TINH HINH S t r DUNG DAT NONG N G H I E P O V I E T NAM VA M O T SO KIEN NGHI CHINH SACH Trdn Phan Hieu* TOM TAT Qud trinh cong nghiep hoa a Vi$t Nam gdn 30 ndm qua dd tgo nhicng thdnh tint phdt triin nong nghiep ddng ghi nhdn Tuy nhien tren thuc ti, ndng sudt lao dgng nong nghiep cua Viet Nam hien thdp han so v&i nhieu quoc gia khdc khu vuc vd trin the gi&i Cong nghiip hoa vd thi hoa gt khiin ddt dai nong nghiip ngdy cdng bi thu hep vd phdn tdn, dnh hu&ng khong nho din hiiu qud sdn xudt, viic ldm vd ki sinh nhai cua dgi da so luc lugng lao dgng nong nghiip cua Viit Nam hien Mac dii Viet Nam vdn ndm so it cdc nu&c dang cd lgi thi vi sdn xudt ndng nghiip vd xudt khdu nong sdn, nhung thuc trgng su dung ddt nong nghiip manh miin vd khong hieu qud a Viet Nam hiin dang dgt nhicng thdch thuc l&n ve chinh sdch nhdm ddm bdo an ninh luong thuc vdphdt trien nong nghiip bin vicng Mdddu Viet Nam Id mdt nudc ddng ddn vd phdn ldn ddn sd sdng d khu vyc ndng nghiep vd ndng thdn Theo thdng ke ndm 2013, tdng dien tich cd nudc 330.951 km^, ddt ndng nghiep Id 262.805 km^ (ehilm tdi 79,4%) Dien tich ddt ty nhien v.a ddt ndng nghiep tren ddu ngudi d Viet Nam dang cd chieu hudng giam tdc dp tdng ddn sd cao dang ddt rdt nhieu thdch thiic viec su dyng ddt ndng nghiep Viet Nam hien Theo danh gid cua Ngdn hdng Thi gidi, Viet Nam thupc nhdm cac nudc cd dien tich ddt ndng nghiep tren ddu ngudi thdp tren the gidi, chua bdng 1/3 so vdi Thai Lan va Campuchia Cdn theo ket qua khao sdt mirc sdng cu ddn Viet Nam ndm 2010 Tdng cue Thdng ke tiln hanh, 70% hd gia dinh • Thgc sf, Ogi hpc Sir pham, Dgi hpc Od NSng 40 ndng thdn cd dien tich ddt ndng nghiep dudi 0,5 Chinh vi vdy, dd gidi quyet vdn de sii dung ddt ndng nghiep cho hieu qua la mgt bai todn khd ddi vdi chinh phii vd cac chinh quyen dja phucmg thdi gian tdi Thirc trang sv dung dat ndng nghiep d- Vift Nam hien 1.1 Bi$n tich ddt trpt trin d&u ngu&i ngdy cdng thu hep Tinh hit 31/12/2014, theo so lieu Clia Tdng cyc Thdng ke, tdng dien tic dat ndng nghiep d Viet Nam Id 26.822.900 ha, tdng hon 1,25 Idn so vdi ndm 2000 Trong dd, lugng dat tang nhilu nhdt Id ddt lam nghiep (tang 4.270.173 ha), ddt san xudt ndng nghiep (tang 1.254.200 ha), ddt nudi trdng thuy sdn (tang 340.054 ha) Sy gia tang dien tich ddt ndng nghiep thdi gian qua Tgp chi nghiin ciru CHAU PHI & TRUNG DONG SO 06 (118) thang 6/2015 Tinh hinh stydung dat ndng nghiep Tran Phan Hieu la mdt tin hieu ddng mimg, ehii yeu la cai tao ddt, md rdng dien tich trdng rimg vd cdng tac day manh khai hoang, thuy lgi va nudi trdng thuy sdn Bang Hien trang sa dung dat nong nghiep ff Viet Nam giai doan 2000-2014 (ha) 2000 2005 20.939.679 24.822.560 8.977.S00 