thdi l i cac dien hinh thuc hien CSR ddi vdi cdng ddng xa hdi Trudc cac doanh nhan dai dien cho gin 300.000 doanh nghiep ca nude tham du Hdi nghi Doanh nhan tieu bleu toan qudc 2008, Thii tudng Chinh phii Nguyen Tin Dung da luu y cac doanh nhan, doanh nghiep phii nang cao hon nua trach nhiem xa hdi, coi dd la mdt muc tieu phan da'u van hda kinh doanh, tang cudng su'C canh tranh, tii dd ddng gdp nhidu hon niia cho da't nude Theo Thii tudng, cac doanh nghiep hay the hien trach nhiem xa hpi, thd hien van hda kinh doanh, dao diic kinh doanh bang viec tuan thii diing quy dinh 26 phap luat "Van hda kinh doanh khdng chap nhan su gian lan, khdng chip nhan vice gay d nhiem mdi trudng " Nhu vay, cd the thay, CSR cd su g i n ket chat che voi van hoa kinh doanh, van hoa doanh nghiep va nd ciing chinh l i van hoa doanh nhan ciia ta't ca cac doanh nhan tham gia vao cac boat ddng san xuat, kinh doanh tren thuong trudng Thuc tidn cho thay, thuc hien trach nhiem xa hdi ciia cac doanh n h i n Viet Nam thdi ky hpi nhap kinh te qud'c te hien va nhieu nam tdi cang dugc cac doanh nhan nude ta nhan thiic sau sic va dd Cling chinh la nhiing ddng gdp ciia cac doanh nghiep, doanh nhan vao viec phat trien kinh te ben viing, thdng qua nhiing boat ddng n h i m nang cao chat lupng ddi sdng ciia ngudi lao ddng va gia dinh hp, cd lgi cho ca doanh nghiep ciing nhu su phat trien chung cua cdng ddng xa hdi Thuc tidn cUng da cho thay, tien trinh hdi nhap kinh td toan cau, CSR da trd mdt nhiing yeu cau ddi vdi cac doanh nghiep Viet Nam, ndu doanh nghiep nao dd khdng tuan thii CSR se khdng the tiep can dugc vdi thi trudng the gidi Nhu da ncu tren, thuc hien tdt trach nhidm xa hpi se giiip nang cao uy tin ciia doanh nghiep, doanh nhan, tii dd se mang lai nhidu lgi nhuan kinh te va lgi ich chinh tri - xa hdi cho hp Tuy nhien, ciing khdng nen ddng nhat vice cii lam tii thien gidi da la thuc hien tdt trach nhiem xa hdi, cho dii lam tii thien la mdt hoat ddng the hien trach nhiem xa hdi ciia doanh nghiep Thuc te la da cd doanh nghiep tich cue lam tii thien, nhung van vi chay theo lgi nhuan ma vi pham phap luat, vi pham su phat trien bdn vung ciia cdng ddng xa hdi "Su kien Ve Dan" ciing mdt sd doanh nghiep khac d Ddng Nai da "diu ddc" sdng Thi Vai l i m huy hoai mdi trudng mdi diy l i mdt minh chiing dien hinh cho trudng hpp Dd la chua the ke het cdn biet bao trudng hgp khac nua "da bi Id" thi su da rdl, va chic r i n g cdn nhieu trudng hpp TRACH NHIEM XA HOI CUA DOANH NGHIEP VA "chua hi Id" da va dang vin xay tren da't nude Ngudi dan TP Hd Chi Minh den v i n dang biic xuc, lo ngai ve tinh trang d nhidm mdi trudng d cac khu cdng nghiep ciia phd, nhu cac khu cdng nghiep Le Minh Xuan, Tan Tao va cdn nhieu dia phuong khac niia ca nude cung dang lam vao tinh trang nhu vay Don nay, chua cd ca quan chiic nang nao cd the thdng ke diy dii sd cac doanh nghiep thidu trach nhiem xa hdi, thidu van hoa kinh doanh, dao diic kinh doanh nhu vay Td dd, cang cho thay tinh cap thiet ciia viec cin tang cudng de cao hon nua tinh tu giac, tham chi da den luc khdng chi dimg lai d y thiic tu giac nhan thiic va