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NGON NGU' - VAN HOC - V A N HOA IGia tri dao dvc truyen thong van hoa cua dong bao cac dan toe Tay Nguyen Pham Huy Thanh Tdm tdt: Gia ttj dgo due truyen thdng la mot bd phan quan frpng ttong toan bp he thdng gia trj tinh than cua dan tpc Vift Nam Noi ddn gia frj dao dire fruyen thdng Viet Nam la noi ddn cac gia tri dtto dire dac thu cua ngudi Viet Nam dupc thft thach qua hang ngan nam ljch su Ddng bao cac dan tpc Tay Nguyen la mpt bp phan ciia dong bao cac dan tpc Viet Nam, van hoa dong bao cac dan tpc Tay Nguydn cung gop phan tgo nen nh&ng gia trj van hoa Vift Nam Bai viet neu mpt sd gia frj dgo dftc truyen thong dan tfc bidu hifn van hoa ciia cac ddng bao dan tpc Tay Nguydn nham lam ro hon "la nfn van hoa thong nhdt ma da dgng cpng dong dan tpc Vift Nam" TB* khda: Gia trj dao diic truyen thdng; ddng bao Tay Nguyen; ban sdc; sft thi; ll hpi Tdy Nguydn ndm d phia tay eua Nam Trung Bp Viet Nam, la dja ban chidn lupc nhidu mgt cda cd nudc, noi cu trft cfta nhidu ddn tpc vd nhflm dan tpc khdc Buc ttanfa van hfla Tay Nguyen vfln pfaong pfad, da dang dang tbay dfii tiing tdc ddng manh me cua kinh td thi trudng vd su hdi nhdp ngdy cang sau, rpng cua Viet Nam vdi khu vyc va qufic te Ngodi mpt sfl net tuong dong voi vdn hda ddn tpc ndi chung, van hda Tay Nguydn cd ban sdc ridng Sy binh thanh, tfin tai va phat tridn cua vdn hoa cdc dan tflc thieu sfl d day gdn liin vdi "rung", voi bufln, lang, Nfli ddn van hoa Tdy Nguyen, trudc fadt pfadi ndi den van fada cong, cfaieng - cai tgo ndn ban sdc Tay Nguyen Tfaeo quan nidm cfta dfing bao dan tflc thieu sfl d Tay Nguydn: Cfing, chieng dupc xem id thft ngfln ngii hdng ddu dd ngudi tidp xuc voi tfadn linh "Cdng chidng Tdy Nguydn vdy dd gop phdn tao ndn nhimg tfaidn sft tfai, nhftng ang tho ca dam cfadt vdn fafla Tdy Nguyen vua lang mgn, vfta hftng ttang""* Vdi gid tri vd y nghTa nfaieu mat, nfadt Id vd vdn hda, cfii^ chidng Tay Nguydn da dupc UNESCO cflng nhan la di san van hfla pfai vat thd cua nhan Ioai nuong ray Ngudi Tay Nguydn tm ring: van vat hiiu linfa, mpi vat xung quanfa ngudi ddu cd hfln, cfl thin Iinfa (Yang) cfae cfad, phil hp ' ' Tifin sT, Dai hpc Kinh te Da Ndng DT: 0966904325 Email: gvphthanh@gmail.com "* Lfi Bdo (2009), "Khong gian vdn hoa c6ng chifng T ^ n g i ^ - di santtifigjoi", }^://www ynexp-ess.com.vn 87 Tgp chiKhoa hgc xa hdi Viet Nam, sd 5(90) - 2015 Net ddc tfau cua d d i ^ bao Tdy Nguydn Id ydu tfaicfa dm nfagc va sdng tgo cac gia tri dm nfagc Ben canfa Cflng cfaieng, fap sang tgo cac loai nfagc cu duoc lam tft cac vat Udu sdn co ttong ty nfaidn nhu: dan kdh, klong put, dan t'rung, t'rung nudc, t'rung gid, cfainfa krdn (cfaieng gifl) Day la nhirng nfagc cu gan cfaat vol ngudl Tdy Nguyen ttong qua trinfa lao dpng, san xuat, thd faidn khat vpng hda nhdp vdi tu nhien, voi cudc sflng Kfafing gian vdn fada cfta dfing bao cac dan tpc Tdy Nguydn lufln gdn voi riing, budn lang voi nfaiing ngfli nha "Didm nfli bgt ttong khdng gian van hod Tdy Nguydn la kidn true nfad d (nfaa Rflng, nfaa Guol, nhd Dai) day la mpt tfaanh tfl quan ttpng khfing the tfaidu ttong ddi sdng sinfa faoat cpng dflng dan tdc Tdy Nguydn Nfaa Rdng d Tdy Nguydn kfaflng cfai la noi dd tfayc tfai cac luat tuc, noi tidp kh^fa, noi didn cdc sy kien ttpng dai, noi cac gia ldng dung dd tap fapp dan lang ban Iuan nfaiing van dd quan ttpng ciia lang, ciia ddt nudc Ma la noi tfad faidn my tfauat ttang tri dpc dao, tfae hidn khdt vpng cua nfaan ddn mudn vuan ldn ttdi xanfa, mong mudn faoa nfagp vdl vii tni"*^' Bdn canfa nfaiing ddc diem van hoa nfii bat ndu tten, vdn hda Tdy Nguyen ttong cfli ngufin cfta nfl lufln the faien cdc gid tri: ydu nudc, tfauong ydu ngudi, cin cu tidt kidm, doan kdt Ddy chinfa Id gid trj van faoa tfad hidn sy giao tfaoa, gap ga cfta ndn vdn fafla Viet Nam "tfaflng nfait ttong da dgng" the faidn tinh ydu thien nfaien (ydu rimg, gdn cfaat voi riing), trach nhidm