Vấn đề giới và thông tin về biến đổi khí hậu trên truyền hình.pdf

Nghien ciiu Gia d i n h va G i d i So - Van fle gidfl va thong lln ve blen floi hau tren truyen hinh Pham HiTdng Tra Khoa Xa hoi hgc - Hoc vien Beio chl va Tuyen truyen Tom tat: Dua tren k§'t qua phan tich 271 tin, bai lien quan t6i Men doi hau thang tcf 1/6/2013 - 31/8/2013 tren chUdng trinh ciia kenh truyen hinh VTVl, Truyen hinh Vmh Long (THVLl) Khoa Xa hoi hoc - Hoc vien Bao chi va Tuyen truyen pho'i hop vdi Vien FES tai Viet Nam nghien ciiu theo phUcJng phap phan tich dinh tinh phan tich npi dung van ban, bai viet dudi day tap trung tim hieu khia canh gi6i qua trinh thong tin ve biS'n doi hau Nu! gidi xua't hien chii ye'u v5i vi tri la ngUcfi dan chUdng trinh phong vien hien trUOng chu ye'u la nam gi6i Nam gidi ciing xuat hifn v6i vj tri la nhan vat trung tam cua chUOng trinh va vai tro la ngUcfi phat bieu dUa cac y tucing, sang kien, quan diem, giai phap Trong nii gi6i chi la la hinh nen hoac khong xuat hien Cac thong tin nhay cam gifii qua trinh dua tin ve bien doi hau chua dUdc chii y TtTkhoa: Gidi; Bie'n doi hau; Thong tin; Truyen hinh Gidi thieu Bie'n ddi khf hau (BDKH) khdng cdn la chu dd xa la ddi vdi cac nha nghien ciiu va nhiing ngudi quan tam ddn va'n dd nay, song BDKH da dugc Pham Hiidng Tra 41 ngudi dan bid't dd'n dau, nd da trd mdi quan tam ciia toan xa hdi chua, dieu cdn phu thugc nhidu vao thdng tin ma ngudi dan dugc tid'p can Truydn thdng dai chiing, dd ed truyen hmh, khdng chi diing lai d vide dua tin ma cdn cd vai trd tao didn dan trao ddi, ehia se ^ kid'n vd mdt va'n dd nao dd cua xa hdi Kd't qua nghien ciiu nhSm tim hieu khfa canh gidi qua trinh thdng tin ve BDKH dugc tae gia phan tfch dua tren 271 tin, bai lien quan tdi BDKH trdn chucmg trinh ciia kdnh iruyen hinh VTVl, truyen hinh VTnh Long (THVLI) Khoa Xa hdi hgc - Hgc vien Bao chf va Tuydn truydn phd'i hgp vdi Vidn FES tai Viet Nam nghidn ciiu: Truydn hinh VTVl la chuang trinh Thdi sir 19h, chuang trinh Du bao thdi tid't (sau chuang trtnh thdi su I9h), chuyen muc/ phdng su cd lidn quan tdi BDKH, THVLl la chuang trinh Thdi sir liic Ih, ehuong trinh Du bao thdi tid't (sau ehuong trinh thdi su 6h sang), chuyen muc/ phdng su cd lidn quan ldi BDKH Cac tin, bai dugc sir dung mSu nghien ciiu dugc thu thap vdng thang ttr 1/6/2013 - 31/8/2013, dd lidn quan BDKH: 271 tin, bai; Loai 1: 54 tin, bai {Bdi cd tit BDKH); Loai 2: 126 tin, bai (nhimg bdi khie'n cho ngifdi dgc cdm iifdng co lien quan tdi BDKH, bdi co ndi dung lien quan tdi BDKH chang hgn, Irong bail lin co nhifng tir nhif sail xud't hien: thay doi dgi nggt ciia moi tnrdng, dien bien bd't thudng/ phdc tap/ khdn hrdng/ kho dodn tnrdc ciia ihdi tie't, nguyen nhdn hieu ifng nhd kinh, hien tifgng enino, hien iifgng nong len todn cdu, hien tirgng sa mac hda, ); Loai 3: 91 lin, bai (nhifng ihdng tin ve thdi tiei, mdi tnfdng nhif mifa) Ket qua nghien ciiru Quan diem cua nu gidi ve BDKH it dugc de cap cac chutfng trinh tren truyen hinh VTVl, THVLl Kd't qua phan tich cho tha'y, d ca Ioai chucmg trinh ia Thdi su, Du bao thdi tid't va cae ehuong trinh chuydn dd, nii gidi xua't hien ehu yd'u vdi vai trd la ngudi dan chuong trinh Chuang