VAN DE TAI DINH ClT d CAC DlT AN THUY DIEN VlTA VA NHO MIEN TRUNG VA TAY NGUYEN VIET NAM NGUYEN Tm BICH NGUYET* Tdm tat: Tai djnh cu d cac dy dn thuy difn hien dang la van de quan tdm ciia rihiing ngudi dan ttong vung Dy an De gidm thilu tac dgng bat lgi va on djnh cugc sfing cho ngudi dan bj tau hdi dat, chu truong cua Dang va Nha nudc xac dinh cong tac di dan tai djnh cu la hgp phan quan ttgng ttong cdc dy an xay dyng cflng ttinh thuy difn va nhan manh rang cdng tac tai dinh cu phdi dam bdo cugc sdng cua vimg tdi djnh cu tflt hon hogc it nhit la blng ngi d cii Tuy nhien, sau nhieu nam tayc hifn di dan tai dinh cu cac dy an tauy dien van tfin tgi nhung bat cap va de Igi hgu qud ngng ne dfii vdi ddi sdng kirta te xa hgi Bai bdo dua nhftng tac dgng tieu cue cua cfing tac tdi djita cu ttong cac dy dn tauy difn vita va nhd d Mien Trung va Tay nguyen, ddng tadi dua mpt sfi giai phdp cho cdc van de tten RESETTLEMENT ISSUES IN MEDIUM AND SMALL HYDROPOWER PROJECT IN CENTRAL AND HIGHLANDS AREA OF VIETNAM Abtract: Resettlement of tae hydropower project is a concerning issue of the people in the project area To minimize adverse effects and stabilize the life for the people whose land is recovered, tae policy of tae Party and the State determines the relocation and resettlement is an unportant component of tae hydropower construction project and emphasizes that tae resident life better in new area must be better or at least equal tae old place Howevpr, after several years, the migration and resettlement of hydropower projects still exist gaps and serious consequences for tae social and economic life This paper presents a negative impact of resettlement in small and medium hydropower projects in Centtal and Highlands regions, and also propose some solutions to these problems B^t van de Thuy difn dupe xdc djnh la mgt ttong rtaimg ngufin nang lugng uu tien diu tu kl hogch phat ttien difn nang cua Vift Nam Ben carta nhihig ddng gdp tich cue cua vifc xay dyng thuy difn nhu nang cap co sd hg ting, thiic diy cdc hogt dpng kinh doanh, budn bdn Id nhiing tdc dfing tieu cyc nhu thu hfii difn tich dat dai ldn, xay dyng cdc khu tai dinh cu cho nhiing hg dan ttong vimg dy dn Trong dd, xay dung cdc khu tai djnh cu cdc chii dau tu chii y den vifc den bii sir dyng dat va cdc tai san bj thift hgi true tiep cdn cac thiet hai gidn tiep va vfi hirta khae, ve tau nhap, ve kinh te nhu Igi tae tir vj tri kiita doarta, ddnh bat ca, tir san pham rimg chua dugc tuta den Trong khi, day TTi.S Nguyin Thj Bich Nguyet, \^§n Dja li nhan vSn lai Id diem rat quan trpng dfii vdi ddi sdng ngudi dan va dfing bao dan tgc Mgt khae, cac khu tai dinh cu deu tfin tai nhieu van de nhu dugc xay dyng cho ngudi dan d nhung chat lugng khfing ddm bdo, khong phii hgp vdi phong tuc tap qudn va dflng bg ve eg sd tang nen ngudi dan khdng dn djnh dugc ddi sdng va thudng gap rtaieu khd khan ve phat trien sinh ke, van hoa, an todn Hau qua la nhieu van ngn xa hpi sinh vd gia tang hon trudc, gay kho khan cho vifc qudn ly d dia phuang Dudi day bai bao dua nhiing tac dgng tieu cue cua cflng tac tai dinh cu ttong cac dy dn thuy difn vira va nhd d Mien Tnmg va Tay nguyen; dfing tadi dua mpt sfi gidi phdp cho cdc van de tten Nhirng tac dpng ve kinh te (sinh ke va cupc song sau tai djnh cu) 35 Tap chl nghiin ciru Dja /y nhin vin, so (7)- Thing 1212014 Vi dy cdc dy dn taiiy dien vira va nhd d Bufin Ma Thugt va Quang Nam, cdc du an chilm dien tich Ion dat san xuit ciia ngudi dan dja phuong, anh hudng den difn tich dat d, dit md ma, dit canh tac cua ngudi dan, dat ttfing rimg Trong sfi 23 dy dn thuy difn tinh Quang Nam (tten 32 dy an tauy difn viia va nhd) dang ttiln khai (8 dy dn da phdt dien, 04 du an dang tai cong, 11 dy an da taam djnh TKCS) thi difn tich chilm dit taeo quy hogch la 2.679,0ha (blng khodng 