vd ngfaia vu bao ve bdn lang, gia dinh, anfa em, vo chdng trudc mpi hidm nguy Gia tri tidu bidu nfaat ttong kho tang vdn hpc dan gian dfing bao dan tpc Tay Nguyen la "trudng ca" (sft thi), nhung tieu tfauydt lich su chia tfaanh chuong doan, cfau ygu tudng thudt nhiing eupc giao tranh giiia cac tu truong, hogc cfafing tfaien nhidn, cfafing than Iinh, chflng nhiing thd lyc bao tan de bdo ve khdng gian gian sinfa tfln eua mdi dan tpe Chft nghia ydu nudc lufln gan vdi cpng dflng, xay dyng nfaung nfaan vat tidu bidu dd ca ngpi ridt, bleu hidn sftc manh cua ddn tdc minh dd cfaflng lgi sftc manh cua ty nfaidn, sy tan bao, bat cflng ttong xa fapi Trong "Dam Di", ban trudng ca ddy net trft tmfa Dam Di di sdn neu cao tiet anh vd bon phdn cfta ngudi dan ong trudc gia dinh, ddng fap va bufin lang "Xinh Nho Nidp" ca ngpi tdi ndng vd su qua edm cua mpt chang ttai diu ttanh cfafing lgi cuong quydn dd cftu me, tra tfaft cfao cfaa, gldi phfing nfaung nguoi tiiodt kfaoi than pfaan nfi Id "Xinfa Nfaa" de cap ddn cudc ddu ttanfa cfadng dp bftc, bflc lot, bit cong, dd cao chu hidu vdi cha me, ttach nhidm va ngfaia vu cua trai ldng trudc sy tfin vong eiia cfing ddng "Dam Noi" nfli vd cufic dau ttanfa cfafing cai ac, chdng sy tfaft nghicfa ttong ty nfaidn, dd bao vd khfing gian sfing cua bufin lang, bao vd rftng cfafi dya tdm linfa cfao mpi nguoi "Dam San" kd vd vi tii Thie nhdt, chu nghia yeu nu&c dugc bidu faidn d van hda, ngudi dfing bdo cac ddn tfic Tdy Nguydn thdng qua nfaiing ang vdn '^' Tran ST Phan, Pham Huy Thanh (2012), "Gifi ^ va phdt huy bdn sdc vdn hoa ciia d6ng bao Tdy Nguyfin, sft tfai, cdc Id hfii, phong tuc tap quan (^ Tap chi Khoa hgc xa hgi Viit Nam, s6 11, tr.94 Gid tri dgo ddc truyen thdng tniflrng, bidu tuong cfao vi anh hiing bdo vd ddi sfing cpng dfing, anh dung,faidnngang ddu tranh vdi ty nfaien, bit cfing xd fapi, chdng lai cdc tap tyc ttuydn thflng Chu nghia yeu nude dfing bao cdc dan tpc Tay Nguydn cdn dupc bidu hidn qua "Id dinh" "Cd noi gpi Id cdt vide, thdi bd bdng, day la Ie cfing nhanfadttudi tte con, du sftc va y thftc dd ttd ndn vien cfta cpng dfing, cd ttach nhiem ganfa vac cfing vide cua gia dmh, cua bd tfic"'^' Ngay xua, le rat duac chu ttpng d dfing bdo cac dan tpc Tay Nguydn; thefaidnsftc manfa cua cdc tft truong bang vide di xam lupc, cai tri cac bp tpc kfaac Bfl tpc bi tfaua, bi tich thu tit cdc cfta cdi, nguoi ttong bp tpc cimg bi bdt vd (ttai trdng tfai Iam nfi Idfaoacxung vao dpi ngii chidn binfa; phu nu, tte em, ngudi gia cd tfad bl ban cfao cdc bp tpc kfaac) Cfainfa vi vdy, de bdo vd dugc bfl tpc, cac tfaanfa nidn ttong bp tpc den tufli trudng tfaanfa lufln dupc day dd y tfaftc ttach nfaiem ve bdo ve cufic sfing bufin ldng; dfing bao cdc ddn tpc Tay Nguydn lufin chft ttpng vide dgy do, nufli duong ting lofp thidu nidn vd tinh thin chidn diu, ren luydn sftc khoe, tmh thin cfaiu dyng gian kfafl Thd hidn tinh thin ttach nhidm cua ban than minh trudc bufln lang, hp sdn sang hy sinh dd bao vd bufin ldng trudc mpi hiemfapa.Ld thdnh dinfa lufin di kem voi cac le hfii: ddy cay, pfafing lao, bdn nd, ddnh kidm, dua voi sy: khde manh, co tinh than diing cam, faieu bidt qudn sy, co tinfa tfaan Tfauong ydu va quydt tam bao vd bp tpc, bufin lang Tnrdng hpp ciia cdc tft truong: No Trang Long (Mndng), Ama Yfaao (Edd) da tu tap rat dfing nguoi dan ttong bufin lang cfafing ke tfaft dd bao vd ddng bao ttong kfaang chien cfafing Pbap Trong faai cufic kfadng chidn, Tay Nguydn trd can cft dja cdch mang viing chac Dfing bao cac dan tfic Tay Nguydn kfafing cfai ddng gop luong thyc, thyc pham cfao cufic khang chidn, fap true tiep tfaam gia luc lupng du kicfa, bp dpi dia pfauong, bg dpi chu Iuc de bao vd bufin lang, bao ve can eft dia each mang Bidt bao nhieu nguoi cua dflng bao cac dan tpc Tdy Nguydn dd hy sinh cfao ddt nudc, licfa sft ddn tflc mai gfai danfa nhung ngudi uu tft cfta nfti rimg Tdy Nguyen Qua faai cufic khdng chien ten dat, tdn ngudi