ý đinh khởi nghiệp của nữ học viên mba

10 I Hoang Thi Phuong Thao Bii Thi Thanh Chi' Tap chi Phat irien kinh id 271 (05/2013) Y djnh khoi nghiep cua nu hoc vien MBA tai TP Ho Chi Minh Hoang Thj Phuong Thao Truong Dai hoc Mo TP H CM hh ihuongh tao ao )io com Bui Thi Thanh Chi Ngay nhan 220 /32 /013 Ngay nhan lai 220 /42 /013 TN om ga> tat duyei dSng 260 /42 /013 Cong > t san pham va dich vu iruycn h iong Dcin Nghien cint den M as6 03-I3-PR-nay 02 dieu tra cac yiu to anh Inc&ng h tanhchsiy2 01 Jwh iyoodinh coni Icha TP.HCM Nghien cim khao sdt tren 200 nir hoc vien MBA quan inr&ng dai hoc lai TP HCM Kit qud la cd yiu id anh hirovg diim cd nhdn Ddy lii diem ind cdc nhd hoach dinh chinh sdch c cd nhdn quan Idm cdn biii de de cdc dudng loi dimg dan Iron ngudn lire qiiy^ gid ncty gia tdng tire hrong doanh nghiep vira qudc gia Abstract Tir khda: Y dinh khdi nghiep nir hpc vien MBA, dac diem ca nhan, tieh hpc The von, dpresearch ng co kinh dexplores oanh gia dinh.factors affecting entrepreneurial intent through asun'ey ofsome 200 MBA female students in three unive in their future start in business The research finds that six fact strongest one is their personal characteristics This finding ma organizations and other authorities who want to promote busin labor force and increase small and medium enterprises thereby Keywords: Entrepreneurial intentions MBA female students, personal characteristics, ac record, sources of capital, business motivation, family Houng 'Ihi Phucmg Thao Bui Th\ Thanh Chi Tap chi Phcil Inen kmh li Gioi tliieu Thdi gian gan day, tai VN, MBA dang trd bang ckp vien vira ehap chirng nhirng budc khdi nghiep dau tien lira chon trang bi cho minh Theo nh hoat dong Imh vuc kinh doanh, hp chpn tham du cac khoa MBA vi y thirc dupc rin viec trang bj bang cap chat lupng la nac thang giup hp thang tien nghi nghiep ma thirc hiru ich tir chuang trinh hoc phuc vu cho cong viec cua hp Xuat phat dilm cu kha khac nhau, tdt nghiep tu- nhieu trudng dai hpc va cong viec cung da dang Ngoai ca den vdi chuang trinh MBA de chuan bi cho vj tri quan li dang hudng den hoac nang ca cdng tac quan li dang phu trach, ciing co the chi de thoa man udc vpng hpc tap, trang thirc eho minh, cac hpc vien lai chpn va theo duoi chuang trinh hoc thi co y djnh trd doanh nhan Nam 2005-2006, tai VN, gidi nir chiem 60% cac ki thi dau vao MBA chi la 42% tai My va 1/3 tren toan thi gidi (Viel Bdo, 2007) Trong su dong gop chung ciia doanh nghiep VN phai ke den vai tro to ldn eiia cac nir Udc tinh cir doanh nhan d VN thi cd mpt ngudi la nu' Cae doanh nghiep do dirng dau dang khang djnh vj the nen kinh te d VN va ea khu vuc (Nguyen Ph Hudng, 2012) Phu nil dieu hanh doanh nghiep co nhing loi the rieng ho kheo leo ben chi nen viec lanh dao doanh nghiep to chiic kinh doanh sang tao, tiet giam chi phi va hon, hda giai dupc nhirng van de cang thang va xung dot (Nguyen Tien Lpc, 2011) Muc tieu tien quyet ciia chuong trinh dao tao MBA la nang cao hieu qua quan li cho ca trj tir cap trung cho den cap cao tai doanh nghiep thiic day qua trinh quyet djnh he th vdi chien lupc kinh doanh Chuong trinh MBA cung cap cho nhung doanh nhan khdi nghi lai nhung cong cu gia trj de giiip hp giam thieu riii ro va tang xac suat cong (U.E 2012) Phu nu- tham gia hpc