Suy nghĩ về lối sống thanh niên từ góc nhìn văn hóa học.pdf

HBHIEHCUUCHlHH TBI-XAHtl SUY NGHI VE LOI SONG THANH NIEN TUf Gdc NHIN VAN HOA HOC Lifu KHU'ONG HOA* I Quan niem ve nien Trong d c vin bin phap ly Vilt Nam hiSn hanh, thuat ngdttianhniSn cung d pham vl dilu chinh khdng bidng nhat Theo Chiln lupe phdt triln niln Vilt Nam fldn ndm 2010 ThO tuflng Chfnh phfl ky phi duylt kim ttieo quylt flinh sd 70/3003/QO-TTg ngdy 29-4-2003 thi "ttianh niln nudcte"dupc cho Id gdm nhdng ngufli Vilt Nam trang dp tudi id 15 din 34 Chi hai nam sau, Luat Thanh niln (Luat s l 53/2005/QH11) dupc Qudc hpi khda XI thdng qua dd qui djnh tai flilu 1: "Thanh niln qui djnh luat ndy id dng flan Vilt Nam td dd 16 tudi din 30 tuli" Dly cflng te flilu aupc ghi nhan tal Dllu 1, mue efla Oilu IS Ddn Thanh niSn Cdng san Hd Chf Mlnh (2007) Ddtev l ap tudi ndi chung, nhungfrongdd lai chte thdnh nhilu nhdm nho theo d c dp tudi khde (vd cung khdngttidngnhlt) Ngodi tilu ehi dp tudi, niln d n d ttil dupc chia thdnh d c t i u nhdm khac nhu ttianh nidn thdnh thj, niln nSng thPn (lay flja bin eu trO tem tflu ehi phan bill); hayttianhnlSn dng nhan, ndng ddn, trf ttidc (lay nghl nghiip tem blu chf phdn bill) Ngodi ra, d c ylu t l khie nhu tdc ngudi, tfln glao, gifli tinh, gteu - ngheo dng d ttil dupc col te blu chl fll phdn biSt d e nhflm niSn Nhu vay, bp phan flupc gpi la "thanh niln", ehi phan bill mat deh tuong ddi vdl d e bd phan ddn eu khdc, trln mdt t i u ehi nhat te gidi han dp bjdl Dllu ndy d f l ttily, ttieo qui luat van ddng ttr * Thac si, Hgc viin Chinh tri Khu vUc I 32 nhiln eOa su "idn lln" hay "gid di" d a ngudi, nidn la dli tui;ing "apng", ma khong 'bnh" va dn ajnh Cung ehlnh aae ailm da ham dda ca nhflng uu diim eung nhu nhdng nhupc dilm kh6 trdnh khoi efla ttianh niln Mdt mat nhfl qui luat "flpng" thuflng xuySn eho nSn ttianh niln lufln la chd Ihl chuyin tai llSn ttic d e gifl trj liSn thi hi, nhung mat lihae, rat khfl xae lap nhdng gte tti xlc djnh d l tao nSn bin sac cua niSn Xlt frin binh dien tfnh ehit xd hpi, rai ehung, d l ttiing nhlt d n bin nhat efla niln chinh la fl tudi fri, d flp tudi 'thanh niln" cOa tit d dc ttianh viln Trong cupc dfli d a mfli eon ngufli Ihi tuoi niln d y nghTa vfl cflng quan trpng Xet ttr goc dp tdm sinh ly, ddy te giai doan eon ngutt chuyin biln td mdt dda fri thdnh mpt ngufli tniflng thdnh Xet ttr gfle fll een ngufli xa hdi, thi dly chinhtegtelfloanchuan bj hanh trang chofrianbo cupc adi, v l hpc van, nghl nghiSp, thd nghiim vS su lira dpn vdn hda, kinh nghiim, ldi sdng tSn cO sd dinh hinh din hS gia tri eOa rlSng mlnh, tii thdnh dng dan thuc thu vfli fliy dfl nhdng quyin lpi va nghTa vu ludt fljnh, lua dpn ban dfli va lap gla flinh Thanh niSn te Ida bill flang nhap cudc vS khang dinh mlnh xd hpi Hp cOngteIflp nguS dju tee dflng vd anh huflng d a d c nhdn td kinh t l - xa hdi mdt dch sdu sle Vl vay, kha nang diju su huflng dan, lfli euln efla nhdng gte tri mdi, hlln dai, nhdn