THÔNG TIN TÀI LIỆU
3f ^ ^~KINHir^ CHUYEN D|CH CO CAU KINH TE VA CACH BIET GIAU NGHEO Cf VUNG DONG BANG SONG CUt) LONG PGS TS Le Bdo Ldm' T6M TAT Trong th&i kp 2001 -2010, vimg dong bang song Cuu Ldng co loc ldng tru&ng luon cao han muc binh qudn chung ciia cd nu&c V&i ty trQng ngdnh nong ldm ngu hien & muc du&i 40% CO the noi ddng bdng song Cuu Long khong Id mQt vitng kinh te thudn nong Cong nghidp vd du lich da phdt trien manh me donggop ngdy cdng nhieu vdo GDP cua viing Ndi dung bdi viet ndy phdn tich qud trinh tdng tru&ng kinh te vd xu hirong chiQfin dich co cdu kinh te cua vitng th&i )fc^ 2001 - 2010 cdch biet gidu ngheo vd chdt luang cuoc song cua ngu&i ddn vung Tit khoi: chuydn dich ca cau kinh te, each biet giau ngheo, dong bang song Ciiu Long ABSTRACT In the period of2001'2010, theff-o-ivlhspeed ofCuu Long River Plain is always higher than the average speed of the whole country The proportion of agriculture, forestry and fishing industry below 40% makes Cuu Long River Plain no longer a purely agricultural region The dramatic development ofthe industry and tourism has significantly contributed to GDP of the region This article aims at analyzing the process of economic growth and ihe trend of transferring economy structure of Cuu Long River Plain from 2001 to 2010, the wealth gaps and quality of life of the people in the region Key words: transferring economy structure, wealth gap, Cuu Long River Plain tang tmong nhanh, luon cao han muc DSn nh$p Dfing bang song Cmi Long co di?n tich binh quSn chung cOa ca nuac Ca c§u kinh tii nhien la 4.060.400 chiam 12% di?n te chuyen dich kha nhanh theo hucmg giam tfch ty nhien ciia ca nu-dc Dan so 17.213.400 ty trpng n6ng, lam, ngu nghiep va tSng ty ngircri chiim 20% dan so ca nuac voi m$t dp cong nghidp, thuang mai, dich vu binh quan 425 ngirfri/km^ [1] DSy la vung Kinh te tang truang, ca cau kinh te chuyen chau thd phi nhieu, dja hinh kha bSng phang, djcb nhu v^y da tao nhieu vi^c Iam, thu sinh thai da d?ng, mang luai song ngoi phan nhap binh quan cua dan cu tang nhung b6 d^u khap Voi dien tich dat nong nghiep d6ng thai cung Iam phan hoa giau ngheo rO chiSm khoang 1/3 dien tich dat nong nghigj r$t, each bi^t giau ngheo giu'a thi va cua ca nuac nen da la vung kinh tS san xuat nong thon, giua cac tang ldp din cu nong nghi6p Ion nhat nuac ta Hang nam viing CO xu huong tang vung dong gop khoang 50% san lugng lua Xu fatrdng chuyen dicb cor cau 70% san luang trai cay, 52% san luang thuy kinh t£ Cf dong bang sdng Curu Long thM sin Trong thai ky 2001 -2010, vijng co t6c ky 2001 - 2010 Bang 1: Tang trirdmg kinh te vung dong bang sdng Cihi Long (boi ky 2001 -2010 Bvi: Chvng KVl KVI[ KVin 2001 • 2005 10,4 I6J 12,6 2006 12,3 5.3 21 I6.S Ngum: so H4u thong ke cac tmh ' Hifu truang /rvdng Dgt hpe Mtr Tp HCM 2007 13,5 7.2 20,4 16,6 2008 12.9 