chuong trinh MBA dupc trang bi kien thiic virng vang lam cho viec khdi nghiep Mpt vai nghien ciiu trudc day tren the gidi da cd de cap den nhung day ngirdi phu nir trd doanh nhan (Sarri & Trihopoulou, 2004, Naser & cpng su, 2009 & cpng sir, 2009; Gadar & Yunus, 2009) Chu de nghien cuu da dugc md rpng de sinh vien - nhing chii nhan tuang lai ciia dat nude (Wu & Wu, 2008) Tai VN, so luong vien MBA cang tang len nham dat dupc mong muon nghe nghiep tot hon tuan nhien nghien ciiu vl van de khdi nghiep ciia hp chua dupc quan tam nhieu Do viec x y^u tl inh hudng din y djnh khdi nghiep cua nir hpc vien MBA la can thiet, de xay dung khuyin khich phu nu khdi nghiep nham nang cao vai trd ciia phu nir co trinh dp MBA tro d p n C trien q vh o u ahd aM K inY ug h.hB biin ddtp A rT dinh ip phl nrng onpg h nlicg ahh igeh avo p n ciia iedp akhdi dd, pvi cpah rlcac dam p tcnth vstpg dtriln ian td ylu h nhach tilm io enhphv irto klap, cditeain.ciia no n hcaD dnq kh stdge au inilniiu iaehnhnItdit u dudnpdh liaq n oo iuag nv lacnu an hd p kcvien ecda hnn tc idreheuitM in ro n yningh M urg to eadjh nach B nh in ep dA I,T hpicncnh m thkcvedp hisev ctanuc igidi td ah eM agnqphi hg B uxih eaV A un p iean.nthgctrj php up ciib eh arp auknd tn igem ulhtiradtM hhid pnupB o hcA ao irn td vg hah tih ,ely aienudneam ninM yg rvlp aaB toh lac A ptd raco d,p am n ptirh g n vd.x igtead n 12 I I luang Thi Phucmg Thao Bii Thj Thanh Chi/ Tap chi Phdi then kinh /e" 271 (05/2013) bang hoc vj cao co gia tri cho nhung nha kinh doanh va dieu hanh quan li kliong phan nghe cua nguoi va bat ke dilu kien kinh te cua dat nuoc ho (U.E.H.M.B.A, 2012) Nu hpc vien MBA dang eo dilu kien dl huong toi khdi nghiep, trd cac nQ- tuong lai T6 chuc Lao dpng QuIc tl (ILO) cho ring nu doanh nhan la nhiing ngudi phu ni sd hiru va quan li mpt doanh nghiep va co tinh thin doanh nhan Theo Nilufer (2001), tinh th nhan la nhirng phim chit va dac dilm ki vpng dl mang din su cdng kinh gom nhan biet dupc cac ca hpi, chii dpng, sang tao va doi mdi, kha nang tao cac ng djnh va kha nang chip nhan that bai Doanh nhan la ngudi sd hiru nhung pham chat tren v chimg viec thiet lap va dieu hanh mpt doanh nghiep Sarri & Trihopoulou (2006), nghien ciiu ve dac diem va dpng luc ciia nii' doanh n Lap, da dua hai yeu to thiic day ngudi phu nir trd doanh nhan la dpng ca da keo Dpng co dly xuat phat tir ben ngoai chu thi va din dit hp thuc hien nhu la that n giam bien chl, bj giang cap, sir ton tai cua rao can thang tien, li tai chinh hoac su khd vdi cong viec lam thue Ddng ea keo xuit phat tir ben chii the, su thue day tii' nh muon ciia chinh hp nhu la nhu clu dpc lap tai chinh; nhu cau tich nhu khat khao danh tieng, nhu clu tu thuc hien, nhu cau quyen lire Do dd, hai gia thuyet dupc de nghj HI: Cdc dong ca ddy c6 anh huoiig cimg chieu den y dmh khai H2: Cdc dong ca keo c6 dnh hirovg cimg chieu den y dinh khd Hossain & cpng su (2009) da nghien ciiu cac yeu tl anh hudng din sir sin Idng phat t doanh eiia phu nii d Bangladesh, bao gom moi truong hoat dpng, ngudn vdn, dac diem ca gia dinh Moi trudng hoat dpng anh hudng quan trpng doi vdi su phat trien va cong nhan (Indarti & Rostiani, 2010) Ngudi phu nu' tham gia cac to chiic cd the cai thien kha vdn va quyet djnh Thieu cac to chuc thich hpp hoac co