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114 TAP CHi KHOA HOC S6 (22) 2011 AN SINH XA HQI CHO LAO DONG DI DAN N6NG TH6N-THANH THI nUij ( l l Dd Hong Qudn' TOM TAT Trong xd hgi hiin dgi, vi$c ddm bdo an sinh xd hgi cho nguai lao dgng cd lao dgng di ddn Id mgt nhOng nhdn id ddnh gid su tiin bg cua mgt quoc gia Trong ba ndm qua, khimg hodng kinh ti mgt Idn nira ldm clio tinh hinh ddi song cua lao dgng di ddn cdng khd khdn han Bdi viit ndy cd muc dich nhdn mgnh din quyin dugc huang an sinh xd hgi nhu Id mgt quyin ca bdn cda nguai dd dugc Liin Hiep Quoc thong qua vd dugc hiin phdp Vi^t Nam bdo hg Mgt khdc bdi viit cung nhdn mgnh din nhieng nguyen nhdn ldm dgng luc cua diddn ndng thdn-thdnh thi, nhung bdt binh ddng doi vai lao dgng di ddn tgi cdc dd thi, cOng nhu nhirng dnh hirdrng cua viic ddm bdo thu hudng an sinh xd hgi cua lao dgng di ddn doi vdi phdt triin kinh te vd xd hgi ABSTRACT In the modern society, the ensuring social security for workers, including migrant workers is the one of factors ihat represents the progress of a nation For three last years, the economic crisis made the migrant workers'life conditions more difficult one again This article aims to emphasize the right to social security as a fundamental human right has been through the United Nations and the Vietnam constitutional protection On the other hand, this article also is intended the motivations behind this rural-urban migration, social unequalities that migrant workers have suffered in urban areas It also engages in the effects of ensuring social security that migrant labourers have benefited to the development of economy and society Ddt vin de Ke tir sau Ddi Mdi, kinh td Viet Nam Iuon tdng qua cdc ndm vd kdo dieo dd Id nhihig thay ddi vd mat xd hpi Cdc chi sd vd phdt tridn ngudi (HDI) "nhu (y Id ngudi dan bidt chir, idnjg tudi thp trung binh ciia ngudi dan, nhieu chinh sdch vd phuc Ipi dd den dupc vdi ngudi dan ngheo, nhdt Id nhthlg dan ldc thidu sd da dua Vidt Nam trd thdnh mdt nhung qude gia phat tridn didn hlnb va sii dpng cd hieu qua ngudn vdn tai trp ciia chuang trinh phat trien Lidn Hidp Qude" (Trdn Hai Hgc, 2008) Ve kdt qud thy hudng an sinh xd hpi.^ nhidu bao cao cho thdy rdng "'Ddn dp bao phii cua he thdng an sinh xa h0i cdng md rpng, chdt lupng cung cap djch vp an sinh xd bpi mpt t3t ban Ndu nhu ndm 1996 mdi cd 3,2 tridu ngudi diam gia bdo hidm xd hdi bdt budc, thi ddn nam 2007, so dd da Idn Idi 8,2 ^^^ nguoi, tdng 2,6 lan so vdi nam 1996 chiem 67% ddi tupng tbudc dien tham gia bao hiem xa hpi bat budc (Nguydn HDn Dung 2008, tr.4) Tuy vgy, ciing cd nhi/ng cdnh bdo khac vd kdt qua tang trudng cUa Vipt Nam Uong nhftng ndm qua, mdt nhftng van ban sau cung ciia cd tbii tudng Vo Van Kiel len ticng vd "'ngudi Iao dpng - nhiJng hd thu nhdp thdp, nhftng ngudi phai chay an tiing bOa - trdn thyc te chi dupc thu hudng rat it cac kdt qua tdng trudng" Ndi ddn nhftng vien chirc qude Id ddnh gia cao qud ciia Viet Nam, dng nhde nhd "nhihig ddnh gid dy chu ydu