TRI^THOC, SO 10 (281), T H A N G 10 - 2014 o^n-^-1 r3-&o TRAO DOI Y KIEN V€ KHni NifM LOI ICH NHOM, NHOM LOI ICH cnc LOI ICH NHOM VICT NAM'^ NGUYfiN H C U Dfi '"* O nUdc ta nhUng nam gdn ddy dd ndi nhiiu din ldi ich nhom, nhUng ngi dung cua no nhieu cdch hiiu khdng thong nhdt Nhiiu y kie'n dd dong nhdt no vdi khdi niem nhom ldi ich Khi bdn den vdn de ndy co nhiiu cdch tie'p can khdc Vi thi'bdi viet ndy tii'p can ehu yeu theo hudng coi ldi ich nhom nhU Id yi'u to' cdn trd sU phdt trien lanh mgnh cua nen kinh ti' vd cua ca xd hgi TU each tiep can ndy, bdi viet xdc dinh ngi ham cua khdi niem ldi ich nhom vd chi nhiing bieu hiin cu the tinh vUc kinh ti'md cdc ldi ich nhom gdy nhiing tdc dgng tiiu cUc cho sUphdt triin cda nen kinh tidnUdc ta hiin f heo cac tai lieu nude ngoai, khai niem nhdm ldi ich cd nhieu each dinh nghia khac nhau, nhUng deu thd'ng nhit ndi dung cd ban: Nhdm ldi ich la tap hdp nhflng ngfldi cung muc dich, cd chung ldi ich Phfldng thfle hoat ddng chu ye'u eia nd Id tim each tac dpng Ien chinh quyln (nghi vien, chinh phi, eae hdi ddng dia phfldng) hoac khai thac sfl da nghia mpt so' dieu khoan ludt nhim dat dfldc ldi ich cho nhdm, tidu bieu la nhQng boat ddng van ddng hanh lang Gobby) Trong lieh s i hinh thfle hoat ddng ndy da tdn tai tQ rat sdm cac nude deu danh gia cao vai trd quan trpng cia ehinh khach boat ddng ngoai giao gifla cac nfldc eung nhfl nhflng chinh sach ldn phat triln dat nfldc nfldc ta, nhiing nam gin day vin de ldi ich nhdm da dfldc dl cap nhilu vd bit dau tfl sfl khing dinh cia Tdng hi thfl Nguydn Phu Trpng bdi phat bilu ke't thue Hdi nghi lin thfl Ban Chip hanh Trung fldng Dang 10 - 10 - 2011 ndi din nhflng can trd ddl vdi vide tai ciu true nen kinh td' eia nfldc ta giai doan hien Dd la tfl nhiem ky, cue bd dia phfldng va ldi ich nhdm Nhfl da biet, van dl ldi ich nhdm vd'n tdn tai tfl lau ddi sd'ng xa hdi d nfldc ta Nd dd xuit hidn va phat trien mdt each tfl nhien cung vdi cac ddi mdi ddi sd'ng kinh te' - chinh tri eia da't nfldc nhflng ndm qua Sfl tdn tai cia nd trflde thfldng gin hen vdi cac to chflc doan the xa hpi, nganh nghe Tuy nhien, Idi ich nhdm chi thfle sfl trd van dl bflc xuc nfldc ta chuyen sang nln kinh td' thi trfldng vdi nhflng tae ddng tieu cQc eia nd (*) Bai viet la ket qua nghien cilu de tai ca'p Bo sd 18/HDKH-KHXH "Ldi ich nhom va tac dong cua no den cdc chfnh sach phat triln kinh te - xa hoi Viet Nam hien nay" (**) Ph6 giao sU, tie'n si, Trudng phong, phong Triet hoc xa hoi, Vien Triet hoc, Vien Han lam Khoa hoc xa hoi Viet Nam 53 VE KHAI NIEM LOI ICH NHOM, N H M LOI ICH NhQng tai ci cac nQdc, cac nhd ly luan ehi ndi va ban dd'n nhdm Idi Ich md khdng ban tnic tie'p din ldi ich nhdm? Cdn d nfldc ta tai cac vi lanh dao Dang va Nha nfldc lai chi noi "ldi ich nhdm", nhflng nha quan ly thi ndi de'n ldi ich cue bp va nhilu nha nghien cQu luc ndi "nhdm ldi ich" luc ndi "ldi ich nhdm"? Trflde he't, ndi vl khai nidm nhdm ldi ich Day Id khai niem dflde xac dinh tfldng ddl rd rdng ddl v6i cac nfldc phat tridn vdi ndi dung chi ye'u da neu tren Dac trflng cia nd la tinh td chflc