d Tdy Nguydn da gfai vao Iich sft ddn tpc: tdn dia danfa nfau cfaidn khu Dlieya, can cft bufin Hoang, can cft Cu Prao, lang Star, An Khe, Playme, Ddk Td, Tan Canh, Budn Ma Tfaudt; ten cac anh hftng nfau Ama Jfaao, No Trang Gufa, No Trang Long, Y Jut va Y Ut, Dmh Nftp Hp mai mai la tdm guong sang cua efaft nghla anh hiing each mgng cfao dfing bao cac dan tflc Tay Nguydn Tft do, tuih ydu qud huong ddt nudc, nidm ty hao, ty tfln dan tpc dupc dfing bdo cac dan tpc Tay Nguydn ITnh hfii va phatfauyttong Dd lanh dao cac trang dinh, dfing bao faodn canfa lich sft mdi Tay Nguydn trudc ddy ddu dd cft mflt Thu hai, tinh yiu thuang ngu&i cua ngudi chi huy qudn sy, nguoi Banar gpi "Bok tfi" faodc "Ba ngai", nguoi Xddang gpi "Bok thfi", ngudi Edd gpi "Po pin '^' Lam Tam - Linh Nga Niek Dam (1996), Mgt sd net dgc Inmg cua phong tuc cdc ddn tgc Tdy Blahh" Tieu chuin cfta ngudi chi huy quan Nguyen, Nxb Vdn h6a ddn tfc Ha Nfi, tr 121 Tgp chiKhoa hgc xd hgi Viet Nam, so 5(90) - 2015 dfing bao cdc ddn toe Tdy Nguyen thd faidn qua lao dpng sdn xuat, sinfa faoat cfing dfing, tinfa cdm gia dinh Moi vidn ddu dupe lang dum bpc vdi ndp sfing, each nghT vui budn ed nfaau O ttong lang, kfai gia dinfa cd mpt van dd gi ddu duoc ca lang quan tam cfaia se, tu cfauydn sinfa nd, ma cfaay, cuoi xin cfao ddn chuydn bat faoa tinh cam lang xom Mgt gia dinh cfi cfauydn thi ca Idng giup vide an uong, Io cac tfaft tuc tft thd Cling cho ddn cfaam sfle sue kfaoe ngudi Mdt tfadnfa vidn ttong lang bdn dugc tfaft cd Idng cfaia phin, m0t nfaa md cfad rugu ca lang deu uflng Moi ngudi ttong cpng dong la mflt tfadnfa vidn nfait dinfa cfta mpt ldng, sdng kfafing kfai eong dfing vd sufit ddi bi chi pfaoi boi ldi sfing mang tinfa cpng dfing Trong cpng dflng ldng, mpi ngudi gdn kdt voi nfaau cfaia se tft ddi sdng vgt cfait ddn ddi sfing tmh thin Ngay cd nhiing ngudi da chdt, fap cftng tfln tai ttong tdm tri tuong tupng ciia nguoi lang gpi la "Idng ma", "nfad mfi" Theo quan nifm cfta ddng bao eae dan tpe Tay Nguyen, cfing ding lang vdi tinh cam ngudi gdn bd trd thanfa mfit cfamh thd cd uy lyc sidu nhidn Tit cd dan lang deu cfaung sd phgn: vinh hgnfa, may ho^c hidm fapa, thua thidt Moi tfadnfa vidn khfing the tach rdi, dfii chpi sfing bidt lap voi cfng dfing va cfing dfing cung khfing chdp nhgn dugc nhiing thdnh vidn di ngupc vdi Igi ieh cfta cfing dfing Tmh ydu tiiuong ngudi dupc tfad faidn qua nhftng logi truypn cfi cua cdc dan tpc smh sfing ttdn dia ban Tay Nguydn: ngufli Edd cfl thuydt faang Adren (bang Adrdn), ngudi Mndng efl tinydn "Trom 90 Ndrdnfa", ngudi C o Ho cd cfauyfn kd vd ddng doi chdu nu thdn mgt ttdi, ngudi Ba Na kd vd Ong Trflng (bok sgo) P h ^ anh hidn tfayc cupe song: eon nguoi ludn phai vat Ion truoic bao kfaic ngfaidt va thu thach de sinh tdn, phat tridn Sy ddi chpi giiia cai tfaidn vfli cai dc xuit faidn pfafl biln ttong loai truydn, sy tan bgo va ngy trj cua cdc thd Iyc den tfli dfli vdi ddi sflng ding bao Trong hodn cdnh do, cac truyen dua mfi tt'p tinfa ydu trai gdi vupt qua mpi thu thdch, ngudi nghdo khfi nfaimg nfaan faau cufii ddi gap may mdn Truydn cd tich cua dflng bao cac ddn tflc Tay Nguydn bao gid ciing di theo quy luat nfaan qud, ke ae bj trimg tri, eon ngudi nhan hau thi vupt qua mpi khfi dau cfaidn tfadng sfi phgn Dflng bao cdc dan tdc noi ddy da giii gdm vdo udc mufin vd sy cfing bdng, tinh fauong tiiifn ciia ngudi, khat vgng no im, tinh ydu, long chung thfty, yen thuong nguoi cung nfaau vugt qua mpi gian kfafl Su thuy chung son sdt cfta ngucri dfing bdo cac dan tpc Tdy Nguydn thd hifn d tinh ydu ddi ifta, khat vpng hanfa phuc, sy lm no qua cdc van tha Tflc nguoi ndo ciing c6 vfin ca dao, tuc ngu, tfaanh ngft vd sft dyng chung ttong doi sfing hdng Nhftng b ^ ca dao thudng nfli vd tinh cam dfli lua, tinh ydu thidn nhidn, tinh cdm gia dinh, bgn bd, ca ngpi qud huong xft sd, ndi Idn udc vpng cuoc ddi Qua thd hien tinh ydu tiiuong ngudi mpt each chdn that, dam hy sinh tat