9.415.568 11.575.027 14.677.409 367.846 700.061 18.904 14.075 402 15.447 Nguon: Tong dieu tra ddt dai nam 2000, 2005, 2010 va Nien gidm thong ke Tong di^n tich dat nong nghi?p Ddt san xuat n6ng nghidp Dat lam nghidp Dat nuoi tiiuy san Dat lam muoi Dat nong nghidp khac Nhin chung, quy mo dat nong nghidp a Vi?t Nam bien la nho Ie, mamh mun, nhat la tai cac tinh phia Bac Neu nhu nam 1994, CO toi 71% so ho co quy quy ruong 6kx duai 0,5 ha, thi sau 17 nam (den n5m 2011) v&l c5n tdi 60% so ho canh tac duoi 0,5 Day la mijrc giam rat cham chap the hien qua trinh tich tu va tap trung ruong dat gap rit nhiSu kho khan Dieu da va dang han chS ling dyng tiSn bo khoa hpc ky thuat vao san xujt nong nghiep ciing nhu khai thac loi th^ theo quy mo' Dien tich dit lua giam tir tren 4,3 trieu nam 2001 xu6ng 4,078 tri?u nam 2014^ Viec giam 222 nghin dit lua giai doan 20012014 la do thi hoa va cong nghiep hoa da chuyin mot phin dit nong nghiep (trong CO dit Ilia) sang dit phi nong nghiep Theo thdng ke cua Bp Nong nghiep va Phat trien nong thon, chi tinh riSng giai doan 2000 2009, dien tich dit tr6ng liia ca nucrc da giam toi 378 nghin 700 ha, tdc dp giam 1%/nam Di$n tich dit trdng lua giam tap trung chu ygu d viing ddng blng, ven dd thi chuyen ddi nudi trdng thuy sSn, phat trijn cdng nghi?p, dich vy va thi hoa Cac vimg co dien tich dit trdng liia giam nhiSu la ddng bang sdng Cira Long (giam 217.900 ha, chiim 57% tdng dien tich), Ddng Nam Bp (giam 71.300 ha, chiem 18,1%), ddng bang 2010 26.100.160 10.117.893 15.249.025 690.218 17.562 25.462 nam 2014 2014 26.822.900 10.231.700 15.845.200 707.900 17.900 20.200 song Hdng (giam 59.400 ha, chiem 14,4%) Trong dd, mdt sd tinh thudc vimg kinh te diem qudc gia cd tdc dp phat trien cdng nghiep va dd thi hda nhanh cho nen tdc dp giam dat trdng liia cung kha cao O phia Bic, giai do?n 2000 - 2009, tdc dp giam dit trdng lua tai Thu Ha Ndi la 3%/nam; Htmg Yen giam 2,2%/nam; Hai Ducmg giam 2,5%/nam phia Nam, TP Hd Chi Minh giam 8%/nam, Binh Duong giam 6,6%/nam^ Dit trdng lua vin tiip tuc bi mat din, da va dang tie ddng Ion din doi sdng nguoi dan ndng thdn, de dpa nghiem trpng an ninh luong thuc qudc gia Tinh theo quy md dien tich dit ndng nghiep theo hd gia dinh, dien tich dat trdng liia Clia cac hp cdn rat nhd Hinh cho thay tinh chimg ca nudc, cac nhdm hd cd quy md rit nhd va nhd chiem ty le rat ldn, dd sd hd chi cd khoang 0,2 dat/hd chiem tdi 50% tdng sd hd su dung dat trdng liia; sd ho sijr dimg tir 0,2 den dudi 0,5 dit/hp chiem 35% Tinh chung sd hd sir dung dat dudi 0,5 ha/hp chiem tdi 85% tdng sd hd sir diing dat trdng lua Nhdm cd quy md dit trdng liia mirc tnmg binh (tir 0,5 den dudi ha) chiem 8,5%, nhdm hd cd