30,73% so vdi tflng difn tich chiem dat cua 10 du an taiiy dien bac thang la 8.717,0ha) Trong difn tich dit da thu hdi cap cho 23 dy an thuy dien vira va nho dai^ trien khai la 1.619,0ha (blng khoang 26,81% so vdi tong difn tich chiem dat da cap cho 10 dy an thiiy difn bgc thang la 6.038,0ha); bao gdm: 1.219ha dit ndng nghifp (961,0ha dat rimg chuyen doi; Thay doi ve quyen tiep cgn tdi nguyen t^ 258,0ha dit khde); 325,0ha dit phi nong nhien: Qud trinh di dan TDC d nhieu dy dn nghifp (3,0ha dit d; 16,0ha dat chuyen dimg; 306,0ha dat khae) va 76,0ha dit chua sd dyng taiiy difn da lam suy giam, hogc tagm chi lam mat di kha nang tiep can ngufin tdi ( Nguon sd lieu tic Sd Tdi nguyen & Moi trudng kem theo Vdn bdn s6 49/STNMT-BK nguyen ty nhien nhu dat san xuat ndng nghifp, rimg va dat lam nghifp, ngufin loi ngdy 16/1/2013 ~ Qudng Nam) thiiy sdn cua cac hp dan bj anh hudng Suy Mat khae nhieu du an lam thay doi dgt gidm tai nguyen rimg da Iam hgn che hoat nggt tap qudn sdn xuat cua ngudi dan ma dpng sinh ke quan ttgng dfii voi ngudi dan khfing cd giai dogn chuyen tilp dl hg lam mien mii nhu thu hai lam san, chan nudi gia quen din vd dam bdo nhu ciu Iuong tayc siic dudi tdn rimg, sur dyng nguyen lieu tir thyc phim trudc mdt Trong dilu kifn dit san rung de phdt trien nganh nghe truyen tafing xuat thieu, de dap iing itau ciu cugc sfing nhu dan Idt, df t tao cam, ngudi dan phdi diu tu tadm canh hogc Thay doi ve quy mo ddt sdn xudt vd dinh chuyen doi co cau cay ttdng taeo hudng san hudng sdn xudt: Hau hit cac dy dn di dan pham hang hda ma ttong thdi gian ngin va TDC thuy difn diu gdp phai vin de nan giai thieu sy hudng dan hfi ttg cin thilt nen cgng la khflng dii quy dat dl cap cho cdc hfi dan ddng chua thi thich iing kip Trong cdc Ngay ca nhung noi co quy dit dl cap ciing sdn pham hang hod phu thupc rat ldn vao thi khfing ddp ling dugc nhu cau^dit sdn xuit toi trudng tieu thy, nhung lai chua cd quy hogch thilu (quy mfi dit sdn xuit dugc cip/hg it dinh hudng sdn xuat, bao ddm sdn phim fin hon rat nhieu so vdi noi d cii) va khflng dam dinh cho ngudi dan Nhilu hp dan vay vdn bdo dieu kifn dh san xuat (dit xiu vd thilu ddu tu sdn xuat da lam vao canh np nan triln ngufin nudc) mien gia cd xufing thip va khfing fin dinh dan den thu nhap bap benh Vi vay, thdi gian Cdc du an tauy dien vira va nho se liy di dau cdc dieu kifn san xudt chua ddm bdo, phan Ion difn tich dit san xuit cua ngudi dan ngudi dan phai doi mat vdi nhiing khd khan sfing gan khu vyc co dy dn, nen tdi dinh de hoa nhap vdi mdi trudng mdi khde so vdi cu cho ngudi dan d khu vyc dd da anh hudng noi d cu Ve lau dai dieu dang lo nggi la tryc tiep din kmh tl hg gia dinh Nhiing tac dflng tieu cyc ciia vin de tai dinh cu (TDC) din kinh tl diln hinh la nhiing tac dflng din tinh hinh sdn xuat, dat sdn xudt, thay dfli co cau nghe nghifp 2.1 epng ddng TDC khong thich ung kip vdi thay dSi ngudn luc sinh ke vd t&p qudn sdn xudt, mdt ddt sdn xudt dnh hudng l&n din kinh te hg gia dinh Siita ke CO ban trudc day ciia cu dan phai di ddi de xay dyng thiiy dien chii yeu la san xuat nflng nghifp (ttflng ttpt, chan nudi), thu hdi lam sdn vd ddnh bat thiiy sdn, nganh nghe tali cfing truyen tafing Khi den TDC, cac dy an TDC chu yeu ap dung chien lugc sinh ke dya vao dat sdn xuat nfing nghiep va khflng ddp ling du quy dat nen mpt sfl ngufln tau bi gidm hogc phdi taay dfli tap qudn vd phuang taiic san xuat 36 Nguyin Thj Bich Nguyet - Mpt s6 van de cda tii dinh cir ngudi dan TDC phdi chiu itaiing rui ro khdi^ cdc dieu kien tu nhien dam bao nhu trudc day 2.2 Suy gidm vd thieu ngudn sinh kithay thi, ngudi ddn chua on dfnh cupc song Chan nuoi, dac bift la chan nufii dgi gia, siic nhu ttau, bo la the mgnh cua nfing thfin miln mii Tuy nhien d nhilu khu TDC, dilu kifn bai chan tad khfing cdn nhu ttudc day hoae bi tau hep