boat ddng cua mdi doanh nghipp, ma cin luat phap hoa van dd trach nhiem xa hdi cua doanh nghiep theo diing cac yeu cau da p h i n anh ndi ham ciia nd nhu da neu d p h i n thii nha't bai viet Tuy nhicn, ciing can thay rang, khai niem CSR cdn tuong ddi mdi d Viet Nam, vi vay, cho den nay, vide thuc hien nd van cdn ban chc Theo nghien ciiu mdi day ciia Ngan hang The gidi tai Viet Nam, rao can va thach thiic cho viec thuc hien CSR bao gdm: 1) Nhan thiic vd khai niem CSR cdn ban chd; 2) Nang s u i t hi anh hudng phai thuc hien ddng thdi nhidu bd quy tac ling xii COC (Code of Conduct); 3) Thieu ngudn tai chinh v i ky thuat dd thuc hien cac chuan muc CSR (dac biet la ddi vdi cac doanh nghiep nhd v i vua); 4) Su nhim lan khac biet giiia quy dinh ciia CSR va Bd luat Lao ddng; 5) Nhiing quy dinh nude anh hudng tdi viec thuc hien cac COC Didn giii cu thd hon vc mdt sd rao can, thich thiic dd nhu sau: - Trudc het, dd la su hidu biet ciia doanh nghiep vd CSR chua day dii Nhidu doanh nghiep chi hieu don thuan l i lam tii thien, ma chua bicu r i n g vice thuc hipn CSR la phai thd hien true tidp toan bd cac boat dpng san xuat, kinh doanh ciia cac doanh nghiep Vi thd, tren thuc te da cd khdng it doanh nghiep, mot mat, vin tham gia tich cue cac boat ddng nhan dao, tii thien, nhung mat khac, vin lao vao vdng quay lgi nhuan kinh doanh khdng lanh manh theo kieu budn ban long vdng, chup giat, tranh thii cac khe hd ciia co che, chinh sach thi trudng Nha nude ban hanh dd kiem Idi Tinh trang lgi dung thuong hieu ciia dd lam hang gia, hang nhai, hang kem chit lupng van phd bien d nude ta Dd la chua kd ddn tinh trang da cd nhidu doanh nghiep Idn, ke ca mdt sd tap doan nha nude da khdng chi Igi dung thuong hieu nha nude, ma cdn Igi dung ngan sach nha nude (thuc chat la chiem dung vd'n nha nude) dd kinh doanh, budn ban long vdng ca nhiing mat hang khdng diing chiic nang dugc giao, de thu ldi Idn thi dem chia chac ndi bd, cdn bi Id thi ngan sach nha nude phai ganh chiu - Thu hai, mdt rao can tac ddng bat lgi den vice thuc hien CSR la nhieu doanh nghiep bien bi thidu hut ngudn tai chinh va ky thuat dd thuc hien cac chuan muc CSR, dac biet la cac doanh nghiep nhd va viia, ma phin Idn doanh nghiep Vict Nam hien ddu la doanh nghiep nhd va vua - Thu ba, tinh phap ly ciia vice danh gia thuc hipn CSR d nude ta hien cdn nhidu ban che, bat cap Trdn thuc td, mac dii da dupe quy dinh theo cac quy tic ciia cac bd quy t i c ling xii COC va cac tieu chuan chc dinh khac, nhu SA8000, WRAl', ISO 14000, GRI , song cac tieu chuin lai khdng phai la thoa thuan giiia cac chinh phii hay quy dinh ciia cac cdng ude qudc te, ma thudng vin chi la rang budc giua cac nha xua't nhap khau hoac chinh cac doanh nghiep tu dat ra, vi the cdn thieu tinh phap dinh qud'c gia va cang thidu tinh phap dinh thdng le qud'c td Tii dd, ndu xiy cac vi pham, du sa y hay chii y dang tide nao dd, din den khieu kien thi rat khd phan xii Cho den nay, chiing ta da cd cac doanh nghipp s i n xua't sach: san x u i t rau sach, nudi trdng thuy san sach, s i n xua't than sach Nhung nhiing vice lam b i u nhu cdn mang nhidu tinh bit