quy md dit tnmg binh (tir den dudi ha) chiem 4,4% va nhdm hd cd quy md dit dai ldn Tap chi nghiin ciru CHAU PHI & TRUNG B6NG SO 06 (118) thang 6/2015 Tran Phan Hieu Tinh hinh su'dung dat ndng nghiep (tren ha) chiem 2,3% Viing cd quy md ddt binh quan la 14.000 m^/hd vdo ndm 2011 trdng Ilia nhd nhdt thupc ve ddng bdng sdng Chi rieng ddng bdng sdng Cuu Long cd sd Hdng vd duyen hai ven bien Theo sd lieu hd tren chidm 13,4% tdng sd hp dieu tra ciia Tdng cue Thdng ke, tai ddng vung, nhung Iai chiem tdi 87% so hd trdng bdng sdng Hdng, dien tich ddt trdng liia binh Ilia cd dien tich tren ciia cd nudc Cdn qudn mdt hd gia dinh dat sd thdp nhdt tai cac vung khdc, ddc biet Id ddng bdng (2.100 m^/hd vdo nam 2011), ddng sdng Hdng, dien tich ddt trdng liia cua hg gia bdng sdng Cuu Long dien tich ddt trdng Iiia dmh rat nhd be BTmh 1: Quy mo dat lua cua ho nong nghiep (%) illii l l BSH TDMNPB BflcTnmssbg TmNgiiyai vaDHMieii Tnins! • DiToi0.21in •02-0 '^ •0.5-:hn iTieiiZlia Nguon: Tong dieu tra nong thon, nong nghidp, thuy son 2011 Theo ddnh gia ciia Ngan hang ThS gidi, trii dit cang ndng len nen se cd tdi 590 ngin hecta dat ndng nghiep d Viet Nam s6 mit ngip lyt va xam nhap nudc biin tinh den nim 2030 Trong tinh hudng xiu thi ITnh vyc sin xuat ndng nghiep d Viet Nam cd thS mit tdi hon trieu tin gao vio nim 2030 vi trieu tin gao vao nam 2050 nhihig tic dpng ve mit bdi ling phii sa sdng Cuu Long, gia tang nhiet dp vi nuoc bien dang cao Mdt nghien cihi cua Vi$n Nghien cilu Quin ly Kinh ti Trung uong thyc hi?n nim 2012 cho thiy, din nim 2020, sin lupng lua dupc tinh toin chi cdn du cho nhu ciu tieu thu nudc chir khdng cdn ning xuit khiu vi nhihig ly lien quan din sut giim dien tich dit ndng nghi?p ndi chung 1.2 Quy hoach rudng dat manh miin Viet Nam li mdt nhiing nudc cd mirc dp manh miin dit dai rit cao theo tieu chuin Clia thi gidi Bio cio cua Ngan hang Thi gidi nam 2003 cho thiy, Viet Nam cd khoing 75 100 trieu minh dit, trung binh mdt hp sd hihi minh khic vi khoang 10% sd manh dit cd dien tich nhd hem lOOm^ Theo Dieu tra ndng thdn ciia du an DANIDA (Dan Mach) phdi hpp vdi Bp Ndng nghiep va Phat triin ndng thdn Vi$t Nam thuc hien tai 12 tinh tir thing 7-9/2008 din thing 6-8/2010, Viet Nam cd di$n tich dit canh tac tnmg binh mdi hp ndng din la 0,85 ha, trung binh cd 4,7 minh dit khdc nhau, tdng khoang each tir noi d den ruOng Clia cac hd ndng dan li 4,7 km' Tap chi nghien ciru CHAU PHI & TRUNG DONG si 06 (118) thing 6/2015 Tran Phan Hieu Tinh hinh su* dung dat ndng nghiep Bang Thirc trang manh mun dat dai d Viet Nam nam 2010 Dien tich ddt canh tdc (ha) (tnmg binh) Ha Tay Lao Cai Phu Tho Lai Chau Dien Bien Nghe An Quang Nam Khanh Hoa DikLJk Dak Nong Lam Dong Long An Dong bSng phia B4C Mien niii phia B&c Tay Nguyen Dong bang phia Nam 0,24 1,06 0,51 0,95 " 1,19 0,68 0,36 1,00 1,47 2,61 1,37 1,52 0,41 1,06 1,83 0,94 Dien tich ddt So mdnh \ canh tdc ddt i (trung vi) Tinh 0,17 5,3 0,74 5,1 0,26 6,2 0,78 5,3 ! 