6,9 18.7 15,7 2009 10,4 7,0 17.0 13,0 2010 12.2 16,7 1 TAP CHI KHOA HQC S(5 (20) 2011 T6c dp tang truong kinh te cua viing xuit truyen thdng cua vung - chidm 52,8% su6t thai ky cao hon toe dp chung ciia tdng gia tri sin lupng eiia vijng ca nuac trung binh gap lan, d6 nhom nginh eong nghiep chi chiem 18%, Ty nganh thupe khu vuc I (nong, lim, ngu) co trpng san luong nginh ndng lam ngu da lidn toe dp tang chim hem nhom nganh diuoc tuc giam, mdi nam khoang 2% cho ddn nam khu vuc II va III (e6ng nghiep, xiy dung 2008 chi edn 38,7% Co eiu kinh td nam va thucmg m^i, djeh vu) Xet ve toe dp neu 2008 {38.7 - 27.3 - 34) cho thiy ddng bing thai ky sau cao han thoi ky tniac thi la sdng Cuu Long khdng edn li viing kinh mpt CO ging rit lan vi gii tri sin phim thcri td thuin ndng Nginh cdng nghidp thuang ky goc da tang len nen de dat dupc toe dp m&i dich vu da phit tridn nhanh, va bang thdi ky trudc gii trj sin phim phii cing tfing ty trpng GDP cua vting tang nhidu han thdi ky trudc So liSu Theo sd lieu cua Ban quin ly cic khu bing cho thiy tdc dd tang trudng cac nam cdng nghiep viing thi nSm 2008 da co 2006, 2007, 2008 deu cao han toe dp tang 36 khu cdng nghiep dupc xay dyng va di vao binh quan cua thdi kJ 2001 - 2005 Cd the hogt dpng vdi di?n tieh quy hoach li 10,786 thiy viing dat dupc tdc dp tang trudng cao ha, dien U'ch cho thud li 4.157 ha, tao nhu v|y la khu v\rc 11 vi III dgt toe dp 60.000 vide lim, ddng gdp 18% gia trj GDP tang tnrdng rit cao s6 lieu d bang cho cua vimg Nginh du lieh ciing phat tridn thiy CO ciu kinh tk ciia vung cung chuyen nhanh vdi cac khu du lich sinh thii vudn, dieh nhanh tir khu \'uc I sang II vi III riing vi bien, nam 2009 ddng gdp 2000 ty nhd vgy da gdp phin thuc diy n€n kinh te ddng vao GDP cua viing, tgo vide lim cua viing tang trudng nhanh C) gdc dd khic, Cdng nghiep vi du lich phit trien giup cho vi khu vyc cdn chi^m ty trpng ldn n6n mpt bd phin din cu giau ldn nhung cQng lam it bj anh hudng bdi su suy thoai kinh te toan cho mpt bp phan trd ndn rat ngheo bi hgn cau, nam 2009 vin giir dupe muc tang ehe vd trinh dp nen khdng tim duac viec lam trudng tren 10% Dd li vi thu nhip dan mdi ho$c thu nhap bj giam sut d nhiem cu giam sut hp vin phii uu tien ehi cho eie mdi trudng lam tai nguyen bj cgn kiet sin nhu ciu thiet yeu nhu cau an udng lupng giam Chang han nhu nam 2010 mye thudng chi giim nhe nudc lu thap hon 2,4 met so vdi nam 2001 lam eho thu nhgp cua ndng din bj giim dl Bing 2: Co c^u kinh te viing dong bSng dang kd vi khdng cdn khai thic dupe nhidu song Ciru Long thuy san, chat lupmg phu sa giim nen ddng rupng bi bac miu, sin lupng giam dao Cy Nim KVI Kvn Kvm the la vu ddng xuan giim binh quan 7,2 2000 52.8 13 29.2 10,9 tg/hec ta, vu he thu giim 3,2 - 3,4 ta/hdc 2004 48.1 21.5 ta, ndn phai tang luong phan bon binh quan 30.3 134 ki Id gam/hec ta; ngudn