n6n chan nufii gia siic khflng phat triln dugc vd gidm nhanh vl sfi lugng hp taam gia va sfi lupng dan gia siic Mgt sfi nganh nghe truyen thflng nhu nghe dan lat, nghe df t vdi, dft tao cam, tauflc nam cung khfing cd dieu kifn phat ttien vi khfing cd nguon nguyen lifu on dinh tir rimg nhu trudc day Chdn nufii tai cdc khu tai dinh cu nhd Ie, khflng mang Igi hifu qua cao Tmh ttgng taanh nien va ngudi ttong dp tuoi lao d^ng khdng CO vifc lam ttong Iuc nfing nhdn, khdng tgo them dugc thu nhgp cho gia dinh dfing thdi tiem in nguy co ve te ngn xa hpi Nhieu ngudi dan den khu TDC cam thay cac CO hgi sinh ke cua hp rdt mong manh va khfing ben viing so voi trudc TDC Tai noi d cu, ngudi dan cd tae gan noi d vdi kinh te hp gia dinh, nhu vudn nha, vudn rimg hoae kinh doanh cdc dich vy nhd Ie, hp cd the ty chuan bj cho mmh luong thyc, thuc pham thiet yeu hing ngdy nhu gao, rau Khi chuyin den noi d mdi tai khu TDC, cdc hogt ddng kinh te bi thu hep hogc khfing cdn Hau het cac khu TDC bj hgn che tiep cgn tai nguyen rimg, thieu dat sdn xuit nghiem trpng va nhilu ngudi phai sfing bang nghe lam taue (khai tadc vat lieu, Iam thg phu ) O cdc khu TDC, dieu kifn tiep can vdi ben ngoai taudng thuan Igi hon, tao da dl hg tham nhap sau hon vao thj trudng song ciing lam cho cugc sfing cua hg phy thufic nhieu hon vao thi trudng Cimg vdi thieu dat san xudt nfing nghifp, vifc tilp cgn cac nguon tai nguyen ty nhien (rdng, ngufin lgi thiiy sdn ) han che dan den tinh ttang taieu vifc Iam va du thira Iao dfing xdy d hau het cdc khu TDC Ngoai vifc dua vdo mflt sfl cay ttflng mdi, cdc dy an TDC hau het chua tgo them viec lam, ngdrta nghe mdi taay tae fin djnh va hifu qua cho ngudi dan TDC Tdc dfing cua dy an, ve sinh kl doi vdi ngudi dan la khfing ben viing boi ttong sfi cac rtafim nghe rtau nflng nghiep, budn bdn, cflng chiic nhd nudc vd lam thue thi Iam taue la dgng nghe nghifp kem 6n djnh va cd tau nhap bap benh nhat Trong cd mpt sfi ngudi dan dugc tham khao y kien cho rang cupc sfing ciia hp dang khd len (nhd nhan hh ttg den bii, bdn dat va cac tai san cd gia tri khde - dil dieu khfing phai Id yeu tfi ddm bdo smh ke ben viing); phan dfing lgi cho rang cupc song ciia hp cang ttd nen kho khan hon va khdng du ddm bao cugc song Miic tau nhap ciia hg giam di tuong doi ttong chi phi tang Ien nhu cau taiet lap lai ddi sfing sau tdi dinh cu Qua phdn tich co cdu nghe nghifp va tau nhap cua ngudi tdi dinh cu, cd the thay cd su chuyen dich ro net tir cde ngh6 khde, itaat la tir nghe nflng nghifp sang lam taue, day la mflt sy chuyen bien khflng ben vung ttong smh ke cua ngudi dan, tu dd chiing ta thay ring cdn cd sy giiip dd hfi ttg, dinh hudng tir ben ngoai giiip cho ngudi tdi djnh cu dn djrta siita ke va phat ttien kinh te gia dinh Da sfi nhiing ngudi dan tdi djnh cu la nhiing dan tpc thieu sd vd nhung ngudi nhap cu ndy thi hinh taiic sdn xuat ciia hp khfing phii hgp vdi noi d mdi Trong d khu tdi djnh cu chu yeu la dat dfii ttpc, todn bp khu rimg cfing ddng cua ngudi dan ttong ban ciing chim ttong long ho; vay, sau di ddi, cui dun vd cdc sdn pham vudn rimg se ttd nen thieu va kho khan hon rat nhilu ttong cugc song taudng ciia cdc hfl dan Dang sau nhiing van de noi tten Id rtaiing hgn che, bat cap, cd phan dp dgt chii quan ttong cdng tdc di ddn tai djnh cu, khfing phat huy dugc sy nang dgng, va chua thyc sy tim hilu nguyen vgng, liy y kiln cua nhan dan Co che chinh sdch ve den bii, ho ttg cd dieu chua hgp ly, sdt thyc te, ngi dung quy hoach chua 37 Tap chi nghien cCru Dja ly nhan van, so (7)- Thitng i2/2014 phu hop voi dieu kien tir nhien, dia hinh va trinh dp dan tri ctia nguoi dan mien nui Cong tac ho trg san xu3t va khuyen nong khuyen lam chua kip thai va noi dung hinh thuc chua phu hgp voi trinh san xuat cua dong bao nen dong bao lai quay ve noi cij de canh tac lay luong thuc, thuc phSm sinh song thoi ky chua bi ngap nuoc, gay kho khan cong tac quan ly dan cu Mgt so khae thi di lam thue a cac vung khae, thu nhap cua hg rat bap benh nhu thuy dien An Khe - Ka Nak (Gia Lai - Binh Dinh) khoi cong nam 2005 Theo quy hoach, 496 hg dan vdi gan 2.400 khau ph^ chuySn khoi vung ngap long ho, dugc bfi tr! khu tai dinh cu Tuy nhien, den tai lang Groi thuoc TT K'Bang (hliy^n K'Bang) 92 hg dan van chua dugc c^p dat san xuit T?ii Tay Nguyen, vi?c quy hoach, sip xSp va on dinh dan di cu tu thuc su la vin dl nan giii, d|c bi$t hai tinh DSk LJk va D5k Nong Theo bdo cao moi nhit cua Ban chi dao Tay Nguyen, toan vimg hien hang chyc ngan hg dan di cu tu chira 6n dinh doi sdng Ca biet co hing tram hg s6ng tam bg, sau rimg, pha rimg va san bin trai phep, tranh chap dat dai vai nguai dan tai cho 'ITiuong trvc Ban chi dao Tay Nguyen cho biet, hi$n t£ii van chua co cac chinh sach, giai phap lau dai de giai quyet vin dj dan di cu t\r tir cac tinh mien niii phia Bic vao Tay Nguyen vi thiiu vdn dau tu cho cac du an tai djnh cu cho nguoi di dan Theo ket qua dieu tra xa hoi hgc cua Doan Dai bieu Quoc hdi tinh Quang Nam tai cac khu tai dinh cu c6ng trinh thuy dien, co 99,5% nguai dan dugc hoi cho ring dit san xuit hi$n it hon ya 92,3% danh gia chit lugng dat san xuat xiu hon noi a cu; 98,5% cho iSng dit san xuit hien khong dap ling dugc nhu cau san xuit; 93,4% nguai dan thieu luong thuc vao mia giap hjt; hoi ve vifc danh gia dai s6ng cua minh, co din 43,9% ngucri dan cho ring thieu 6n dinh, 42,9% tpi then on dinh va chi co 12,2% la th(ic sit in^djuh 38 Tac d$ng din xa hgi Th6i gian thue hien di dan, tai dinh cu keo dai, chdm han so voi kd hoach nen co nhiSu phat sinh, nhat la cac van de tang hO, tang khiu va trugt gia, co noi lien quan den phong tuc, t^p quan tin nguang cua dong bao Tiin dg trien khai xay dung cac cong trinh phuc lgi cong cgng tai cac khu, diem tai dinh cu, nhat la cac cong trinh trudng hgc, trgm xa, nha van hda tien hanh cham, cd diem chua thuc hien Ve sinh mdi trudng chua dam bao, mdt sd cdng trinh dau tu khdng dugc khao sat, tinh toan ky nen khdng phii hgp vdi tap quan ciia ddng bao, ngudi dan khdng sii dung, gay biic xuc cho nhan dan va lang phi ldn 3.1 vi van hda BChi xSy d\mg thiiy dien, mdi truang san sinh va dung dudng cac gia tri van hoa cda cac dan tgc thieu sd khdng con, cac cdng ddng dan cu sinh sdng vung phai di chuydn tdi vimg tai dinh cu - noi rit xa Ij vol ngudi ddn - anh hudng rit ldn tdi ddi sdng van hda, tjp quan sinh hoat, tam linh ciia ddng bao Mdt sd net van hoa co truyen dl hi bien mit va Men dang, diit dojn dan den mai mgt dan, tao nen sir biln ddi van hoa vimg d cac dan too thieu sd, the hien tren nhiing van dl sau: - Bien doi ve khong gian bdn, mudng va vi tri cua ban, mudng: Hien nay, dl phyc vu cho viec xay dung cac nha may thuy dien, ddng bao cac d&i tgc thilu sd d nhilu ban, mudng da phai ddi bd mdi tnrdng sinh sdng truyin thong cOa minh den cac khu tai dinh cu Vi$c thay ddi mdi trudng sdng, each thiicsan xuat d vimg dat mdi, nhihig kit ciu h? ting d khu virc tai djnh cu trudc nhimg thuan lgi, khd khan dS gay nen nhiing xao trdn ldn tdi tam thitc ban, muong ciia ddng bao Nhihig nha san mai ton, cot be tdng vdi each bai tri khdng phii hgp vdi tap quan cua ddng bao cac dan tgc thieu sd Them niJa, xay dimg cac khu tai djnh cu dilu kien ve giao thdng thuan lgi nhung quan ly khdng tdt nen nhiing ke xau da cau kit vdi mgt sd ddng bao Nguyen Thj Bich Nguyet- Mdt so van tfl cua tii djnh cw dja phuong khai tadc gfi, san ban dfing vat hoang da ttdi phep Dieu ndy gdy anh hudng nghiem ttgng tdi gia tri truyen tafing cua cac ban, mudng ttong vifc bdo ve rimg, tdi nguyen, mfli trudng noi cu tni Cflng tdc suu tam, nghien cim, bdo tfin, phdt huy vfln van hod truyin tafing cdc dan tgc tayc hifn tdi djnh cy chua dugc quan tam toan difn hogc cd dugc thyc hien rtaimg chua phii hgp vdi ban sac van hda cdc ddn tgc thilu sfi nhu xay dyng nhd Rfing cho cgng dong d Kon Tum, Phii Yen - Bien doi cdch to chiec, qudn ly dai song cong ddng: cdc dan tgc mien Trung va Tay Nguyen, tinh cfing dfing cao la mfit ttong nhiing dgc tnmg co bdn, tieu bilu hinh nen hf gid ttj van hoa cdc dan tgc thieu sd Tinh thin cgng ddng chi phfli hau nhu todn bd ddi sflng kinh te, xa hgi va hogt dgng vdn hod Hau nhu mgi hogt dflng kinh te - xa hpi, van hod deu phdi di taeo nhiing chudn muc eua lugt tyc vd sy dan dat cua cdc trudng ban, trudng tpc, truong hp Tfl chiic, quan ly i^dl song cgng dflng hifn d cdc khu tai dir^ cudugc tayc hifn theo md hinh ndng tafln mdi vdi sy quan ly cua he tafing chinh ttj d co sd thdng -qua hf thflng chinh sdch, phdp lugt ciia Ddng, Nhd nudc Cac khu dan cu se dugc xdy dung taeo tieu chi cdc mfi hinh van hod chung cua cd nudc nhu: mfi hinh "Gia dinh van hod" gom cdc tieu chuan ve "No am, binh dang, tien bp, hanh phiic, bin viing" hogc mfi hmh "Khu ddn cu van hod" voi cdc nfli dung ve phdt ttiln kinh tl, ddi sfing van hod tinh than, dan tri vd thuc hifn quy che dan chu ciia co sd Nhu vay, ddi sdng cfing dong ciia bd cd dilu kifn dl "bit nhip" cimg sy phat ttien chung ciia dat nudc Nhung nhiing net dgc thil each tfi chiic, quan ly cua timg bdn, mudng dugc thi hifn ttong luat tuc se b; hgn chl Nhiing net iing xir van hda, img xCf cfing dfing, vai ttd ciia ngudi cd uy tin (truong bdn, truong tgc, truong hp) ttong moi dan tpc, cgng dfing ttong thiet chl xa hfii truyin thfing sS gin kit the nao vdi hf thong chinh trj co sd ttong vifc luu giii vd phat ttien van hda dan tflc la itaiing van de chua dugc gidi quyet - Bien doi tri thdc bdn dia vd vdn hod bdn dia: Su phdt ttien cua khoa hgc cfing nghf, ma chii yeu la cdc kien tairc khoa hgc - 1^ thugt diigc truyen ba phyc vu san xuat vd ddi sflng, phuong tien truyen tafing cang rtaieu da tac dflng manh me den nhan taiic cua dong bao, ldm thay doi nhiing tap qudn, tam ly ttong cdc cflng dong ddn cu Day Id sy taay dfii tich cyc vd cung Id yeu tfi Idm taay dfii nhimg tri taiic bdn dja ttong van hod sdn xuat cua ba cdc dan tpc thieu sfi Tuy lihien, ciing chinh sy bien doi dfi da lam cho rapt bg phan dfing bdo dan tpc thieu so ngdy cang bi If taupe, tay ddng hon so vdi truyen thong Hg chd dgi vfln tit Nhd nudc dl sdn xuat, hg mua quan may san taay tae each an mac truyen thong ciia dan tgc bang cdch an mac cua ngudi mien xudl, hg chiia bfnh bang thufic Tay; y hpc co truyen khfing cdn dugc quan tam, tti taiic bdn dia cdn Iai bi xem nhe Dac bift, tieng ndi va chii viet, mgt ttong nhiing yeu tfi bieu trung van hod tgc ngudi ciing suy giam mgt each ngjiiem ttgng De giao tiep, hg thudng vay mupn nhiing thudt ngy kinh te, chinh tti tieng phd thfing, da tao nen mpt dgng ngfin ngii pha tgp Ben canh dd, chuyen den khu tdi djnh cu, dien tich rung cua dfing bdo cdc dan tpc fhieu sfl cang bj thu h?p Dieu da lam mdt di mfli trudng truyen thflng va tin nguong da taan cfl so ciia dfing bao, Iam don dieu ddi sfing van hod cflng dong ma d dd nhimg sinh hogt nhu le hpi, dien tiu cdng chieng, dupe xem nhu Id ban sac, la von quy cua cdc dan tpc Truyen tafing van hda cdc dan tgc cua dan tdi dinh cu khfing dugc chu ttpng day dii, vdy cac truyen thfing van hoa dan tgc bi phai md; cdc phong tuc, y phuc vd le hgi truyin tadng cua cdc dan tgc bi giam lugc va hi mai mfit dan Cdc mfii quan hf ttong ngi bp timg dan tflc cijng nhu giiia cdc ddn tpc da bi tdc dfing mgnh Cac quan hf cii bj pha va 39 Tap chi nghien cuv Dia ly nhSn van, so (7)- Thing 12/2014 3.2 Tdc dong cl^n dcfi s6ng, vdn de an loan cac quan h? lang ban mdi chua dugc thiet cua ngitdi ddn idi dinh cu lap vung chae-nen tinh cdng ddng suy giam, xuat hi$n nhilu vy tranh chip vl