va cd ehe' boat ddng nhim dat dflde ldi ich cho nhdm cua minh Dd la tinh bin vflng ed chi dieh eia to chflc vdi phfldng thfle boat ddng chi ye'u la van ddng hdnh lang Vi the', cd nhflng nhom Idi ich ed tac ddng tieu cflc nhflng da sd' Id mang tinh tich cflc nd giup chfnh quyln tilp can nhanh nhflng thdng tin bd ich trflde dfla mdt ehi trfldng, mdt quylt sach eho sfl phat trien dat nfldc Sfl tac ddng ed tim anh hudng to ldn ddl vdi chinh quyen thudng dUde de cap chi ye'u Id cac nhdm ldi fch kinh te day cd thi chia eae nhdm ldi fch thdnh hai loai; Nhdm ldi ich cdng - cac hiep hpi, dodn the - van ddng cho Idi ich eia mpt so ddng hoac toan xa hpi nhU bao ve mdi trUdng, cac cdng doan, hdi ndng ddn va nhdm ldi fch tU thudng Id cac tap doan, edng ty linh vUc kinh te chi van ddng eho ldi ich cue bd cua cdng ty, tap doan minh Chinh nhflng nhdm ldi ich tfl lai thfldng cd kha ndng eiu kit chat ehe va vi the, thudng thdnh cdng hdn nhiing nhdm ldi ich cdng viec hudng ldi tfl cac ehfnh sach cia nha nfldc hp cd tiem Iflc tdi chinh hdn van ddng hdnh lang 54 Vay thi vdi nghia nay, Viet Nam cd tdn tai cac nhdm ldi ich hay khdng? Cd thd khang dinh Id ed va chung phat trien din ciing vdi sQ hodn thidn cua nln kinh te thi trfldng dinh hfldng xa hdi chi nghia ct nfldc ta Chung ta hay xet dinh nghia eia Tien si Nguydn Hflu Nguyen dng cho ring, khai niem nhdm ldi ich d Vidt Nam hidn la mdt sd' it ngfldi cd kha ndng ehi phm, hoac thao tung, dilu khien can bd quan Iy, tfl dd cd nhiing quye't dinh, c h i trfldng tao "sieu ldi nhuan" cho cac vien nhdm, bat chip thiet hai e i a Nhi nfldc va cia nhan dan Cd y kie'n khac cho ring, khai nidm nhdm ldi ich hien dang dl cap dfldc hieu la sfl chi phdl tieu cflc eia mdt nhdm ngfldi, nhdm doanh nghiep, ngdnh ed ldi ich tfldng ddl thd'ng nhit, gin gui nhau, lidn kit va dfldc thfle hidn mpt each bat minh thdng qua nhiing tac ddng chfnh sach md cdng luan khdng the giam sat dfldc, phap luat khdng dilu chinh dfldc Mpt each cdng bing, khai, niem ldi ich nhdm phai dfldc hilu rpng hdn Trong xa hdi hien dai, tdn tai nhieu giai ting, nhilu nganh nghi, nhilu tuyIn ldi fch dan xen, luc thi thdng nhat, iflc thi mau thuin vl ldi fch viec chiu tac ddng cia chinh sach cia nhd nfldc, thi viec tdn tai cac ldi fch nhdm la mot thfle te phai chap nhan Nhiing phai chang d nfldc ta ehi tdn tai cac ldi fch nhdm ehfl khdng ed nhdm ldi ich theo nghia phd bien md nudc ngoai da cdng nhdn? Qua rat nhieu ly giai khac thi d Viet Nam hien dang tdn tai r i t nhilu td chflc doanh nghidp boat ddng theo dung ndi dung cia khai niem nhdm ldi ieh nhu da ndu tren Vi vay, theo nghia va tren thUc NGUYEN HUU DE te', ehung ta thiy d Viet Nam da va dang ton tai cac nhdm ldi fch Chflng ta cd the ke de'n mdt loat cac nhdm Idi ich tieu bilu d Viet Nam tren linh vUc kinh te nhu Hiep hdi chi biln vd xuit khau thiy san Vidt Nam (VASEP), Hiep hdi thep Vidt Nam (VSA), Hidp hdi eao su Viet Nam (VRA), Hiep hdi cd phe ca cao Viet Nam (VICOFA), Hiep hdi cac nha san xuat dtd Viet Nam (VAMA), Hidp hdi cac nhd diu tfl tai chinh Viet nam (VAFI), Hiep hdi bat ddng san