89 f TAP CHi KHOA HOC SOI (19)-2011 CO CHE QUAN LY XA Hpl NGUdl STlilNG BINH PHlTOC TRUVEN THONG VA HI$N DAI ThS Nguven DuvDadi* TOMTAT • Ngirdi Stieng d* Binli Phudc: Tinh Binh Phudc cd difn tich 6.853,93km-, din so khoang 750.{K)O ngudi dan tdc ihieu s6 cd 25.678 hp, vdi 133.256 nhin khau chiSm gin 20% dan so toin linh nhu Stieng;, Mndng, Khmer, Giarai, EdS, Sana vi Hre Cdng ddng ngudi Shcng cd so din ddng sau ngudi Vici chilm gin 9,02%, Ngudi Siieng dupc biel dSn vdi nhdm; SliSng Biila, Stieng Biidek, StiSng Biibiek Slieng Biilek Hifn chi cd nhdm StiSng Biila vi Stieng Biidek dupc biel din nhilu hon Hogt dgng kinh li ciia ngudi Stieng chii yeu canh tac bing nuong ray, cd the chia cic budc nhu chpn rSy, phil dgn riy ddi rIy, irdng Iiia, trfing khoai, thu hoach, Le hgi ndng nghiep: Ngudi Stieng quan nifm ciy lua cd hdn "plung sru", nhu mdt nu thin nen moi mdt cdng doan ed mgt nghi IS nhit dinh Ngoii ra, ngudi Stieng tin ring cdn cd nhiing the gidi thin linh "vang", la biSu luong ciia uy quyen, siirc manh I Ccr cbe quan Iy Id cbvc xa hoi truyen Ihong: + Td chdc theo quan he gia dinh "yau' vd "nak " dupc the hien qua hai Ioai h'mh co ban, dd la gia dinh chS dp phy he (d Biilo) vi miu hf (d Biidek), Chu nha "Tom yau'" li ngudi dgi difn dS ihuc hifn nhiing cdng viec chung cho "yau", dung giao tiep vdi ben ngoai hay cung iS thin Iinh, cdn quin \y "yau'* la thugc vi tri eiia cac "nak" inang tfnh dgc lap kha rd + Td chirc theo quan he ddng hg, than tgc (gap mpol) dupc chia thinh "mpui" vi "mpang'" ("piil" li ddng hp tinh tir ong bi cha mc, chau cdn "pang" la ba tinh Iheo hang ngang ciing thS hf nhu anh em, chi em), ngoai cdn linh theo quan hf hdn nhan nhu '"piit sai" "pang sai" cgng ddng SliSng cd y nghTa la hp hang phia ben vp + Td chirc theo quan he ldng (Pohy Lang ticng Stieng la "poh", la don vj xa hdi cao nhit ciia cpng ddng ngudi SllSng, mpi hoat dfing ciia "poh" dSu van hanh iheo lugl lyc + Co che qudn lyxa hgi tmyen ihdng dun iheo ludt tuc vi- Luat luc StiSng nham thiel lip mpt trgt ty vi on djnh cfing ddng - Luit Iuc StiSng nham iri su cd ket cdng ddng Stieng - Luat tuc Slieng Ii ca sd van hanh ciia ^a hpi iruyen thdng - Luat tyc StiSng la co sd bio tdn vin hda truyen thdng, Ngiidi Slieng or Biah Pbirdc ccr che quan ly xii hfi hifn diii Ngiy nay, Cpng ddng Slieng cd nhilu thay ddi cic ling khdng cdn sdng biSt lap iheo tirng poh, mi gin bd vdi trd don vj co sd he thfing xa hdi Trong ca che quin Iy xa hdi hifn dai thi luat bao tnim ISn toin xa hgi N quan ly xa hpi cpng d6ng SliSng cin cd sy ket hop hai hda, ho trp bd sung giii'a luai phip vi luit iuc Ben cgnh phip lugt cua nhi nudc, luii tyc luon cd ddi sdng riSng v di mpt sire sdng manh mS den noi Irong nhieu giai dogn ljch sur nha nudc muon loai bd nd khdi ddi sdng xa hdi nhung vin khdng xda bd dupc vi nd dya trSn Igi ich chung ciia cgng ddng va gan nhu khfing cd sy phan bifl ding cip • Khiia nil Nam /wc, Truimg OH KHXH c6 aiqi-mchdn Mdi quan hf giira ci nhan - cdng dfing ngudi Stieng duoc gin bd vdi hai dang lip hpp •'poh" va