cd de ddn nfagn tinh ydu dft cd phdi chb dpi Bai Hri ngudi Ba Na: "Anh lin nui, em theo anh len nui; Anh xudng sudi, em ciing theo anh xudng sudi; Anh cd di xa dii bao ndm thdng em vdn ehd anh; Con trdu, cha Gid tri dgo due truyen thdng mg cho dd buge & edy to; Chiic cu&m nam ehu dao, lua dugc trdng trdn rufing can vd xua anh tdng em vdn giie"^'*\ cd d rufing nudc Dong bao cdc ddn tdc Tay Cach iing xft ttong gia dinh d dfing bdo Nguydn ludn tranfa thft thdi gian vd cae didu eac dan tdc Tay Nguydn tiid hien ro khdng kidn vd khifaaudd tang eudng san xudt trdn cd chd dp da the, da phu (nhidu vp, nfaidu manh dit ma minh da kfaaifaoang.Hp tao chdng) Trong xa hfii ngudi ddn tufii kinh td ray dd d ^ ftng dupc sy phat tridn tiudng tfaanfa thi sdng phai cfl gia dmfa, quan ddn sfi gia dinh va bufin Idng fad vg cfafing binh ddng Ddn mdnh ddt Tay Nguydn, chung ta Xa hpi truydn thflng Tdy Nguydn bugc thiy ddng bdo noi ddy rat gidi cdc nghe lam day chua cd sy phanfaoagiai cdp, cfaua xuat mpe, dan ldt, ddt vdi, rdn, ldm gfim Hau hdt hidn nha nudc Vi vdy, cdc quanfadxa hdi dfing bao cdc ddn tgc Tdy Nguydn deu cd mang tinfa binfa dang, mpi nguoi tfaam gia truyen thfing ddt vai, each thftc dft lao dpng ddu dupe faudng thy nhu nfaau tfad so, chua cd ca khung cfti, ma cfai cd logi Mue sdng cfta cac gia dinh ttong ldng "kfaung ddt kidu Anfa - dd - ne - didng" khdng cfadnh lech nhau, quan fad gifta Ngudi Ma ^ dd tidu ehuan eiia thu Iinfa ngudi vdi nguoi gdn bd chat chd, mpi Idng: "Ai ddt gidi thi ed men dep, se spi ngudi song thdng Trong quan he gia gidi thi ed ehi tdt, am hidu truyen thdng dinh vo chflng bmh ddng, cai dugc ty vd Idm theo dung tfai ttd thdnh thft ITnh"*'' do, ngudi gid dugc tdn ttpng Tinh cdng Hogt dpng sdn bdn thu rftng ciia ddng ddng rdt cao, mpi nguoi ddu sdn sdng giup bdo eae dan tpc Tay Nguydn thd hidn tinfa lan can thidt thin thupng vo, cdc ky tfauat didu luypn kfai Thie ba, diec tinh cdn cit, tiet kiem a dflngsu dung vu dd tidu diet mdi Ngudi bao cac dan tflc Tay Nguydn dugc thd hidn Mndng vd Edd nfli tieng sdn voi, nguoi Gia thong qua Iao dflng san xuat nuong ray, Rai vd Ba Na gioi sdn bd tdt Hogt dflng sdn nhtmg ngudi noi day ydu tu nhien, de bdn eua dfing bdo cd mfta, vdi cdc hinh thftc cao cac thdnh qua Iao dpng cua gia dinh khac nhau: di sdn tap tfad, ca nhdn, vay Nhftng chdng ttai cfl gai rat gidi ddt vai, san dufii, rinh, bay Vdi moi Iogi tfau rumg cd bdn, trdng ttpt cacfa sdn bin vd sft dung vu kfaac nfaau Ray cua dong bao cdc dan tpc Tay Hg tidt kidm tiidi gian cfai nuong ray it Nguyen dugc canh tdc theo hinh tfauc da vide thi hp vdo rimg sdn bin hodc nhu canh, xen canh, qudng canh phu bgp voi ciu thyc phim ciia gia dinh vd lang dang hinh dp san xuat cua ba noi day Trong can phdi cd Mdi ngudi trai dfing bao do, ky thugt xen eanh bidn ndng cac dan tfic Tay Nguyen ddu dupc day d5 tft i^hidp nuong rdy: hinfa tfaftc ttpn ldn cae nfafi vd eac ky tfauat san bin, lon ldn hp Ioai hgl gidng rdi gieo tria cung luc Nguoi Chil va Lat trflng nhieu ngd, xen vdi Ida, cay thuflc la, ca, dua, bdu, moi lo^ dugc '*'Ltm HOng (1996), Vdn hda cd tniyen Toy Nguyin, Nxb Vdn hfa dan tpc Ha Nfi, tr.216 trfing mfit hfic ridng Cay lua giu mfit vi tri '*• Bdd, tr.203-204 Top chi Khoa hgc xd hdi Viet Nam, so 5(90) - 2015 dfing bdo cac dan tpe Tdy Nguydn tfad faidn qua Iao dpng sdn xuat, sinfa faoat cdng dfing, tinh cam gia fflnh Mdi tfaanfa vidn ddu dugc lang dftm hoc vdi ndp sfing, each ngfai vui bufin cd ttong lang, kfai gia dinh cfl mgt van dd gi ddu dugc ca Idng quan tdm chia se, tft chuydn sinh nd, ma ehay, cudi xin cho den cfauydn bdt faoa tinfa cam lang xom Mflt gia dinfa co cfauydn tfai ca lang giup vide dn uflng, lo cac tfau tuc tft tfad eung cfao ddn cfadm sfle sue kfaoe ngudi Mdt tfadnfa vien lang ban dugc thft cd Idng chia pfain, mpt nfad md cfad rugu ca ldng ddu uflng Mfii ngudi ttong cpng dfing Id mpt tfadnfa vldn nfadt djnh cfta mpt Idng, sfing kfadng