nhung boat dpng khong hieu hirdng din phat triln doanh nghiep nir d cac nude dang phat trien Cac yeu to mdi trudng tham gia vao cae to chuc, hiep hpi phu nii', vudn uom doanh nhan, dupc tuyen truyen va phu nir phat triln kinh doanh, dpc lap quyet djnh dupc su' dung cd the anh hudng den nghiep ciia nu" hpc vien MBA Gia thuyet dupc de nghj la: H3: Moi trirdng hoat dong cd dnh hircmg cimg chieu den y d MBA Nguon von ban dau cho khdi nghiep la mpt yeu to quan trpng anh hudng den dpng ca ciia phli nir (Naser & cpng su, 2009) Cac nu doanh nhan cam thay kho khan de tim ngu lMB.4 n d suu v h oaedu an,nH4: D ngn2av vigc0ctlahk0 u yiih a9 ndi cp)hdla: tir Ngudn lm pN h td thi cuo ig aecc auan onianhnrn tai )hghn vavn o hsh vdn anuaund hcskiln b d n aatn ghngethi tkhai h,dithirc, dcechahnh o u aanp hd ytrp bunghiep kaov T h o dj n autai g ndnhnag h m dn cu akh gu nidin n,ghckvdi acd irc nad tir yhnogaloai th to dj nanh ahg b nch ucp v ieh cdcm ukn thiic achhucmg ,rdietu pcn ihgu n tiartich o y ghnciia hng ieubpp relhunm uc y(cimg H a ciia dcvh ib oaasy to n strcaucaindptch nhchieu nagk & ian rm hcac,chcatai vip nnv oh nangncgden h tprnir hasu, ih no ntiu hm h.trp C (G H yla0 kci0 eaodtim 9ts Hoang Thi Phftcmg Thao Bui Thi Thanh Chi/Tap chi P/;riff/-/t:>7fa>;/i/J 271 (05 2013) Yunus, 2009) Ben canh do, Wu & Wu (2008) cho rang cac yeu to thuoc nen giao due den y djnh kinh doanh la trinh dp hpc van, chuyen nganh hpc tap va tieh hpc tap nu hpc vien, co tich hpc tap tot hp se tu tin san sang khdi nghiep hon Dac b kien thuc sau ve ITnh vue kinh doanh thong qua chuong trinh MBA, y djnh khoi nghiep manh me ban Gia thuyet dupe de nghj la: H5: Dgc diem ca nhdn cd dnh hu&ng ciing chieu den y dinh kh Theo Naser & cpng su (2009), nghe nghiep va vj tri xa hpi cua nguoi chong hoac nguo mpt vai tro quan trpng cong viec kinh doanh ciia ngirdi phu nu Nhung ngudi than n dpng vien, khuyen khich ngudi phu nu: vdi cdng viec kinh doanh Ngoai trach nhiem tai hp doi vdi gia dinh, vdi chong eo the anh hudng rat Idn den y dinh kinh doanh ciia h nghe nghiep cua chong, nghe nghiep cua cha, trach nhiem vdi chong eon the hien yeu to anh hudng den y dinh khdi nghiep cua nii hpc vien MBA H6: Tdc dgng ciia gia dinh cd dnh hitdrig ciing chieu den y d MBA Cac gia thuyet nghien cins dl tai dupe phat trien dua tren cac nghien ciru t thay d6i cho phii hpp vdi ngu canh VN Su khac biet cua nghien ciiu so vdi cac nghie chinh la d6i tupng khdi nghiep: nir hpc vien MBA Hau het cac thang mo h dupc dua tren cac nghien ciiu ciia Sarri & Trihopoulou (2004), Wu & Wu (2008), Hossain sir (2009), Naser & cpng su (2009) Phuong phap nghien ciiu Nghien ciru dupc tien hanh theo hai budc chinh la nghien ciru so bp va nghien ciru ch Nghien ciru so bp la nghien ciiu djnh tinh sir dung phuong phap thao luan tay doi vdi ban md Nghien ciiu so bp nhkm dieu chinh va bd sung thang cac bien Nghien ciru d viec chuyin tai cac thang vao boi canh nghien ciiu hien tai nham dam bao gia trj dp tin cay cao Mdu thao luan nhom gom 11 nir quan li cd nhieu nam kinh nghiem dang theo hpc chuang trinh MBA da tham gia tra Idi cau hdi xoay quanh eac khai niem va thang Nghien ciru chinh thirc la giai doan thu thap dii lieu djnh lupng bdng bang cau hoi tu tr din dja chi email cac Idp MBA Doi tupng