ddng hp no hoan toan thdng nhii va cd 93 TAP CHI KHOA HOC SO (19) - 2011 mdi lien hf chit chg Mdi ngudi deu hudng tdi nhung ngudi khac, nd la die tnn^ duong tinh, hudng ngoai [Trin Ngpc ThSm, 2001:191] + To chiec theo quan hi dong hp ihdn i^c (gap mpol) dupc chia thinh "mput" vi "mpang", ngoai cdn linh theo quan hf hdn nhan nhu "pdt sai", "pang sai" Uong cpng ddng StiSng cd y nghTa la hp hang phia ben vp Bk tri m6i quan hf ddng hg thi vifc dupc giao cho nhihig ngudi gii "m'ranh" hoic ngudi Idn, ngudi cd hiSu biet '"bu kudng" va ci chii nha 'Hom yau" nira Cic thinh viSn ddng hg "gap mpoh" CO trich nhiem va quySn han sau: bio vf danh du, bao vf tai sin, thuong ySu, giup dd bi dupc bay id y kien ciia minh cung nhu tham gia vifc !ua chpn ngudi diing dau "poh" + 7o chuc iheo quan he ldng (Poh): la dan vj xi hdi cao nhit ciia cdng ddng ngudi Slieng, mgi hoat dpng cua "poh" deu van hinh theo tap tuc hay lugt luc [Thu Nhung Mid, 2000:56] Nd cd qui mo nhd, trSn dudi ngdi nha dai Nhdm Stieng Biidek ggi don vj cu tni Ii "poh", nhung cd Ii "sdc" song gin vdi ngudi Khmer Tuy viy, nhiing viing nam xa vl phia Bic Binh Phudc cac poh Stieng v|n gpi li sdc nhu sdc Bom Bo d x2 Dak Nhau [Huu Cng, 1983: 50 -59] Mdi "poh" dupc gidi han m^t khoang dat rimg rieng bift phii hpp cupc sdng du canh du cu Ranh gidi cua "Poh" dya vao cic mdc gidi ty nhien nhu diy niit, hdn di khe sudi v.v Ten poh ciia cdng dong Stieng dupc bit diu phin ldn li lir "Bii" cd nghTa la ngudi, "Dik" cd nghTa Ii nudc nhu Bii Ldn, Bii Ld (Thg Son), Bu Du Bii Nga (Dik ) v.v Cach ggi don vi cu tni cua cdng ddng SliSng cflng cd nhilu net luong ly nhu cac dan ldc Mnfing, Ma la nhiing igc ngudi ling gilng thupe ngix he Mdn- Khmer Poh cua ngudi Slieng cd nhihig nei chung vi rieng, no tiiy thufic vio quan hf va khu vyc sinh sdng nSn hinh thinh nhiing loai hinh nhit dinh nhu ling Slieng d vimg Bulo vi vung Biidek Tham dy vio co cau quan ly xa hdi uuyen thdng ciia Poh gom cd ngudi dung diu Poh Iuc li chil ling "tom poh" hay cac chii nha dii "tom yau", hoac mdt sd ngudi gii "bu kudng", ngoii cdn cd nhiing ngudi hinh nghe tin nguong *'meprak", Trong vifc liSn kit ngudi giiiB cic "poh", dong hg "gip mpoh", nhi dii "yau", gia dinh "nak", deu ed mdi quan hf vl mil ciu tnic nhu sau: Mdi tuong quan giira "poh" va "gip mpoh" chinh li moi quan he giira nhihig ngudi sdng ngfii nha dai vi cic gia dinh nhd gia dinh ay, VS CO ban moi ddng hg "gip mpoh" cd Ihl phin bo d nhiSu "poh" khic vi ngupc tgi, cdn cic '"yau" va "nak" chi thugc mdt not "mpoh" nhit djnh Vi viy, moi quan he giiJa "mpoh" vi "poh" dupc the hifn khdng gian cu trd ciia "poh", nhiimg nhdm gia dinh than Ihudc cimg mgt "mpoh" se tu eu thinh nhimg khu vuc riSng Nhu viy, mdi quan he giiia "mpoh" vi "poh" la nhihig quan hf ngang ihudc nhiing tap hpp ngudi khic Nhung don vi timg "poh" dii chinh cic ddng hp "gip mpoh", tiic ti cic 'yau" vi "nak" tao nSn ciu Uirc "poh" ciia cdng ddng SliSng Mdi ci nhin Irong "Poh" dupc tham gia chpn ngudi dung dau cua "poh" Cic thinh vien Cling bay td yfciSnriSng