37 l/X Tgp chi Ddn tdc hpc sd'4&5 - 2015 TRONG TRQT CUA NGl/CH TAY THON PO C/^ Xk GIA CAT, HUYEN CAO Lgc, TINH L ^ G SON PHAM TH! THU HA Trdng ttgt cd vai ttd rdt quan ttgng, gdp phdn cho su tdn tai va phit triln cua nhan loai Ddi vdi cac tdc ngudi, boat dgng trdng ttgt dugc hinh thinh v i phat triln tten CO sd cua cac dgc diSm mdi trudng tir nhien noi cu tru Qua trinh dd dugc Igp di lap lgi hang nim theo chu kj' mua vu Tir dd, nhiing hilu bilt ciia ngudi vl tir nhiSn ngiy cing nhiSu, phucmg thuc thich ung vi cac kj' ning khai thac tu nhien cang ttd nen thich hgp hon Gidng nhu nhieu din tdc khic d vung Dong Nam A, ngudi Tiy song dua chu yiu vio liia niidc Hg li nhung cu dan cd kiln thiic chinh phuc vung thung IQng, cd kj nang ddc dio vS lim thiiy lgi, ttong lua nudc va gjdi vS lim vudn, ttdng miu, trdng Iiia tren nuong Dong thdi, hg cimg la cu din cd kiln thiic vl chan nudi v i cic nganh thii cdng, ttdng cay dac sin (Trdn Vin Ha, 1999, tt 47) Tu tnx6c din nay, hoat dgng ttdng ttgt d cac tdc ngudi thieu s6 da dugc nhieu tic gii quan tam nghiSn ciiu dudi nhilu gdc khac Bing phuong phap chuyen nganh dudi gdc nhin dan tOc hgc, nhieu bii viSt da tap trung vl su hmh tiianh, phat tiien eda cic logi hinh tting ttgt, tii canh tac rudng nudc din nuong riy N I U nhu canh tac rugng nudc tao dung nen hS thong thiiy lgi hgp I^ thi canh tic nuang rly Iai lua chgn dugc hf thdng cdng cy thich iing vdi loai hinh ttong ttgt tten ddt die (Nguyin Anh Nggc, 1975; Le Sy Giao,1989; Bui Minh Dao, 2000) Dinh gii su sang tao cua ngudi ttong hogt dgng ndng nghifp phii xuat phit trudc tien tir viec xem xet ning tiiich ling vdi hoan cinh tg nhien Do do, nghien ciiu mdi quan hS giira ngudi vdi mdi trudng da thu hdt su quan tim cua cac hgc gia tir nhiSu nim Tic gii Le Trgng Cue nghien ciiu d vimg cao Viet Nam (1998) da sir dung thuit ngd "Kiin thirc bdn dia" nhu la mgt ngudn tai nguySn quan trgng ttong su phat ttiln ndng nghiep ndng thdn Tir thuc te ttong ttgt cua ngudi dan cho thiy, cic ySu td "nuac, phdn, cdn, gidn^^ dugc coi la quan ttgng so mdt cho su bgi ciia ndng nghifp Tic gii La Cdng Y nghien ciiu vl he thdng "ddn thuy nhdp diin" cua ngudi Tay d Vift Bic (1977) da khing dinh ring, vifc ttdng Ida nudc bao gid ciing gin lien vdi vifc tiln hinh cac bien phip thuy Igi; dd, viec ldy nudc tudi rugng cd mdt y nghTa to ldn v i giii mgt vi tti quan ttgng sinh hogt kinh tl cua hg Phgm Thj Thu Ha Dua tten mgt sd huyin thogi cua ngudi Tiy nhu "Bdo Ludng - Slao cdi", "Md sung hirau", huyin tiiogi "7am gi&f\ "Gidng lua Then" , tic gii Hoang Be (1987) da gidi thieu vdi ngudi dgc qua trinh tim den ciy lua va nghe ttdng lua nudc nguySn thuy cua ngudi Tay Nghi ttdng liia xuat hiSn ttong lich sii la tiln dl vit chdt quan ttgng ddn din su tang nhanh va tip trung din sd, hmh tiiinh don vi cu tni "bin" d ngudi Tiy Ddi vdi cu din mien mii, rimg cd vai ttd rit quan ttgng, khdng nhiing cung cdp luang thuc thilt yeu ma cdn giam nhe nhiing thiet hgi rniia mang thit bit, khdng cd cdng in vifc lam Vi thS, hogt dgng ttdng rimg da dugc mdt sd tie gii quan tam nghien ciru, die biet la nghS ttdng hdi vi chung cdt tinh dau hdi ciia ngudi Tiy, Nimg d Lgng San (Hoang Mmh Lgi, 1990) Dudi gdc xa hgi hgc - tdc ngudi, tic gii Trdn Van Ha (1999) da di siu tun hiSu ve qui trinh phd biSn vi tiep nhgn tiSn bg ky thuit ndng nghiep cung nhu nhiing biSu Men cua sdc thai vin hda sin xuat ciia hai din tdc Tay, Nimg kl tir sau Khoan 10 Xuat phat tir quan niem coi tien bd ky tiiuit ttong ndng nghifp nhu la mgt qua ttinh keo theo nhiing biln ddi kinh tl xi hdi, tac gii da dua nhung dinh gia, nhin xet ve hifu qua tic ddng cua chinh sach Doi mdi vdi phit triln ndng nghiSp va nong thdn miln nui, nhttng kmh nghifm sin xuit chmh phuc viing tiiimg lung cua nhin din lao ddng Tay, Nung ttong phit ttiln kinh tl hd gia dinh Nhihig cdng trinh nghien cdu ttSn day vl hogt dgng ttdng ttgt ciia ngudi Tiy ndi rieng vi ciia cic din tdc tiiilu so ndi chung dugc dS cap d nhilu gdc Mac du v|y nhiing cdng tiinh tten dudng nhu mdi chi tip vio hogt ddng ttong tixtt truyin tiiong, chua cd su phan tich ttong mil quan hf vdi nhiing yeu td duang dgi, vdi qua trinh cdng nghiSp hda, hien dai hda va h^i nl4p Vi till, bai vilt mong mudn dugc gdp thSm tu lifu vl nhiing biln doi frong ttdng frgt hien cua ngudi Tay d thdn Pd Cai, xa Gia Cat, huyfn Cao Ldc, tinh Lgng Son Cic loai hinh trlng trgt truyen thong ciia ngvdl Tay Dac diem hiu d viing ngudi Tay thdn Pd Cai chju anh hudng cua hgu bon miia va dja hinh li nhiing day triing rdng vdi nhimg bai bdi cho phep khai thac va phat ttien mgt nen ndng nghiSp tucmg ddi da dang, gdm canh tic rugng nudc, canh tac nuang rdy, lam vudn, ttdng ciy in qui va ttdng rimg Phin Idn rudng dit cua ngudi Tay d thdn Pd Cai thdi \i