ca ty nhien ciing 2005 46.1 22.7 31.1 giim trung binh chi cdn khoang mpt niia so 2006 43.2 24.5 32.3 vdi 10 nim tnrdc Cic khu du Iich sinh thai, 2007 40.8 26 33.2 khu bio tdn thien nhien hinh vi phit 2008 38.7 27.3 34.0 trien cung Iam cho ngudi din khdng cdn khai thae dupc mpt cich ty'do nhihig tai nguyen Nguon: so lt?u ihong ke cac linh Tham khao cac sd lieu bing 2, thidn nhidn nhu tnrdc day Didu da lim ta thiy r5 han xu hudng chuydn dich ca cho each biet giau ngheo rd rpt han vi hinh eau kinh t£ eiia vung Vio nim 2000 gia tri thinh xu hudng di dan tir ndng thdn sin lupng nganh nong Iam ngu - nganh sin thi tgo ip lyc ldn cho cac khu dd thi KINH Tt' Cacb biet giao ngheo muc chung cua ea nude (xem bing 4) cho Chuan ngheo qude gia la muc chi thay vung chua phai la vung ngheo cho nhu eau tieu dung cae m$t hing tuang nhat nudc nhung so vdi vting ddng bang thyc va phi luang thyc thidt ydu, cho phep sdng Hdng thi ty Id eao han, nam 2008 eon ngudi cd mdt cudc sdng khde manh cao hen gin 3% Tuy nhidn vi dan sd ddng tdng sd hp ngheo viing cung li sd CJ nudc ta chuin ngheo chinh phu quy k h i ldn vao khoing 450 ngan hd Nhirng djnh nhu sd li^u trinh biy bang hp ngheo thudng li hd khdng cd dat sin Chuin ngheo dupc didu chinh qua c i c thdi xuit, ddng con, va khong cd trinh dp nghe ky theo sy phat tridn ciia nen kinh te v i nghidp phi ndng nghiep cd phan biet giii'a thi v i ndng thdn Ty id hp ngh^o cd xu hudng giam cho Muc ehuan ngheo d ndng thdn dupc quy dinh thip hon d thinh thi vi d ndng thon thay cic chinh sach giam ngheo d i phat huy nudc ta hi?n cd hon 60 % dan cu sdng tic dung tdt Mat khac chuan ngheo thdi bang nghd ndng, chic chin cd mpt phin ky 2006 - 2010 dupc didu ehinh cao han nhu ciu luang thuc dupc ty cung ty cap thdi ky 2001 - 2010 ndn muc sdng cua dan din cu d thinh thi phii mua toin cu ndi chung la cd ting Idn dang ke so vdi bO- Vdi chuin ngheo niy ty Id hd ngheo d thdi didm nim 2002 mSe dii ty le hd ngheo nam 2008 vin edn d mure 11,4% viing ddng bang sdng Cuu Long thip hon Bang 3: Chuin ngheo quoc gia cic thoi ky Dvt: ngdn ddng/ngudi/ihdng 2001-2005 2006 - 2010 2011-2015 Nong Ihon too 200 400 Thanh thi 150 260 500 Nguon: Theo cdc QD I70/2Q05/QD'TTg Quyit djnh so 09/20n/QD'TTg S0.''01/30U [2] Bang 4: Ty If ho ngheo 2002 2004 2006 2008 2009 Chung ca nuoc 28,9 18,1 15.5 13,4 11 Ddng bSng song Ci>u Long 23,4 15,3 13,0 11,4 10,0 8.6 Dong b§ng song Hong 12,7 J Nguon: Diiu tra miic song hQ gia dinh nam 2002, 2004, 2006 2008 cua Tong cue ihong ke [3J Theo sd li?u bang thi chdnh l^ch thu nhgp gi&a nhdm hp ngheo nhat va giau nhit d viii^ ddng bing sdng Ctiu Long v i o nam 2008 ting len so vdi nhiing nSm trude, dieu niy cho thiy cd the tang trudng v i chuydn dich co ciu kinh te da lim ting cich biet giau ngheo Thye te eho thay qui trinh chuyen dich co cau kinh te mpt s6 hd