ciia minh doi vdi cdng vifc ciia chu ling vi nhCing ngudi tham du vao cfing vifc quin Iy lang + Cff chi qudn ly xa hgi iruyen thdng dfra theo lugl tuc li sin pham cua cpng ddng ldc ngudi, lam guang phin chiSu xa hdi cd truyen di sin van hda din lpc Nd la quy udc nhim diSu chinh cic quan hf xa hgi chi phdi cic ITnh vuc xi hdi Nd khdng nhu lugi phap nha nudc phong kiSn che dinh nhieu mang iinh ap dat Luit tuc StiSng ia co sd van hanh cua xa hgi truySn thdng vi phong lue, t^p quin chiia dung cic quy frfiam xi hdi dudi dang quy udc^ quy dinh diSu chinh cac quan he phit sinh VAN HOA - XA HOI cpng ddng, tinh cudng che cua nd dupc the hien hay sy tic ddng ve du luan, niem tin tin ngudng ciia c i nhin cdng ddng hay cac hinh phat, bifn phip dS xir ly nhihig vi pJiam cdng ddng [Ngo Vin Ly, 1994: 107] 94 trach nhifm truyen dgt y kiln cho dan ling thi hanh nhihig quyet dinh cua xa, IrSn nhimg ngdi ling ciJ cua ngudi Slieng ihi cung to cac dan tdc khac sinh sdng Trong mdi poh Igi cd nhiing ddng hg "gap mpol" luong duonj: vdi thon d ngudi Viet* Nhu viy cau triic don \ i cu trii xa hgi ciia cdng dong Stieng d tinh Binh Phudc hifn li: Hien nay, Luat tuc StiSni; van cdn tdn lai song song vdi phip luit nhi midc Hau IiSt cd tranh chap, xich mich sinh hoal ciia ci X i h(ii truyin thdng Xah9ihifiid9i nhan, gia dinh, cdng ddng van dugc giai quyci tPoh XS ling theo quy djnh cua lual luc Chi irudng hpp Gap Mpoh Thfin khong giai quyei dupc, hoac chinh quyen yeu ciu ihi mdi dua co quan nhi nm ) Imng thay ddi lugl phdp vd khdng Hay tai huyfn Bii Ding, trudc "Poh cd ludt phdp Ihdnh v««, iuc li ldm cho lap Ihd khdng tha}- dot cung nhirdi iruyen vdban nang Bombo" ggi la sdc Bombo diugc xa Dak Nhau ddi v&i cluing ipc vu tgp quan ddi v&i cd nhdn " nhung ngiy tro thinh mdt \z cd nhilu cc.ng ddng sinh sdng nhu Tiy Nung, Mndng, Dao [WiiIDurrantl99l:52] Sy thay ddi ciing cd phan anh hudng S Ngudi Slieng d Binh Phvdc or chj quyel dinh 120/ 2002 ciia Thii tudng' quan ly xd h^i hifn dai Trong giai dogn (1975 -1986) nhilu vin de dai cdng cugc xiy dyng vi phat trien kinh tc - xi hgi cua ngudi Slieng ihi ca sd van hinh ciia xa hdi uuyen thdng cin cd nhirng chuySn biln cho phii hop VS mat quan ly xa hgi poh da IRT ylu id ciu dan vj hanh chinh thugc cip Ihip, chiu sy dilu hanh vi linh dao ciia td chirc Ding va chinh quyin xa, Chil ling gid diy phai nhudng cho cho thdn trudng, thdn trudng cd Dan 50 ihi> j khau) Cong ctong STT Xa LL B o m bo 5111 i m i l 539/3l.>y hdng Nhal 2503/111711 -113/206*) Phu Nghia 1g Ha lin^ Hul'hii fHilo.MmgdurmgvinnmKinfuuijijrrn Vua hn-ifui ' '(• Vive ba ^ ang va ik-jy ien xa ihmic i lilrrmg Inn/i phdi irirn i.uih IV \d hni ciic id JCi.-hh.