tra ldi la nu- hpc vien cac khoa hpc quan tr cua cac Trudng Dai hpc Kinh tl, Dai hpc Bach khoa va Dai hpc Md TPH CM dupe chpn th phap thuan tien vdi quy md mau thuc te la 222 Bang cau hoi djnh lupng gdm ba pha y; d tT h uim uo hdnvgngagdlq (3) d tin ueam nT dgyh avn oata ndjghoi lnpgiai hctinq kddi u chth aydicthn u dnh apgan cn hag bieciepcntra uyavdi ed uu ldi dpato tcp havdi n dtren vg im ientghdaovdi nkigiLi md tkho ert adjnngdjh5ndhcodiacld m djag nihatir; d th(2) I:aunykhehT toh nP nd gh gnah gndieontin ntig eciru hkyhnahd oaP enhasn atd5t:tich c (EFA a hcoa 14 I Hoang Thi Phmmg Thao Bii I In Thanh Chi Tap chi Phdi trien kinh i4 271 (05/2013) Ket qua nghien ciru Kef qud ngliien ciru dinh finh Thong qua cac cuoc thao luan tay doi, thang bien dpc lap dupc dieu chinh lai cho p voi nghien cuu (Bang I) Mpt so bien quan sat cua khai niem dpng co day, dpng co keo, ciia gia dinh co dieu chinh theo ngtr eanh nghien curu Ket qua thao luan cho thay ben canh tac dpng ho trp, yeu to gia dinh cung co the gay ngudi phu nir din vdi y dinh khdi nghiep Cac ylu to niu cd anh hudng cang Idn thi day ngudi phu nir xa rdi y dinh khdi nghiep Theo van hoa A Dong, ngudi phu nu- hie cdng viec ngoai xa hdi thi quan xuyen cdng viec gia dinh van la tm tien so mdt Viec can viec xa hpi va gia dinh doi vdi nfl- doanh nhan la mpt thach thurc rat Idn de cd the vira nghicp vira bao ve hanh phuc gia dinh Trach nhiem vdi nhirng ngudi than ma hp phai cham tilp cung la mpt yeu t6 cd the anh hudng can trd quyet dinh khdi nghiep.cia ngudi phu nir do, nay, tai mpt sd gia dinh co huu van cdn tdn tai lu tudng trpng nam khinh nQ- CO eon trai mdi co dii ban ITnh dc lam nen su nghiep, ngudi phu nir chi co the dam trac gia npi tro, sinh de eai NIU xuat than tir gia dinh nhu vay, ngudi phu nir thudng tu ti, nghT din khdi nghiep Do dd, H6 dupc tach gia thuyet de the hien ro hon hai k mpt khai niem nghien ciru: DH6a: ong ca daHo y tro lir gia dinh co dnh limmg tich cue den y dinh khai H6b: ca Rdo can ciia gia dinh co dnh huong tieu cue den y dinh k Dpng keo Bang Md ta thang ciia cac bien doc lap da dieu chinh MOI Yeu totrudng anh huonghoat dpng Thang T h a t n g h i e p t i n h g i a m b i e n c h e , phai lam cong viec khong phti hop*; rao Nguon von thang tien; cai thien thu nhap; khong hai long vdi cong viec lam thue Dac dicm ca nhan Khang dinh gia tri ca nhan dia vi chii doanh nghiep; nhu cau tu thuc hie cong viec cho nguai khac, dieu khien ngudi khac* Tham gia hiep hoi phu nir vudn uam doanh nhan; duac van dpng, tuyen truyen; dpc lap quyet dmh Von ban dau tu co; ngudi than ho trp: von vay ttr cac ngan hang; ho Ghi ehii * Bien vcahinIhantirg C dohni'hcophduic,utochcinhircbophisucnhginhsauphun.ghien ciru dinh tinh Y tudng kinh doanh; kien thirc/kT nang kinh nghiem: thich duong dSu vai thach thiic moi trudng canh tranh: tich hpc tap cR H haoim nohtra cv aso nac tir i cing niaigauudgaidiainththda:an in.thr:u:ytuesp ntutd tai hnog ntgiexn eg m lamchtho chii; udngg uidapihu dthinahn nir.im lam g hqp ua;ntrachircn;hietrm ue Hoang Thi Phucmg Thao Bui Thi Thanh Chi / Tap chi Phdi tnen kinh lillX Dgc diem mau nghien cieu dinh luffng Mau nghien ciru bao gom nhiing nu- hpc vien MBA dang quan tam den viec Ichai ngh mau CO khoang 66% d dp tu6i hi 25 - 30, 15% co tu6i tir 31 - 35 va 10% dudi 25 tren 35 tu6i ehilm ti le nho nhit gan 9% D6i tupng khong di lam chiem 5% va dang d 95% Trong sd ngudi dang di lam, nhung ddi tupng ehi lam viec theo chuyen mon chiem 48% Nhung doi tupng vira lam chuyen mdn vira quan li chiem 42% Nhirng ddi tupng chi li chiem 10% Sd ngudi dang lam viec ITnh vuc san xuat ehilm ti le thap nhit 9%; 26%; dich vu 45% va ITnh vuc khac 20% Sd dap vien muon khdi nghiep ITnh v chiem 4%; thuang mai 44%; dich vu 40% va ITnh vuc khac 12% Kinh nghiem lam viec e dudi nam va tren 10 nam deu chiem ti le 6%; cd kinh nghiem tii- din nam ch nghiem tir den 10 nam 16% So ngudi dat tich hpc tap kha chiem ti le cao nh khao sat 58%; gidi 17%, va trung binh 25% Tit ong ke md td Cac bien dinh lupng bao gdm 21 bien quan sat phan anh ylu to anh hudng va phan anh y djnh khdi nghiep Tri trung binh cac bien dupc thi hien Bang K thay cdc yeu td cd trj trung binh ldn hon 3, the hien su ddng y kha cao cae dap binh ldn nhat la 3,45 thudc yeu td ddng ca keo Hai yeu td cd trj trung binh nhd han trudng (2,82) va yeu td rao can ciia gia dinh (2,40) Y djnh khdi nghiep ciia nu hpc vien k qauna hpiehnannatich an to va tin cay lam bdi canh B kiannhgte2.khKdetkh y (3,n3h5) han to djnh thang He $6 tai nhan td Ket qudNkiem 5an tich6nhan t7d kham pha Cac ket qua thu dupc tir dp tin1cay C2ronbach3s' Alpha4va ph aycac khai niem nghien ciru deu dat yeu cau ve gia trj hieu dung va dp tin c thD aypngthaC nO g- nbachs' Alpha = 0,768; igenbiin = 5q,3u0 8; sPahtuadlu ng sdaui/op)etnc'=hch2a(2"p,11n6h;anCrovdi TG atidcatri cE ac an he sd tai nhan td ldn hon 0,50 He sd trutirng0,6 bi4 nh =din3,109,776 ATrj lBpiham at viec, phai lam cong viec k 0h,7o1n0g phti hap Kko can thang tien 0,799 Muln cai thien thu nh§p 0,714 Khong muon lam thue 0,620 Dong C O k6o 26): =Cronbachs' Alpha = 0,740; Gia trj Eigen = 2.550; Phuang sai tric1h0.6(% Trj uung binh = 3,45 16 I Hoang Thi Phucmg Thao Bii Thi Thanh Chi, Tap chi Phai trien kinh le 271 (03/2013) Mu6n khang dinh gia tri ban than 0,699 Mu6n nr chu cong viec 0,810 Mudn dilu khien nguai khac 0,774 Moi tnrcmg boat dong Gia trj Eigen =1,941; Phuang sai trich (%) = 8,097; Cronbachs' Alpha = 0.746; Trj trung binh = 2,82 0,829 Tham gia hoat dong hiep hpi 0,832 Dupc van dpng tuyen truyen 0,706 Hien h tuomg dupc quyet dinh Von Gia trj Eigen= 1,723; Phuang sai tnc'h (%) = 7,178; Cronbachs' Alpha = 0,677; 0.680 Tri trung binh = 3,34 ,811 Von nguoi than gia dinh 0.806 Von vay ngan hang Ho tra tai chinh tir Chinh phu va to chuc phi chinh phu Dac diem ca nhan Gia tri Eigen= 1.603; Phuang sai trich (%) = 6,680; Cronbachs' A0lp,6h4a9= 0,759; 0,763 Trj trung binh = 3,35 0,654 Nhay cam vdi ca hpi kinh doanh 0,700 Co kien thuc kT nang, kinh nghiem Thich dupc thu thach Tu tin vdi tich hpc tap 0,552 Ho tro" tir gia dinh 948; Gia tri Eigen = 1,374; Phuang sai trich (%) = 5,724; Cronbachs' Alpha =0,609,6 0.757 Tri trung binh = 3.12 Truyen thong lam chii cua gia dinh Gia dinh ing hp Co trach nhiem tai chinh vdi gia dinh 0,777 R^o can tir gia dinh 0,841 Gia tri Eigen = 1.119; Phuang sai tnc'h (%) = 4.663; Cronbachs' Alpha = 0.776; P S Trip haitrtai utrnugetienbtg ienphchc=oham n2g,4u0sdoicthanngudi than Hoang Thj Phucmg Thao Bii Thj Thanh Chi / Tap ehi Phdi trien kinh ti Anh hircmg