thdnh phd'Hd Chi Mmh (HOREA) Ngoai ra, bdn canh cac hiep hdi, nhdm ldi fch cd td chfle vd dang ky boat ddng ehfnh thfle nhu trdn, d Viet Nam hien cdn tdn tai r i t nhilu cac nhdm ldi ich nhd le khac, ddi chi lien quan tdi mdt so edng ty, ca nhdn tap hdp lai nhu mdt lien minh tfl nhidn ldi fch chung eia hp bi anh hudng Nhin chung, thdi gian qua cac nhdm ldi ich da tfch cflc hoat ddng nhim bao ve ldi ich cho cac vien cia minh, nhU VASEP dieu phdl viec tham gia vu kien ehd'ng ban pha gia ca da trdn d My eia cac cdng ty thiy san Viet Nam, hay VAFI thudng xuyen dfla ldn i y ban chflng khoan Nhd nfldc cac kiln nghi lidn quan dd'n chinh sach phat tridn thi trfldng chflng khoan Viet Nam cd ldi cho cac nha diu tfl Tuy nhien, mdt dilu de nhan thiy thfle te' la da so' cac trfldng hdp ldi fch nhdm se mau thuin vdi ldi fch cdng ddng, tham chf vdi ldi ich qudc gia Ngoai ra, mdt sd' trfldng hdp edn ed the tdn tai mdt hen minh khdng chinh thfle gifla cac nhdm ldi fch cia Viet Nam vdi cac nhdm ldi ich d nfldc ngoai Vi du, trflde day, dfl an xay dflng dfldng sit eao td'c Bic - Nam dflde dl xuit ngfldi ta ed the thay cac nha thiu Viet Nam, nhiing ngUdi tfldng lai cd the dflpc hfldng ldi tfl vide trien khai dfl an nay, da nhan dflpc sfl hau thuin 16n tfl eae ddng nghiep Nhat Ban Day la nhflng nhdm ldi fch thudc vl linh vQc kinh te Cac td chQc doan the, nhQ Cdng doan, Hdi Lien hidp phu nQ, Hdi Ndng dan, Hdi Cflu chie'n binh, cung Id nhQng nhom td chQc hoat ddng nhim dau tranh vd bao ve quyen ldi cia nhdm minh O nQdc ta cac dodn thi xa hdi, cac hpi hoac hiep hdi dd va dang hinh thanh, boat ddng de bao ve vd md rpng ldi fch hdp phap, chfnh dang cia cac vien cia minh Tuy nhien, to chQc long leo va ndng lUc ye'u, nhilu to chfle ehfla lam td't vai trd eia minh viec bao ve va phat trien nhflng ldi fch hpp phap cia cac thdnh vien Khi ndi ve cac nhdm ldi ieh boat ddng linh vfle kinh t l Id mud'n ndi tdi nhflng anh hfldng tieu cflc cia nd ddi vdi chinh quyln Day la nhiing nhdm thQdng eiu kit vdi nhflng ngfldi cd quyln quye't dinh hoae cd the tac dpng din chfnh sach vi Idi Ieh rieng eia hp md lam tdn hai den ldi ich cua cac nhdm khae, ldi fch cia sd ddng, dac biet la ldi fch qud'e gia Vi the', da ed y kiln khing djnh ring, ban chit cia nhdm ldi ieh d Viet Nam hien li mdt td hdp cd to chflc cia nhflng ngfldi cung chung mdt so' muc dich, eung chung ldi fch va hp tim mpi each tae ddng din cd quan, ngQdi cd quyen theo hQdng ed ldi cho minh Khi hp dat dQde mue dich rieng thi lai xam hai tdi ldi ich ehung cia todn xa hpi Nhfl vay, tfnh tieu cflc eia nhdm Idi ich chinh la vi ldi ieh rieng ma lam tdn hai de'n ldi ich chung Cdn d cac nfldc phat trien thi cac nhdm ldi ieh 55 V^ KHAI NIEM LOI ICH NHOM, NHOM LOI ICH boat ddng linh vfle kinh t l nhd co luat lobby rd rang ma kit qua sfl ddi cia chinh sach se lam cho ca hai ben eung CO ldi Nghia la cac nhdm ldi ieh hoat ddng lobby de nhim tdi cai md hp dang dupc hudng nlu quyet sach ddi diing thdi diem Tuy nhien, nhilu trUdng hdp se xay xung dot gifla cac nhdm ldi fch vdi nhau; do, eung de din den nhflng tieu cflc