Thực trạng một số yếu tố tác động tới nhận thức, hành động của sinh viên về hiến máu tình nguyện và hiệu quả của các loại hình thông tin tuyên truyền hiện nay

TAP CHi V - DirOC HOC QUflN S^ s6 5-2014 THLTC TRANG IMQT SO YEU TO TAC DONG T I NHAN THLTC, HANH DONG cCiA SINH VIEN VE HIEN MAU TINH NGUYEN VA HIEU QUA cClA CAC LOAI HINH THONG TIN TUYEN TRUYEN HIEN NAY Nguyin Minh Hieu'; Nguyin Thi Phi Nga" va CS TOM T A T Khao sdt v l hoat dang hien mdu tinh nguydn trfen 505 sinh vidn (SV) va ngodi qudn dOi tai mat so trudng dpi hpc, hoc viin d khu vuc Hd NOi tU 09 - 2012 din 04-2013, kit qua cho thdy * Cd nhiSu ySu to tic ddng dSn nhSn thOv vi hinh dOng cOa SV vS hiSn miu tinh nguyin - Do hiiu bilt chua day du ve hien mdu tu nguySn: so anh hudng xlu den sUc khde (47,7%); ban than cho rdng khdng du sii'c khoe nSn khdng tham gia (10,3%); chua hiiu rd ve hiin mdu tinh nguydn (10,3%); sp dau vd sp hdi nhin thay mau (17,0 %); gia dinh khdng dong tinh (3,3%); vd quan mem lam cdng tdc tinh nguy$n chf mpt lan Id diJ (5,4%) - Do cdc yeu to ve chit lupng phuc vy hiin mau cdn han chi: phdi chd dpi ldu (29,7%); nhdn vien y te chpc ven lly mau nhilu Iln (10,8%) - Do yiu t l khdc: cam thiy m§t mdi sau hiin mdu tu nguySn (13,5%) " Hl$u qui cie loai hinh thdng tin tuyin truyin da tnin khai dil v&i nhin thUc, hinh ding CiJa SVvS hiin miu tinh nguyen: - Phdt dOng hidn mdu tu nguydn ciJa nhd trudng, hoat ddng ciJa tuydn truyin vi6n vd nhdn vien y te Id nhung loai hinh chu yeu (72,9% SV dupc tiep cdn), cd hi§u qua cao (67,8% SV Idm theo) de giup SV nhdn thuc vd tham gia hien mdu tu nguydn - Cdc loai hinh thing tin c6n It hi^u qua: qua truyen hinh, bdo chi, truyen vd internet (35,3% dupc tiep cdn vd 26,0% Idm theo); bdng td roi, dp phlch vin dOng hien mdu (13,9%.vd 13,3%), c l dang v l cdc dja diem hiin mdu luu dong (10,6% vd 8,1%); sy van dang tif ngudi thdn banbe(8,1%vd2,2%) • Til khod: Hien mdu tinh nguydn; Nhdn thUc; Hanh dang; Sinh viSn REAL SITUATION OF SOME FACTORS AFFECTED THE PERCEPTION, ACTION OF STUDENTS ON VOLUNTEER BLOOD DONATION AND EFFECTIVNESS OF CURRENT COMMUNICATIONAL INFORMATIONAL CHANNES SUMMARY Sun/ey factors affected the perception action of 1,505 students at several universities insid outside the army in Hanoi area from September, 2012 to April, 2013 gn voluntary blood don and effectivness of cunent communlcatlonal and informational channels, the nssults showed t * Cue Quin y ** Benh vi$n Quan y 103 Ngu^ phin hai (Corresponding): Nguyin IVIinh Hiiu (nguyenminhhieu@yahoo com) Ngiy nhin bii: 08/04/2014; Ngay phin bl^n dinh gii bii bio: 12/05/2014 Ngiy bii bio du^ ding: 28/0S/2014 24 TRP CHl V - DU'Q'C HpC OUHN Sl^ S 5-2014 ' Many of factors affected the perception, action of students on voluntary blood donation: - Knowledge of voluntary blood donation is not fully Fear of bad affecting health (47.7%), thinking that not healthy for blood donation (10.3%), unknowledge of voluntary blood donation (10.3%); fear pain and frightened to see blood (17.0%), objection of family (3.3%), notion of volunteer blood donation is only once (5.4%) - The weakness of blood donation services vein repeatedly for taking out blood (10.8 %) have to waiting long-time (29 7%); puncture the - Otherfadors: 13.5% of donors feel tiredness after blood donation * The effectivness of current informational and communicational action of students on volunteer blood donation: channels for the perception, - To mobilize the masses about voluntary blood donation in university, activities of propagandist and medical staffs were the main mmmunica^onal andinfynnatkmal channels (72.9%), were high effect (67.8% of students to act under orders) helping students percep^on and participate on vc^unteer blood donation - The channels were until low effective: By television, maintenance, radio, internet (35 3% of students to approach and 26% of them to act under orders), brochures, posters Invited the volunteer blood donation (13 9% and 13.3%), propaganda the mobile blood donation sites (10 6% and 8.1%), canvass of the family members and friends (8.1% and 2.2%) * Key words: Volunteer blood donation; Perception; Action; DAT V A ' N D E Students de CO giai phap phu hp'p nham tuyen truyen va to chuc hien mau co hipu qua Sau gan 20 nam van dong hi^n mau han la dieu rat can thiet hien mau tinh nguyen, hoat dOng nhan tJao i5a tinh nguypn [1, 5, 6] Nghien cuu thyc va dang thu hut s y chu y quan tam cua hien v&i muc tidu: toan xa hpi, s6 ngu-di tham gia mpt tang Tuy nhidn, hi$n ngu-ai hi^n mau ty nguyen tap trung v i n la SV; ngu6n mau cho c i p CCPU, di^u trj c6n gap nhi^u kho khan, - Khao sat thi/c tr^ng mdt so ySu tS t^c (jQng den nhan thirc, hanh dQng ve hien mau tinh nguydn cua SV va ngoai quan dp/ nhit la a thb-i ky nghi h6, ngh! tet (2, 3, 4] Trong hien mau t y nguyen, c6 ngu-di Ici lan dau, c6 ngu-oi da hien nhieu ian vdi nhan thLTG d^y du, hanh dong tich cue, nhung cung nhi^u nguai co nhgn thuc chua thyc s y d l y du, hanh dpng chua hoan toan t y nguyen, tham gia ccn mang tinh chit miln cuo-ng, bat bupc theo phong trao, theo quy djnh Vi lai nhu vay v^ - PhSn tich hieu qua cac lo$i hinh thong tin tuyen truyen tren ddi twang nghien ci^u ve hien mau tinh nguyen da va dang duuc trien khai D O I TU-gNG VA PHLFaNG PHAP NGHIEN CU'U D6I tu'p'ng nghien CLFU nhung yeu t6 n^o da anh huang den SV mpt so trud'ng dai hpc, hpc vi0n nhan thuc, hanh dpng cua cpng dong noi va ngoai quan dpi tren dia ban Chung, cua SV noi rieng tham gia hi^n Ha Npi; tu6i dai t u 18 - 25, khong phan m^u tinh nguy0n? Nghien cuu, tim hi§u bi$t giai, tu nguy$n hp'p tac nghien CCPU 25 TAP CHi V - DVaC HOC QUflN Sl^ s6 5-2014 Phu'o'ng phap nghien cu'u * Pham vi nghien ciyu: khao sdt cdc y i u to tdc dpng d i n nhdn thCrc, hdnh dong cua dii tuyng tham gia hiin mdu tinh nguyen Phan tich, ddnh gid hieu qua cdc loai hinh thing tin tuyen truyen tren d i i tup'ng nghien cuu v l hiin mdu tinh nguyen dd vd dang dugc triln khai Thoi gian nghien cuu tir - 2012 den 4-2013 * Thiet ke nghien cuu: nghidn cu'u mo ta cat ngang kit Uap hIi ciru thu thdp thong tin tir cdc tdi lieu khoa hgc K£T QUA NGHIEN ciru vA B A N LUiBkN Mgt s6 d | c d i l m ciia ddi lu'O'ng nghign cu'u Bing 1: Dac diem gidi tinh n T^l4% Sinh viSn quin dOi (SVQO), n = 755 Nam 755 100 NO 0 Sinh vifin ngodi quSn d$i (SVNQD), n = 750 Nam 434 57,9 NO 316 42,1 Di5l lapNG 755 doi tup'ng nghien cCru (50,2%) Id SVQD; 750 la SVNQO (49,8%) Nhom * Phuvng phap chQn miu: miu nghien SVQfi kh6ng co nCr, 100% la nam; nhom SVNQO c6 57,9% nam vd 42,1% nCr C6 CU'U bao gom todn bo SV cdc khod, 16'p su khac v l gidi tinh giCra nhdm hoc thuoc nhilu trud'ng dai hoc hpc vien d i i tucng nghien ciru Id tinh ddc thCi va ngodi qudn doi khu vuc Ha Ngi quan su nen cdc trudng qudn dgi it tuyin duoc van dpng vd tham gia dpi hiin mdu sinh vien nO' tu nguyen thai gian thuc hien de tdi Sdng 2: So lan hiin mdu d doi tup'ng nghidn ciru nghien ciru * Cac ky thu$t su" dung nghien cuv: - Thu thdp thong tin bdng philu hoi: philu hoi dup'c lap trudc co npi dung ddnh gid v l nhdn thirc, hdnh dpng hiin mdu tinh nguyen O i l tugng nghien ciru duoc nhdn phieu hoi, khong ghi ten vd humg d i n nghien ciru tra ldi cdu hoi Sau dd, thu thap philu, ddnh gia, loai bo nhuTig phieu tra 16'i khong du nOi dung hodc chua tra ldi 8(5 LAN Hl^N MAU/B6i l y p N G Chira tirng hi^n mdu Sd LaONG % SVQD 352 SVNQD 526 70,1 T6ng 878 58,3 403 53,4 224 29,9 627 41,7 SVQD Da hi4n m^u SVNQD £1 i^n Chung P 46,6 c khde h i l n mdu 3,3 28 Sp se dnh hirvng xSu ( i l n su-c khoe 62 44.8 S