tu tuong Uong nam khinh niJ Y djnh khffi nghiep Gii trj Eigen = 2,039; Phuomg sai trich (%) = 67,959; Cronbachs' Alpha = 0,758; Trj trung binh = 3,35 Da hinh y u tomg kinh doanh 0,839 D§ c6 ki hoach v6n 0,873 Sg bat dau kinh doanh 0,756 Phdn tich tuang quan Bang mo ta he so tuong quan Pearson phan anh muc dp chat che cua moi lien he cac bien dpc lap vai nhau, giira cac bien dpc lap va phu thupc va xac djnh gia trj phan I Bang3 Ma 4tran tirong quan Dpng ca dly 0,278** 0,118 0,213** 03 ,60** 0,355** 0,010 03 ,49** Dpng CO keo 0,050 0,184** 0,390** 0,213* -0,154* 03 ,26** Moi trudng 0,194** 0,201** 0,195** 0,127 0.108 Ngudn vdn 0,362** 0,219** -0,045 04 ,37** Ca nhan 0,219** -0,045 04 ,37** Hd trp tir gia dinh Rao can ciia gia dinh Ydjnh khdi chu: nghiep **Tuang quan cd y nghTa d muc: 0,01; *Tuang quan co y nghTa d muc 0,05 Ghi HSu hdt he sd tuang quan giira cac bien cao horn 0,2 the hien mdi lien he tuang quan tu cac bien kha chat che H? so tuang quan thap nhit (0,010) va cao nhat (0,764) khdng vup didu kien 0,85 (John & Benet-Martinez, 2000) Dieu ehirng minh gia trj phan biet giira ni?m nghien cuu da dat dupc Trong Bang 4, tat ca gia trj dung sai tu 0,699 den 0,943 (ldn hon chi so vi pham 0,01 VIF tir 1,061 den 1,431 (khdng vupt qua 10) cho diay su da cdng tuyen rat thap, xac nh thang ludng khdng trimg lip 18 I Hoang Thi Phtiong Thao Bii Thi Thanh Chi Tap chi Phdt trien kinh t4 271 (05/2013) Phdn tkh hoi quy Ket qua mo hinh h6i quy tuyen tinh boi thi hien Bang phii hgrp vcri tap dii lieu dieu chinh = 0,639) Dac dilm moi trucmg khong anh huong dang ke den y dinh khdi ng 0,842 > 0,05) Sau biin doc lap lai deu co anh huong len bien phu thuoc theo thii t trpng: Dac dilm ca nhan (P=0,691), nguon v6n (P=0,277), dpng ca day (P=0,189), ho trp tir (P=0.180), dpng CO keo (P=0,136) va rao can ciia gia dinh (P=-0,091) Hau hit cac biin tre dpng thuan chilu din y dinh khdi nghiep, chi trir yeu to rao can gia dinh co tac dpng ng vdi y dinh khdi nghiep B ciia cetviq enuaM ao hoi can qcuayngbdi thap y djnh khdi nghiep ci angnir4.hp K pB haAn R tich cao Kit qua cho thiy rao can gia dinh d6i vdi hpc vien nu- nghieD n cuu d mu ch uan urbindigeuthcahninghdo tirSai1led Rpt chiit (trj trungR trung binh m b-inh la 2,4 R tro-n ench5) Watson 0,806 0,649 0,639 06 ,0005 2,093 D a c d n g t u yen H e s o B e t a Gia tri 1Mirc y nghTa Cac bien doc Igp chuan hoa Dung sai VIF Dac dilm ca nhan 0,691 171 ,00 0,000 0,699 14 31 Dong CO keo 01 36 33 75 0.001 0.810 12 34 Dong ca day 0,189 4,685 0.000 0.775 12 91 Nguon von 0,277 6,868 0,000 0.851 11 ,75 H6 ua tir gia dinh 0,180 4,454 0.000 0,81 12 34 Rao can ciia gia dinh -0,091 -2,251 0.025 0.943 10 ,61 Dac diem moi trudng 0.008 0,200 0,842 0,896 11 ,17 Biin phu thuoc: Y dinh khdi nghiep ciivaiennuM hB oA c Nhu vay, ngoai trir gia thuyet H3 bj loai bo, cac gia thuyet H1 H2, H4, H5, H6a va H chap nhan Thdo luan ket qud nghien cuu So vdi mpt so nghien ciiu trudc, ket qua nghien ciiu cd nhung diem tucmg ddng va Nghien ciiu cd ciing ket luan vdi nghien ciiu ciia Sarri & Trihopoulou (2006) ve tac d ddng CO day va ddng ca keo den y djnh khdi nghiep Kit qua nghien ciru ciia Hossain (2009) cho thay yeu td mdi trudng anh hudng manh nhit den y djnh khdi nghiep ciia Bangladesh nghien ciiu la dac dilm ca nhan Dilu dd cho thiy ngudi phu nii Ba bjietanhayhcuddng ddngddngh op aicluvin c trcounagdkhi o npi b thecula dtaoc trinh di tunognugdikphhauo ni sart V nN ghielna d ciiu naytaicaocahannhanva Hoang Thi Phucmg Thao Bii Thi Thanh Chi / Tap chi Phdi inen hnh tillX hoc tap va lam viec tai VN tao dieu kien giiip ngudi phu nii VN tu chu hon Co kien thi nir se tu tin va quyet doan hon cuoc song Doi vdi ngudi phu nii VN, tinh hinh hien qua khd khan cung vdi hieu qua hoat ddng kem ciia cac td chiic hiep hdi, ciia su van truyen dan din yeu td mdi trudng khdng anh hudng thuc day khdi nghiep Suy nghT an dn dinh d vi tri quan li cdng ty ciia nir tri thuc cung lam cho ho khdng hudng nghiep Cac nghien ciiu trudc va nghien ciiu deu cho thay dac diem ca nhan cd anh hucm den quyet djnh khdi nghiep Yeu td it thay ddi theo thdi gian bao gdm kha nang chju nai, kha nang sang tao va nhu cau dat vi ,\uat phat tir ndi tai ciia ban than ddi tu-gng kinh doanh, nhay ben vdi co hdi kinh doanh, thich thach thuc, va tu tin vdi tich hgc cho thay phu nii khdng kem gi nam gidi y chi vuon len de trd ngudi than Ngudn vdn la yeu td anh hudng xep thii hai sau dac diem ca nhan Qua that, khdng khdng the lam cho bat ki doanh nghiep nao boat ddng va sinh Idi dugc Tuy nhien, hien nay, ddi vdi nhiing quan tam den thj trudng cd the se ddng y rang cd vdn cting k tu vao dau de cd lgi nhuan hoac neu chpn dugc thi kha nang cdng se thap Thj tru san ddng bang, thj trudng chiing khoan tut ddc, san xuat cam chung, djch vu thuong mai cang khdc liet de danh thi phan, v.v Kinh te khd khan lam cho ngudi tieu dimg c tieu, tiet kiem phdng than lam cho lugng hang hda ban sut giam Cac doanh nghiep hie giai thd hoac co cum lai dd giam bdt chi phi vi doanh thu khdng dat Ti-udc thuc te nhu nhirng ngudi sdn sang duong dau va thich thu thach sang tao y tudng, nhay ben vdi co doanh thj trudng kh4c nghiet, dugc trang bj kien thiic, kT nang, kinh nghiem va tutin tich hgc tap mdi cd y djnh khdi nghiep Vdi dac diem ca nhan do, hg hy vgng va cd thiy CO hdi kinh doanh tinh hinh khd khan hien Mdt ddng gdp nhd ctia nghien ciiu so vdi nghien ciiu trudc la tach yeu td gia dinh phan gom hd trg tir gia dinh va rao can cua gia dinh Trong mdi quan he vdi cac gia dinh nhu cha me, anh chj em, chdng eon, cd the se phat sinh nhung anh hudng trai djnh khdi nghiep cua ddi tugng, va nghien ciru da cho thay tac ddng hd trg va ca rao dinh cd anh hudng thuan va nghjch ddn y djnh khdi nghiep ciia nQ- hgc vien MBA Ket luan va kien nghj Nghien ciru da chi rSng cd yeu to anh hudng den y djnh khdi nghiep ciia MBA la: Dac didm ca nhan, nguon von cho khdi nghiep, ddng co day, ho trg tir gia din tckhda v b u d ieucaonY rim to g ,th etio v anghj una^u chit ctndh toig e rn kiem ,ax ihok ad n cvh a ugcacg ahuacdnld an d ig m oaievii d an lm cad n ucg uth acacin u ddnudi n cro nah gah dain ady thiet d h ntadhdinh yh acan bim d diriyng h tx d nead an g layic ovdi N tay q n tud oec u go uancyd lp gu ato dc hn sdj am a cdc lai gtnm cttird o htrien ilv aegnacnihdi g o tkaruligt n htrie c dgtm n ianickhhg an m ianhng giong y hu ctdt g.h ehuid naig etip o m tid ato naebn cadi m u h rtn aK u ia.naodoanfi y hm h T cn osinh auiutc ahC nm d an hn ahy g ianu am P chn tsh a u tg ,in g ad vnlidn phii, tcihn deu hgnh snaag