hanh ddng lobby Dieu ndy giai thfch tai cac nfldc dang cd hoan thidn cac dilu ludt vl lobby cdc nUde phat triln, cac nhdm ldi ieh s i dung nhflng phfldng thfle hdp phap, tfl vdn ddng hau trfldng, tai trd eho viec lap chinh sach de'n van ddng philu biu, phan ddl qua cdng luan Tuy nhien, ne'u cf nU6c nio tdn tai mpt nen ehinh tri khdng minh bach thi hinh thfle van dpng hieu qua nhit vdn la mua ehude quan chflc Cdn d Viet Nam, noi ve eae nhdm ldi fch dang ndy ngfldi ta de dang hen tudng din nhiing "san sau" cia eae edng ty nha nUdc, nhQng tap doan ddc quyln cd kha ndng anh hQdng tdi chfnh sach cia Chinh phi, thao tung thi trQdng (sQa, thudc chQa benh, xang dau, dien Iflc, d to ); nhflng linh vfle phat trien s i dung nhieu tdi nguyen va tai sin quoc gia Dac biet, d Viet Nam, vide ed tien vin ehfla d i ma cdn can ca quan he than quen mdi dat flu the lobby Day cung la dilu kien lam tang kha nang tham nhung can bd lanh dao ehfnh quyln Nhin chung, d dau ciing vdy, cac nhdm ldi ieh diu mud'n hai thfl tfl nhd nfldc; Cac dac ldi tfl ehfnh sach (thul, trd cip, bao hp, quyln ddc quyln ), va sfl flu cia cac quan chflc thfle thi ehfnh sach (cac hdp ddng vdi nha nfldc, sfl bao ke ) dd dem lai nhiing sieu ldi nhudn 56 d cac nudc phat triln thi cac nhdm ldi ich dat dUdc ldi fch tren tinh thdn tuan thu theo ludt (tit nhien, It eo chinh quyen nio sach tuyet doi nen vin tdn tai lobby ngoai luat lam anh hUctng den ldi ich cia cac nhom khac hoae Idi ich qudc gia), cdn d nUdc ta lai dl hinh cac nhdm Idi fch hudng dae quyen, dac Idi Thdng qua tham nhiing, hdi Id, ldi fch c i a vi quan chfle ndo dd se gan liln vdi ldi fch cua mdt nhdm hoac mpt sd' nhdm ndo dd Ndi ve dilu ndy, Tdng Thanh tra Chinh p h i Huynh Phong Tranh eho ring, tham nhiing, hdi Id hoat ddng eua doanh nghidp se tac ddng tieu cflc din ddi sdng kinh tl, xa hdi cia mpi qud'e gia; nd lam tang ehi phf, pha v6 nln tang quan tri eia doanh nghiep, tao sfl bit binh dang canh tranh giQa cac doanh nghidp trdn thi trfldng Dac bidt, tham nhiing, hdi Id dfldc thfle hien vdi sfl cau ke't gifla doanh nghiep va cac quan chfle tha hda se hinh thinh nhiing "nhdm ldi fch thdn hflu", ed kha nang tae dpng tieu cflc tdi qua trinh xay dflng va thfle thi ehinh sach, phap luat, dd hau qua cang nghiem trpng Ngoai ra, edn cd y kiln eho ring, nhdm ldi fch ci Vidt Nam hoat dpng mpt khdng gian c h i ylu phi chfnh thfle, b i t hdp phap, khong ft trfldng hdp ed quan he din budn Idu hay cac hoat ddng cd tinh chit pham phap ci mflc dd khae Neu nhin hoat dpng e i a cJic nhdm loi fch theo nghia ndy, cd t h i thiy, todn bp nhflng hoat dpng dd mud'n tdn tai dflde diu cin din sfl bao trd eia mdt quan chQc nio Cdn Tien si Le Dang Doanh thi khang dinh tinh thdi vu eia hoat dpng cac nhdm ldi fch d Viet Nam NGUYEN HUU DE NhQ vdy, qua phan tich trdn, cd the thay ndi ham cia ldi ich nhdm d Viet Nam va nhdm Ipi ich d cac nQdc phat trien, vl ed ban Id diing de ehi nhdm ngfldi cd kha nang ehi phdl chfnh sach cia ehinh p h i nhim dat dfldc ldi ich cho nhdm minh Nhflng, d nfldc ta, Idi ich nhdm lai cd nhiing net dac thu rieng, nhit la giai doan chung ta dang hoan thien cd ehe' va t h i ehl thi trfldng Viet Nam, mdt so nhd nghien ciiu dpc tai heu nfldc ngoai thi nhan manh de'n nhom ldi ieh, cdn mdt sd' khae dien giai tfl tQdng eia cac nha lanh dao tM ndi de'n ldi ich nhdm Nhfl da biet, ndi tdi ldi ich nhdm, Tong Bi thfl Nguyen Phu Trpng dat n6 tfldng quan vdi tfl nhidm ky va tfl tfldng cue bd dia phfldng, tfle Id gin ldi fch nhdm vdi nhflng ngfldi cd chfle, ed quyen Cdn Thu tfldng Nguydn Tan Diing thi khang dinh Giy tfl ngudn trich khae nhau); "Ldi fch nhdm la mdt nhdm cd quyen Ifle vd vi the' nhit dinh cau kit vdi dd mflu eiu ldi ich cho cac vidn nhom, nhflng ldi ich ndy di ngfldc lai vdi ldi Ich qudc gia, anh hfldng khdng td't de'n ldi fch chfnh dang cua dai da sd' ngfldi dan"(l) T h i tfldng khdng dinh, se kien quyet ngan chan ldi fch nhdm de dam bao sfl edng bing xa hpi "Chia se quan dilm ve nhdm ldi ich vdi e i tri, T h i tfldng Nguyen Tin Dung eho biet nhdm ldi ich cd the hidu Id nhdm ngfldi cd chflc quyen cau kit vdi nhim true ldi ca nhan, dieu la trai vdi luat phap, anh hfldng den Ipi ich chfnh dang eia ngfldi khae, di ngfldc vdi ldi ich eia dit nfldc, cia nhan dan Thai dp cia Dang va Nha nfldc vdi nhdm ldi ich da dflde xac dinh rat ro rang l i kien quyet loai bd nhdm ldi ieh khdi ddi sd'ng xa hpi"(2) "Nhdm ldi ich cd t h i hilu Id nhdm ngfldi ed chflc quyln cau kit vdi nhim true ldi ca nhan, dilu ndy la trai vdi luat phap, anh hfldng den ldi fch chfnh dang cia ngfldi khac, di ngfldc vdi ldi fch cua dd't nfldc, cia nhan dan", Thu tfldng Nguydn TE&I Dung ndi budi tid'p xuc c i tri Hai Phdng(3) Sd di phai trich din tfl ngudn khac vi ddy la bai phat bieu nen mdi bao dQa cd khac vl cau ehfl, nhflng ndi dung ed ban khdng khac Chi cd bao gpi nhom ldi ich cdn hai bao gpi ldi fch nhdm Nhflng qua ndi dung thi diu thd'ng nhit ndi din nhdm ngfldi ed chflc, cd quyln eau ke't vdi nhim true ldi cho eae vien nhdm Vi the', T h i tfldng nhin manh cin loai bd kieu ldi fch nhdm khoi ddi sd'ng xa hdi Bi thfl Thanh i y Ha Ndi Pham Quang Nghi, bdi chia se vdi phdng vidn Vnexpress, cQng khing dinh: "Khi ndi "nhdm ldi ich" Id mud'n ndi tdi hien tQdng tieu cflc cia mdt sd ngfldi ldi dung chflc quyln dl mflu ldi fch ea nhan Chfl ne'u phuc vu cho ldi ieh qud'e gia, Idi ich xa hdi tin la chi nghia tap thi, la tfch cflc, lanh manh Hien nay, cd tinh trang ldi ich chung dang hi xam pham bdi nhflng vi pham eia mpt sd' can bp thoai hda, bie'n chit"(4) Cdn dng Trin Xuan Gia, nguyen Bd trfldng Bd K l hoaeh vd Diu tfl cung s i dung thuat ngfl ldi ieh nhdm eho ring, sfl thdnh bai cia edng cupc tai cau true nln kinh te phu thude vdo viec cd loai trfl dflde ldi ich nhdm (1) Ngudn;www.dantri.com.vn 05 • 12 - 2012 (2) Ngudn:wrww.tienphong.vn -12 - 2012 (3) Ngudn:www.vnexpress.net ng^y - 12 • 2012 (4) Ngudn;www.giaoduc.net.vn ngSy 18 - - 2013 57 VE KHAI NIEM LOI JCH NHOM, NHOM LOI JCH hay khdng; bdi no Id t h i pham ehdng, can trd, Idm meo md cac chfnh sach Ma tai eiu tnic phai b i t diu tQ chinh sich Neu dl ldi ieh nhdm ldm meo md ehfnh sach thi vide tai cd cau ba linh vfle