dit nuong Qua nhilu nam, nha TDC va cac edng ray va ngudn nudc trinh cdng cdng xudng cap nghiem trgng, - Su chenh lech giUa cdc the he viec hien tugng sat Id dit ludn xay de dga tinh bdo ton cdc gid tri van hod: Hien nay, ddng mang va tai san cua ngudi dan, ma khu TDC gdm nha dan, trudng hgc, try sd UBND bao dan tgc thieu sd vimg tai dinh cu van cdn xa dugc bd tri ben mep hd thiiy di?n liay luu giu dugc nhirng net co ban sinh vimg dit cd ddc ldn nen trudc mSi miia boat van hoa tinh thin ciia dan tdc minh Mdt so truyin dan gian, nhiing lan dieu dan ca, mua tdi, mgi ngudi deu lo sg bi dat sgt Id va dan vij van tdn t^ tam thiic, nhieu nudc cudn trdi He thdng nude ty chay cung phong tuc t^p quan van dugc tri Nhung cip nudc sinh boat cho ngudi dan b| hu hdng dieu dang quan tam la, nhihig ngudi cd the hoan toan, ngudi dan khdng cd nudc de sinh thirc hi$n dugc cac sinh hoat truyin thdng hoat, ban ntta giao thdng vao khu TDC bj s§t diu da d dg tadi tit 50 trd len, thi he tre Id, gay ach tac nhieu doan rat khd Idian khdng thiet tha gi Nguyen nhan chii yeu vice di lai cugc sdng thilu dn dinh, chua cd dit canh Qua trinh xay dung cac nha may thuy di^n tac,- chua quen vdi ky thuat canh tac vimg sinh nhieu van de phiic tap, niu khdng thap (long ho) len vimg cao {khu tai dinh cu), giii quyet thiu dao se gay hlu qua xiu cho nen ddi sdng kinh te gap nhieu khd khan, chu mdi trudng sinh thai, tiem an nguy co ngh^o yeu trdng chd v^o ngudn cung cip cua nha va tai ngheo tai cac du an thdy didn D5c bift nudc; vi v^y, khdng it nien cac la anh hudng din ddi sing ngudi dan ma gia dinh van quay trd ve "que cii" phat nuong "Nhiing noi cd ngudn nudc ddi dao, dit dai lam ray, khdng cdn thdi gian quan tam din mau mo thi long hd thuy dien chilm H? hgc tsip cac gia tri vSn hoa tir nhimg ngudi thdng dudng giao thdng, h$ thong cung cip Idn taoi Mat khae, d cae khu tai dinh cu, nudc nggt, cung cip dien la nhiing dilu ki?n sdng phat thanh, truyen hinh da den vdi ddng CO sd hji ting ma ngudi dan va chinh quyln bao vdi chat lugng cang cao, them ntta, dia phuang dugc cho la hudng lgi tir cac nha nhan dugc tien den bii nen nhilu gia dinh may thuy dien Nhung nha may xay dyng cd dilu Jcijn mua dai, tivi, diu dia VCD; sinh xong nhung dudng dd trd nhimg ho^t van hoa cang md rdng theo hudng hgi nh$p, tiep nh^n van hoa hien dai Tuy dojm dudng khd ddi vdi ngudi dan, h | v^y, day ciing chinh la nguyen nhan lam eho thdng cung cip nudc sach niu cd thi hiu nhu mgt bg phan nhttng ngudi tre tudi tiep can va da hu hdng khdng cdn sut dyng dugc ntta gay cd tam ly simg bai cac gia tri van hoa ngoai lang phi ngudi dan sdng tinh cgng ddng ma thd a vdi nhiing gia tri van hoa trang thieu nudc sach truyin thdng cua dan tdc mmh Vdn de an todn cua nguai ddn tdi dinh cu: Theo khao sat cua Uy ban nhan dan Ben canh dd, mdt sd gia tri van hoa cdng huyen Die Giong thi ed tren 80/320 can nha dong (cac di?u dan ca, dan vii, cac Ioai nhac da dugc xay dyng cd nguy ca syp bit cii cy) dugc dem bilu diln khdng gian liic iiao yi dugc xay dyng tren mat bing cd mdi, dugc giao luu vdi gia tri van hoa ctia ddc din 40% vao thang tren dia ban tinh cac dan tgc khae, dd ciing cd nhiJng thay Dak Ndng van chira vao cao dilm mua mua doi ca ve am thiic va tilt tiu; sir nhan thiic lu nhung da cd khoang 20 can nha bi sat Id the gidi xung quanh cua ddng bao dan tgc da vuon khdi nh|in thitc truyin thong "nha Mdt so giai phap lang" den nh^n thiic "nha - lang - nudc" va 4.1 Giai phap ve chinh sich cdn hon niia la thi gidi Tai dinh cu cho cac cdng trinh thuy di?n la 40 Nguyen Thj Bich Nguyet - Mpt so vin de cda tai dinh cw mgt van de quan ttgng, anh hudng ldn den dgi song cua hang ngan ngudi dan, ttong dd chii yeu la dfing bao cac dan tpc thilu sd Neu tayc hifn khfing tfit co thi gdy nhilu hau qud xa hpi hit siic phiic tgp Thyc hifn