budc hoac la 27 TRAN ANH PHUONG tu phat hon la mdt vice lam tu nguyen, gin lien vdi boat ddng kinh doanh va hinh anh ciia doanh nghiep Dieu luu y niia, thdi quen tieu ddng v i nha't l i "till tidn" cdn ban hpp ciia da so ngudi tieu diing Viet Nam, nen thudng san pham sach ciia cac doanh nghiep chii yeu chi phuc vu cho cac ddi tugng khach hang tu t i n g Idp trung luu, kha gia trd len, nen lgi nhuan v i vdng quay lgi nhuan thu dugc cho cac doanh nghiep ndy ciing chua phii la hap d i n khien cho khdng phii b i t cii doanh nghiep nao cung cd the chuyen tam vio s i n xuat, kinh doanh cac s i n pham Dd la cdn chua ke ca biet da cd doanh nghiep sin xuat hoac sieu thi kinh doanh da lgi dung uy tin thuong hieu de dua c i hang "ban", hang nhai, hang gia vao dd ban l i n ciing hang sach cho ngudi tieu diing Bidu hien rd nhat gan day d nude ta vd tinh trang thieu trach nhiem xa hdi, thieu dao diic, van boa s i n xua't - kinh doanh cua khdng it cac doanh nghiep la da dd xay hang loat eac su kien lien quan den cac mat hang ndng san, thuc pham khdng bio dam ve sinh an toan thuc pham, nhu nude tuong den chiia 3-MCPD (mot chat cd the gay ung thu), thuc pham bao quan bing foocmon, han the, rau dugc tudi cac c h i t kich thich tang trudng, ca nudi mdi trudng hi d nhidm, ndng sin, thuc pham che bien sii dung cac chat bao quan ddc hai, du lugng khang sinh hay thudc bao ve thuc vat vugt qua tieu chuan cho phep va gan day nha't l i viec hang loat cac san pham siia nhiem melamine - mdt c h i t ddc hai gay san than d tre em, cd the d i n tdi tii vong Theo kdt q u i kiem tra ciia Vu Khoa hpc va Cdng nghe, Bd Ndng nghiep va P h i t tridn ndng thdn: nam 2007, ty le du lugng thudc trii sau cac san pham rau mud'ng, cai, dau tai H i Ndi, Hai Phdng, Da N i n g miic thap nha't la 15%, cao nha't 30%; dac biet, ddi vdi s i n pham nho, cd nai phun tdi 30 lin va ty le thudc t n i sau vugt ngudng cho phep len tdi tren 60%; cd tdi khoang 32,54% tdng sd m i u ndng san phan tich 28 phat hien t h i y du lugng thudc bao ve thuc vat, dd g i n 70% da vugt qua ngudng gidi ban tdi da cho phep thuc pham (tieu chuan ciia Td chiic Y te the gidi WHO) Dd la nhiing sd dang bio ddng va ciing chinh la nguyen nhan gay inh hudng khdng nhd tdi siic khoe, tham chi la tinh mang ciia ngudi tieu diing Can thay ring, thdi gian qua, mac dii cdng luan va cac phuong tien thdng tin dal chiing da thudng xuyen dua tin vd nhiing vi pham gay d nhidm mdi trudng ciia nhidu doanh nghiep, nhung dudng nhu la da sd cac ca quan chiic nang ciia cac dia phuong deu chua cd nhiing bien phap dii manh de xii ly cac trudng hgp dd, phan Idn cac doanh nghiep thi tim mpi bien phap de ne tranh t r i c h nhiem Nhieu ngudi cho rang, ndi vd y thiic tu giac cua doanh nghiep viec bao ve mdi trudng thai didm hien dudng nhu l i mot cau chuyen xa vdi va khdng thuc te! Nhung rd rang, d nhidm mdi trudng tii boat ddng san xua't, che bien cac san pham ciia cac doanh nghiep hien da len tdi miic bao ddng, thd hien trach nhiem xa hpi ciia doanh nghiep ndi chung, cac doanh nghiep san xua't, kinh doanh hang ndng sin, thuc pham ndi rieng ddi viil viec