van ludn gin liln vfli su hofln thien nhin deh ttianh niln Trang cupc sing, ttianh niln ttiudng d nhdng nhdnttide,aanh gte, phan tieh va TAP CHl GIAO Dgc Lt LUAN - s6 232 (7/2018 HBHIEHCUUCHlHH TBI-XAHtl kit luan v l nhdng hiln bipng, su viec diln xung bianh niln diu dupe col te lli sdng, md ehi nhdng quanh minh vd te thfli kyflStilp nhan nhilu thdng hoat dpng sing vd phuong thdc tiln hdnh d e hoat tn mfli, nhdng kiln thdc vd t i ttjl mfli, ehuan bj flpng sdng nao flupc lap di lap lai, d I l m Inh flilu kien xd ly ttiflng tfn, tap nang phat triln tri huflng manh va flp biln rao da sd I h l tul, phat mlnh sang kiln Vfli tlnh d e h Id mpt bfl d a mdt nhflm, mpt eflng ddng nien thi mfli phan quan trpng cOa xa hdi, vin d l niln aupc coi la III sing va d e biiu hlln cda ill sdng thuflng flupc flat vdo frung tdm nhdng dilm bde nidn xOc nhat xd hpi, dpi hfli phai dupc quan tdm Tilp can \o\ sing niln trSn phuong dien eham lo gili quylt fll phdt triln Thanh niSn eung phuflng bide hoat flpng sing vd ting ttil nhdng te van a l sinh tdn su phdt frien efla ddn tdc, mil quan h i klnh t l , van hda, xa hdi efla nhdng d m l vi tri, vai trfl, xd mdnh Ijch sd cOa flat nuflc ludn nhdn frong mdt hinh ttidi klnh t l xa hpi nhat fljnh, '• flupc aat ISn vai niln d bid cho rang; Idi sdng ttianh nien te phuong Vfli y nghTa nhflm xa hpi - din eu thi niSn thde hoat dpng sdng cOa niSn Od te d e h i d n g d vai trd vd y nghTa vd eung quan frpng thdc, phuong phap vd nhdng hinh thde eo bin, tidu I dfli sdng d a m&i cpng fldng, qudc gte, ddn bilu, tuong ddi I n djnh eOa boat dflng sdng cOa II tdc ChO tjeh Hd C h i Minh da tdng ndi: mpt nam nhan vd cpng fldng niSn, dU(K t h i hlSn I bit aiu bang mua xudn, cudc dfli bat diu bang d c hlnh thde sdng co bin nhu: hoat dflng sin ! ttidi be, ttjdi t r i Id mda xudn cOa ddn tpc Thanh xult vdt ehit, boat dpng vdn hfla tfnh thin, hoat i nidn d sd mlnh fldn nhan su trao tmyin gia frj, ding vdn hda xa hfli fll auy tri su tin tai va phat ban giao nhilm vu, dy thdc trdeh nhilm, gdi gam frien d a d nhin va cpng ddng I nilm tin cOa t h i hS 11 tmdc Vi vay, cd ttil nfli Nhu vdy, nfli flln Hi sing niln la nfli flln li nten ehinh te tuong tei eOa cflng fldng, dan tdng hfla nhdng dang heat flpng sdng dn flinh efla J tdc Nlu I h l hS ttianh niln khdng fluae d u a n bj ttianh niln frong cpng ding Ldi sdng ttianh niSn j chu ado thi sd phan vd tuflng tei eOa toan bp cpng flupc t h i hien thflng qua hoat apng eda tdng d lj ddng sS bj de dpa nghiSm frpng nhdn niSn, afl boat dpng san xuat vat II Torn lai, d t h i hilu rang: ttianh niln Id m i l chit (phuflng thflo muu sinh) te ndn tang quan III nhflm xa hpi - dan eu d tlnh phde hpp rlt rao, trpng Bdi le, trinh dp phat trien nang lue cfla eon I ham ehda frong dfl nhilu su da dang v l dp tudi, ngud (bao glm nang lire lao ddng, nang lue hoat tl gidi bnh, nghl nghiip, dia ban cufrd,c^nh huflng flpng) quyet fljnh npi dung III sdng Tat nhiln, teo g gte trj, lpi leh, tdm llnh vd d c md hlnh dng xd vd flpng sin xult te ITnh vuc boat dpng sdng co ban lt) lua ehpn xd hdi nhlt d a niln, dllu khdng phli d i vl nd II Quan niem ve Idi sdng nien td goc tao d a rai vat chat dam bao cho su sinh tin, 11 nhin van hda hoc md d n vi nhdng ylu rau thich ddng ddi vfli ndng ,1 Do d nhOng quan nilm v l d d tfdp can khae luc boat ddng d a ttianh niln dupe phat friln va bong nghiSn edu v l ill sing va ttianh nidn, ttiue hiln ttiong qua qui trinh lao flpng Theo ad, jj nln deh tilp can, nhdn diln va phin tich v l Idi t'nh da dang, phong phO cOa d e nhu d u vd J, sdng bianh niln cung rat khie Td deh bip phuang tidetembifla man nhu rau eung phdt t i l n li can van hfla hpc, ddng tdl cho rang, ill sdng ttieo Co rau nhu d u d a ngudi nfli chung vd 1,1ttianhniln chlnh id d c ehilu eanh ehfl quan cOa ttianh niSn nfliriSngbae gdm hai loai: | van hdattianhnidn, te qudfrinhhlSn ttiue hfla d e - Mdttenhu rau sinh hpe (sinh ly, ttil chit), ma ^ gia bj van hfla bianh niln thdng qua boat dpng vlSettioamdn chdngtetiln d l khlng the thilu efla L, sdng bong nhdng dilu kiSn sdng xde flinh Tuy vieeteisin xult sdc lao ddng; Ijl nhiln, khdng phli todn bd d c boat ddng sdng eOa - Hai te nhurauxd hdi (tti tiS, t'nh dm), nhu rau ,„ TAP CHi GIAO Dgc Lt LUAN - s6 232 (7/2015) 33 HEHIEH CUU CHlNH TBI - XAHtl ndy llnh boat va dng bd nSn phong phfl, da bin than d c hoat apng sdng, mac ad gida l(S aang, viSettioaman nhflng nhu rau nayteailu kiln sdng v l phuong ttidc boat apng sdng ludn hda bat bude d l tei san xult sde lao dflng d a ngufli quyin chat d e vdi Td flfl, dng d ttil hilu, Hal loai nhu d u niy flupc bilu hien Idi sdng niln khdng ehi Id tap hpp d c boat nhdng d p dp rao ttiap khde eupe apng sdng quenttiupecOa nidn ma ehfl ylu sdng Td ttilp nhlt la aim bio su sinh tdn, dupe phai te d d thdettianhniln t i n hlnh nhdng hoai dap nhan l l n an sinh xa hpi, dupe dng nhan va apng l y frong afli sdng hang nhu the nao? rao nhlt Idflupctu khangfljnhminh Hay nfli mpt deh khflc, ill sdng niln chfnii Nhu viy, vin ie aat fl flay la, xac ajnh te dch thdc, phuflng phap t l ehde va ttiuc hiln npl flung ill sdng ttianh nlSn, l i l u hit sde quan hoat dpng sdng d l bi su tin tal, phdt triln ciia frpng te phli bm hilu xem nlSn quydt djnh bin thdn nlSn eho mlnh mde dp quan frpng cOa d e nhu d u Nhu vay, d thi ndi, ldi song nfli ehung, khae vfl phuflng ttide ttioa man dung frong d ldi sdng ttianh niln bilu hidn td chat van cudc sdng nhu thd ndo? hfla, trinh dp sdng cOa mpt eon ngufli cu ttil Td gdc nhin van hda hpe, nghlSn cdu III sdng Thdng qua Idi sing, ngufli te d thi floan djnh nlSn d nghTateddng te tfm hieu ehiSu sSu aupc kha chinh xae ngufli l y thupe v l nln van hda van hfla d a niln, phdn tieh xem nhdng bleu nio, v l dan tie va qude gte nao; eu the hfln, v4 hidn eu thi efla ldi sing niln dua trln hay te gtel ting xfl hpi va nhflm xa hfli nao din tec su hien ttiue hda ttiuc tfln cOa nhdng gii bj va quic gte fld Cung qua 111 sdng efla mdt vd he gte bj vdn hfla nflo? Tuy nhiSn,frongthue t l ngufli, ngudi ta hoan loan xdt doan dupc tfnh cacli, d c gte tri vd he gidfrivan hda khflng bao gifl ddng ehit, trtnh dp tri thde, b l ddy giafl due, chiSu flpe lap hay tee flpng flln idi sdng mpt deh don le sau tu duflng vd kinh nghiSm sdng cfla ngudi 36 theo nhdng frjyin bnh xde ^nh, mattiuflngchflng Cfl thd nfli, lii sdng Id mat bilu hlSn d l ttily nhat, ludn tuongteevi^ nhau,flanxen vd fld, uyin duyIn vd linh hoat nhat ve van hda cOa mtl tat nhiSn Id nhdng hinh thdc hiln thue hda III sdng ngufli, mdt cpng ddng ngufli cung hdt sdc phong phfl vd phde hpp Chinh vl vdy Vaytetd gdc fld tilp edn van hoa hpc, hieu mCl trdn thue t l , khPng mdt duydn ngdnh khoa hpe xa rach khai quat nhlt, nghiin cdu ldi sing Ihanh hpi nio nghlSn edu vd Idi sdng niSn lai chi niSn la vlSe ehflng te xem xSt mpt rach cu Ihl bd hepfrongnhdng phuong phap nghlSn edu quen niSn sdng bang d l gl? Sdng nhu Ihl ndo? biupc vdn d eOa mlnh, ma phli d su phdi hpp Sdng d l tem gi? Cudc sdng ttiuflng ngdy d a ho eOa nhilu phuong phap nghiin cflti khdc ehda dung nhdng hdnh vi ndo? Sfl di ndi nhuthi Lli sdngttianhniln te mpt ddi tupng nghiSn edu te bdS IS, eon ngufli - dO te al dl nda thi eudi cflng mang ndi hdm vd ngoai diSn rat rpng ThSng qua eung thi hiln mlnh ttidng qua hdnh vi, lli sing d e hinh ttidc bilu hlln eu ttil d a ldi sdng ttianh eupe sdng blng Song, ldi sing khlng niln nhu d d ttidc lao dpng kilm sdng, d d thde ehi 11 hanh vi nhu deh fll lai, an nfli ma bao glm blu dflng sin pham vin hda vat chat va finh Uiin, ca tu duy, dch ngudi te iam vile, sing viS d d bide sinh hoat vin hfla d nhdn va epng dflng, Oieu dfl d nghTa, lli sing bao hdm frong d d thde giao t i p flng xd frong gte flinh vd ban d vd mat vat chat va mat bnh than cfla bian nguflitexaefljnhflupcd c gla tn va hS gte fri ngufli Theo dfl, vile nghiSn cdu v l ldi sdng van hdafrong111 sing d a ttianh niSn niln, suy d o din dng, biire ehat eOng d nghTa IS Td gdc nhin vdn hda hpe d thi nol, d l Hi ran chflng ta nghiSn edu d e ehilu sdu van hfla eOa lli bin cda 111 sdng ttianh niln ehlnh te phuong thde sdng, nham kham pha ldi sing, hilu ro ban chil hoat apng sdng d a bianh nidn chd khdng phli Id vd xu hudng bidn ddi cOa ldi sdng.IS 34 TAP CHl GlAo Dgc Lt LUAN-S6 232 c ... hfli phai dupc quan tdm Tilp can \o\ sing niln trSn phuong dien eham lo gili quylt fll phdt triln Thanh niSn eung phuflng bide hoat flpng sing vd ting ttil nhdng te van a l sinh tdn su phdt frien... bang d c hlnh thde sdng co bin nhu: hoat dflng sin ! ttidi be, ttjdi t r i Id mda xudn cOa ddn tpc Thanh xult vdt ehit, boat dpng vdn hfla tfnh thin, hoat i nidn d sd mlnh fldn nhan su trao tmyin... gte fri ngufli Theo dfl, vile nghiSn cdu v l ldi sdng van hdafrong111 sing d a ttianh niSn niln, suy d o din dng, biire ehat eOng d nghTa IS Td gdc nhin vdn hda hpe d thi nol, d l Hi ran chflng