nguyen tac cfing khai, dan chu, mmh bgch, chinh xdc, cfing bang va kjp tadi ttong thfing ke, dp gia, den bu cac hfi ddn Noi mflt cdch khde, chinh sdch tai diita cu can dya tten cdch tiep can trao quyen cho ngudi dan, taay vi viec dap ling don tauan nhu ciu thilt yeu cua hp Do dd, de nang cao hifu qud cfing tdc tdi djnh cu cho cac dy dn taiiy dien vira va nhd nen tgp trung vdo mpt sfi npi dung sau: -Phan cap mgnh vd ttao quyen cho cac cap CO sd, nhat la cap huyfn, xa gan vdi vifc nang cao nang lyc cua dpi ngu cdn bp quy hogch va cdn bp tryc tiep lam cfing tdc di dan, tdi djnh cu vfin cdn rat taieu kinh nghifm thyc tien va chuyen mfln Bp may quan ly Du dn di dan, tdi djnh cu tauy difn phai de cao trdch nhiem, gan bfi, sau sdt, lang nghe tdm tu, nguyfn vgng ciia nhan dan de kip tadi xd ly, tado gd nhung vudng mac, kho kimn phdt sinh ttong qud trinh thyc hifn d CO sd, dam bdo tien di dan, tdi djnh cu vgn hanh theo hudng dflng bp, taong itaat Trong qua ttinh Igp ke hogch di dan, tdi dinh cu nen khuyen khich cdc hinh taiic di dan khflng tap trung taeo phuang thiic xen ghep, ty nguyen rtalm hgn che siic ep ve dat dai, nang cao kha nang tu dilu chinh phyc hfli nhanh cupc sfing cua cdc hp dan sau tdi dinh cu, hgn che nhiing xung dot ve van hda va phong tyc tap qudn giiia cdc cfing dfing Phuong thiic Nha nudc hd ttg van chuyen, san ui nin, nhan dan ty thdo dd rihd cii, lip dyng tai noi d mdi theo sd thich nguyen vpng la mfit cdch ldm phii hgp; nhanh chdng ddm bao on dinh cugc sdng cho cflng dfing dan din dinh cu va epng dong dan sd tai tten cdc mat nhtt: sinh ke, nha d, an ninh lycmg thyc, vifc idm, phdt trien sdn xuat, giao thdng, ttarta nhiing riii ro di dan, tdi dinh cu gay nen Trong hf tafing dong bfi tren, cin dac bift chu ttpng viec giai quyet van de nudc sinh hogt, sdn xuat va canh tdc dat, vi day Id haiyeu tfl mang tinh quyet djnh den vifc fin djrta cupc song ttong tadi gian trudc mat ciing nhu lau dai ciia cac hg dan Can co quy dirta hinh thdita quy phuc hoi thu nhap sau tai djrta cu de hfi ttg lau dai cho ngudi dan ttong khoang tu 10 den 20 nam Ngudn vfin ndy tinh toan vdo ngan sdch dy dn va chii dau tu du dn se trich lgi nhuan hogc taue tdi nguyen sau dua cong ttuta vdo hogt dflng Tang cudng cfing tdc dan van itaam tgo su dong tauan ciia dfing bao cdc dan tpc dfii vdi chu truang chinh sdch tdi diita cu Moi cflng dflng dan tflc cd nhiing tadi quen, Ifli sflng, tap tuc carta tac khde rtaau, tham chi ttong mgt cflng dong, khd nang nhan taiic va tdc dgng cua vifc tdi diita cu ciing khde rtaau giira cdc tang Idp, the hf ngudi Bdi vdy, chinh sdch tdi dinh cu khflng tae dfing nhat ttong mpt tdng the md phai cfi cdc chinh sdch het sire cu tae cho timg doi tugng 4.2 Giai phap cho ke hoach tai dinh cir va cai thifn sinh kl epng 6hng a Ho trcf ngudi ddn tdi dinh cu thiet ke, xay dung vd on dinh cuoc song tqi nai tdi djnh cu Difn tich dat dai can thiet phai dupe chudn bi san sang trudc tdi djnh cu cho ngudi ddn, ddm bdo tuan tau cdc dieu khodn ttong khung chinh sdch tdi djita cu Dat canh tdc trudc giao cho ngudi dan phdi dugc co quan cd chuyen mdn xem xet, phan tich ddnh gid ve chat lugng, dam bdo nang suat Ioai cay djrta ttfing Qua ttinh tai djnh cu can dugc tien hanh mgt each hifu qua va ben vung hon Can phai giai quyet mflt each taan ttgng nhihig van de khd khan ma ngudi dan dang gap phdi va xay dyng ke hogch tdng the de thdo gd kho khan cho tai djnh cu Cdc chuang trirta tai djnh cu phai tien hdnh song song voi chuang ttinh giai quyet viec lam cho ngudi dan tdi djnh cu Da sd ngudi tai dinh cu ttong tuoi lao dfing khfing cd ttinh dp, chuyen radn ky tauat; kmh nghifm thi trudng cdn rit nhilu hgn che, dd hp la nhiing dfii tugng rat dl 41 T^p chi nghien ed'u Dja ly nhin van, so (7)- Thing 1212014 bj ton thuong neu khdng co sy hfi ttg hifu qud