bao ve mdi trudng cdn ri't ban che De tang cudng hon nua trach nhiem xa hpi ciia doanh nghiep Viet Nam Lien quan den viec vi viec thuc hien CSR d nude ta v i n cdn nhidu han che, bat cap, ngoii mdt so nguyen nhan da neu tren, chiing tdi ddng tinh va mudn chia se them su phan tich chi tiet hon niia vdi ddng tac gia Nguyen Dinh Cung va Luu Minh Diic (Vien Nghien ciiu Quin ly Kinh te Trung uong) mdt bai viet g i n day( 1) da cho r i n g , can luu y den mot sd van dd bat cap ma Viet Nam dang gap phai sau day (1) Xem: Nguydn Dinh Cung va Luu Minh Diic Trach nhiem xa hpi cua doanh nghiep - CSR: mot so van de ly luan va yeu cau ddi mdi quan ly nha nude vdi CSR d Vict Nam wvrv/ Vnep.Vn, t h a n g 1-2009 TRACH NHIEM XA H()I CUA DOANH NGHIEP VA Thu nhat, nhu da biet, tang trudng nhanh va bao d i m tinh ben vung ciia mdi trudng sinh thai da ludn la hai van de ndi com, biic xiic ciia cac ndn kinh te dang qua trinh day manh cdng nghiep hoi, hien dai hoa Thuc tidn cho thay, sau qua trinh tang trudng kinh te nhanh, nhidu nude da phai t r i gia d i t vd su bi buy hoai ciia tai nguyen, mdi trudng kem theo su gia tang thien tai, dich benh La nude di sau, dii cdn ngheo, cham phat trien nhieu mat, nhung Viet Nam da cam ket thuc hien cac muc tieu Thien nien ky Dieu cho thay chiing ta khdng by sinh chit lugng sd'ng ciia ngudi dan vi muc tieu tang trudng nhanh n g i n ban Tuy nhien, dd chi la su cam ket ciia Chinh phii, cdn tren thuc tien thi cho den khdng phai bat cii doanh nghiep nao cung y thiic v i thuc hien day dii cam ket dd Cd nhidu nguyen nhan ciia tinh hinh nay, song trudc het phai thay trich nhiem xa hdi ciia cac doanh nghiep dd da hi Igi nhuan kinh te Ian ludt, che phu Mat khac cUng can thay rang, he thdng luat phap ciia Viet Nam vd van de cdn nhieu ban che, bat cap Qua cac vu thuc pham nhiem ddc viia qua (nude tuong, sHa), chiing ta thay cac ca quan cd chiic nang quan ly nha nude lien quan thudng d the bi dpng, cd phan ca b i n la cac van ban luat cua ta chua phii hpp, khdng bam sat thuc tidn, thudng tao nhieu khe hd cho cac vi pham, nhung lai khd xii ly, hoac khdng the xii ly dugc vi nhieu khi, de xii ly nghiem minh la phai xii ly toan bd he thdng cac ca quan lien quan, tii Trung uong den dia phuong Quay trd lai "su kien Ve Dan" da l i minh chung rd: Bd Khoa hpc - Cdng nghe va Mdi trudng dd trach nhiem cho dia phuong; ngugc lai, dia phuong thi quy trach nhiem cho Bd Khoa hpc - Cdng nghe va Mdi trudng Nhu vay la, Luat Doanh nghiep va Luat Mdi trudng d day cd vi'n de bat cap, cin phai dugc xem xet, dieu chinh lai cho phii hpp Cung cin thay r i n g , ca quy dinh phap luat da cd dii, thi tinh hieu luc lai qua thap Nhieu vu d nhidm mdi trudng da dien hon chuc nam khdng hi p h i t hien, hoac cd phat hien nhung lai khdng xii ly, hoac cd xii ly thi qua nhe, cd chi dam ba cho den vai chuc trieu ddng la xong Dieu dd cho t h i y ca quan quan ly khdng lam het trach nhiem ciia minh Cd le, day la van de mau chdt, quan trpng nha't va chiing ta phii kien quyet lap lai diing trat tu, ky cuong phap luat Thu hai, nhin chung, y thiic bao ve quydn lgi cpng ddng va y thiic