tih g tentn ah M g cn tdt eaniB d o crhaA d nsuu ag dctn doehvg h ndd, iQ eig h dchi uu e-n o tag m ih cxscau a hnd u q pum n au :hdi, hvn gaiahm g 20 I Hoang Thi Phricmg Thao Bii Thj Thanh Ch^i Tap chi Phdt trien kmh li 271 (05/2013) sang tao, ton vinh cac tam guong sang tao vugt kho, tao dieu kien thuan lgi phat trien kien nang cho cac hat giong dac biet Gia dinh, nha trudng va xa hpi tao cac boat dpng thich sang tao y tudng kinh doanh d6ng Uidi h6 trp nang cao kiln thuc, kT nang, kinh ng doanh ciia ddi tupng Cac t6 chirc \a hpi eo thi tuyen truyen dpng vien tinh thSn doi tugng bang each chi ro cd the gap phai dl hp cd thi lam chii tinh hu6ng, don gian hda su that bai, hay ca n guong nir doanh nghiep vugt qua dugc thir thach DI dat dugc va tu tin vdi tich hgc tap t6t, doi tugng rat can to chuc dao tao qua phucmg phap giang day ciing su dgng vien tinh than hgc tap Trong chuang trinh hgc MBA, hgc ve kT nang quan li, kT nang quylt djnh va phuang phap hgc tinh huong thuc su co d6i vdi ddi tugng Viec truyin dat kiln thiic chuyen mdn nen kit hgp vdi nhieu hdi thao dl mang tinh thdi su lien quan dl van dung kiln thiic dd vao vide giai quyet cac van de thu ra, cac hoat ddng tdn vinh ca nhan cd tich hpc tap tdt gdp phan gia tang su tu tin c hudng den khdi nghiep Tgo dieu kien thugn lgi di cdc nfr hgc vlin MBA co the tiep can Gia dinh ho Mq vdn cho hp la mdt ylu td ddng vien rat ldn giiip hp tu tin khdi nghi ngan hang can dua cac sang kien giup phu nu- nang cao kha nang tiep can tin dung n nang cao tiet kidm tin dung, cac sang kiln giup phu nir hieu ve rui ro tai chinh Day la ye dua lai co hdi cdng bang cho phu nir tiep can ngudn vdn cho khdi nghiep Hon niia cin dilu tiet kinh tl vT md cho giam dupc lai suat vay va day liii lam phat tao dieu ki cho cac nu doanh nhan tiem nang Dgng vien tinh than vd ton vinh nhirng ngudi vugt khd khan d cao tinh than doanh nhdn Tinh hinh kinh tl khd khan hidn cd the de dpa y djnh khdi nghidp nhung nd ciing eac ydu td thiic diy khdi nghidp Mit vide cd the chi la thdi diem de ngudi lao ddng chuy nghd nghidp sang lam mdt dng chii nhd hoac mdt doanh nhan Ve quan diem nay, ddi tugn khich Id rit nhieu tu cac tim guong cdng tao dung nhung doanh nghiep uy tin tir bu nghi nghiep va ngoai nude Cd mdt thuc te la ca thdi budi kinh te khd k doanh nghiep mdi, va nhu-ng doanh nhan tai gidi deu cd the gat hai cdng, lien tuc tan Xa hdi can tdn vinh va khang djnh su thira nhan nhirng doanh nhan da ddng gdp vdn lien cho su phat trien kinh te dat nude nham gdp phan kich thich su phat trien ldn manh ciia csb na\ M pu ah innu B hR Gia A baim n ni o dharcgndcg td radinh oh anth npgidi g e,gitav m gidi o ucin d oho tnindhsiedi dleutrg ncdg sakikauieahn khdi dhinovh nahguhn v dcnghiep ig ean ho p agiaytirng ltieu asm neaybcggu d viaie atva ungdi daccen hd n thuc h oh nyb ntC dandj ac gnhien tai, h thtlcahk nabm h c,adon gibinh iasnxd pg ac h dhainihdi dhnpg ldang e.u vnbD adineahx nth apadh v ngidl hdi aangg.bT iadgidi ui drtru atiunod hthi nnd cgadnx eaxeT Hoang Thj PhT iOTgi Thao Bii Thi Thanh Chi / Tap chi Pluii irieii kmh li Han che va hu-dng nghien cihi tiep theo Nghien ciru chi dugc thue hien tai TP.HCM, tap trung vao trudng dai hoc nhung sat cac nir hoc vien MBA tai eae trung tam dao tao ben ngoai l