0,89 6,1 0,31 4,8 0,26 4,5 0,41 3,5 J 1,10 3,9 2,00 3,1 1,08 2,9 0,70 3,0 Vung 0,22 5,5 0,83 5,5 1,25 3,4 0,36 3,7 Tong li:hodng cdch den cdc mdnh (lan) 4,066 6,499 4,084 9,655 12,196 3,871 3,180 4,242 5,754 7,188 5,036 2,298 4,034 9,602 6,066 2,828 4,766 4,7 0,36 0,85 [ Tong so ! Mlu khao sat: 1995 Ngudn: Thomas Markussen, Finn Tarp, Do Huy Thiip, Nguyen Do Anh Turn (2010), Phdn mdnh dot dai cda hg vdphdn mdnh ddt dai giira cdc hg ndng nghiep a Viit Nam Truang Dgi hgc Copenhagen (Dan Mgch) phdi hgp v&i Viin Chiin luge vd Chinh sdch phdt triin nong nghiip vd ndng thon Bang thd hien edc sd lieu thdng ke md td vd tinh trang phan mdnh ddt quy md chung va quy md hd nam 2010 chia theo tinh vd viing Sy phdn manh ddt frd nen nghiem trpng Viet Nam, dac biet la d khu vuc phia Bdc CJ khu vyc ddng bdng Bdc bd, trung binh mpt hd dan chi cd khodng 0,41 dat canh tac, dien tich ddt bi chia lam 5,5 mdnh khac Tinh trang phdn mdnh ddt Clia cdc hp d mien niii phia Bac tham chi cdn nghiem trpng hon dac thii dia hinh ddi niii, ddc biet khoang each di Iai den cac mdnh ddt d cdc ho mien niii phia Bac len tdi 9,6 km Ddt dai d khu vyc phia Nam It phdn mdnh hon (trung binh 3,7 mdnh/hd), dien tich trung binh ciia cdc trang trgi vira nhd hon lai it bj chia nhd va khodng each di lai giiia cdc mdnh ddt la 2,8 km Do ddc thii ve mat dp ddn sd nen ddt dai d khu vuc phia Bde manh miin hon rdt nhieu so vdi khu vuc phia Nam Sy phdn tan vd manh miin ddt dai dang dem Iai nhidu nii ro cho cde hp gia dinh sdn xudt ndng nghiep d Viet Nam, dac bi?t lam ndng cao chi phi di Iai, chi phi dp dyng cdng nghe may mdc hien dai va nhidu Ioai chi phi khac Nguyen nhdn manh miin ddt dai Vi?t Nam ehii ydu la dieu kien lich su, ddc thu vd mat dd dan sd, yeu td van hda vd dinh hudng ehinh sdeh Do mat dp dan sd d cac vimg dong bdng Iudn d miie eao, dien tich ddt canh tac binh qudn ddu ngudi phai chia nhd dd ddm bdo ngudi ddn ddu cd rupng ddt canh tac Cdc chinh sach phdn phdi dat dai Tgp chi nghien ciru CHAU PHI & TRUNG DONG SO 06 (118) thang 6/2015 t43 Tinh hinh sif dung dat ndng nghiep Tran Phan Hieu chi cd 45 - 50 kg phan la dugrc cdy trdng hap thy va cho sdn pham ndng sdn phyc vu muc dich gieo trdng Sd lugng phan bdn bj nia trdi ma eay khdng hdp thy dupc chinh la mdt nhirng ngudn gdy d nhiem ddt, mdt sd Ioai phdn bdn cd tdn du axit, Iam 1.3 Chdt lupng ddt nong nghiep xuong cdp chua ddt, giam ndng sudt cdy trdng vd