kfai cfing dfing vd sudt doi hi cfai phfii bdi lfii song mang tinh cpng ddng Trong cgng ddng Idng, mpi ngudi gan kdt vdi chia se tft ddi sdng vdt chat ddn doi sfing tuih thin Ngay cd nhftng ngudi da chdt, hp cung tfin tai ttong tam tri tuflng tugng cfta ngudi ttong lang ggi Id "ldng ma", "nhd md" Tfaeo quan nidm cfta dong bao cac dan tpc Tay Nguyen, cdng dfing lang voi tinfa cam ngudi gdn bd ttd mpt cfainfa tfad cd uy lyc sidu nfaidn Tdt ca dan lang ddu chung sfi pfadn: vinh hanh, may mdn faodc faidm fapa, thua thidt Moi thdnfa vidn khfing thd tdcfa rdi, dfii cfaoi sfing bidt lap vdi cpng dfing vd cfing dflng cung kfadng chip nfadn dugc nfaung tfaanh vidn di ngupc vdi loi ich ciia cflng ddng Tmfa yeu thuang ngudi cdn dugc thd faidn qua nfaiing logi truydn cd cua cac dan tpc sinh sflng ttdn dia bdn Tay Nguyen: ngudi Edd cfl thuydt hang Adrdn (bang Adrdn), nguoi Mnflng cd truydn "Trflm 90 Ndrdnfa", ngudi Co Ho cd cfauydn kd vg dong doi cfadu nft tfadn mgt ttdi, nguoi Ba Na kd vd Ong Trdng (bok sgo) Phan anfa faidn tfayc cuoc sfing: ngudi lufin phai vat Ion trudc bao khdc nghiet va thft thdch de sinh ton, phat trien Sy dfii chpi gifta cdi thidn voi cai ac xuat faidn pfafi bidn ttong logi truydn, su tan bao vd ngy tri e6a cdc tfae lyc den tdi ddi vdi ddi sfing ddng bao Trong faodn canh do, cac truydn dua mfl tip tinb ydu ttai gai vugt qua mpi thu tfadcfa, nguoi ngheo kfafl nhung nhdn hgu cudi ddi gap may mdn Tniydn co tich cfta dflng bao cac dan tpc Tay Nguydn bao gid Cling di theo quy luat nhan qua, ke dc bi trimg trj, nguoi nhan hgu tfai vugt qua mpi kfafl dau cfaidn thing sfl phgn Dfing bao cac ddn tpc noi ddy da gfti gam vdo dd uoc mufin vd sy cflng bdng, tinfa fauot^ tfaien cua nguoi, khdt vpng no am, tinh yeu, ldng chung thfty, ydu thuong nguoi ciing nfaau vupt qua mpi gian khd Sy thuy chung son sdt cfta i ^ m dflng bdo cac dan tflc Tay Nguydn tfadfaiend tinfa ydu dfli lira, kfaat vpngfaanfapfauc, sy im no qua cdc van tho Tfic i^^di nao cung cd vfin ca dao, tuc ngft, ngu va sft dui^ chung ttong ddi sfing hang i^ay Nfaiing bai ca dao thuong ndi ve tlnh cdm doi Ifta, tnih yeu tfaien nfaidn, tmfa cam gia ^ n h , ban be, ca nggi qud huong xu sd, nfli Ien udc vpng cufic ddi Qua thd hidn tinfa ydu tfauong ngudi mgt each chdn that, dam hy smh tat ca de dfln nhan tinh yeu dft cd phai chd dpi Bai Hri ngucri Ba Na: "Anh len nui, em theo anh lin nui; Anh xudng sudi, em cung theo anh xudng sudi; Anh ed di xa du bao ndm thdng, em vdn cha anh; Con trdu, eha Gid tri dgo diic tniyen thdng m? cho dd budc a cdy to; Chiic cu&m ndm chu dao, Ida dupc trdng trdn rupng cgn vd xua anh tgng em vdn g/i?'*'*^ cd d rufing nudc Dfing bao cac ddn tpc Tay Cach ftng xu ttong gia dinh d ddng bdo Nguyen lufin tranfa thft thdi gian vd cac dieu cdc ddn tfic Tay Nguydn thdfaidnro khfing kidn vd hau dd tang euflng san xudt trdn cfl cfad dp da tiid, da phu (nhidu vp, nfaidu manfa dat md minh da khai hoang Hp tgo cfaflng) Trong xd hpi nguoi ddn tudi kinh td ray dd dap ftng dugc sy phdt tiidn truong tfai sfing pfadi cd gia dinh, quan ddn sfi ttong gia dinh va bufin lang he vg chfing binfa ddng Ddn mdnfa dat Tdy Nguydn, chftng ta Xa hfli truydn thflng Tay Nguydn fruqc thdy dfing bdo noi ddy rdt gidi cdc nghe lam ddy chua cd sy pfaanfaoagiai cip, chua xuit mgc, dan Idt, ddt vdi, rdn, Idm gfim Hiu fadt faifn nha nudc Vi vdy, eac quanfadxa fapi ddng bao cdc dan tgc Tdy Nguydn ddu cfl mang tinh binh ddng, mpi ngudi tham gia truyen thfing ddt vai, each tfauc dft cdn lao dpng ddu dugc faudng thy nhu tfafi so, chua cfl ca khung cfti, ma cfai cfi loai Mftc sfing cfta cdc gia dinfa ttong lang "kfaung ddt kidu Anfa - dd - ne - didng" kfaflng chdnh Idch nfaau, quan hf gifta Ngudi Mg dd dd tidu chudn eua thu ITnh ngudi vdi ngudi gdn bd chat che, mpi lang: "Ai ddt gidi thi cfl mdn dep, se sgi ngudi sflng thang Trong quanfadgia gifli thi cd cbi tflt, amfaidutruydn thing dinh vg chfing binh ddng, cai