cua chinh quyln dja phuong vd ban qudn ly di dan tdi djnh cu; cin chu dgng xay dung cdc chuong trinh dao tgo vd dao tgo lai cho ngudi ddn tai djnh cu Tang cudng cflng tdc taong tin cho ngudi dan d cdc vitng chju tdc dflng cua chuong trinh tdi djnh cu taiiy dien, cy tae ttau cac tadng tin lien quan den phap luat, chu truang chirta sach din bii, kl hoach quy hoach di dan tdi djnh cu Ben cgnh dd, cdc cap chinh quyln phdi thiet lap kerta tafing tin hai chieu, ddm bao rang mpi tdc dpng ciia qua trinh den dugc rtaung ngudi phai di ddi, cdc dien bien vd xu hudng ciia qud trinh di dan, tdi djnh cu phdi dugc phan arta kip tacfi d cdp cao hon de co nhiing bifn phap can thiep diing miic dupe todn tryc tiep bang tien cho ngucri dan bi thift hgi Tuy nhien mat ttdi ciia vifc den bii blng tiln cho ngudi dan ma khfing co bit ki hfi tto nao ve qudn ly tdi chmh, huong ddn chi tieu co thi gay nhung tdc dpng khfing mong mudn cho ngudi dan, ma cac hf bi thiet hai dupe den bit hau het Id ngudi dan tpc thilu sd COttirtadp dan tti khfing cao va ky nang qudn ly kinh te hg hau nhu chi ttong nin kinh te ty cung tu cdp Cac hp dan nhan tiln den bu su dyng tien den bii de giii tiet kiem, mua sam, trang bj rtaiing thiet bj, phuang tifn sinh hogt ttong dd chua hi CO su dau tu ndo vao phat trien kinh te Voi vifc sir dung tien den bu khong hifu qua se gdy nhiing tdc dflng tieu cyc den ddi sfing ciia hp sau Cdc hg dan tai dinh cu can cd nhiing ho b Tgo thim nhieu cff hdi cho ngudi ddn tdi trg them vifc quan ly, sir dyng nguon dinh Cit dugrc iham gia vdo chuang trinh cdi von den bii (nhu to chirc cac Idp tap huan thi$n sinh ki ndng cao nhgn taiic) Giai phdp d ddy la cin Ngudi ddn tai djita cu can phai nhan taiic tao lap mgt qu)^ phuc hfii sinh kl cho ngudi dugc rdng hp can phai ndng dflng hon vd cd dan tgi moi diem tai dinh cu mfit to chiic dpng lyc hon ttong ^i|c tun ya huy dgng cdc cua cfing dfing qudn Iy To chiic se cimg gidi phdp nhim ph^iiien smti''kl cho chinh ngudi ddn bdn bgc, lap kl hogch khoi phyc bdn taan hg Ngudi bi diih hu'dng se khfing di sinh ke dl su dyng tiln den bii mfit each thilt ddi ma chua cd dit ndng nghifp va phai thyc va hifu qud nhit cho ngudi dan Sfi tien cd chiln lugc smh ke hifu qua trudc hg dugc qudn ly chung dudi dang mgt quy phat tai dinh cu Cdc cdn bg nhdn vien thuc hifn ttien va cfing dflng se cimg quylt dinh sir dy an phdi tado lugn vdi nhimg nguoi tai dyng sd tiln dl tao cdc nguon sinh kl djnh cu vl rihiing gi hg cfi tai lam tai dilm khde thay cho ngudn sinh kl bi mit vifc tdi dinh cu de co tau nhgp, logi cay ttfing gi hp CO thi ttfing va djch vu khuyen nflng can tai dinh cu gdy Nhu tun cay ttflng, vat thiet ndo ma co tai can tdi dl giup da hp tai nufli dac tnmg vdi vimg dy an cd gid tri kinh mfii trudng mdi te cao gdp phin xda ddi gidm ngheo cho dfing bdo miln mii./ Cdc khoan den bii tdi dinh cu chu ylu TAI LIEU THAM K H A O - n i ' o f t ^ ^ ^ L f v ^ ' ^ / r i J f r - i ? ' ? f ' " ' '^ °"^"3 ^^"^ "^* ^^"9 '^" ^l^* 18 khoa XIX thao iu|n chuySn dfe Binh gii 1^1 vi$c phit tnin ttiuy diin trin Oia ban Unit Quing Nam' l^^"J^lfpl^ii>^^-COr^.(2m^).-Ti,ma>trongcicd^i„th0ya(n-.tMli^>,ii^ http://www.tainQuvenmoifauonocomvn htto://cema.Qov.vn/modules php 42 ... dong d Kon Tum, Phii Yen - Bien doi cdch to chiec, qudn ly dai song cong ddng: cdc dan tgc mien Trung va Tay Nguyen, tinh cfing dfing cao la mfit ttong nhiing dgc tnmg co bdn, tieu bilu hinh nen... taiic bdn dia cdn Iai bi xem nhe Dac bift, tieng ndi va chii viet, mgt ttong nhiing yeu tfi bieu trung van hod tgc ngudi ciing suy giam mgt each ngjiiem ttgng De giao tiep, hg thudng vay mupn nhiing... Do dd, de nang cao hifu qud cfing tdc tdi djnh cu cho cac dy dn taiiy dien vira va nhd nen tgp trung vdo mpt sfi npi dung sau: -Phan cap mgnh vd ttao quyen cho cac cap CO sd, nhat la cap huyfn,