bao ve chinh quyen Igi ca nhan ciia ngudi dan cdn rat thap Cd thd ndi, dung trudc cic doanh nghiep Idn, ngudi dan dia phuong cam thay don le, yeu the, thieu su tin tudng vio le phai, vio su hd trg ciia cac ca quan cdng quyen nha nude Bing chiing la, trudc nhieu su kien buy hoai mdi trudng ciia cac doanh nghiep tai nhidu dia phuong khdng phai la nhan dan sd tai khdng biet, ma van dd la dii hp cd biic xiic thi nhidu cung khdng giai quye't dugc gi, vi mpi viec deu da cd "lo Idt" tren dudi, cd khieu kien thi ciing bing khdng Thuba, a Viet Nam hien b i u nhu khdng cd cac thiet chd dai dien, trung gian, dd la cac to chiic phi chinh phii (NGOs), hiep hdi, nhdm lgi ich la cac to chiic din su ddng vai trd rat Idn d cac nude phat tridn, vi the xay cac vin de biic xiic tren day thi b i u nhu khdng cd to chiic dan su nio cd thd diing benh vuc quyen lgi cho nhan dan, cho ngudi tieu diing ve nhiing thiet thdi dd Cau triic trung gian ciia cac to chiic dan su cd the phai tieu tdn nhiing khoin chi phi cho boat ddng bd miy, dai dien, nhung xet ve tdng the, nd lai cd the giiip giam thieu chi phi de nhiing ngudi dan, cdng ddng don le dat cac muc dich xa hpi ciia minh Vai trd ciia cac hiep hdi kieu d nude ta hien cdn rat thap va h i u nhu khdng cd su hien dien ciia hiep hdi ngudi tieu dung cac vu viec d nhidm thuc pham, mdi trudng viia qua Thutu, hien nay, du luan xa hdi dang cd chidu hudng danh ddng boat ddng tii 29 _:/ TRAN ANH PHUONG thien vdi trach nhiem xa h(?i eiia doanh nghiep Nhu da de cap d tren, tii thien chi la mdt phan nhd CSR, ma CSR lai chi l i mdt tieu chi bd phan tdng the cac tieu chi khac hpp van hoa doanh nghiep, van boa doanh nhan Mdt doanh nghiep dii cd ddng gdp hang ti ddng tii thien, nhung neu khdng thuc hien trach nhiem xa hdi mot each nghiem tiic, diy dii thi van cd the vi chay theo lgi nhuan kinh te don t h u i n m i d i n den boat ddng s i n xua't, kinh doanh bat hgp phap, hoac cUng cd the gay d nhiem mdi trudng, lam thiet hai cho cdng ddng xa hdi nhieu t) ddng hon the Tii dd, van dd dat cho cac doanh nghiep d nude ta la c i n phai cd mdt each tiep can toan dien ve CSR, ciing nhu cin phai ludn y thiic sau s i c vd mpi hoat ddng ciia minh, khdng chi tuan thu diing p h i p luat m i trudc het, can p h i i cd dao diic, cd van hoa doanh nghiep, van hoa doanh nhan Mot sd kien nghi ve giai phap thuc hien CSR d Viet Nam Mdt la, nang cao hon niia c h i t lugng cac quy dinh phap luat bing each i p dung RIA (danh gia tac ddng ciia van b i n luat) qua trinh lap quy RIA giiip x i c dinh giii phap lap quy cd phai la giai phap cin thiet, hgp ly Neu cd, RIA se tim miic dp lap quy phii hpp nha't dd dat dugc muc tieu vdi chi phi thap nha't cho doanh nghiep Mdt van ban luat cd tinh chinh xac cao, hieu luc ciia cac van b i n Cling se dugc cai thien dang ke Ben canh dd, cac eg quan nha nude nha't thiet phii tang cudng trach nhiem thuc thi luat llnh vuc cua minh Hai la, each thiic xay dung cac hiep hdi cin dugc ddi mdi Viec tan dung kinh nghiem v i ky nang cua cac quan chiic nha nude sau nghi him nhu nhieu hiep hdi hien la can thiet, nhung khdng nhi't thiet phai l i d cuong vi lanh dao Lanh dao cac hiep hdi nen la nhiing ngudi da g i n bd nhidu nam vdi vien tii ca sd 30 Cd nhu vay, hp mdi dau tranh mdt each nhiet tinh, t h i n g t h i n cho quydn Igl ciia vien hiep hdi Ba la, can tang cudng hon niia viec thuc hien cac chuong trinh truydn thdng, quang cao phi lgi nhuan cho cac muc dich nhan dao, tu thien Didu rat phd bien d cac nude phat trien va hien nay, dang dugc ap dung cho nhieu nude d khu vuc Ddng A Cac dii truyen hinh, truyen d nude ta v i n thudc sd hiiu nha nude, dd, Chinh phii cd the chi dao cac dii n i y d i n h mdt ty le nha't dinh thai lupng quang cao hang ngiy midn phi cho cac muc tieu cdng cdng, kd ca muc tieu dd cac doanh nghiep khdi xudng va thuc thi Bdn la, dia vi ciia ngudi ddng thue can dugc nang cao Vinh du di ddi vdi trach nhiem C i n cd nhiing bang xep hang cac doanh nghiep nop thue thu nhap doanh nghiep cao nha't, cac ca nhan nop thud thu nhap ca nhan nhieu nhi't Hp xiing dang nhan dugc su vinh danh ciia xa hdi, vi dd la mdt nhiing bleu hien be ndi ciia viec thuc hien tdt CSR vi lgi ich chung ciia cdng ddng xa hdi Nam la, Nha nude cin nhanh chdng tap trung h o i n thien luat v i tinh hieu luc ciia luat viec thuc thi luat Cac t r i c h nhiem ngoii luat (dao diic, tii thien), ca che t u nguyen cin dugc khuyen khich, vinh danh, vi dd la su ddng gdp cua cac doanh nghiep vdi cdng ddng xa hpi Nha nude khdng nen b i t budc cac doanh nghiep phai lam tii thien, nhan dao, ma chi nen gian tidp t i c ddng thdng qua cac td chiic, nhu NGOs, hiep hpi, mang ludi cdng ddng, giio due de nang cao y thiic thuc hien CSR De tang cudng trach nhiem xa hdi cua cic doanh nghiep Viet Nam tien trinh hiii nhap kinh te qud'c te hien va thai gian tdi, trudc het l i tang cudng t r i c h nhiem cua doanh nghiep ddi vdi su phat tridn bdn vung cua da't nude, cu the l i dd'i vdi thi trudng, ngudi tieu dung v i v i n dd bao ve mdi trudng, theo T R A C H N H I E M XA HOI C U A DOANH NGHIEP vA chiing tdi cin ddng thdi thuc hien tdt cac bien phap sau: * Ve phia cac co quan quan ly nha nude: - Tang cudng tuyen truyen ddi vdi cac doanh nghiep vd nghia vu va lgi ich ciia viec thuc hien CSR Viec tuyen truydn cd thd dugc thuc hien thdng qua nhidu hinh thiic, nhu qua cac phuong tien thdng tin dai chiing, cac dgt tap huan b i t budc cho lanh dao cac doanh nghiep, cac hdi nghi, hpi thao khoa hpc Hon niia, vice tuyen truyen n i y can dugc md rpng den ca cac ca quan quan ly nha nude cd lien quan, cac nha quan ly, cac nha hoach dinh chinh sach VI md Ddng thdi, npi dung ciia viec thuc hien CSR, cac thdng tin cap nhat vd cac bd quy t i c ung xii, cac tieu chuin trach nhiem xa hdi lien quan phii dugc phd bien diy du v i ro rang den cac doanh nghiep - Phan dinh rd rang trach nhiem ciia cac ca quan quan ly n h i nude va cac chii the lien quan viec hoach dinh chinh sach, thdng tin, tuyen truydn, kidm tra, xii ly sai pham ciia cac doanh nghiep ddi vdi cac van de lien quan den CSR ndi chung, trach nhiem ddi vdi thi truiing, ngudi tieu diing va viec bao ve mdi trudng ndi rieng Su phdi hgp giiia cac co quan quin ly nha nude vdi cac chii the khac cd lien quan ciing ddng vai trd het siic quan trpng, bdi trach nhiem xa bdi ciia doanh nghiep chi dugc coi trpng va trd nen cip thiet cd ca che giam s i t ddng bd, cd su kdt hgp giiia chinh quyen va cac luc lugng dan su xa hdi, dac biet la cac hiep hdi, td chiic phi chinh phii va cac phuong tien truyen thdng, bao chi - Ban hanh cic chinh sach khuyen khich, hd trp cac doanh nghiep thuc hien trach nhiem xa hpi Dac biet, can quan tam hd trg cac doanh nghiep kinh doanh hing ndng s i n , thuc pham viec thuc hien cic tieu chuan vd b i o ve mdi truiing, sin xua't theo cdng nghe sach - C i n cd cac bien phap dii manh de xii ly vi pham ciia cic doanh nghiep vice thuc hien trach nhiem xa hdi, nha't la ddi vdi cac doanh nghiep s i n x u i t cac mat h i n g ndng s i n , thuc pham khdng bao dam chat lupng, gay anh hudng den siic khoe v i tinh mang ciia ngudi tieu diing va gay d nhiem mdi trudng Ddng thdi, cin tang cudng cac hinh thiic khuyen khich, ddng vien, khon thudng ddi vdi cac doanh nghiep tu giac va thuc hien tdt trach nhiem xa hdi, nhu giii thudng trach nhiem xa hdi, thuong hieu "xanh", cip chung chi cho cac doanh nghiep bao dam cac yeu cau lien quan ddn cac tieu chuan trach nhiem xa hdi cac bd quy t i c ling xii dugc ap dung * Ve phia cac doanh nghiep - Cin thay ddi nhan thiic ve viec thuc hien CSR, dac biet la dd'i vdi dpi ngil cac nha quan tri cap cao doanh nghiep Viec thuc hien trach nhiem xa hdi khdng chi don giin la v i n dd dao diic kinh doanh hay cac boat ddng tii thien theo each hieu mang tinh truydn thd'ng; khdng phai la cac boat ddng ddi hdi doanh nghiep phii bd chi phi ma khdng dem lai lgi ich kinh te, ngugc lai, thuc hien trach nhiem xa hdi se giiip cac doanh nghiep cd dupe nhidu lgi the canh tranh tren thi trucing - Cac doanh nghiep can cd chidn luge dai ban viec xay dung va thuc hien cac tieu chuan trach nhiem xa hdi Vice thuc hien CSR theo y nghia day dii va dich thuc khdng phai la mdt van dd don gian va n i m kha nang giai quyet tiic thi ciia p h i n Idn cac doanh nghiep Viet Nam, bdi su ban che ciia nhan thiic, ciia cic yeu td ngudn luc, dd cd ngudn luc t i l chinh, ky thuat, nhan luc trinh dp cao Vi vay, cac doanh nghiep cin xay dung mdt Id trinh phii hgp viec tung budc thuc hien nhiing ndi dung trach nhiem xa hdi khdng chi phil hgp v(3i cac chuan muc chung, ma cdn dugc cac chii thd cd lien quan chap nhan, gdp phin tich cue vao su phat trien ciia ndn kinh te Viet Nam dang qua trinh hdi nhap cang sau va rpng ban vao kinh td khu vuc v i toan cau.G 31 ... Viet Nam thdi ky hdi nhap Ddng thdi, tai Le ky niem Ngay Doanh nhan Viet Nam (13/10/2008) Cling da cd 100 doanh nhan dugc trao tang danh hieu Doanh nhan Viet Nam tieu bicu nam 2008 Cac doanh. .. nghi Doanh nhan tieu bidu toan qud'c nam 2008 dien hai 11 va 12/10/2008 da cd 100 doanh nhan Viet Nam tieu bidu dugc trao tang Clip Thanh Gidng - bleu tugng cho tinh t h i n , siic manh ciia doanh. .. hoa doanh nhan ciia ta't ca cac doanh nhan tham gia vao cac boat ddng san xuat, kinh doanh tren thuong trudng Thuc tidn cho thay, thuc hien trach nhiem xa hdi ciia cac doanh n h i n Viet Nam