dugc ty vd Idm theo dung tfai trd tfadnfa tfaft ITnfa"*^' do, ngudi gia dupc tfln ttgng Tinh cfing Hogt dpng san bdn tfau rimg cua ddng ddng rat cao, mpi ngudi ddu san sang gliip bao eac dan tflc Tdy Nguydn tfadfaidntinfa dd lin nfaau kfai cdn tfaidt tfaan tfauong vo, eae ky tfaugt didu luyfn Thie ba, due tinh edn cu, tiit kiem d dfing sft dung vu de tidu diet mfli Nguoi bao cdc ddn tgc Tay Nguyen dugc thd hldn Mndng vd Edd nfii tidng sdn voi, ngudi Gia tfaflng qua Iao dflng san xuat nuong riy, Rai va Ba Na gidi san bd tdt Hoat dfing sdn nhihig nguoi noi day yeu tu nhidn, dd bin cua dflng bao co miia, vdi cac hinh tfaftc cao cac thanfa qua Iao ddng cua gia dinfa kfadc nfaau: di san tap tfad, ca nfadn, vay Nfaiing chdng ttai cd gdi rat gidi dft vdi, sdn dufli, rinli, bdy Voi mfli logi tfau rung efl bin, ttdng ttpt cdch sdn bdn vd sft dung vu khac Riy cua ddng bdo cac dan tpc Tdy Hp tidt kidm tfadi gian cfai kfai nuong rdy it Nguydn dugc canh tac theo hinh thftc da viec tfaifapvdo rimg san ban hogc nhu canh, xen canh, quang canfa phft hgp vdi ciu thyc phdm ciia gia dmfa vd ldng dang trinh dp san xuat cfta ba noi day Trong can pfaai cfi Moi nguoi ttai ddng bdo dd, kjf thudt xen canh pfao bidn ttong nfing cac dan tdc Tay Nguydn deu dupe dgy tu nghifp nuong ray: hinh thftc ttfin lin cdc nhd vd cac ky tfauat sdn bdn, ldn ldn fap logifagtgifing rdi gieo tria cung Iuc Ngudi Chil va Ldt ttdng nhieu ngfl, xen vdi lua, cdy thuic Id, ca, dua, bau, moi logi dupc *** Luu Himg (1996), Van hoa cd tn^en Tdy Nguyen, Nxb Vdn hda dan tfc, Ha Nfi, tr.216 ttdng mpt hflc ridng Cay lua gift mpt vj tri '*' Sdd, tr.203-204 91 Tgp chi Khoa hgc xd hgi Viet Nam, so 5(90) - 2015 dupe ttai ngfaiem thyc td Sdn bdn khfing chi dd cao thdnfa qua Iao dpng, Ipi icfa kinfa td, ma tfae hldn nidm vinh dy va sy tu faao ve thanfa qud ma minh da dgt dugc "Nfaidu nguoi d Buon Dfin sufit cupe ddi da bit vd thudn dudng hang ttam voi rimg nfau cu Ypui bdt duge 450 con, cu Ynid bit dupc 240 con, "Vua voi" Ytfau Id ngudi sdn voi ndi tieng d ca Tfaai Lan, Lao, Campucfaia Nhiing ngudi ndy dugc ttdn trpng gpi la Kru"'^\ Tinh yeu Iao dpng cua dfing bao cdc ddn tpc Tay Nguydn tfad faidn qua cdc bdl ddn ca, ca nggi que huong giau dep, dd cap den eupc sflng lao dgng, den tinh yeu, den ve dep ngudi Qua cac bai hat,fainfatupng nfli bgt la nguoi lao dflng sieng ndng, giau tinfa cam, day ngfai lyc, cfl tdm fafln ttong sdng, hfln nhidn, co pfai phacfa diu ttanh lufln hudng toi cdc tfaidn Con ngudi ttong dan ea tfaudng gdn vdi cflng vide sdn xudt, tfaa tfaidt voi rimg, ray, cdy co, hpa la, lufln thd hidn tinh yeu Iao dOng Hfin nfadn gia dinh la van dd quan ttpng cfta ddng bdo cac dan tpc Tdy Nguydn, mpi nguoi ddu rat tfin ttgng vd lufin tgo sy ty lya chpn ngudi bgn ddi cfta minh (Ii hiu hdt cac dan tfic Thugng kfai lya chpn ngudi bgn ddi, hp ddu dd cao ddn ndng lyc lao ddng, sftc khoe va due hgnfa Tidu cfauin sdc dpp va ciia cdi d xd fapi kfafing dugc dd cao, cdc dftc tinfa can cu, cfaju kfad, hay Iam, kheo tay, ttai thi xfie vac, gai thi ndt na Pfaong tuc cudi fafii ciia dfing bao eac dan tpc Tdy Nguyen noi cfaung tfauan pfaac don gian Trai gdi tfl tinh, ciu fafin thuong tdng cho nfaau vat phim md cfau ydu la cfaidc vflng Trong ngfai Id cuoi fadi dl tfaeo tuin ty gflm: 92 dgm hdi, l l cudi, sau ddn vide lgi mdt ciia doi uydn uong Con ngudi noi ddy da lam cfau nfti rung bang chinh sftc manh lao dgng, fap dd biln vftng ddt bazan, hdu nhidt ddi am gid miia phuc vu nhu cau ddi sfing ciia cfainfa ho tft vgt cfaat cfao ddn tinfa thdn Thu tu, truyen thdng dodn kit la mot truyen thfing quy bau, tao ndn ban sdc van hod cua eon nguoi Tay Nguydn Sinfa ho^ cfing dflng lufln gan voi cugc sflng hang ngdy cua moi ngudi noi ddy, ca cdcfainfatfauc ngfai Id tin ngudng, ton giao ddn vide san ban tfau rimg Ndu nhu ngudi Kinfa cfl truyen thuyet "Lgc Long Quan va Au C a " noi vd chung mpt ngufin cdi, thi ngudi H'mfing cd truydn