dya Iren cac bao cdo nudc, vd chung ta hidu khodng each giua thyc td va bdo cao cdn ddng kd" (Vd Vdn Kiet, 2008) Mac du cd nhiing tuu vd phat tridn kinh Id Viet Nam van dang phai ddi mdt vdi 'aiaitg rieii Khoa XHH A CTXH, Tnrmg Dw hoc Ma TP Hi « GIAO DUC - XA Hpl nhirng nguy co vd sy phdn hda xa hpi ty Id bat binh ddng vd mdt kinh Id vdn Idn va keo theo dd la bdt binh dang vd mat thu hudng ve an sinh xa hpi (xem bang 1) Bang 1: Phdn phoi thu nhap va an sinh xa hpi 6- Vi|t Nam 2004 lis Nhom 20% ngheo nhit Nhom % Ihu hai Nhom % thir ba Nh6m % tfair tir 2000 3400 4900 7300 15800 So vai thu nh9p binh quan quoc gia (%) 33% 56% 81% 120% 259% rhu nhap tir an sinh xa hpi/ nguoi/n&m (ngan d6ng> 70 140 210 370 660 So vai tong tn? cap an sinh xa h?i(%) 6,6% 11,2% 16,1% 27% 39,1% Trq cap bao hiem xa hfli cho ngutri di jam (%) 1% 2% 4% 24% 68% Tra c§p bao hiem xa hpi cho nguai nghi hiru (%) 2% S% 14% 29% 47% Trgr cap phiic lpi xa hpi (%) 15% 21% 24% 23% 18% Trg cap giao due (%> 15% 12% 16% 22% 35% Trp cap y ti (%) 7% 11% 15% 21% 45% Thu nhip dong) /ngiroj/nam (ngan Nguon: (Chuang lrinh phdt trien Lien hi^p qude 2008 Ir 18-19 vd 24-26) Nhan thiic dupc tdm quan trpng ciia chinh sach an sinh y^ hOi thdi didm hidn tgi nen dy Ihao chien lupc phdt uien kinh (d xd hdi 2011-2020, Chinh phu vdn tidp tuc khdng dinh chii truang dd xuat hien tir dai hpi ldn thii IX ciia Dang: "Tdng trudng kinh id di lien vdi phdt trien van hda, timg budc cdi thidn ddi sdng vdt chat vd tinb than cda nhan ddn, thyc hien tidn b0 va cdng bdng xd hpi, bdo ve va cdi thidn mdi trudng " "Xay dung hp thdng an sinh xa hpi da dang, tidn Idi bao hiem y td toan dan" "Tirng budc md rdng va cdi thidn he thong an sinh xd hpi dd dap iing ngdy cdng tdt ban ydu cau da dgng ctia mpi tdng Idp nhdn ddn xd hpi nhdt la nhdm doi tupng chinh sdch, ddi tupng ngheo" Di ciing vdi qud trinh phdt tridn kinh td Id vdn de dd thi hda dang cdng gia tang Qua trinh dd thi bda dang dien nhanh chdng nhu hipn da va dang ddt mdt logt nhung ydu cau ve vide dam bdo an sinh xd hdi cho lao ddng di cu, nhat la Iao ddng nghdo Tren thyc td, "Iao dpng di cu dang cd nhung ddng gop dang kd vao cdng cupc phat trien kinh td va dn dinh ddt nudc, song bdi canh hipn hp dudng nhu chua nhgn dupc nhieu sy 116 TAP CHI KHOA HQC S6 (22) 2011 bao trp tgi dja phuang noi hp kiem sdng vd lam vide" (Tong cue thdng kd, 2005) Mpt nghidn ciiu mdi day dd cho thdy "didu kidn sdng va bao trp xd hpi la mdt nhftng van dd buc xuc nhat ciia lao dpng di cu tai cdc khu vyc dd thi, cac khu cdng nghiep nudc ta" (Ddng Nguydn Anh, 2006) Mpt nghidn ciru khdc ciia ngan hang thd gidi vd ngudi di dan ciing cho rdng "ngudi di cu dgc bidt bi ngheo hon viec cung cap dich vu kem hon so vdi ngudi dan pho" Bdo cao ndy cho rdng chinh viec dang ky cu tni dd dnh hudng ddn miic dp va chat luang dich vu an sinh xa hpi ma lao dpng di dan hudng dung chu khdng phai la dieu kien kinh td xd hpi Nhftng rao can ndy dd lam cho Iao ddng di dan khdng tidp can dupc ddn cdc djch vu xa hdi co