Nghidn ciiu - Trao dSi Tap chl c » w » * n DA DANG VAN H A VASV PHAT TRiiN XAHbl NCdDtrCTHpSH* Tlnh da dgttg vS sic Ihdi li bdn chit ciia vin hda D^c bift vdi vdn hda yifl Nam m^t n^n vdn hda "thSng nhit da dfng" thi tinh da dgng lgi cdng thi hifn rd trin nhiiu phmmg difn vi mire d^ khic nhtr da dgng vin hda tfc ngudi, vin hda viing (vin hda dfa phirtmg) vin hda t&n gido, vin hda nghi nghifp (ndng nghifp, ngu nghifp, thd cong budn ban !, vin hda dd thj vi ndng thdn, thfm chl ca vin hda lang vi vin hda ddng hg Cii sic thii vin Ii6a tfc ngirdi Vi?t Nam tu thdi l^p quoc voi qu6c hi?u VSn Lang - Au Ljc (each ngiiy khoang 2.500 nam) d3 ta quoc gia da tpc ngudi Cac dju hi?u vSn h6a hifn t^i nhjn bijt dupe qua cac di vat khao co hpc cho thSy, co th^ cu dan ciia cac quoc gia co d^i ay noi cSc ngon ngi ktiac thupc ngii he Mon - Khmer c6 Vi§t - Muong CO, Tay - Thai c6 tren ISnh thd Vi^t Nam hi^n ton tai day du cac dfiidipncuacacnhdmngdnngii-tpc ngudi (ngu h? vS ngi> tpc) Idn cua Ddng Nam A, nhu Nam A (trong dd cd Mdn - Kilmer, Met - Mudng, Thai Mdng - Dao), Nam Dao (Austionesien) \a Han - T?ng (T^g - Mien, Han) Tir cac moi quan h? tpc ngudi su tucmg ddng ve nhthig d$c tnmg van hda ciing the hi$n kha id Moi tpc ngudi thudng hinh Cling vai vi?c md rpng v^ ciing co cuong cac nhdm dja phutTng, gi&a ehiing cd nhiing vvc ciia cac trieu d?i phong kiin, thl tinh da khac bi?t nhat djnh ve thd ngu (phuang ngii), tpc ngudi ciia quoc gia Vift Nam eang tro nen trang phuc phong tyc t^p quan, nghi ll Tinh rS r$t hon Theo cong bo chinh thiic cua Nha tr^g dd khien cho tinh da d^mg va phong phu nude vao nam 1972, nudc Vi^l Nam cd 54 tpc cua van hda tpc ngudi eang trd nen sdng dpng ngudi, thupc nhieu nhdm ngdn ng& - tpe ngudi va rd r?t hon khac nhau: Viet - Mudng Mdn - Khmer, Tay Nhu vSy, xet tir gdc dp ngudn gdc va lich Thai, Nam Dao, Mdng - Dao, T?ng - Miin, sir, Viet Nam la nai hpi tu giOa cac tpc ngudi Han, vdi nhung sje thai vSn hda rjt phong ban dja (Viet - Mudng, Mdn - Khmer) vdi cdc phu, da dang SJc thai van hda da dimg Sy tpc tir phia bSc di cu xudng (Thii, Mdngthe hi$n tren ba cap dp: nhom ngdn ngO - tpc Dao, Tang - MiSn, Han) va tit biSn phia nam ngudi, tdc ngudi va ciia nhdm dja phuang len (Nam Dao) Tinh trang cu tni xen cai giiia Tir gdc dp tpc ngudi va van hda, Vi?t Nam gidng nhu mpt Ddng Nam A thu nhd, bdi vi * GS, TS, Vi?n Khoa hpc xS hpi Vi?t Nam 78 B J V t t h a i i K ' f i i r i m 21112) Nghien a h i - Trao dd'i dc tie ngudi, mpt mgt, t^o mdi trudng thudn lpi cho sy giao luu vdn hda; mdt khdc, ldm tach bipt gitta cdc nhdm dja phuang cua tpc ngirdi, gdp phan lam suy gidm ddng k i tinh th6ng nhdt vd co kit vdn hda gi&a ede nhdm dia phuong cua tpc ngudi, khien biie tranh van hda cdng frd nen phiic tflip ban Do ljch su phdn bo vd di cu ciia ede t^e ngudi, d \ ^ i t Nam dd hinh thdnh nen cdc vimg sinh thai - tpe ngudi khdc nhau, nhu: Cu dan - tic ngudi ddng bdng vd ven bien (Vipt Mudng), eu dan - tpe ngudi thung lung (Tdy Thdi), eu ddn - tpc ngudi rio mii gifta vd eao nguyen (Mdn - Khmer, Nam Ddo), eu dan toe ngudi reo mil cao (Mdng - Dao, T^ng Miin) Chinh nhdn t6 sinh thdi tpc ngudi da tao nen nhung truyen thdng vdn hda khde nhau, gdp phan Idm phong phii, da dang ban van hda ede tdc ngudi Viet Nam C a c sac thAi vSn h o a v u n g Vdn hda vung (hay van hda dia phuang) la mpt thyc the vdn hda, hmh va tdn tai mpt khong gian lanh thd nhdt dinh, Ihi Men qua mpt tap hpp ede dac trung van hda v i each thiie hoat ddng san xuat; v i dn, mac, d, di lai; ve each td chiie xd hpi cd truyin vd giao tiep epn^ ddng; v i tin ngudng, phong tyc va le hpi; vi cdc sinh boat van hda nghe thuat; v i vui chai giai tri; ve cdc sac thai tdm ly ciia eu dan, til 66 cd the phdn biet vdi cac dac van hda eua vung khac, Nhung ddc trung vdn hoa dd hmh va djnh hinh qua Irinh lich sir ldu ddi, eu ddn eac dan tdc vung thich ung vdi ciing mpi dieu kien mdi trudng, ed sy tuang ddng vc Irinh dp phat trien xa hdi, dac biet la giua hp ed mdi quan he giao luu van hda mat thiet Tren eo sd nhung quan niem ly Ihuyet neu tren cd Ihe phan vung van hda Viel Nam vwng vdn hoa ldn moi viing lgi CO the phdn chia thdnh ede tieu viing vdn hoa nho han, khodng 23 tieu viing, bao gdm; Tap chf C^ng s d n vimg vdn hda dong bdng Bde BO, vung vdn hda Viit Bdc, vimg vdn hda Tay Bdc vd miin nui Thanh - Nghp, viing vdn hda Bde Trung Bp, viing vdn hda Nam Trung Bp, viing vdn hda Trudng San - Tay Nguyin, viing vdn hda Nam Bp Da dang \&n hda vd sy ph^t trien x0 h^i /- Tir da dgng sinh hgc ldi da dgng vdn hoa Vipt Nam ndm vung ehuyin tiip gi&a lye dja Ddng A, Nam A vdi luc dja Uc chdu, vdy tinh da d^ng ve ty nhien, thi gidi dpng, thyc vdt eang thi hipn rd ret ban He sinh thai ciia eon ngudi d ddy la "he lap", thuc dn ciia ngudi thude hp sinh thai cung Id "dn tap", tire Id eon ngudi tim kiim, sdn xudt vd tieu thy nhieu loai thyc phdm khde cho bua dn hdng Neu coi van hda Id kit qud, la sy thi hipn qua trinh thich img eiia ngudi mdi trudng ty nhien nhdt dinh, Ihi lir da dang sinh hpc den da dang van hda la thupc vi quy luat va mdi quan he ban chdl Diiu ciing cd nghTa, muon bdo ton vd ldm gidu linh da dgng van hoa thi phdi bat nguon tir viec bdo ton vd ldm gidu da dgng sinh hoc Con ngudi Viel Nam khdng phdi Id ngudi thuan nhdl, md thudc vi cac tpe ngudi, cac nhdm dia phuang, bp phan dan cu, nghi nghiep, tdn giao, khac Do vay, cho dii cimg mpt dieu kipn ly nhien, mdi toe ngudi, nhdm ddn cu deu cd each thich ung rieng, mang truyen thdng va ban sac rieng eiia cpng ddng cua minh Cho nen, neu hieu khai niem "sinh hpc" Iheo nghTa bao qual, luc la khdng chi ddng thyc vat, ma ca ngudi vdi tu each la mdi bd phan eiia ty nhien, thi tir da dang sinh hpc den da dang van hda la hieu ca Iheo chieu ty nhien vdi ngudi va ngupc lai, ngudi So 839 (thang nam 2012) 79 Nghien c&u - TVao d6'i T v p