thuyet "Sinfa ttong bpc tfait" Hp cfao rang cac dan tfic dugc sinh va sfing d mien nui va mien xufll deu chung mflt ngufin gie la tft nhftng eye thit dugc hai anh em bdm tft Idi mdcfa bao cua thin qua giic ngu Ddng bdo cdc dan tpc nol day cfl tyc ket nghTa cha con, anh em vdi cdc dan tpc khac, hodc cftng dan tpc nhung kfaac dong ho Tyc kdt ngfaTa cfaa con, anfa em, deu lam Ie tmac Yang va phdi cfl ngudi Iam chftng Sau dd lam Id, mgi nguoi coi nhu rupt thjt d ttong nha, vui budn, hogn nan ddu phai duge chia sd Bidu faidn qua loi khin: "Hdi Yang y pom (con cfta vg chflng tildn tgo troi dit) Yang bok glaifa (sam set), Yang Kong (nui), Yang Dak (nudc) xufing udng rugu va dn gan lgn, gan ga, "•' Ldm Tdm - Lmh Nga Niek Dam (1996), Mgt sina dgc trung cua phong tyc cdc ddn tgc Toy Nguyen, Nxb Vdn hoa ddn tfc Ha Nfi, tr.l38 Gid tri dgo ddc truyin thdng chftng giam cho (ten) kdt nghTa lam cha (me, anh) vdi (ten) ldm (em) Ciu xin Ydng cho cfaung nd dugc khde mgnh, sdng lau va cho ddn ddi chdu sau cirng vdn thdn thidt rugt thjt mai mai Khflng dupfc kidn cdo, bdt va, gdy chidn vdi Ai Idm sai Idi, se bi Yang phat "*'* Trong xa hfli cfl truydn Tay Nguydn lang la don vi td chuc xa hfii eao nhit, mfli Idng ddu cfl ten ridng va mang tinh fln dinh bit chip nhiing bidn dfli cfta Ijch sft Ddc didm eua ddng bdo cac dan tpc noi day Id tinfa cpng dflng sdu sac, dam net ttong mpi pfauong didn cua doi sflng Day kfaflng cfai Id cpng dfing ddn cu cu tni, dan lang gdn bd chat che, kfaang khit vfli ttong lao dgng san xudt, ttong sinh hoat fadng ngdy tft doi sdng vdt cfaat cho den tinh thin Dftng diu lang la "gia lang", cottacfanfaiem quan xuydn doi song mgi mgt cfta cpng dflng tu quan sy den kinh td, sinh hogt tinfa thin Gia lang dgi dien cfao cpng dfing, tiiyc hifn y nguyen cua ddn lang, chju trach nhidm trudc ddn lang vd: thien tai, dich bfnh, mat mfta Smh hoat vdn hod cflng dflng dflng bao cac ddn tfic Tay Nguyen nhu le ciing bdn nudc, cung ciu mua, ciing tru dich bdnh, hay la cfing vifc ridng cua tiing gia dinfa nhu Ie ddt ten, edu sue khod cfta timg ngufli, cudi xin, ma chay, mung nhd mdi la cfing vifc cfta mpi ngudi ttong Idng Mgi ngufli cimg gdp rugu, thjt dd dang Cling thin Khi mua mang tiiu hoach tfit, dugc mua, sinh khoe, ddn daufaidnrd tfaao, dgn nhd mod mgi ngudi cimg gdp vui Cdn 15 may g?ip chuydn bufin tiii mpi ngufli cimg chia se, dftm bpc nuong tya Ian Trong sinh hoat cpng dflng mpi ngucri cftng Iam, cftng hudng, cd cdng ddng cung ganh vac Tinh dodn kdt cpng dfing the hidn cdc Id hpi, theo kieu vui tap the, cd rugu mpi ngudi ciing uflng, cfl chidng tfai ddnh chidng, bidt hdt thi cat cao Ifli ca Mpi nguoi tham gia Id hgi cimg chia vui Cling bidu dien, cung tfai tdi Hinfa tfaftc vd nfli dung bidu dien cfing cliidng lufin tfadfaidnsy gdn kdt tft cu ehi cho ddn cac tidt tdu cfta nhiing ngudi tham gia bidu didn Cdch tfaftc uong rugu cdn cfta ddng bao noi day tfadfaidntinfacdm gdn ket cdng dfing hod chung vdo cfaum rugu, cfaia se nfaimg vui budn cufic sflng, hoac cftng nfaau kinfa can truflfc cac ngfai le ddng rugu trudc thdn linh Su doan kdt dugc tfadfaidnd nhirng cugc di sdn voi cfta dfing bao cdc dan tpc Tdy Nguydn Sdn voi phaifauydpng sftc mgnh cfta nhidu ngudi ddt duoi sy cfai fauy doan sdn, nguoi Cling voi voi nhd pfaat faidn dugc voi rimg lap tue bao vdy, kfaua cfaidng, tung nhftng vu dd ddnfa trd lgi su cfadng cfapi cfta voi rimg Tinh thin doan ket, cd kdt cfing dflng chi phfii todn bp doi song kinh te - xd hpi va sinfa boat vdn faod cfta dflng bao Tdy Nguydn Tinfa cpng dflng lang dugc bidu hidn ro ttong lao dfing san xudt, ttong quan he ldng gidng da ttd thdnfa ndp sflng, suy nghT vdfaanfavi dng xft cfta mpi ngudi, mgi gia dinh Day cfainfa la nfaiing chudn myc vd gid tri vd dao ly, nhdn each dupc hinh nfau mgt nguydn tdc lfln nfait cua quan fad cpng dong cu trft Ddnh mdt tinh Tgp chi Khoa hgc xd hdi Vi^t Nam, so 5(90)-2015 cfing dfing ciing cfi nghTa la Iam