ban, cpng thdm nhCmg khd khdn khac chinh Id nguydn nhan day ngudi di ddn vao tinh trang bj lam dung, bj bdc lot (ActionAid, Ngdn hang thd gidi, 2005) dan bao gdm: phuc lpi xa hdi (social welfare), an sinh xa hpi (social security) va chinh sach xd hdi (social policy) Xdt ve mat tir vyng cudn Tir dicn Tiing Viet (Hoang Phd chii bidn) chua cd cum tir "phuc toi xa hdi"\ cung chua cd tir "an sinh" hay "an sinh xa hdi" ma chi cd tir "phiic Ipi" Phiic Ipi cudn tir didn duoc djnh nghTa nhu sau: "Lpi ich md mpi ngudi duoc hudng khdng phdi trd tien hogc chi phai tra mdt phan Thi du; Nang cao phuc lpi cua nhdn ddn Cac cdng trinh phuc lpi (nhu nha tre Idp mdu giao, v.v.) Quy phiic lpi ciia xi nghidp" (Hoang Phd, 2000, tr 790) Xet vd mdt y nghia thi dinh nghia mdi chi nhdn manh ldi khia canh midn phi hay giam phi md chua de cgp tdi nhung ndi hdm ciia tir nay, va chi ndi mpt each chung chung Id "lpi ich" Mdt khac theo Trdn Hftu Quang (2009) thi "thyc td Irong cac tai lieu tidng Anh thi ddi liic ngudi ta sir dung hodn chuydn gifta thuat ngu phiic Ipi xd hpi (social welfare) vdi thuat ngu an sinh xa hpi (social security) Tuy nhidn, thugt ngft an sinh xd hpi (socialsecurity) thuimg dupc hidu theo nghTa hep ban thudt ngft phiic lpi xd hdi (social welfare), vd chi bao gdm he thdng bao hidm xd hdi, bao hidm y td va cdc chinh sach trp giOp xd hdi va Cliu trp xd hdi" Vdi mdi quan tdm ve mat chinh sach va mdi quan he gifta vi^c thu hudng an sinh xd hdi vdi nhftng ddng gdp vd mat kinh te ciia ngudi Iao ddng di dan ndng thdn - thdnh thi Bai vidt ndy cd muc lieu ldm rd bdn vdn dd sau day: (1) nhflmg dinh nghia khac vd khdi niem an sinh xd hpi, (2) nhftng dpng Iuc ciia di dan ndng thdn - thi (3) bdt binh ddng viec thu hudng an sinh xd hpi ciia lao dpng Vdo ndm 1948 Lien Hidp Qude da di ddn va (4) nhung lpi ich ddi vdi phat ghi ro bdn Tuydn ngdn nhdn quydn trien kinh te tir vide ddm bdo an sinh xd hdi vd quyen duac hudng an sinh xd hdi nhu cho lao dpng di ddn sau: "Mpi ngudi vdi tu each Id vien Nhirng dinh nghia khac ve ciia xd hdi, deu cd quydn hudng an sinh xd hpi va dupc (juyen thuc hien, thdng qua khai ni^m an sinh x3 hpi nd lyc cua qude gia va sy hop tdc quoc Id Vd mat khdi niem chiing toi nhan vd phil hpp vdi each thiic td chuc vd cac thdy tgi Viet Nam hidn dang su dung ngudn lyc ciia mdi qude gia, cac cjuyen khd phd bidn ba khai niem chinh yeu sau kinh td xd hdi va vdn hda cdn thiel cho day cd lidn quan den vide dam bao vd mgt pham gia ciia minh Va cho su phat tridn tu quydn Iai cung nhu cudc sdng cho ngudi cua nhan each ciia minh."