tdng Trong qua trinh cdng nghiep hda, chat ddc td ddt Theo bao cdo cua Bd Tai lupng dat ndng nghiep d Viet Nam da khdng nguyen vd Mdi trudng, mdi nam hoat ddng dupc ddm bdo vd ndng cap Cdc nguyen ndng nghiep phdt sinh khodng 9.000 tdn chit nhdn khien chdt lupng ddt ndng nghiep thai ndng nghiep nguy hai, chu yeu la thudc xudng cdp chii yeu Id ddt d nhiem vi nudc BVTV, khdng it loai thudc cd dp thai sinh boat, nudc thdi cdng nghiep, chat ddc cao dd bj cam su dyng Ngodi ra, ca thai phd lieu, Iam dyng hda chdt Qua trinh nudc cdn khoang 50 tan thudc bdo ve thuc thodi hod dat nghiem trpng d Viet Nam the vdt tdn luu tai hang chuc kho bai; 37.000 tdn hien qua nhieu khia canh: +) Xdi mdn nia hda chdt dung ndng nghidp bi tich thu trdi bac mau mdt rimg, mua Idn, canh tac dang dup'c luu giir chd xir ly^ khdng hop Iy, chdn tha qua miic; +) Chua Chdt lugng ddt ndng nghiep ngdy cang hod, man hod, phen hod, hoang mac hod, cat bay, dd Id ddu, mat cdn bang dinh duong; +) xudng cdp la mdt nhiing nguyen nhan nhiem ddt dai chat thai va sii dyng hda dan den nang suat Iao dpng ndng nghiep ciia Viet Nam thdp nhdt so vdi nang sudt ciia lao chdt dat.Theo thdng ke cua Cyc Bdo vd dpng chung cua todn ndn kinh td Nang suat thuc vdt (Bd Ndng nghiep va Phdt trien ndng lao ddng ndng nghiep khdng chi thap thdn), viec nhap khdu va sir dyng thudc bdo so vdi cdc ngdnh kinh te khdc nudc ma ve thue vdt (BVTV) dang gia tang mdt each so vdi cac nudc khu vyc thi nang suat dang bao ddng Sd Iupng thude BVTV nhdp Iao dpng ndng nghiep ciia Viet Nam cQng rat khdu tir 20.000 tdn nam 2005 len ddn gdn thdp, thdm chi cdn thdp hon cd hai nudc ldng 50.000 tdn ndm 2014 Tir ndm 1985 din nay, gieng la Lao va Campuchia sd Iupng phdn bdn tieu thu da tang tdi 500% Viet Nam hien sir dyng khoang 10 trieu tdn Mdt so giai phap nang cao hieu qua phdn bdn cdc loai mdi ndm Lam dyng thudc su dung dat nong nghiep d Viet Nam bdo ve thyc vat, sir dyng phdn bdn hda hpc Thye trang su dyng ddt ndng nghiep d khdng diing each, ngudn thdi tir chdn nudi Viet Nam thdi gian qua khidn ndng san xudt ndng nghiep Id nhung nguyen nghiep phdt trien chua tuong xung vdi ti^m nhdn gay nen tinh trang d nhidm ddt ngdy nang, hieu qua sii dyng dat thdp, ndng suat cdng nghiem trpng d nhidu noi Tuy nhien, Iao ddng thdp va khdng ddng ddu, tinh trang ket qua dieu tra ciia Td chiic Luong thuc va san xudt manh miin, phdn tan vdn tdn tai Ndng nghiep Lien hop qudc (FAO) cho thdy, Thuc trang gay nhihig he luy khdng hieu qud sir dung phan bdn d Viet Nam chi nhd cho phdt trien ndng nghiep vd ndng dat 45 - 50% Didu dd cd nghia Id ndng dan thdn, lam eho ngudi ndng dan cdng gap cir bdn 100 kg phdn urea hodc NPK vao ddt nhieu khd khan hon vd viec lam, thu nh|p, theo han dien duoc dp dung thdng qua Luat Ddt dai 1993 va sau la Luat Dat dai 2003, vdi viec han che dien tich sii dung ddt, ddn den viec ndng ddn hien dang canh tdc tren nhiing thira rudng rat manh miin Tgp chi nghiin cu-u CHAU PHI & TRUNG DONG s6 06 (118) thang 6^015 Tinh hinh su'dung dat ndng nghiep Tran Phan Hieu ddn den tinh trang phan hda giau ngheo nguyen hiiu ban vd khdng cd khd ndng ty tdi thi - ndng thdn cdng doang rdng tao, vi vay khdng nen chuyen ddi ddt dai va tinh trgng di ddn tir ndng thdn Ien tran lan va ldng phi nhu hien thi trd nen khd kiem sodt De sii dyng ddt Thic hai, cdn tiep tuc ddi mdi chinh sdch ndng nghipp mdt each hieu qua hon ddt ndng nghiep lidn quan den thdi hgn vd thdi gian tdi, cdn thuc hien mgt sd gidi phap ban miic dien tich ddt ndng nghipp ddi vdi sau day: timg hp gia dinh Didu 70 Ludt Ddt dai ndm Thtr nhdt, hgn che lay ddt ndng nghiep 2003 quy dinh: mdi hd gia dinh, cd nhdn chi sang phye vu cdc muc dich khde nham dam dugc nhdn chuydn nhugng tdi da ddt bao ddt dai dupc khai thac vd sir dyng hieu ndng nghiep Ludt Dat dai sira ddi nam 2013 qud nhat va han ehe tinh trgng ndng ddn dd md rpng ban miic nhdn chuyen quyen sii khdng cd ddt Khi qua trinh cdng nghiep hda, dung ddt Clia hd gia dinh, ca nhdn ddp iing dd thi hod cdng didn mgnh me thi dat ndng yeu cdu tieh tu ddt dai phuc vy sdn xudt ndng nghiep cdng bi thu hep, vdn de ngudi ddn nghiep theo hudng hien dgi phu hpp vdi mat ddt, khdng cd edng an viec Idm vd trd dudng ldi phat tridn ndng nghiep, ndng thdn, nen ngheo khd cang bien Dat ndng cho phep hd gia dinh, cd nhdn tich ty vdi nghiep da bi thu hdi de xay dung cdc khu dien tieh ldn hon (khdng qud 10 Idn hgn miic cdng nghiep, xay dyng cac khu thi va co giao ddt ndng nghiep) Nhung tidn bd dd sd hg tdng Bdi toan an ninh lucmg thuc d giiip ngudi ndng ddn cd co hdi tich ty va tap Viet Nam dang bi de dpa bdi cac Iy do: ddt trung rupng ddt de san xuat ndng nghiep quy trdng Ilia bi thu hep rdt nhanh, dan sd tang md ldn hon Neu nhu Ludt Ddt dai ndm len, ddng thdi vdi nhu cdu tdng ve cac logi 2003, thdi ban giao ddt ndng nghiep cho ngQ edc eho cdc muc tieu chdn nudi vd cdng ndng ddn Id 20 nam, thi Ludt Ddt dai sira ddi nghiep Ngudi ndng ddn khdng cdn thidt tha ndm 2013 da ndi rpng thdi hgn giao ddt ndng vdi rudng ddng va san xudt Iiia gao vi lpi nghiep Ien 50 nam Day Id nhiing budc tidn nhudn qua thdp Dd ddt ndng nghiep tidp tyc mdi qua trinh tich tu vd tap trung khdng bi thu hep thdi gian tdi, cdn han rudng ddt, ban che tinh trang ddt ndng ehd tdi da viee Idy dat ndng nghiep trdng Iiia nghiep manh miin, phan tan Vipc tang quy vd cdy luong thyc cho mue dich cdng nghiep md ddt canh tac vd ban dien da khidn ngudi vd thi hod Ndu Idy, phdi tinh tdi chi phi ddn yen tam hon ddu tu, canh tdc tren CO hOi gi&a ddt trdng liia, ddt ddi go va ddt ddt ndng nghiep, nhung vdn chua Idm cho hoang hod cho phat trien cdng nghiep - dich ngudi ndng ddn yen tam ddu tu theo chieu vu Cac quy hoach vd ddt ndng nghiep ndi sdu bdi nhiing quy hoach ddt dai cua Viet chung vd ddt trdng liia ndi rieng phdi dam Nam hien vdn chua mang tinh ddi han, bao tinh Idu ddi va hudng tdi bao ve ddt dd thay ddi vi cac myc dich phi ndng nghiep ndng nghipp Trong trudng hgp phdi chuydn Vi vay, md rdng quy md dat ndng nghiep vd ddi ddt ndng nghiep sang ddt Iam cdng ban didn cdn phdi tiep tyc dugc ddi mdi nghipp va dd thi hda, cdn phdi cd nhung quy thdi gian tdi theo hudng md rdng hon dinh phap I^ nipt cdch chat che Bdo ve dat thdi hgn giao ddt ndng nghiep (yen 50 ndm, ndng nghiep ndi chung va ddt trdng Iiia ndi cd thd la 99 ndm nhu nhieu nudc da Idm) de rieng Id cdn thiet vi ddt ndng nghiep Id tdi ngudi ndng dan yen tdm ddn tdm tri, ddn tien Tgp chi nghiin ciru CHAU PHI & TRUNG DONG SO 06 (118) thang 6/2015 45 Tran Phan Hieu Tinh hinh sir dung dat ndng nghiep bac, ddn siic Iyc de tgo nen khu vuc ndng nghiep ed ndng suat vd sdn lugng tdi uu Ddu tu cho ndng nghiep cd phai keo ddi cd hang chuc nam mdi thu dugc Igi nhudn, ndng ddn cdn cd ddt dai rdng Idn de lam trang trai, gia trai dd dua co hod, dua tidn bd khoa hpc cdng nghe vdo san xuat Hon niia, thdi hgn va han miic dien tich chi Id mdt phdn ciia sy dn dinh cdn cd Ndng dan rdt cdn chinh phu phdi cd nhiing quy hogch cy the va ddi ban, dd quy hogch su dyng ddt phdi chi dupc viing ndo Id noi dugc sii dung dat ndng nghiep dn dinh Idu dai, khdng bi thu hdi dl giao cho cdc du dn lam phi ndng nghiep Quy hoaeh sii dyng ddt hien mdi chi tap trung vao vimg cdng nghiep, dd thi, tdng, vi vay rlt cdn phdi quy hogch nhQng viing ndng nghiep khdng bao gid bj ehuyen ddi sang phi ndng nghiep de Ludt Ddt dai siia ddi ndm 2013 dem Igi hieu qud tdi uu Thic ba, edn xdy dyng cdc chinh sach uu dai, hd trp de khuyen khich ngudi ndng dan bdo ve mdi trudng qua trinh sir dung dat ndng nghiep De thue day ndng dan qudn Iy ddt ndng nghiep mdt each ben vung, chinh phii cdn tgo dieu ki?n cho ndng ddn tu chdm lo manh ddt cua minh bang viee thira nhdn quyen sd hihi ddt dai, cho vay tin dung, cung cdp cdng nghe, dao tao ve ndng nghiep Chinh phli ciing cdn khuyen khich nghien ciiu phdt triln cdc ky thudt canh tdc thdn thien ddi vdi mdi trudng vd chdng thodi hda ddt dai ndng nghipp Hon nua, cdc cdp chinh quyin cdn giiip dd ndng ddn chia se kiln thtic kinh nghiem bdo ve cdc ngudn tai nguyen, ddt, nudc vd rimg, su dyng hieu qua hod chdt vd gidm hodc tdi sir dung cae chdt thdi ndng nghiep Chii trpng phat trien mdt nln ndng nghiep sach la hudng di eho Viet Nam thdi gian tdi de dp dyng edc cdng nghe ndng nghiep diing dan vl mdi trudng nhdm ndng 46 cao san lugng cay trdng, tc\ dugc chdt lugng ddt, tai quay vdng cac chdt dinh duong, bdo tdn ngudn nudc vd nang lugng, kiem sodt dugc cdc loai cdn trimg va ed dgi, ehdng thoai hda va d nhilm ddt ndng nghiep Chu thich: ' Tdng dilu tra nong thon, nong nghi?p, thuy san 1994,2001,2006,2011 ^ Tdng dilu tra nong thon, nong nghidp, thiiy san nam 2001 va Nien giam thong ke 2014 ^ Vien Khoa hpc nong nghi?p Viet Nam (2012), Ldm gi di bdo ve 3,81 triiu ddt trdng lua Bo Nong nghi?p va Phat trien nong thdn •* Thomas Markussen, Finn Tarp, D6 Huy Thiep, Nguyen D6 Anh Tuan (2010), Phdn mdnh ddt dai cua hg vd phdn mdnh ddt dai giOa cdc ho nong nghiip & Viit Nam, Trirdng D^i hoc Copenhagen (Dan Mgch) phoi hop vdi Vi?n Chien lupc va Chinh sach phat trien nong nghi?p va nong thon * O nhiem ddt hoa chdt ndng nghiip, Bao Binh Dinh, 5/6/2015, http://www.baobinhdinh.com.vn Tdi lieu t h a m khao Bui Quang Dflng, D^ng Thj Vi^t Phuorng (2011), Rugng ddt vd vdn de phdt trien ndng thon Viit A'am,Vi?n Xa hpi hpc, Vi?n Khoa hpc xa hpi Vi^t Nam CIEM (2014), Gidi phdp phdt triin thi tru&ng quyin sur dung ddt nong nghiip, Bao cao nghien ciiu nam 2014 Ho Dang Hoa, Le Thi Quynh Tran, Ph^m Duy NghTa, Malcolm F.McPherson (2012), Md rgng ddt nong nghiip da di den hdi ket, Bao Tuan VietNam, 29/9/2012 IPSARD (2013), Ndng cao ndng sudt nong nghiip & Viit Nam: Lg trinh cdi cdch, Bao cao nghien cixu nam 2013 Le Thi Anh (2014), Manh mun ddt dai sdn xudt ndng nghiip & Viit nam giai dogn hiin Tap chi Tri thuc & Phat trien Thomas Markussen, Finn Tarp, Do Huy Thi^p, Nguyin Do Anh Tuin (2010), Phdn mdnh ddt dai cua hd vd phdn mdnh ddt dai giOa cdc hg nong nghiep a Viit Nam, Tnrong Dai hoc Copenhagen (Dan Mgch) phdi hpp vdi Vi?n Chiln lupc va Chinh sach phat trien nong nghi?p va nong thdn Tgp chi nghiin ciru CHAU PHI & TRUNG DONG S^ 06 (118) thang 6/2015 ... giam dit trdng lua tai Thu Ha Ndi la 3% /nam; Htmg Yen giam 2,2% /nam; Hai Ducmg giam 2,5% /nam phia Nam, TP Hd Chi Minh giam 8% /nam, Binh Duong giam 6,6% /nam^ Dit trdng lua vin tiip tuc bi mat din,... VietNam, 29/9/2012 IPSARD (2013), Ndng cao ndng sudt nong nghiip & Viit Nam: Lg trinh cdi cdch, Bao cao nghien cixu nam 2013 Le Thi Anh (2014), Manh mun ddt dai sdn xudt ndng nghiip & Viit nam. .. rudng dat manh miin Viet Nam li mdt nhiing nudc cd mirc dp manh miin dit dai rit cao theo tieu chuin Clia thi gidi Bio cio cua Ngan hang Thi gidi nam 2003 cho thiy, Viet Nam cd khoing 75 100 trieu