suy ydu fad gid tri, lung lay ndn tang tinfa than xa hdi Thu nam, truyin thdng hiiu hgc chua dupc thd faien mfit cacfa ro net d van faoa dfing bao cac d&i tdc Tdy Nguydn, xuat pfadt tft cfainfa manh dit noi day, la mgt vimg dat rpng ngudi thua Mac du d mgt trinh dp kinfa td tfaap, nhung Igl la viing dat co tidm ndng ldn, nguoi dan ehu ydu sfing vao nfing ngfaifp, sdn bin thu rung Truydn thong faidu fapc cfta ddng bdo cdc ddn tfic Tdy Nguyen chl tfad faidn qua cacfa day dfi mpi ngudi cdch ttong trpt, cfaan nuoi, dft vai, sdn ban thu rimg va cac ky thudt trinfa dien cfing chidng, dan t'rung, ddn gio, dan dd va gia dinh Trong xd hfli Tdy Nguyen cd truydn chua thdy vide hpc tap mang tuih Iy ludn khoa hgc, tu tuflng, gidng dgy mang tinh he thong "Trong xd hpi Tay Nguyen cfl truydn chua cd hinh thuc truydn thy kidn tfaftc, du la hinh thftc truydn thy bdng midng, chua cd vide thay truydn nghd cho ttd va ttd fapc ngfad Vi vgy, cd tfad noi xa fapi Tay Nguydn trude day cfaua co famh tfaftc tfi cfaftc gido due, chua hogt dfing giao dye tfayc sy"* I Qua trinh cfing nghidp hfia, faifn dgi hoa, dfi tfaj fada cftng vdi tac dgng manfa me cua ndn kinfa te thi truflng dang lam thay ddi bf mat mdnfa dat Tay Nguydn nfii cfaung va Trong xd fadi Tdy Nguydn cd truydn, mpi ban sie vdn fada ndi ridng Ben cgnfa nfaftng ngudi ticfa luy kidn thftc tft nhidu mat, rdt da thay dfii tich cue cd vd vdt chat Ian tinh dgng vd pfaong pfau Didu tfad faidn d vide than, qud trinh dd ciing dang Idm cfao nfaiing tidp tfau cac kidn thftc vd lao dfing san xuit gid trj van faoa, dao dftc tfln tgi hang ngan ttong nfing nghidp: sdn bdn, hai lugm, trfing ndm cfl nguy ca bj mdt din di; khdng gian ttpt, chdn nufii, ddt vai Tidp thu kidn thftc vdn fafla bi tfau faep, tiem thftc cua vd lao dfing cfad tac: cdc vdt dung lien quan dflng bao cac dan tflc Tdy Nguydn, hmh anh den sdn xuat nfing nghiep (dao, moc tria fagt, kd cfauydn su thi va khan ben bdp lura nha cufle), cdc cflng cu lidn quan ddn cac logi dm Rflng, nfaa Dai cdng xa din Nfaiing nfagc (cflng cfaidng, ddn gio, dan t'rung) Hpc van de dang dgt cfao vide gift gjn va tgp kien thftc xd hpi: Id Idng, cac nghi tfaftc pfaat huy ban sac van hfla cac dan tpc thieu tin ngudng, cacfa tfi cfaftc cua ldng, tfadng qua s6 d Tay Nguydn nfaiing tfadcfa tfaftc Idn cdc bdi gidng hodc kd chuydn cua gia lang Chinfa vi vdy, kfaoi ddy nfaiing gia tii van ttong smh hogt cdng ddng d nha Rfing, nha hfla dan tflc truydn thfing ciia dfing bao cac Dai Dfing bao hpc tgp kien tfaftc van hgc ddn tpc Tay Nguydn nfli chung co nghp tfaugt: kd cfauydn sft thl, truyen truydn nhftng gia tri dao due truydn thflng noi tfauydt vd lang, vd dong hp, ca hat, ddnfa ridng se gflp pfain gift gin va pfadt tridn cac gid tri truydn tfaflng cua van fafla, xdy dung cfing cfaidng, choi cac nhac cu Ddng bao cac ddn tpc Tay Nguyen hpc he gia ttj chung cua nguoi Viet Nara tgp cac kien thftc cfai la nhftng ky nang thdi ki day manfa cflng ngfaidp fada, faifn dai mang tinh phfi thflng, phfl cap dfli voi toan hoa va hgi nfagp qudc te bp xd hdi Mpi nguoi cd tfad biet dugc cac kidn tfauc dd dd tham gia vao cac hogt dflng "" Nguyin Tdn Ddc (2005), VSn hda xd hgi vd nguai Tdy Nguyen, Nxb Khoa hpc xS hpi Ha Nfi, cpng dflng, tao ndn cugc sfing cfao ban tfaan tr.l 39 94 ... t'rung, ddn gio, dan dd va gia dinh Trong xd hfli Tdy Nguyen cd truydn chua thdy vide hpc tap mang tuih Iy ludn khoa hgc, tu tuflng, gidng dgy mang tinh he thong "Trong xd hpi Tay Nguyen cfl truydn... nguoi dan ttong bufin lang cfafing ke tfaft dd bao vd ddng bao ttong kfaang chien cfafing Pbap Trong faai cufic kfadng chidn, Tay Nguydn trd can cft dja cdch mang viing chac Dfing bao cac dan... ldng, sdng kfafing kfai eong dfing vd sufit ddi bi chi pfaoi boi ldi sfing mang tinfa cpng dfing Trong cpng dflng ldng, mpi ngudi gdn kdt voi nfaau cfaia se tft ddi sdng vgt cfait ddn ddi sfing
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