-Dieii khiian 22 cua han Tuyin ngiin nhcm qiiy4n (Vniwnsal Dedaivlion iiflhiman Hizlitsl ni in, IV4S aia l^gii llie/i Qiiot £-'i^r,-one,mammhcr(^.':iK,fly-basihfright,OMKiiihL-,wit}-/ cu nudc-vd phdt triin kinh te xd hdi a Viet Nam: keu ggi hdnh ddng'' (2010) dd phdn lich nhftng nguyen nhan gay cdn ird cho vide tidp can vdi cac dich vu xd hpi ciia lao dpng di dan Theo bao cao ndy chinh he thong ddng ky hp khdu la nguyen nhan gdy ndn tinh trgng trdn Bdo cao ndy kdt ludn rdng "Hp th6ng ddng ky hd klidu d Viet Nam da bpe Id nhu mdi rao can \d the che, ddng thdi da va dang hgn che su tidp can cua ngudi di cu ldi cdc dpch vu ca ban va cac dich vu hd trp ddc biet ciia Chinh phii di ngupc tgi vdi cdc quydn quy dinh Irong Hidn phap Vidl Nam cho hp va cho tat cd cac cdng ddn khdc Thdng thudng nbung ngudi ddn di cu ddc bidt cdn cac djch vu xa bpi lgi thirdng Id nhung ngudi bi bd qua, cac dgc didm yeu the ve xd hpi vd kinh td lidn quan tdi tinh Irang di cu ciia hp" (Lien Hidp Qude 2010, tr.7.8) Trong bdi canh duoc thu hudng rdi it nhiing phuc Ipi bi nha nudc va doanh ngbiep vgy cdng nban di dan dua vao nhftng thidt chd nao de ldn tgi vd sinh sdng lai cac trung tam dd thi Nhidu cdng trinh nghidn cuu da chi rdng chinh mgng ludi xa hpi vd he thdng than tdc la ngudn hd irp Idn nhat ve mat phiic lpi cho hp Xet ve mat cdu true, mgng ludi xd hpi ciia lao ddng cdng nhdn thudng cd cdu tnic khep kin va ciing chi bao gom nhftng ngudi cd ciing thdn phgn hogc hoan canh nhu Chiing tdi cho rdng chinb mang ludi xd hpi vd he thdng than tdc la mpi nhftng ddng luc din ddn hidn tupng di dan tu ndng thdn thdnh thj Mat khdc mdi quan he than ipc ciing chinh Id "chide phao" hd trp cho lao ddng cdng nhdn vd mat ddi sdng cung nliu ddi phd vdi nhftng nii ro tgi cac thj irong bdi cdnh sy hd trp ctia nha nudc vd doanh nghiep cdn nhieu hgn chd Chiing ldi cho rang, bat binh ddng ldn nhat ddi vdi lao ddng cdng nhdn chinh la sir tuong phan gifta nhiing ddng gdp ciia hp ddi vdi phai trien kinh ic va nhftng phijc Ipi xd hdi ma hp duac nhdn Cu thd bdt binh ddng didn chinh nhftng ngudi tryc tidp thu hudng qua lao ddng cua cong nhan di ddn lai dam nhgn rat il trach nhiem chdm lo vd phiic lpi Bdt binh ddng cung dien chinh nhftng dia phuang cd khu cdng nghidp ludn b; xung dot gifta muc tieu phai irldn kinh te vdi chdm lo cho lao ddng di ddn Xa han nfta Id nhung chinh sach ve mat lu^t phdp lan khudn khd phap ly ctia nha nude vdn chua cd nhftng ddng thai cu thd nhdm ihay ddi thuc tgi xa hdi Vdi lao dpng di dan chide "phao" cuu sinh danh cho hp dieu kien hien chinb la he tbdng than tpc la mang ludi xa hot ciia nhiing ngudi Cling canh ngd nhu f)am bao quyen dupc huo'ng an sinh xa hpi ciia lao ddng cong nhan la dam bao cho qua trinh phat trien ben vung ctia chinh doanh nghiep, dja phtrong va dat nirdc An sinh xa hdi cho chinh nhiing ngudi di cu la gdp phan vao vice nudi dirdng tri va pbai trien lyc lupng lao ddng "NhCrng bien.phap han che di dan bang each dd hp tra gia cao cho nhftng dich vu xd hpi dd danh vao gid trj kinh tc va lpi ich ciia vi?c di cu md le hp phai dupc hudng" (Le Bgch Duong vd cdng su 2005 tr 122) Ciing vdi Ide dd gia tdng GIAO DMC - XA HOl ngudi nhdp cu vide tidp tuc loai tru nhung ngudi Iao dpng di dan khdi nhirng dich vu CO ban cd thd se la nguyen nhdn cua nhirng vdn dd nghiem trpng d nhung dd thi Idn Bdn canh dd ndu klidng cd nhiimg chinh sach hd trp cho ngudi nhdp cu ihi muc tidu di dan nham thodi ngheo cua ngudi ndng dan se khd thdnh hien thuc thyc te tgi nhimg dd thi ldn thi cudc sdng cua hp ciing khdng khd ban may Cd kbi nhung lao dpng ndy lgi bj day vdo dpi ngii nhung ngudi "ngheo dd thi" 121 dich vu md la ldm tdng ndng lire ciia ngudi di sdng mgt cugc sdng ddy du vd hgnh phac " (Amartva Sen 1990) Chiing tdi cho rang, nba nudc ddng vai tro quan trpng nhal vide thuc hidn chinh sach cung nhu huy ddng su tham gta ciia cac thidt chd khac viec chdm Io ve an sinh xd hdi cho lao ddng cong nhdn di dan Theo Bui Dinh Thanh thi : "Mgt dieu cdn nhdn mgnh Id bdn thdn kinh te thi trirdng khong tir dgng ddm hdo cho cdng bang xd hgi Phdi cd nhfrng diiu liet ciia Nhu chiing tdi dd phan tich d trdn xd hdi thdng qua nhd mrdc de pban phdi vice dn dinh vc mal kinh te ciia mpt doanh lgi nhfrng kit qud hogt ddng kinh le theo nghiep quoc gia chi dupc dam bao ddi hirdng bdo ddm cdng bdng xd hdi Khdng sdng ciia chinh nhftng ngudi lam nhftng the ddng y vdi quan niim cho rdng neu (hanh qua ay dupc bao vd Hidn lupng dinh coi cdng bdng xd hgi fhi khd long cdng' ciia cdng nhdn ihdi gian qua tap trung cdc ngudn lire bin vd ben lai nhidu khu cdng nghiep chinh la he qua ngodi di phdt trien kinh ti, Xet ve ngdn ciia vi?c nhftng quydn lpi co ban nhat ctia han thi cd the nhir vdy nhuiig niu xet theo cong nhdn di dan bi tude doat hoac khdng Iriin vgng Idu ddi ihi quan niim ndy rdt co duac bao vd Khi dinh cdng xay thict hgi Theo l\r dw kinh te mai, ddu tir cho hai vd mat kinh Id khdng chi ddi vdi ngudi cdc lmh vuc xd hoi cung Id tnrc tiep ddu tu cdng nhdn ma cdn ddi vdi chinh doanh cho kinh ti nhdt Id xet theo triin vgng ddi nghidp ddt nudc Mat khac vice dam bao hgn"(Bill Dinh Ihanh 2004 tr.48) cho ngudi lao ddng duoc hudng nhung Ipi TAI LIEU THAM KHAO ich thidl thyc tir an sinh xa hdi st? tao nen ActionAid Vidl Nam 2005 "Bdo y thuc lam viec Idt hon ngudi lao ddng cdo tdng hgp nghien cuu: Ngirdi lao se gan bd vdi doanh nghidp va tan tam dgng nhdp ctr a Viit Nam " lao ddng vi lpi ich ciia doanh nghidp Chi Amarlya Sen 1990 "Development nao ngudi Iao dpng hoan loan ydn tam as Capability Expansion", ve nhirng gi hp dupc nhgn thdng qua cac Keith Griffin va John Knight, ddng chinh sdch danh cho minh thi liic dd mdi chu bidn Human Development and quan he gifta phat tridn kinh td vd an sinh the International Development Stratxa hpi mdi dupc thyc thi mdt each diing egy for the 1990s, London Macmilnghia Mat khdc dam bdo an sinh xa hpi lan cho lao ddng di ddn se mdi Ian nfta khang dinh su tdn irpng vd nhung quyen ca ban Bao cao phat trien Viet nam 2008 nhdt cua ngudi lao d^ng xa hpi van "Bdo tra xd hdi", Bdo cao chung cac minh hidn dai bdi vi xei mdi each sau xa nha tai u p tgi hdi nghi nhom tu vdn thi "muc tieu cua sir phdt irien khdng phai cac nhd tdi trp cho Vidl nam Ha Npi Id lao Ihem nhieu "vdl phdm " hdng hda va thdng 12/2007 "Iheo Tliong ii ma fliJ Luo dfing - Thimng Hinh vatShoi lii ihanf 1-1995 dtn lining S-^OtHi i-a nin'rc i n m / / " / utk dinh c'rJ/i.e hinb qnan 9S t, npc nam (} llianh pliA Hii Clii Kfirth chi Inmg nauv lir l3-2-2'lli6 den t^-2-2lllH> du \ar MI /i L iirk Jinh trin,? Tmnt! ntlm 2W, jmi ro 5Jt cu^ finh Cling tr 2-1 nnh thiinh xth licrn iSO (Hin lint! nginii ihani gia 1)1(1 f>hiirmg\,iy ui „hicu nhcit lu Binh Ditong (216 tudcj- D6ng \ u , Il23i:i,6ci lionh fihd H6 Ctii Minh (III) LIIOCJ vd 92unitui.di diu pliimng XluiL nheo Tnp,.h Cong Sun, nidi gi qmi uc vy dinh ciing LHO i.i>ngnlidn Imng nhirng niim g/in dm OS S 2UII hun difn it,/ 122 TAP CHf KHOA HOC s6 (22) 2011 Bp Tai nguydn va Mdi trudng 2009 '^Mdi trudng khu cdng nghidp Viil l^om " 12 Tdng cue thdng kd vd L'NDP 2001, "Bdo cdo ve di cu not dfa vd thi hoa a Viet Nam ", NXB thdng ke Bui Dinh Thanh, 2004, " Xa hdi hgc vd chinh sdch xd hgi", Ha Npi NXB Khoa hoc xa hpi 13 Trdn Hai Hac 2008 "Tdng truang vi ngu&i ngheo' : World Bank vd 'cdu chuyen thdnh cdng' cua Viit Nam", Tap chi Thdi dai mdi sd 14 (wTvw.tapchithoidat.org) Nguydn Thanh Liem, Ddng Nguydn Anh, 2006, "Mdy vdn di vi bdo trg xd hgi tgi Viit Nam nhin duai gdc dg nhdn khdu hgc " Tap chi xd hpi hpe sd 1(93) Hoang Phd, 1997, "7"(> diin tiing Viet", Vipn ngdn ngft, trung tam tii didn hpe Ha Npi Le Bgch Duong, Khudt Thu Hdng, 2008 '*Di ddn vd bdo frg xd hgi a Viit Nam th&i ^- qud sang kinh te thi trudng", Nha xuat ban thd gidi Nguydn An Ninh, 2007 "Vi xu hudng cdng nhdn hda a nudc ta hiin nay", NXB chinh tri qude gia 10 Nguyen Hftu Dung 2008, ^'Phdt frien kinh ti thi trudng dinh hirdng xd hgi chu nghta vd thuc hien chinh sdch an sinh xa hgi a nu&c ta " tap chi Dang C^ng Sdn s6 11(155), 11 Tap chi Dang cpng san Viet Nam, 2009, ''Thdy gi qua cdc vu dinh cong ciia cong nhdn frong nhirng ndm gdn day", truy cgp 27/11/2009 14 Trdn Hftu Quang 2009 ''Phdc Igri xd hdi trin the giai.quan niim vd phdn logi" Tap chi khoa hoc xa hpi sd 4(128) 15 Trdn Hftu Quang, 2009 "Me thdng phuc lgi a ihdnh phd Hd Chi Minh vdi muc tieu tiin bg vd cdng bdng xd hgi" Vien nghien ciiu phat tridn phd HCM than phuc trinh dd tdi nghien cuu) 16 Trjnh Duy Luan, 2006 ''Gdp phdn xdy dung hi thdng an sinh xd hgi long thi a mr&c ta hien nay\ Tgp chi Xdhpi hpe, sd I, trang 3-13 17 Trung tam Khoa hoc Xd hdi vd Nhan van quoc gia 1999 "Phdt triin cgn nguai- tu quan diem din chien luge hdnh dgng", NXB chinh tri quoc gia 18 Vd Van Kiet, 2008 'Dimg di nguai ngheo bi ggt ben le, Tudi Tre, 12 Ihang ... Nguydn Anh, 2006) Mpt nghidn ciru khdc ciia ngan hang thd gidi vd ngudi di dan ciing cho rdng "ngudi di cu dgc bidt bi ngheo hon viec cung cap dich vu kem hon so vdi ngudi dan pho" Bdo cao ndy cho. .. hp gia dinh va cd nhan" Chimg tdi nhgn thdy rdng dinh nghia nhdn manh den tinh-de bi ton diuang cua ngudi ndu khdng cd an sinh xd hdi Day la each dinh nghia khac vd an sinh xd hpi cd ndi hdm... bdo an sinh xa hpi lan cho lao ddng di ddn se mdi Ian nfta khang dinh su tdn irpng vd nhung quyen ca ban Bao cao phat trien Viet nam 2008 nhdt cua ngudi lao d^ng xa hpi van "Bdo tra xd hdi",
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