ehuyen ddi nganh nghd tir sin xual nong nghidp sang phi ndng nghiep nhu kinh doanh cic logi djch vy giii tri, du ljch d i thoat ngheo v i giau len, mpt so khac mat dit nhung khdng tim duac nghd nghiep phi ndng nghiep phii hop da trd ndn ngheo di Cac tinh nhu Kien Giang, Ddng Thap An Giang ndi ldn la cac viing c6 ti Id each biet giiu ngheo ldn va khdng thay ddi nhidu qua eie nam Didu dang ndi la Ddng Thap la mpt tinh phat trien cac khu cdng nghiep k h i manh va diy cd the li ly giii thich cho viec cich bidt giau ngheo cua tinh d muc cao, thi An Giang khdng phai li dia phuang phit tridn mgnh ve cdng nghidp - dich vu; d§c biet Kien Giang hau TAP CHl KHOA HQC SO (20) 2011 nhu khdng phit tridn ve edng nghiep Trong nhimg nam gan day, Ca Mau da phat Iridn tuong ddi nhanh vd cdng nghi?p djch vy so vdi trude day, didn hinh la khu cdng nghidp Khi - Di?n - Dam, vi viy chdnh l?ch vd giau ngheo ciing ting so vdi thdi gian trudc Cin Tho dupc coi la dja phuang phit tridn cong nghiep - djch vu mgnh nhit, nhien mue chdnh l?ch giiu nghdo eiia dia phuong niy thap han mue trung binh toan viing Nhu viy cd the thay ring khdng phii sy ehfinh leeh giau ngheo Ii hoin toin vi?c ehuydn dich co eiu kinh te tir ndng - lim nghiep sang cdng nghipp - dieh vu; ma cdn inh hudng khie eua chuydn djch co cau len dan cu cd thd tieh cyc hay tieu cyc ddi vdi nhdm dan cu niy vdi nhdm din cu khic, khu vyc vdi khu vyc khic ciing nhu ddi vdi nganh nghd, trinh dp Viec ehuyen dich ca cau kinh td lim gta ling tidm ning chenh lech giau ~ ngheo, nhien ndu bidt quan ly tdt, vi dinh hudng sy phat tridn ciia cdng nghiep - dich vy theo hudng bdn vOng, thi cd thd kidm soat dupc sy chenh l?ch thu nhip giiia cic tang Idp dan eu Bang 5: ChSnIi I^cb thu nhap giiia nhdm hp gia dinh giau nbfit va ngh^o nbat 2002 2004 2006 2008 Chung ca vung 6S 6.7 6.8 7.3 Long An 5.8 6.2 62 6.3 Tien Giang 5.7 6.3 6.4 6.7 6.6 Bin Tre S.O • 6.1 6.4 TrtVinh 6.8 7.4 7.5 7.5 Vinh Long 5.9 5.9 5.8 5.9 Dong Thip 7.7 7.6 7.6 7.8 An Giang 7.5 6.5 6.6 7.0 Kien Giang 8.0 7,8 7.9 8.0 Cin Tho 6.7 5.1 5.5 6.4 5.9 6.4 6.9 7.3 Hau Giang S6c Tring 7.2 6.8 7.2 Bac Lieu 5.5 6.8 6.9 7.1 CiMau 7.3 7.0 7.3 7.8 Ngudn: Dieu tra miir song hQ gia dinh nam 2002 2004 2006 2008 cua Tong cyc ihong ke So li?u bang cho thay thu nhgp trung binh cua mpt ngudi dan d cic dja phuang vCing Tdc dO ting trudng thu nhap binh quan nhQng nim gan day tang nhanh han, An Giang, Kidn Giang, Can Tho van li nhCrng dja phuong din diu viing vd thu nhgp binh quan diu ngudi, eon sd xip xi vdi mirc trung binh chung ciia ci nudc, cac dia phuang cdn lai deu thip han muc niy KINH re Bilng : T h u Dh^p b i a h q u a n n h a u kfaau/thang 6* vikng d o n g b a n g s o n g Cvu L o n g DVI Tht] nhap bint qu&n cac nam Cic Unh ngan ddng Toe tang trumig qua cac ndm 2002 2004 2006 2008 2004/2002 2006/2004 2008/2006 