trinh "24h sd'ng xanh" - ehuong trinh dugc xay dung ehuydn vd va'n de mdi trudng va BDKH, dai sti kiem dan chuang trinh cho hau hd't cac budi phat hinh la Hoa hau Nggc Han Trong loan bd chucmg trinh ciia mau nghidn ciiu chi cd nhat nam phat vidn Trong dd phdng vidn hidn irudng Iai chu yd'u la nam gidi (nhu Irong Chuang trinh '•24h sdng xanh" - VTVl 19/7/2013; Phong s u - T H V L l 6/7; Cdng nghe sinh thai-THVLl 13/7 ) Ngoai ra, ph^n Idn cac hinh anh va tie'ng ndi cd Iidn quan dd'n quan 42 Nghien ctJru Gia dinh va Gidi Quyen 24, so 6, tr 40-45 didm eiia Dang va Nha nudc ve bid'n ddi hau irong mau nghien ciiu thudng khdng cd lanh dao nii tham du Dieu ggi Idn nhirng cam nhan rang ducfng nhu cac didn ngdn va didn dan thudc vd nam gidi nti" gidi gan nhu ft tid'ng ndi Trong ehuong irinh Thdi sir, VTVl 17/6/ 2014, vdi quang canh Hdi nghj tai Can "Tha Bg Ndng Nghidp va Phat trien Ndng thon (Bd NN&PTNT) td chttc nham trien khai edng tac phong chdng han han, xam nhap man dam bao san xuat vu he thu nam 2013 tai Ddng bang Sdng Cim Long, hinh anh xuydn sud't toan bg ban tin la cac vj dai bieu nam gidi (bao gdm ca ngucri phat bieu y kid'n va ngudi ngdi du) ma khdng cd hinh anh nao vd nii gidi Cung chuang trinh Thdi sir cung ngay, d ban tin vdi ndi dung chinh la phan tfch nguydn nhan gid'ng Ilia BC15 eua Tdng cdng ty Gidng cay trdng Thai Binh bj lep hat tai nhidu dia phuang phfa Bac vu ddng xuan eung cd sir xua't hidn ciia ngudi ndng dan - nhdm chiu anh hudng ciia gid'ng liia BC15, nhung hinh anh chf xua'l hien vai giay a dau chuong irinh Chucmg trinh phdng v^n ngudi deu la nam gidi (d nhiing vj tri nhu Chii nhidm hgp tac xa Huang Ngai, Tdng giam doe Cong ty Gidng cay trdng Thai Binh, Giao su nguydn vidn trudng Vien Di truyen, Bg NN&PTNT va Phd giao su nguydn Vidn trudng Vidn Khoa hgc Ky thuat Ndng nghiep Viet Nam), khdng cd ba't ky binh luan nao tir phfa dd'i tugng chju thidt hai - nhiJng ngudi ndng dan (ca nam va nir) Trong cae eudc hdi thao khoa hgc, cac chuang trinh hgp tac, cac bdn lien quan dugc de cap eae ban tin duge dua d tam vT md (Bd Tai nguyen Mdi truang, Bg Tai chfnh, Bd NN&PTNT ) Ihi dai didn cho eae ea quan, td chiie hau he't deu la nam gidi Nd'u cd dd cap tdi cac Hgi tai cac dja phuang thi chu ye'u la Hgi Ndng dan, Hgi Sinh vat canh, Hdi Ngudi cao tudi, cac cap iiy, chfnh quydn dja phuong, Doan Thanh nidn ma khdng de cap tcri Hgi Phu nii Cung eae ban lin ehuong trinh \'e BDKH cdn cd su xuat hidn ciia dai didn cac cdng ty, doanh nghidp, td chirc xa hgi, chuyen gia Tuy nhidn, tac gia nhan thay da phan ngudi dai dien la nam gidi Ho thudng xuat hien vdi vai trd la ngudi phat bidu dua cac y luting, sang kie'n, y kien, quan did'm, giai phap "Nhting y tucmg cua anh Ngd Viet Trung, tac gia cua du an nhen nhom vao Idioang dau thang 3/2013 " Va" nhan dugc ldi mcfi cua ban quan 1^ dao thi chting tdi da bat tay vao thuc hten nhirng cong trinh my thuat mang npi dung canh bao va nhac nhd tat ca mpi ngudi hay luu y den viec bao ve mdi trudng va de hda nhap vao tinh than chung cua moi trudng the gidi" (VTVl, "24h song xanh", Con thmh no cua thien nhien, 3/7/2013) Pham Hiftfng Tra 43 Thdm vao do, nam gidi cung thudng xua't hidn vdi vj trf la nhan vat trung tam cua cac chucmg trinh dua tin vd BDKH Chang han, chuang trinh Phdng su, THVLl 6/7/2013 vdi ngi dung vd djch hai mdi trdn mdt sd cay trdng, va'n de BDKH duge de cap de'n nhu mgt nguydn nhan gay dich hai mdi trdn cae loai cay Chuang trinh phdng su dugc xay dung kha cong phu vdi nhihig hinh anh va ngudi thuc te', ddng thdi cho ngudi xem bid't dugc cac nhan djnh ttr nhieu nhdm xa hdi khac nhau, tii y kie'n ciia ngudi ndng dan tdi quan diem eua cac nha khoa hge vdi cac dSn ehiing bang sd Iidu, dii kidn rd rang Tuy nhidn, loan bg nhiing ngudi xua't hien d chuang trinh phdng su deu la nam gidi (ngoai trtt gigng dgc ciia phdng vidn nii nhung khdng xua't hidn hinh anh) Ttr ngudi dan ehuong trinh, nha khoa hgc Cue trudng Cue Bao vd thuc vat, cho tdi nhan vat dugc chii thfch la ndng dan Ta't ca cae hoat dgng nhu phat bidu, trdng ca'y, chat, bao gdi cac nan pham ddu la nam gidi thue hidn Hoat ddng didn hgi thao cung la nam gidi xua't hidn chfnh Vide dua tin nhu vay cho tha'y dudng nhu vide phdng trir sau bdnh, phat hidn sau bdnh, dua cac bidn phap giai quye't, di hgc tai cac Idp tap huan, cua ndng dan cac tinh Ben Tre, Sde Trang, VTnh Long, Tra Vinh Hau Giang va phd Can Tha deu ta cong vide cua nam gidi Cac thdng tin nhay cam gidi ve BDKH chura dugc chii y Anh hudng ciia BDKH nhu thien tai, bao 10 vide thieu lucmg thuc va thuc pham nudc sach tdi nam gidi va phu nir la khac Tuy nhien cac ban tin deu chua chii y tdi khfa eanh ciia van dd Chang han, chuong trinh Thed su THVLl 8/6 vd va'n dd sit dung nudc sach chf quay va phdng va'n phu nii, Didu \'d hinh chung gan \'ide sir dung nudc sach hay nude ban la nhidm vu, trach nhidm cua ngudi phu nii Tid'p de'n, tap phim "Nhiing meo nhd gitip tid't kidm didn cho cac thid't bj nha bd'p" dugc phat sdng Chucmg trinh "24h sdng xanh" 12/7 da phdng va'n chj Yen - ndi Irg Nhirng thong tin dugc chia se cho tha'y chi Yen td la ngudi tidu dung thdng thai, bid't lua ehgn va sir dung kha ihao cac thid't bj nha bd'p Ngudi xay dung chuang trinh khdng xem chi Yd'n la ngudi tidu dting, Sli dung cac thie't bi didn gidng nhu nhung Ihanh vien khac gia dinh, ma gidi thidu chj vdi tu each la ngudi ndi trg: MC "Den vdi trudng quay cua chiing ta hom la chi Nguygn Thi Hai Yen den tU Quan Ha Dong hien dang lam cong viec npi trg Xin chao chi!" Chi Yen: "Do cai thdi gian lam npi tra d nha thi ben canh cai viec cham soc gia 44 Nghien ciiu Gia dinh va Gidi Quyen 24, so 6, tr 40-45 dinh thi minh cung danh thdi gian tim hieu th§m lam ma de vigc ti^t kiem didn nang vifa la de bao vS moi trudng cung vCra la giam khoan chi tieu nha", Didu vd hinh chung da quy trach nhiem sir dung didn tid't kidm hay khdng la ngudi phu nti - ngudi van thudng dugc gan cho vi the la ngudi ndi trg gia dinh, mac dii gia dinh chj Yen cd tdi ngudi Dieu cang duac the hidn ro hon d cud'i chuong trinh MC noi: "Vdng iht/a quy vi vd cdc bgn chi vcri vdi hi quye't nho ihin Id cdc bd ngi Irg cua chimg ta da CO the tie't kiem dugc phdn dien ndng khdng nho va kinh techo gia dinh rdi diing khdng" Su nhay cam gidi cung khdng xua't hidn hau hd't cac ban tin vd du bao thdi tid't hay thdi su cd dua tin ve BDKH Chang han, ban tin ciia chuang trinh Thdi su trdn kdnh VTVl 23/6/2013 noi ve didn tid'n cua can bao sd tid'p tuc gay mua tren dien rdng tai cac tinh Ddng Bac bd va Bac Trung bd Ban tin keo dai tdi 12 phiit 20 giay cho tha'y day la thdng tin quan trgng (ban tin thdng thudng chi dudi phiit) vdi mong mud'n cung cap cho ngudi xem nhidu dien bie'n phtic tap ciia bao Trong ban lin CO doan kdt: "'Do dnh hifdng cita can hdo so ihi hdm qua vd ham tht tren dia bdn linh Nghe an vd Hd TTnh cting dd xdy nufa lo Dgc biel Id lgi khu vtfc khe Mia Nam Khien, xa Nam Cdn huyen Ky Smi, linh Nghe An sdng sdni mtfa to ddxdy IU quel khie'n ngifdi mat tich Vdo ldc ShSC sdng nwdc Id dd hd't ngd cud'n trdi cd me chi Ld Thi Hue me can dang ngii irong cdi Idn nho, liic hi lu cud'n Ihi chdu Ld Thi Anh 13 luoi da may man ihodt cbe'l vd difgc ngifdi ddn difa ve nhd hd ngogi chdm sdc Tuy nhien, chi Huevd trai tuai hi lit cudn irdi den chieu vdn chifa difgc tim thdy nifdc to Igi chdy xie'l" Tiiy nhidn ban tin ket thtic ma khdng dua bat ky canh bao nao ddi vdi tre em, phu nu" va ngudi gia - nhdm cd nguy co bi tdn thuong cao hon so vdi cac nhdm khac thidn tai, Iu Iul xay Ben canh nhiing bai cd dua tin vd cac khu vuc chiu anh hudng cua thdi tid't cue doan, BDKH thi nhieu bai vSn cdn sir dung nhirng cum ttr, ttr mang tfnh khai quat nhu "nhidu noi", "nhieu khu vuc", "cgng ddng", "thd' he tucmg lai", "cac nude" de chi miic tac ddng, anh hudng, hau qua cua BDKH Cac nhdm xa hgi chju anh hudng ciia BDKH birc tranh chung cd xu hudng dugc cac chuong trinh phan anh, nhdm gdp chung chung vao cac nhdm nhu ngudi "ndng dan", "ngudi dan", "nhdm dd bj tdn thuong", "ddng bao dan tdc thidu so'", "ngudi ngheo" ma khdng cd sir phan bidt nhdm phu nir, nhdm tre em, nhdm ngudi gia Pham Hiidng Tra 45 Ke't luan Va'n dd BDKH dang dugc bao chf Viet Nam quan tam Thdng qua truydn hinh, ngudi xem khdng nhiing tid'p nhan dugc dudng Id'i, chu trucmg, chfnh sach va hoat ddng ciia Dang, Nha nudc, ciia co quan bao ehi ma cdn la noi thd hidn thai dd cua quan chiing nhan dan Tuy nhidn, ke't qua nghien ciiu thong qua phuong phap phan tfch ndi dung van ban cho tha'y quan diem xuat hidn chfnh theo xu hudng la didn ngdn ciia cae nha truyen thdng (bidn tap vidn, phdng vidn) va eae nha Ianh dao (nam gidi) cac ca'p hon la su tham gia cua edng chiing, dae bidt cua phu nii." Tai lieu trich dan Nguyen Thi Tuyet Mmh 2013 Dinh kie'n gidi phim quang cao tren truyen hinh va phat thanh: Rao can irong thu hep khoang each gidi binh dSng gidi, Tham lufln hpi thao qudc te vd truyen thdng tai Hpc vidn Bao chf va Tuyen truyen thang 10/2013  ... BDKH Cac tin, bai dugc sir dung mSu nghien ciiu dugc thu thap vdng thang ttr 1/6/2013 - 31/8/2013, dd lidn quan BDKH: 271 tin, bai; Loai 1: 54 tin, bai {Bdi cd tit BDKH); Loai 2: 126 tin, bai... tid''p tuc gay mua tren dien rdng tai cac tinh Ddng Bac bd va Bac Trung bd Ban tin keo dai tdi 12 phiit 20 giay cho tha''y day la thdng tin quan trgng (ban tin thdng thudng chi dudi phiit) vdi mong... khdng" Su nhay cam gidi cung khdng xua''t hidn hau hd''t cac ban tin vd du bao thdi tid''t hay thdi su cd dua tin ve BDKH Chang han, ban tin ciia chuang trinh Thdi su trdn kdnh VTVl 23/6/2013 noi ve