ndu tren cd nguy cd thit bai Rieng Thd'ng ddc Ngan bdng thi luc diu chi gpi la "lOi ich cue bo" sau mdi s i dung thuat ngfl "ldi ich nhom" Qua mdt so' quan diem neu tren cia cac nha lanh dao va quan ly, cd the nit ndi bdm eia ldi ich nhdm ehinh la chi nhdm ngfldi cd chflc, ed quyen cd kha nang lam sai lech chfnh sach nhim dem lai ldi ich cho ban thin nhd dem lai ldi ich eho doanh nghiep ma hp eiu kit day ed sfl thd'ng nhit ve Idi ich gifla ngQdi cd chQc, cd quyen vd doanh nghiep sfl lam tdn hai din ldi fch chung Va dac diem ndi bat eia ldi ieh nhdm la sfl cau ke't cia mdt sd' ehfl khdng phai mdt ngfldi cd chflc, ed quyln Vide xda bd ldi fch nhdm Id xda bd ldi ich nhdm cd tac ddng tieu cflc vd lam tdn hai de'n ldi ich ehung chQ khdng phai xda Icfi fch nhdm ndi chung Dilu ndy gin liln vdi cupc diu tranh ehd'ng tham nhung hien d nQdc ta De'n day cd the hieu lai ich nhdm theo nghia ndy sfl phan biet vdi nhdm lai ieh Tit nhien, cin hilu sfl tdn tai cia ldi fch nhdm dang nd gin lien vdi sfl tdn tai eua eae nhdm ldi ich dang hien dien xa hpi, chi yeu Id nhiing nhdm hoat ddng linh vfle kinh tl Cd mdt thfle trang khac ein dflde lam rd, dd la mdt sd ngfldi cd kha ndng lam trung gian, ciu ndl gifla ldi ich nhdm v i nhdm ldi ich Nhflng ngfldi khdng thude ldi ich nhdm nhfl ed y kie'n da chi cho ring, nhflng nam gin day, ldi fch nhdm cang ngdy cang 58 gia tang va phat triln sdu rdng, quy mo ldn hdn nhieu Nd bilu hien dfldi cac hmh thfle, nhQ chay dQ an, chay vdn, ehay chQc quyln (khdng ft ngQdi cho ddy ciing Id mot Knh vfle dau tfl sidu Idi nhuan), va thdm ehi chay ea ehinh sach Nhfl vdy, y kien khdng cd sfl phin biet gifla nhdm ngQdi cd kha nang "ehay" vdi'nhiing ngfldi cd kha nang ldm thay doi hoac chinh sach cd ldi eho nhdm ldi fch nao (nhflng ngfldi ed chflc, cd quyln) Tuy ngfldi ndy dfldc hfldng Idi tfl sfl trung gian nhflng ldi fch eia hp khdng thude mdt nhom ndo ma la hfldng ldi tfl ea hai phia O nfldc ngoai, nhiing ngfldi thfldng dQng cac to chQc lobby va hoat ddng theo luat lobby c i a nha nfldc, cdn ci Viet Nam nhflng ngfldi trung gian hoat ddng chi ylu dfla tren sfl than quen (quen lanh dao, quen chau cia lanh dao), la hp hang hoac la n h ^ g ngfldi thupc "con dng chau cha" Khi nhan dien ldi fch nhdm d nfldc ta hien nay, tinh chit phfle tap cia nd (thilu thdng tin, thdng tin khdng cdp nhat va diy di) ndn chflng ta khd chi mdt each ro rang la va d dau Vi ne'u biet ro nhfl vdy thi chic chung ta da khdng dl cho nd tdn tai Cd thi coi ldi fch nhdm tieu cflc la mot hinh thfle tham nhung tinh vi va dQde ehe day kin dao, nen khd phat hien hdn so vdi loai tham nhiing thdng thfldng Co t h i thay, nhfl khing dinh d tren, ldi ieh nhdm la san phim t i t ylu cia kinh te thi trfldng Vi vay cd Idi ich nhdm da so, ldi ieh nhdm thilu so', ldi fch nhdm tieu cflc, ldi ieh nhom tfch cflc (ve ldi fch nhdm tieu cflc va tich cflc cung dflde ehfnh T h i tfldng ndu ra) Nhflng day cai cin ban Id xda bd ldi NGUYEN HUU DE ich nhom tieu cflc nhfl Thu tfldng da khing dinh Tuy nhign, ehiing ta cd the chi sfl tdn tai vd kha ndng xuit hien ldi ieh nhdm nhiing linh vfle dem lai sieu ldi nhuan ma mpt so' bai vie't da de cdp de'n Cu the la: Mdt Id, linh vUc qudn ly bdt ddng sdn vd tdi nguyen, khodng sdn cua ddt nUdc Ldi ich nhdm thfldng cd kha ndng xua't hien nhilu d nhiing nhdm ngfldi ed chflc, c6 quyln linh vfle Hp Id nhiing ngfldi cd quyln ehinh sach hoac ed thdng tin trQdc vl nhQng chfnh sach ci cap qud'e gia, cip tinh vd tiing dia phQdng, nhQ vide quy hoach; vide chuyen ddi muc dfeh s i dung dit; thu hdi dit ndng nghiep de xdy dflng cac khu kinh te, khu cdng nghidp, khu dd thi; giao dit, cho thud dit; dinh gia dit thu hdi, din bu; cip phep khai thac tai nguyen, khoang san Nhd flu the ma hp thfldng dflde cac doanh nghiep tim de'n bing cia sau dd hdi Id, bdi trdn, hoac hp cd' tinh ldm sai Idch ehfnh sach de "dkip" cia minh hfldng ldi (khai khdng, khai gian, ) Ndi vl van dl ndy, Giao sfl, tie'n si khoa hoc D|ing Hung Vd cho ring, de co thay ddi ddt pha thi "mdt cung eo the ed thay ddi dfldc, miln Id phai tach nhdm ldi fch khoi vin de dit dai" \^ vay, mpt vai nam gan day, nhd sfl hoan thien ve phap luat va chinh sach edng khai minh bach ma chung ta da ban ehd' phan nao nan tham nhung ciing nhfl anh hfldng tidu cflc cia ldi fch nhdm linh vfle ndy Hai la, linh vUc tdi chinh, ngdn hdng Dd la nhdm ngfldi s i dung quyln Ifle cia minh de tilp tay, mdc ndl vdi cac doanh nghiep ben ngodi nhim dat dfldc sieu ldi nhudn cho ngdn hang va cho chinh doanh nghiep ma hp cau kit Gin day, trQdc chit van eua cac dai bilu Qudc hpi, ehfnh Thdng doe Ngan hdng Nha nfldc Nguyin Van Binh da thfla nhan: Cd ldi ich nhdm he thd'ng cac td chflc tin dung Ba la, linh vUc ddu tU xdy ditng ca bdn Phin ldn cac cdng trinh xiy dflng da xay tinh trang that thoat tai san, tham d va cd' y ldm trai nguyen tie, ehu yeu sfl tie'p tay eia nhflng ngfldi lam quan ly linh vfle Hp cd quyln phe duyet dfl an, so' Ifldng diu tfl, nghiem thu, quyet toan cdng trinh Do vay, neu ed ldi ich hp se cd tinh dfla chinh sach ed ldi cho chi edng trinh de chi cdng trinh c6 thd khdng cha'p hdnh dung trinh tfl, t h i tuc dau tfl xay dflng cd ban; gian lan, thidu minh bach diu thau; khai khdng khoi Ifldng va gia tri vdt tfl, thie't bi; dfla vdt lieu kem chit Ifldng, sai quy each vao s i dung; thi cong sai quy trinh de giam chi phi gdy thiet hai ldn cho Nhi nfldc Bdn Id, viic qudn ly, sH dung vdn, tdi sdn Nhd nUdc Day la linh vfle nhay cam va de din dd'n ldi fch nhdm N6 hen quan deh van dl eip vdn, dinh gia tri tai san, dit dai thudc sd hflu nhd nfldc Ndm la, cdng tdc cdn bg Nhflng ngfldi cd chQc quyen linh vfle vi ldi ich cia minh se md dfldng cho viee "chay chflc, chay quyen, chay cdng chfle" Nhd dd md hp giau Ien nhanh chdng Day Id hnh vfle kha nhay cam va khd bi phat hien, ndu khdng ed chinh sach td't vl cdng khai tdi san cia nhflng can bd quan ly linh vQc ndy Sdu la, linh vUc tU phdp Nhiing can bp lam nganh ldi dung chfle vu, quyen han de nhan hoi 16 nhim bo Ipt hoac giam nhe toi pham 59 VE KHAI NIEM LOI ICH NHOM, NHOM LOl ICH , boat dpng dieu tra, truy td', xet xi, thi hdnh an Dac diem ehung cua nhQng can bp lam eae linh vfle kl trdn la de tham nhung nhfl lam dung quyen hanh cua minh thi deu phai eau ket vdi nhQng can bp khae cd lien quan (hoae dkip lam viec, hoae can bd cap tren ed quan he theo nganh dpc hoac ngang) Vi the', ldi ich nhdm lam tdn hai nhieu hay it tdi Ipi ieh ehung thudc vao quy md edng viec vd chQc vu ma hp nim giQ he thd'ng cdng quyln Trdn thfle te', ci nfldc ta, nhflng bieu hien tieu cflc cia cac ldi fch nhdm ndy thfldng ehi ye'u gin hen vdi sfl tham nhung eia nhiing can bp quan ly da bie'n chit, thoai hoa va boat ddng cua hp r i t tinh vi vfla dfla vao nhQng ke hd eia he thd'ng phap luat chQa hoan thien, vfla bit chap phap luat va dao ly nhim dat dfldc ldi fch cho nhdm minh va cac doanh nghiep cd hen quan, gay tdn hai dd'n ldi ich chung cia cdng ddng Vi vay, viee phat hien va loai bd cac ldi fch nhdm ndy ludn gin hin vdi eudc diu tranh ehd'ng tham nhiing vd thfle hien td't cdng tac td chfle can bd Vl van de niy da cd y kiln eho ring, de phat hien linh vfle nao cd ldi ich nhom Id dieu khdng khd Bit cfl ngQdi dan nio cd quan he gin gui vdi nhQng can bp ddu c6 the nhan nhd sfl giau Ien nhanh chong eia hp Nhflng ngfldi dan lai khdng de to eio, cac td chfle cung khdng de quy tdi vi ho hoat dpng r i t "kin" va hdn nfla, d nfldc ta hien nay, vin ehfla kiem soat dfldc thu nhap thdng qua tai khoan d ngan hang, ddng thdi luat phap cung ehfla ddi hdi phai chflng minh ngudn gd'c tai san nen khong du chflng cQ de "chi mdt - dat ten" cho tQng nhdm Dieu ddi hoi ehiing ta can 60 phai thuc hien td't ehe dp dan chi^ va ehinh sach cdng khai, minh bach, ke ca boat dpng vd thu nhap cia can bd quan ly hd thdng edng quyln Tdm lai, qua sfl phan tfch tren, cd the thiy, ndi din nhdm Idi fch la ndi den tie ddng ca tidu cflc ldn tich cflc va d nfldc nao cd ludt lobby ro rdng vi hodn chinh thi se giam thieu dfldc tac ddng tieu cflc Cdn ndi de'n Idi ich nhdm ci nfldc ta c h i ydu ndi din tac ddng tieu cflc gin liln vdi van dl tham nhiing vi nd ein phai bi loai bo O day, cd thi din them y kie'n c i a Giao sfl, tie'n si Vu Van Hien - Phd Chi tich Hdi ddng Ly ludn Trung Qdng tren Radiovietnam de khing dinh them each hieu npi dung khai niem "nhdm ldi fch" eia bai viet: "Ldi ich nhdm mang tinh tich cflc Id nhdm ldi Ich hfldng tdi sfl phat trien kinh t l xa hdi, hdi hda theo ldi ich cia ca cpng ddng Ngfldc lai, ne'u ldi ieh nhdm ehi la eia thilu so', di ngfldc vdi ldi fch cia sd ddng, tac ddng xau den sfl phat triln cia xa hdi thi Id ldi fch nhdm tidu cflc "Ldi ieh nhdm" ma chung ta dang nhic tdi chinh Id dang thfl hai nay, dang tidu efle"(5) Nhfl vay, ldi fch nhdm la mdt ba can trd ddi vdi sfl nghidp tai ed'u true nln kinh te cua nfldc ta giai doan trflde mit Nhflng, nhfl chflng ta da bilt, sfl tdn tai eia cac nhdm ldi fch la khach quan; vi vay, nhiem vu Idu dai la chung ta phai tflng bflde xay dflng va hoan thidn luat van ddng hanh lang dl phat huy tfnh tieh cflc cia cac nhom ldi fch viec ban hanh chinh sach phat triln dit nfldc tren tat ea eae linh vfle, dd trpng tam Id linh viie kinh te Q (5) Ngudn: http://radiovietnam.vn/theo-dDng-su-kien/ 20 - 07 - 2013