Chung ca vtmg 371.3 471.1 627.6 939.9 126.88 133.22 149.76 Long An 360.6 499.7 627.0 937.7 138.57 125.48 149.55 Tien Giang 352.2 478.2 630.0 955.9 135.78 131.74 151.73 Bin Tre 302.8 418.3 614.0 872.2 138.14 146 78 142.05 Tra Vinh 321.0 395.3 509.0 772.2 123.15 128.76 151.71 VTnh Long 334.4 423.1 580.0 898.9 126.53 137.08 154.98 Dong Thip 390.2 473.9 609.0 889.6 121.45 128 51 146.08 An Giang 415.7 518.2 691.0 1064.0 124.66 133.35 153.98 Ki£n Giang 411.1 513.4 675.0 I0I7.6 124.88 131 48 150.76 ciin Tho 400.1 130.94 148.88 144.97 135.63 145.47 147.13 Hau Giang 523.9 780.0 1130.8 449.0 609.0 885.9 S6c Tting 320.2 395.1 495.0 728.3 123.39 125.28 Bac Li£u 387.5 468.1 610.0 925.3 120.80 130.31 151.69 CiMau 394.V 514.7 666.0 970.4 130.34 129.40 145.71 Nguon: Dieu tra miic song hQ gia dinh nOm 2002 2004 2006, 2008 cua Tong cue ihong ke Chat luyng cupc song ngircri dan Chuydn dich co ciu kinh td da Iam cudc sdng ngudi dan dupc cii thidn rd ret, thdng qua ca sd hg ting dupe eii thidn, dich vy gia ting dap dng nhu cau ciia dan chiing tdt hon Hing logt cdng trinh thuy lpi cho vung nhu: cdng trinh thiiy lpi kdt hpp tudi tieu, nia phdn, ngin vdi kidm soit Iu tidp tyc dupc Cling co, xiy dyng; cic tuyai de bao thi trin, thi ti^ vi eie cum, tuydn din eu ven nhitng tuydn kdnh dupe dio mdi, ngo vet hoin chinh da gdp phin kidm soit nudc m ^ va gii} nudc ngpt, cii thidn giao thdng thuy - bp, tgo dieu kidn trdng trpt vi phit b-idn nudi trdng thiiy san bdn vung; dim bio didu ki?n sdng an toan va dn dinh ciing nhu nang cao chat lupng cupc sdng, mdi trudng sinh thii cho hing tridu ngudi din viing nggp lii Theo sd li^u thdng ke, ddn hdt nim 2008 cd khoing 10,818 trieu ngudi dan tgi khu vyc DBSCL duac cap nude hpp ve sinh, dat ty 1$ 77% vi 58% sd hp gia dinh cd chudng trai ehan nudi, nha ve sinh Tuy nhidn sd niy vin cdn thip so vdi mat bang chung ciia ci nudc Ca cau tidu dung binh quin ciia ndng din da chuyen bidn kha ro net d mdt sd tam nhu ciu cin ban Sd li^u bing cho thiy ty trpng chi tidu cho in udng cd khuynh hudng giam nhanh, chi tieu cho chd d cd khuynh hudng tang cham ty trpng chi tieu cho hpe hanh, trj bdnh va di lai ting nhanh Hidn tai, y td va giao due dang la ginh nang ddi vdi ngudi din viing ddng bing Mic dii ty le hpe sinh dp tudi di hoc d cac cip vin thip han bmh quin ciia ci nude nhung miie chi tidu cho em di hoc dDBSCL vin cing tang Khdng it hp ndng dan, nhat li tai cic xa ngheo, da phai eho mpt sd nghi hoc bdt, hogc dd giim chi tieu, hoic de tang thdm lao dpng, nhung mue giim chi tieu khong theo kip muc ting cua hpe phi va chi phi hpe khic Kdt qui li ehi tidu cho hpe hanh tang ci vd ty trpng lin ve thyc so TAP CHl KHOA HQC SO (20) 201 \ Trong nhihig nim qua, DBSCL la tre suy dinh dudng dudi tudi, ty le tre chdt nai xay nhidu dich benh, ngp dde Theo dudi tudi, ty 1? bi m? chdt sau