-i UIO khdn 'ung i lirf; ,f.jng dan liic mn'n niil, hii'iigii/i nmgyuii iiingxa 95 TAP CHI KHOA H O C SO (19) - 2011 O mdt so ihdn cdng ddng SiiSng tai chiem p h i n ddng trSn 90% dan sd nhu Thdn Thten C u - xa Thifn Hung, Thfin Bit Tam Thdn Phuoc T i l n - xa I lung Phudc - huyen Bii DdpNgay nay, cac chu l i n g cd vai trd tich cyc v i o mat g i i o due anh em, chiu irong vifc xay dung gia dinh hanh phuc cung nhu truyen dat sy hiSu bilt v l tap tuc hay kinh nghifm sin xuat Hp khdng nhit ihiSt l i ngudi cao tudi, m i nijudi cd pham hanh tdt, am hiSu phong tuc tap q u i n , ngudi dd dupc chinh quyen iiy thac nham luySn t r u y i n , giai thich, ddng viSn cdng dfing thyc hien nhirng chu truong chinh sich ciia N h i nudc cung nhu dirng xir Iy theo lual luc nhung phai phii hpp vdi l u i t p h i p hifn banh ma chimg ta thudng goi dd I i hda giai d ca sa " N g h l d f t thd cam cua ngudi Slieng" chinh nhung boat done dd da gdp phin nang cao mirc huang thy van hda tronii cdng ddng SliSng Trong q u i trinh cdng nghiep hda — hien dai hda d i t nudc phai doi mdi td chuc v i boat ddng he thdng quan ly trSn btnh d i f n d tam vT mfi ciing nhu mdi bd phan c i u thinh d limg cap, co sd diii hdi can phai n i n g cao cdng t i c quan Ij xa hot d cdng dong Slieng la van de can t h i l t c i p bich irong cdng cugc ddi mdi ciia tinh nha - Qudn 1} xd hgi hien dgl la mgt he thdng chinh trj x i hdi bao gdm Dang Cgng sin lanh dgo, c i c CO quan Nha nudc Mat Iran td quoc \ a cac td chirc doan the quin chiing n h i n dan ludn hpp thinh mgt hf thdng chat che, cd mdi quan hf giiia c i c bd phan c i u Tuy nhien, V l CO che quan ly da thay ^•'-•'' bdi ngudi die thil cua miSn niii, co cau tfi chirc StiSng d i v i dang tham gia v i o cac ban nganh CO quan n h i nuac ciia tinh cd mpt sd dac diSm nhu D i n g , chinh quyen v i c i c to chirc doin thS khac vdi cac tinh d dong bing Nhung vS cau tnic Poh vdi he thdng gia dinh, ddng tgc khdng mat di Trong cic v i n k i f n Dgi - He 'h'ing Fidng Idnh dgo: Xay dyne hpi D i n g hp Tinh da ch i rd: ' Van hda - xd hgi to chiirc CO vd D i n g vdi vai trd hat nhin chinli CO bu&c phdt niin tuong xung vdi suphdt triin i n , can p h i t trien dang viSn, phan dau xoa ca kinh ti gop phdn cat thten vd ndng cao d&i sd khdng cd dang vien nhat l i d i n e vien ngudi sdng cgng ddng ban sdc vdn hda ddn tgc ngd}' StiSng a Binh Phudc hien chua nhieu Dang bg cdng dugc khdng dinh" [ D i n g bd tinh Binh chi bg c o s d phai n i m bit tam tu, nguyfn vpng Phudc, 2005: 17] Trong qua trinh giao Iuu tiep cua cgng ddng, ciing cac to chuc chinh trj d i p xiic \ i n hda vdi the gidi h i f n dai thi cdng ddng img v i g i i i quySt cdng viec nham phuc vu ddi SliSng can duoc tri cac IS hpi van hda sdng ciia nhan d i n truyen thdng nhu khoi phye, phat huy ^ i f c V i f c lap hgi dong gia l i n g dang llianh lap hdi cdng chieng hgi diSn van nghf dupc mdl sd noi ap dune td cd t i c dung l o t hgi thi ihe thao d i n gian nhu: ''LS hpi d i m irau (trong dd cd chi bd dang), nham phat huy'tich mirng lua mdi ciia ngudi StiSng"; "Bao tdn cyc v i hgn c h l tiSu cyc d dia phuong Trong khai ihac nSn v i n bda van nghf ciia dan ldc Hgi ddng g i i l i n g nam 2008, cac huyfn cd StiSng"; "Chuyen ke vS ngudi dan tgc Slieng"; ngudi StiSng iham gia chiSm cac ty I f nhu sau: Sn Dju diem Huyfn Bil E)ang H Phir6c Long Thi xa Dong Xo^i H Dong Phu H.Choh Thanh H Binh l-ong H L