sinh thdng ke ciia eie phdng y td cap huyen, ty le kha cao Bing 7: Nho cau chi tiiu ciia ngvbi dan viing DBSCL qua cac n&m Dvt:% STT Nhucau 2000 2005 2009 ' An uong 55,0 49,8 43,0 M|c 6,0 6.4 7,0 d 7,5 7,8 8,0 Dilai 10,0 10,5 11.0 Hpe hanh 9,5 10,0 11,0 Ttjbfnh 5,2 5,6 6,5 Giai tri 1.0 1,2 1,5 Trang bi san xuil vi sinh hoat 5,8 S.7 12,0 Ngudn: Dieu tra mtic song hQ gia ifmh ndm 2002, 2004, 2006 2008 cua Tdng cue ihdng ki Chuyen dich co cau kinh te cimg vdi sy phit tridn cong nghipp da lim cho mdi trudng viing DBSCL nhidm nghiran trpng, d§c bi^t ta ngudn nudc Vige xa thing nudc chua qua xu ly tir cae nhi may cic khu cdng nghidp dpe theo cic sdng da lim cho sdng Tidn, sdng Hiu, song Vim Cd bi d nhiem nJLng ne Mdi trudng sinh thai bj suy thoii lam inh hudng den cu^c sdng cua nhieu logi thuy sin, dpng, thyc vit ndn sin lupng giim rit nhidu Ngoii ra, nginh ndng nghidp vi ehan nudi vdi thdi quen Igm dung phin hda hpe, thude trCi siu, thude didt cd vi cic ehit thii ehua qua xii Iy xi thing mdi trudng da lam d nhidm ngudn nudc nhidm khdng va chit thai rin cung bat dau dang lo ngai Mdi tmdng sdng ciia ngudi din iH khdng cdn lanh nhu 10 nim trude day Kki lufin Trong sudt thdi ky 2001 - 2010 ndn kinh td eua viing ddng bing sdng Cuu Long tang trudng dn djnh va cao hon binh quan chung ciia ei nudc, co ciu kinh td chuydn djeh nhanh, hien gii tri sin lupng ciia nginh ndng - lim - ngu da d dudi ii.irc 40% Ddi sdng cua dan cu vimg dupe eai thidn dang kd, t^ Id hp ngheo lien tyc giim du chuan ngheo dupc nang ldn Mie du thu nhip binh quin/ngudi ting nhung each bipt giiu ngheo vin edn kha Idn, thu nhap eiia nhom giiu nhit eao han nhdm ngheo nhit ddn 7,3 lan C^ gia phii tra eho sy tang trudng niy cdn la mdi trudng sinh thai bi nhidm, tai nguyen thien nhidn bj cgn kipt Do dd lam dd thdi ky 2011 - 2020 ndn kinh id tiep tuc ting trudng, each bipt giau ngheo giim di va chat lupng cupc sdng eiia ngudi din ting Ien thyc sy Ii m ^ thach thdc cho cic nhi hoach dinh chinh sach TAI LIEU THAM KHAO [11 Nidn giim thdng kd 2009, Tdng cue thdng ke [2] QD 170/2005/QD_TTg, QD sd 09/2011/ QD_TTg 30/01/2011 [3] Didu tra mirc sdng hp gia dinh nam 2002,2004, 2006, 2008 cua Tdng eye thdng kd ... co ciu kinh te da lim ting cich biet giau ngheo Thye te eho thay qui trinh chuyen dich co cau kinh te mpt s6 hd ehuyen ddi nganh nghd tir sin xual nong nghidp sang phi ndng nghiep nhu kinh doanh... ciu kinh tk ciia vung cung chuyen nhanh vdi cac khu du lich sinh thii vudn, dieh nhanh tir khu ''uc I sang II vi III riing vi bien, nam 2009 ddng gdp 2000 ty nhd vgy da gdp phin thuc diy n€n kinh. .. rpt han vi hinh eau kinh t£ eiia vung Vio nim 2000 gia tri thinh xu hudng di dan tir ndng thdn sin lupng nganh nong Iam ngu - nganh sin thi tgo ip lyc ldn cho cac khu dd thi KINH Tt'' Cacb biet
Ngày đăng: 08/11/2022, 10:02
Xem thêm: