Gia dinh Viet Nam sau 30 nam doi moi Nguyen Hihi Minh Tdm tdt: Sau gin 30 nam dii mdi, ciing vdi nhGng bien chuyen tich cyc vl kinh te - xa hpi, ddi song gia dinh Vift Nam cung cd nhilu thay ddi, dgt nhihig vdn de mdi can quan tdm Bai viet tap trung phan tich nhOng tyu ve cdng tac gia dinh, nhGng hgn che chii ylu vl nhan thuc cung nhu nhung bit cap ddi sdng gia dinh hifn nay, cac nguyen nhan cua tinh hinh Tren co sd cac phan tich cy thi bdi viet da trinh bdy mpt sd van de chu ylu cin quan tdm ve mgt chinh sdch nhim xdy dyng gia dinh Vift Nam no am, tiln bp vd hgnh phuc Tk khda: Gia dinh; ddi sdng gia dinh; chinh sdch; Vift Nam M d d a u Vift Nam hidn da chinh thGc Gd thdnh su thdnh cdng cua sg nghifp cdng nghipp hda, hifn dgi hda (CNH, HDH) dit nudc vd nudc cd thu nhdp trung binh vdi thu nhgp xay dyng chu nghia xa hpi Gia dinh cd vai binh quan diu ngudi la 1.020 dd la My vao Gd quan trpng khdng chi ddi vdi su phdt ndm 2009 vd khoang 2.200 dd la My ndm trien cua mdi ca nhdn md ca Gong vifc thuc 2015 Tuy nhien Gong nhGng nam vGa qua, hifn cdc chGc nang xa hdi, giG gin vd chuyen Vift Nam ciing da trai qua nhihig khd khdn giao cdc gid trj vdn hda dan tpe tu the hf ndy ve kinh tl Tang trudng Tdng sdn phim sang the hf khac Dau tu cho gia dinh cung qudc npi (GDP) cua Vift Nam dd chgm lgi Id ddu tu cho phdt tridn ben vihig Chinh vi ba ndm lien tiep, nam 2011 la 6,24%, ndm v|iy, Nghj quyet cua cdc ky Dgi hpi Dang 2012 chi dgt 5,25%, nam 2013 dgt 5,42% deu nhdn mgnh sy quan tam din gia dinh Ndm 2011 vd 2012 cd gin 110.000 doanh vdi tu each la "te bao cua xd hgi, Id cdi ndi nghifp gidi thd, ngung hogt dpng, bdng mpt than ydu nudi dudng ca ddi ngudi, Id mdi nGa ting sd doanh nghifp dd ngung hogt trudng quan Ggng giao due nep song vd dfng ke tG ddi mdi Nhiing didu dd anh hinh thdnh nhan each" (Dgi hpi Ddng VII) hudng nghiem Ggng den tinh hinh gidi Cuang ITnh xay dung dat nudc Gong thdi ky quylt vifc Idm Nam 2012, Vift Nam cd qua dp len chu nghia xa hgi (bd sung, phdt tong cgng 925,6 nghin ngudi thit nghifp va tridn ndm 2011) da nhin manh: "Xay dyng gin 1,34 trifu ngudi thilu vifc ldm Trong gia dinh no dm, tidn bf, hanh phuc, thgt su thang diu ndm 2013 ty If thit nghifp cd Id te bao ldnh mgnh cua xa hpi, la mdi xu hudng tdng len Nhung thdnh tyu vd khd trudng quan Ggng, true tilp giao dye nip khdn neu Gen vl kinh tl - xa hpi cd tdc song va hinh thdnh nhdn cdch" dgng mgnh me din ddi sdng gia dinh Vift Cung vdi cac Nghj quylt vd Cuong linh Nam Gong giai dogn hifn ciia Dang, Trung uong Ddng va Chinh phu Thdnh tuu cong tdc gia dinh Ddng va Nhd nudc ta ludn khdng djnh ' ' Ph6 giSo SIT, tien sT, Vifn NghiSn cuu Gia dinh v& ring, d Vipt Nam su dn djnh cua gia dinh Gidi, Vifn H4n ISm Khoa hpc xS hpi Vift Nam chinh la mgt nhGng nhdn tl quyet djnh DT: 0903267764 Email: minhngaanh@yahoo.com 51 Tgp chi Khoa hgc xd hgi Viet Nam sd 11(96) -2015 Cling da ban lianh nhdng chi thi cu thS ve van de Ngay 04 tiiang nam 2001, Thu tudng Chinh phii da ban hanh Quyet dinh so 72/2001/QD/TTg liy 28 thang hang nam la Ngay Gia dinh Viet Nam Muc dich ctia gia dmh Viet Nam la: "D^ cao tiach nliigm l§nh dao cac nganh, cac cap, cac doan the va td chuc xa hoi ciing toan thS cac gia dinh thudng xuyen quan tam xay dung gia dinh no am, binh ding, tiSn bp va iianh phuc, day manh cong tac bao v^, cham sdc va giao due tie em, gdp pliln vao su ngiiiep xSy dung va bdo ve T6 qudc" Ngay 21 thang nam 2005 Ban Bi thu Trung uong Dang (khoa IX) da ban hinh Chi thi so 49-CTmV vj xSy dung gia dinh Viet Nam thdi ley CNH, HDH ddt nudc Ngay 29 thang nam 2012, Thu hidng Chinh phCiraquyet dinh sd 629/QD-TTg vS vi^c pha duy^t ChiSn luijic Phat triln gia dinh Vijt Nam din nam 2020, tiim nhin 2030, dd nhan manh xay dung gia dinh Vi$t Nam no im, tiln bp vi hanh phuc la myc tieu quan trgng ciia Chiln luge phat hien kinh tl - xa hgi giai doan 2011 - 2020 va la tiach nhi$m ciia mgi gia dinh thdi ky diy manh CNH, HDH dit nudc The chi hda cac chd ttuong, chinh sach ciia Dang, ttong miy thap nien qua, nhilu bg luat cung da ddi nhim xay dyng va phat triln gia dinh Vijt Nam, nhu LuSt Hdn nhan va Gia dmh 2000; Phap l$nh Dan sd 2003 (sda ddi, bd sung nam 2008); Lujt Binh ding gidi 2006; Luat Phdng chong bao Ivc gia dinh 2007; Luat Bao vS, cham sdc va giao dye tte em siia dSi 2004; Luat Ngudi cao tudi 2009; v.v Quin ttift nhihig quan dilm chi dao neu tren, van d6 xay dyng gia dinh dap img dugc nhCtag ySu ciu cua su nghi?p CNH, HDH da dugc quan tam ttong nhihig nanj gan day Nam 2003, Vy Gia dinh, co quan chju ttach nhi$m quan ly nha nudc vl cdng 52 tac gia dinh dugrc lap, true thugc Oy ban Dan sd, Gia dinh va Tre em (nay thuoc Bd Van hda, Thi thao va Du lich) Sau CO quan quan ly nha nudc ve vin dl gia dinh dugc ki jn toan, da cd nliilu hoat d^m dugc triln khai nhim muc tieu xay d(rag gia dinh Viet Nam, ttong dd cd vi?c thyc hien cac md hinh gia dinh "no im, tiln \xi va hanh phuc" Phong ttao xay dyng "Gia dinh van hda" vdi cac tieu chi nhu: gia dinh im no, hoa thuan, tiln b0, khde manh va hanh phic, thyc hi|n t6t nghia vy cdng dan dugc tj chiic rgng khip d cac dja phuong da co ddng gdp khdng nhd vao vigc ciing c6 gia dinh va phat huy vai ttd cua gia dhih doi vdi sy phat ttiln xS hdi Ngoai ra, nhilu chuong trinh, chinh sach vl xay dung gia dinh cdng dugc thyc hi|n Ching han nhu, Chinh sach dan sd - kl hoach hda gia dinh; Chinh sach xda ddi giam ngheo; v.v Nhieu phong trao va hanh dgng xa hpi cy thi da dugc tiln hanh nhim timg budc dua lujt phap, chinh sach ciia Dang va Nha nudc di vao cugc sdng Ching han, thong tin tuyen ttuyin tten cac phuang ti?n thong tin dai chiing tu trung uong din cac dja phuong vl hdn nhan va gia dinh, binh ding gidi, vl chmh sach dan sd - kl hoach hiia gia dinh, xay dung gia dinh van hda, lang van hda; xay dung cae cau lac bg gia dinh hanh phuc, cau lac bg ngudi Idn miu myc, tre em cham ngoan, cau lac bg phat ttiln kinh te gia dinh, cau lac bg phu nO khdng sinh thd ba, cau lac bg phdng chdng I? nan xa hgi xam nhap vao gia dmh; v.v Gic td chuc doan thi sang tao nhilu hinh thirc van dgng, fijyen truyin phong phu, thiet thyc nhu phat ddng cie phong ttao "dng ba, cha mg mau muc, chdu thao hiln", "thap sang tmh yeu thuong ttong moi gia dinh", "vi mgt mai am gia dmh khdng ci bao luc" v.v Gia dink Vipt Nam sau 30 ndm ddi md NhGng no Iyc neu Gdn cua cip Gy, chinh quyen, cdc dodn thi va todn xa hfi da gdp phan hipu qud vdo vifc xdy dyng va phdt trien gia dinh Viet Nam theo dinh hudng no am, tien bd, hgnh phuc Muc sdng cac gia dinh tang len, phuc lgi gia dinh dugc bao ddm hon cho cdc ting ldp xd hfi Quyin quydt djnh hdn nhan cd nhilu thay ddi theo hudng tang vai Go chu dgng cua nien Vifc nang cao vai trd cGa phy nG, tdng cudng binh ddng gidi da lam tang hgnh phuc gia dinh Gong dd ngudi vg vd ngudi chong chia se cdng vifc vdi nhau, cdm thdng vd quan tam din Ngudi phy nG ngdy cang cd vj thi dfc lgp gia dinh Chung thGy van la mdt chuin myc Gong quan hf vg chdng Kinh Gen nhudng dudi tiep tyc Id chuan myc Gng xG gia dinh, nhien moi quan he cha mp - cai cdng dan chu hon Vai Gd vd vj thd cua cai Gong gia dinh da din tang len Trd em dugc quan tam phat triln toan difn hon Xa hgi tgo dieu kifn nhieu hon cham sdc cdc cy cao tudi Han chi cdng tac gia dinh Mdc du Ddng va Nha nude thGa nhdn tam quan Ggng cua gia dinh ddi vdi sy phdt trien xd hgi, nhien, Gong thyc te xay dyng chinh sdch chiing ta chua nhdn thGc diy du vai trd cGa gia dinh vdi tu each Id mft thidt che xa hgi d|c thu cd mdi quan hf ch§t che vdi cdc thiet che khac Gong hf thong xd hgi tdng the, su viitig manh hay bit cap cGa gia dinh se cd tdc dfng Idn ddi vdi vifc quan ly xa hfi ndi chung Gia dinh chi dugc coi nhu la mft tap hgp mdy mdc ciia nhGng thdnh vien chu khdng dugc nhin nhgn nhu mpt thiet che dgc lgp, cd su vgn dfng vd phdt trien rieng Id doi tugng cua cdc chinh sdch dgc lgp Chinh vi vdy, thilt che gia dinh chua cd vai Go thuc sy vifc xay dyng nguin nhan luc cd chit lugng cao tham gia vdo su nghifp CNH, HDH dat nudc cung nhu ciing cl su on dinh va phdt triln xd hdi ndi chung Trudc het Id ve mat lugt phap, chinh sach Mgc du Dang va Nha nudc da quan tam den viec xay dumg hanh lang phap ly tgo tidn de cho cdc hogt dgng xay dgng va cung cd gia dinh, nhien, hogt ddng trien khai vd thuc thi chinh sdch gia dinh vin cdn nhieu hgn chi Nhidu van bdn ludt chua dugc can bd nhdn thGc diy du Cdc dieu luat thudng mang tinh khung, chung chung vd dl thyc thi lai cin phdi nhd tdi nhGng van bdn hudng dan thuc thi dudi ludt, nhien nhGng van bdn hudng dan thudng dugc ban hdnh qud chdm Vi du nhu Ludt Phdng, chdng bgo hrc gia dinh dd dugc thdng qua tG thang 11 ndm 2007 nhung cho den thdng 12 ndm 2009 mdi ed vdn ban hudng dan thi hdnh (Nghj djnh sd 08/2009/ND-CP ngdy 04 thdng 02 ndm 2009 quy dinh chi tiet vd hudng dan thi hdnh mft sd dieu cua lugt phdng, chong bgo Iyc gia dinh vd Nghi dinh 110/2009/ND-CP ngdy 10 thang 12 nam 2009 quy dinh vl cdc mdc xG phgt hdnh chinh) Cdng tdc qudn ly nha nudc ve gia cUnh mdi dugc thyc hidn chinh thGc Gong thgp nien vua qua vd cdn g^p nhidu khd khan Ddi ngu cdn bp cd ky nang va kinh nghipm chuyen trach ve edng tdc gia dinh d cap co sd cdn thieu Co chd phdi hgp trien khai thuc hifn chinh sdch gia dinh chua ddng bd Cac ngudn dG lifu vd gia dinh den mdi bat dau tap hgp vd xdy dyng Tuy nhidn, vifc thu thdp thdng tin d cip co sd g|ip rdt nhieu khd khdn Mgt Gd nggi Idn nGa vifc thuc hien cdng tdc gia dinh cua cdc ca quan chGc ndng (kd cd cap tinh, huypn, xa) Id thilu kinh phi cho vifc triln khai thuc hien Nhilu chinh sdch (nhu chinh sdch ciing cd sy ben viing cua gia dinh, chinh sdch xdy dyng mdi quan hp vg chdng binh ddng, tiln 53 Tgp chi Khoa hpc xd hgi Vipt Nam, sd 11(96) - 2015 bg, hgnh phuc.) dugc quy djnh cdc bp lugt, phap lenh, chiln luge nhung khdng ed mye kinh phi danh ridng cho viec trien khai thyc hien nhung vin de Kit qua la vide triln khai thuc hien cdc chinh sach phap lugt vl gia dmh chi dugc ldng ghep cdc kl hogch khdc cua dia phuang Chiing ta chua cd nhihig sd lieu day du d quy md quic gia vl su van dpng vd phat triln cua gia dinh d Vift Nam, dan din cac chinh sach thilu khd thi Vifc hogch djnh cdc chinh sdch xa hpi ddi vdi gia dinh hay quan tdm din nhiing khia cgnh vl gia dinh Gong cdc chinh sdch kinh te - xd hdi khde cung chua thuc sy dya tren cdc bang chGng vd ludn cG khoa hgc Nhieu chinh sdch cd lien quan den gia dinh Viet Nam khdng hoan toan la ket qud ciia vifc phan tich mpt cdch cd khoa hpc su vgn dpng vd phat trien ciia gia dinh Viet Nam O day lien quan den mpt vdn dl rit Idn cua vifc xdy dyng chinh sdch Id thieu quan tam den chieu cgnh xa hpi cua qud trinh ndy, khdng tinh din nhGng ngudi thyc hifn chinh sdch vd ddi tugng cua chmh sdch Tac dpng cua nhGng ban che neu Gen Id khdng phdi tit cd cdc gia dinh da thuc sy trd thdnh "td am" cho moi ngudi, mdi quan he cd nhdn vd gia dinh edn long leo, bat binh ddng gidi vd bgo lye gia dinh van tdn tgi Cd the neu mft sd bit cgp Gong ddd sdng cdc gia dinh nhu sau: - Mdi quan hf gidi Gong gia dinh chua thyc su binh ddng Trong quan hf giua vg vd chong, vide phdn cdng lao dfng tren co sd gidi van cdn tri, mdc du da cd sy chia se can bdng hon giGa hai gidi cdng vifc sdn xudt kinh doanh hogc mdt sl logi vifc khac Nhin chung, sy tham gia cua nam gidi vdo cdng vifc ndi Gg khdng tdng ddng kl vd chua tuong xGng vdi sy gia tdng cua phu nG trdn thj trudng lao dpng Lao dpng npi trg khdng duge nhgn 54 thGc thda dang cd tG phia nam gidi vd phy nG vd cd thd din den hau qua tieu cue cho quan he vg - chdng vd cac thdnh vien khac Ganh ndng lao ddng "kep", vdi quy thdi gian hgn hpp, sue khde kem di, dang gdy Gd nggi cho phy nG phat triln ndng lye, kl cd vl the chat lan ddi sdng vdn hda tinh thin, dd cung ldm gidm chat lugng mil quan he vg - chdng Truyin thdng ngudi chdng dGng tSn quyen sd huu cdc tdi san Idn ciia gia dinh van cdn tdn tgi kha phd bien, dac bift d cdc vung ndng thdn Quan nifm ve ngudi chu gia dinh cd su thay ddi chgm, phin Idn ngudi dan van coi nam gidi Id chu gia duih Vdi nhGng "vifc Idn" cua gia dinh, vai tro quyet dinh ciia ngudi dan dng, ngudi chii gia dinh van la mgt thG chuan myc it thay ddi Rd rang, su phan bift gidi cdn kha bien, mdi quan hf vg - chdng Gong nhieu trudng hgp dudng nhu dang lap lgi hinh anh "chdng chiia vg tdi" tG xa xua va cin phai cd nhung no lye tridn khai manh md Ludt Binh ddng gidi nhdm cd dugc sy binh ddng thyc chat giGa phy nG vd nam gidi - Bgo luc gia dinh cdn nghiem trpng, Gong dd ndi bat nhdt Id bgo lye cua ngudi chdng ddi vdi ngudi vg, dang la van de dugc su quan tdm cua xa hdi Sd lifu dieu Ga qudc gia ve bgo Iyc gia dinh doi vdi phg nO Vift Nam nam 2010 cho thiy, cd 58,3% phy nG tham gia khdo sat da trdi qua it nhat mpt hinh thGc bgo hdnh vl thi chit, tinh thin ho§c tinh due Gong dd 27% dd trai qua it nhat mdt hinh thGc bgo lye Gong vdng 12 thdng trudc cudc dilu Ga Cd 32% phy nG cd chdng cho bidt, hg tGng Gdi qua bgo lye ve the chit; 6% Gong sd dd trdi qua bgo lye vdng 12 thdng Gd Igi Bao lye gia dinh, dgc bipt la bao luc cua chdng ddi vdi vg dd gay nhieu hgu qua ddng tide nghidm Ggng cho phy nG va Ge em Xet vl mdt xd hgi, tdn thit kinh tl lien Gia dinh Viet Nam sau 30 ndm ddi md quan den cdc hanh vi bao luc cua chdng ddi vdi vg cd thi chiim ddn 1,78% GDP hang nam Trong do, hiu hit cdc vu bgo luc gia dinh van dien am thim ddng sau canh cGa gia dinh, su can thidp cGa Nhd nudc va cac^ to chuc xd hfi cdn hgn che Cung cdn thilu sy thiu hiiu, thdng cdm, ldng nghe vd nhudng nhjn cua nhGng ngudi Gong cudc Cung gay dnh hudng tdng hgp tri cac hdnh vi bgo luc gia dinh, cdn cd: thdi quen sG dyng rugu vd chit gdy nghien; ngogi tinh; thdi dp nin nhin vi giG thi dien gia dinh vd xiu hd; su dung thG cua cfng ddng doi vdi cdc hanh vi bao lye; sy gia trudng; sy bit binh ddng vl kinh tl; nhdn thiic, Gdch nhidm vd ky ndng xu I;? cac tinh hudng cua cac cdn bg cd lidn quan cdn han che, V.V Nhu vgy, Luat Phdng ching bao lye gia dinh, m|c dG da dugc ban hanh vd cd hifu luc tG ndm 2008, din van chua thyc su la sy dam bdo phap 1^ cd dnh hudng sau rgng dii vdi mpi ting ldp nhdn dan Gdn vdi cac mau thudn, xung dgt vd bgo luc gia dinh la van dd ly hdn Sd lifu thing ke cho thiy sd lugng cdc cupc ly hdn tdng dan qua cdc ndm vd ty If nO diing don ly hdn ngdy cdng nhieu han nam gidi Vifc diing don ly hdn cua ngudi phy nG phan ndo cho thiy dja vi cua ngudi phy nG da thay dii, nhdn thGc vd quyin cua hp da dugc nang Idn, ngudi phy nu dang ngdy cdng ty chu han Gong ddi sdng hdn nhan cua minh Tuy nhidn, ddng sau cdc Id don ly hdn, kd ca phu nG diing ten, cung phan dnh mgt sy that Id ngdy nay, tdc dfng ciia nin kinh tl thj trudng da len ldi vdo ddi sdng gia dinh, nhieu chi phii cd mii quan hf giGa chdng yd vg vd dan din nhiing cugc ly hdn ddng tile Hdu qud Idn cua cdc cugc ly hdn chinh la su phdt triln thilu todn difn ciia cdi cung nhu sy thilu tdn Ggng cua cdi ddi vdi cha mp sau - Mgt nhimg van de can dugc quan tam hifn la sy bao luu xu hudng ua thich trai Van edn mdt ty If dang ke ngudi dan Gng hd quan nipm nhat thiet phai cd Gai Trong do, ddng eo cd Gai de cd ngudi nii ddi tdng dudng Id l;^ quan trgng Dang luu y la theo ket qua Dilu Ga nien vd vj thdnh nidn Viet Nam 2009, van cdn 12,6% nidn IGa tudi 14-25 cho rang can phdi cd trai Vide phan bift ddi xG giGa trai va eon gai dan den tinh trang chpn Ipc gidi tinh thai nhi Ty sd gidi tinh sinh d Vift Nam dang cd xu hudng tang, tG 110,5 be trai/100 bd gai vdo ndm 2009 din 111,2 ndm 2010; 111,9 ndm 2011 vd 112,3 ndm 2012 Vdi xu hudng ndy, nlu khdng cd sy can thifp, thi ty sd gidi tinh sinh d Vift Nam sd sdm din mGc 115 be trai /100 bd gdi vdo ndm 2015 vd chdc chdn chua dGng lai d dd Theo xu hudng nay, chi vdi th^p nidn sau tinh trgng khdng cd du phy nG cho ddn dng liy lam vg s6 xdy d nudc ta (gidng nhu tinh Ggng dang xdy d cdc nudc vd mgt sd viing lanh thd cua Ddng A nhu Trung Qudc, Hdn Qudc, Dai Loan hipn nay) Nhung tinh trang khung hoang "thira nam thieu nG" xdy thi su nguy hgi khdng chi den vdi nam gidi, ma edn ddnh sdn de chd ngudi phu nG: hp sS Gd thdnh ddi tugng bj Ganh cudp, thdnh van ngn mgi dam vd budn bdn phu nG, vd nhat la ngudn lao ddng cua ddt nudc sd bj thilu hyt d mot sd ITnh vyc can den bdn tay khdo ldo vd dc tham my tinh te cua phu nG Day la mdt hifn tugng rat bat binh thudng Ijch sG phdt tridn ddn sd gia dinh d Vift Nam vd cin dugc cdc nha hoach djnh chinh sdch phat triln xd hgi, cac bgc cha mp, nhit la nhiing ngudi dang Gong dg tuoi sinh dd quan tam - Trong bdi cdnh ciia nen kinh tl thi trudng va hgi nhdp qudc te hifn nay, chung 55 Tgp chi Khoa kgc xd hdi Viet Nam, sd 11(96) - 2015 ta dang chiing kiln mdt hifn tugng Icha bat dn d khdng it gja dinh, dd Id vifc thilu vdng su cham sdc, gido dye ciia eac bdc cha mp ddi vdi cdi, du hg vdn sdng cung nha vdi cae (kl cd d nhiing gia dinh "an nen lam ra", cung nhu d cac gia dinh neo don, dang gap khd khan ve kinh te) Theo kit qua Dieu Ga Gia dmh Viet Nam 2006, van cdn mpt ty If khdng nhd ngudi cha va ngudi me khdng danh chut thdi gian nao de chdm sdc cdi dudi 15 tudi: 6,8% ngudi me vd 21,5% ngudi cha Sy thieu quan tam eua cha mp ddi vdi cai cd the ddn den nhieu hgu qua tieu cue cd ve mdi lien he tinh cdm cha me - cdi hoac tdng them nguy CO ddi vdi cdc hdnh vi lfch chudn Gong cupc sdng Khdng it Gd em Gong cdc gia dinh khdng duge cha me quan tdm da bd hpc, di lang thang bui ddi, dl cudi cung roi vdo vdng xoay cua cdc ngn xa hdi nhu ed bgc, nghif n hut, cudp gidt, mgi dam va vd sd ede hiem hpa khac Cd mpt ty If khdng nhd cac bgc cha me gido dye cdi khdng diing cdch, ldm ngo cho loi lam cua tre, ddnh ddn bit kl ly gi, hay cd thdi dp bat lye ddi vdi cdc hdnh vi mdc loi cua cai Sd lifu dilu Ga Thanh nien vd vj thdnh nien Vift Nam lin (SAVY 2009) cho thiy, ed din , % tre vi thdnh nien tuii 14 - 17 cho bilt dd bj ngudi Gong gia dinh danh thuong tich, cd thi hiiu chu yeu la cha mp danh S l lieu Dilu Ga Gia dinh Vift Nam 2006 cho bilt, cd 1,4% ngudi lam cha mp da ddnh Ge cdi mdc l5i Gong 12 thdng Gudc khdo sat Vide gido dye Ge khdng dung each dan din nhGng hau qua tieu cyc Nhilu em da cd cdc hdnh vi nhu budn ba, gay gd danh nhau, udng rugu, sG dyng chit gay nghifn, v.v Tinh trang rit la nghiem trpng ddi vdi sy phat Giln nhdn cdch cua Ge vd ddi hdi su quan tam nhilu hon tG phia gia dinh va xk hdi Gong vifc bao vf sue khde thilu nien 56 Sy thidu hut kidn thuc ciia cdc bdc cha me v l dgc diem phat trien nhan thuc, sir thay ddi tam sinh ly cua cai Gong gi^ dogn vj nien vd khdng nam dugc cac phuang phap gido due mdt each hifu qud la nguyen nhan quan Gong lam tang nguy ca xung dot giGa cha me va cai Khd khan ndy ddi hdi phai thay ddi nhan thGc va tang cudng kidn thGc cua cd cha m? va vj thdnh nidn Gong su quan tam din Ge vj thdnh nien - mgt giai doan bet sGc quan Gpng vifc djnh hinh va phdt trien nhan each cai - Xu hudng gid hda dan cu dang dien khd nhanh d Vift Nam: nam 1979 ty If ngudi cao tudi tdng sd dan cu l^ 7,1%; d i n nam 2009 Id 10% Chi s l gid hda (ty sd giGa dan sd tG 60 tudi Gd len so vdi dan sd dudi 15 tudi tinh theo phan tram) da tang tu 18,2% nam 1989 len 42,7% nam 2012 Hidn cd khoang Gen 30% sl gia dinh Vidt Nam cd ngudi cao tudi Trong sl nhGng ngudi cao tudi cd 70% dang ty lam vifc nudi sing minh ho^c nhd vdo phin Go cip vd nudi dudng cua chdu; 30% dang sdng Gong dilu kifn nghdo; 95% dang mdc it nhat logi bdnh So vdi nhilu nudc khac Gen thi gidi thi ngudi gia d Vift Nam Gong tinh canh khd dgc thG Do phdi Gai qua mdt thdi gian chidn tranh kha ddi, nen phan ddng cdc cu khdng cd sd huu, khdng cd sd tiet kif m cung nhu cdc ngudn tich luy khdc Cd the ndi nhdm ngudi cao tuii dang gdp khd khdn, khdng chi Gong vifc chi Gd cho cdc djch vu kham chua bfnh va cham sdc sue khde, ma cdn khd cd thi tu nudi sdng ban th&i Nhihig khd khdn dang gdp phan day ngudi cao tudi vdo tinh trgng phy thupc vdo gia dinh va chau md khdng cd mot su lua chpn ndo khdc cac djch vy xa hgi chdm sdc ngudi cao tudi cdn non ydu nhu hifn Gia dinh Vi$l Nam sau 30 ndm ddi mdi Trong dd, gia dinh van dang ddng vai trd chu ydu phung dudi^, chdm sdc ngudi cao tudi Tuy nhidn, ngudi eao tuoi song dya vdo chdu dang gap khdng it khd khan vi ban thdn cugc sdng cua eon chdu cung cdn nhieu vdt va Theo so lifu Dilu Ga Gia dinh Vift Nam 2006, cd khodng 1/3 sl hd cd ngudi cao tudi Id hf ngheo, vi vgy vifc chdm sdc, phung dudng cha me gid Gong hp Id thyc sy khd khan Gong dilu kifn cdc chinh sdch ho Gg cua nha nudc cdn ft Ddi vdi nhieu hd gia dinh, chi phi chGa bfnh cho ngudi cao tuii Id mpt gdnh ngng kinh tl, vi vifc chi trd cho cdc djch vy y tl (kham chGa bfnh, thulc men, cham sdc.) thudng cao hon rit nhieu so vdi thu nhdp ciia hp Ngoai ra, cdn nhihig khd khan khac nhu: cdi bj tdn tdt, dau ylu, cdng vifc cua edi khdng In djnh, nhd neo ngudi Trong didu kifn dd, su Gg giup cua Nhd nudc thdng qua nhGng* hinh thuc khdc (bao hilm, Gg cip tuii gid, v.v.) nhdm giam bdt su phy thupc vl mdt vgt chat cua ngudi cao tudi ddi vdi chdu cd y nghia rat quan Gpng Dai bp phgn cdi ed su thdm nom, cham sdc thudng xuydn ve mat tinh thin dii vdi ngudi cao tudi Trong cudc song, nhChig luc budn, vui, ngudi cao tudi chu yeu chia sd vdi ngudi than ciia minh Gong gia dinh Tuy nhien, cung cd mft bf phan chau mdi chi quan tdm den ddi sing vat chit cua cac cy, cdn cugc sdng tinh thdn thi bd be Ly chinh la chdu thilu thdi gian, khdng sdn sdng ldng nghe vd giGa hai ben thilu sy quan tam chung Trong bdi cdnh cua tiln trinh CNH, HDH vd nhit la dudi sy tac dgng cua todn ciu hda, hf gid trj gia dinh d Vift Nam dang cd sy bien ddi rat Idn Ben cgnh nhiing gid trj cd truyin nhu "kinh tren, nhudng dudi", "Ggng xi" (tdn Ggng ngudi cao tudi), thi nhiing gia trj mdi nhu coi trgng "quyen ty cd nhan", "binh dang gidi", "quydn trd em" ciing cang dugc khdng djnh Sg bien ddi nay, Gong mdt chung muc nhat djnh, da lam cho mdi quan he dng ba - cha mp - chdu khdng thugn chidu nhu trudc day va lam tang nhiing mdu thuin vd xung dot the hf Didu tra Gia dinh Viet Nam 2006 cho bilt, cd khodng l/IO sd y kien tG cdc hg gia dinh cd the he chung sdng thGa nhdn cd su khdng thdng nhdt vd cdc van de ve le Idi sinh hogt, each qudn ly tiln vd tidu tiln, cdch thGc ldm dn vd phdt trien kinh te gia dinh, ciing nhu ve phuang phdp giao dye eon chdu D ^ bift can quan tdm Id mgt bd phdn ngudi cao tudi dang phdi trdi qua cdc hdnh vi bao lye ve the chat, tinh than va kinh te chau gay NhGng nguyen nhan chu ylu gdp phan dung duang eac hanh vi bgo lye ddi vdi ngudi cao tudi la sy tdn thd gia trj ddng tien d mdt sd ngudi, su khac bift ve loi sdng vd sy thieu quan tam cda cdc cap chinh quydn dodn thd ddi vdi mdi quan hf giira cac the hf Gong gia dinh Hifn tugng bgo lye ddi vdi ngudi cao tudi gdy nhieu hgu qud nghidm Ggng dii vdi ngudi cao tudi va gia dinh, xd hdi Trudc day ngudi cao tudi thudng sing chung vdi chdu Gong gia dinh md rdng va dieu dd trd thG bdn sdcriengd cdc gia dinh Vift Nam Vifc chdm sdc ciia cdi ddc bift cd y nghia ve mgt tinh thin ddi vdi ngudi cao tudi Tuy nhien, hf thdng Gg giGp cua gia dinh cho ngudi cao tuii Gong tuong lai gan se g^p nhiing Gd ngai nhung bien dpng cua quy md dan so va xu the hgt nhan hda gia dinh Vifc gidm sd Gong gia dinh se ldm gidm ngudn ho Gg cho cha mp tudi gia Sy tham gia cua phy nG vao Iyc lugng lao dgng xa hfi, nhieu nien di cu tim kilm vifc ldm khidn cho ngudi cao tudi cang cd don vd diieu noi nuong tya Nhieu ngudi cao tuoi 57 Tgp chi Khoa hgc xa hgi Viet Nam so 11(96) - 2015 se phai s6ng mgt minh va ty cham sdc cho ban than, pliai ddi mat vdi rat nhieu khd khan ve tai chinh va benh tat De dap ung nhu can cang da dang cua cac cu, ben canh cac iiinh thiic da quen thugc nhu cham sdc, nudi dudng tai nha, dich vy cham sdc theo yeu can va dich vu nudi dudng tap ttung, hien d nhieu dia phuong da xuit hifn nhieu loai hinh djch vu mdi, nhu djch vy nudi dudng ngudi cao tudi dudi hinh thiic dSu tu tu nhan, cd phin Tuy nhien, chua cd sy tdng ket, nit kinh nglliem cac hinh thdc dich vy M$t so van de chinh sach can quan tSm Cho den va ca thap ky tdi, gia dinh rd rang van la thilt chi khdng thi thay the ddi vdi vi?c dam bao phiic igi ca nhan Tuy nhien, vin dl la d cho thi chi gia dinh cd thi hi khai thac qua tai ma khdng cd dugc ho ttg can thilt DJc dilm cin dugc tinh den mgt each diy du nghien cilu ciing nhu dl xuit c4c chinh sach phuc lgi ndi chimg va chinh sach cham sdc ndi rieng, bao gdm cham sdc tte em, ngudi dm, ngudi cao tudi, v.v Ngoai ra, lien quan din nhihig biln ddi ciia gia dinh Vigt Nam tu cac mjt chiic nang, ciu tnic, quan h§ gia dinh, cd mgt sd vin dl djt cin quan tam nhu sau: IMha nudc cin tao nhiing dilu kien cin thilt va thuan lgi dl gia dinh cd co hot tilp can thi ttudng ttong nudc va qudc tl Sy mat can bing gidi tinh sinh dang nghiem ttgng hi?n ddi hdi phai tang cirtmg giio due, lam thay ddi tam ly truyin thing ve vai trd cua ttai, tao dyng quan ni?m binh ding giiia trai va gai ttongttachnhigm nudi dudng cham sdc cha mg gia va thd phung td tien Ben canh dd, nha nudc can cd cac chinh sach vi chilii liigc lau dai bao dam xa hgi cho ngudi gia de giam bdt sy phy thudc cua ngudi gia v4o cai 58 Cimg vdi tiln ttinh cdng nghiep hda, mgi lugng Idn ngudi lao dgng di cu va ngoai nudc de bao dam cugc sdng gia dinh Sy "phan ly" thdi bmh djt ta nhilu vin dl cin quan tam dl cung c6 vi xay dung gia dinh Bao luc gia dinh dang dien nghiem ttgng tai cac dia phuong, anh hudng tieu cyc din chit lugng cac mii quan he gia dinh, de dga sy ben vimg ciia gia dinh Cin thiet phai cd nhiing giai phap triet dl hon nhim thay ddi nhjin thuc xa hpi ve bao Iyc gia dinh, tang cudng cdng tic bao ve va giiip dd nan nhan, v.v Sy biSn ddi chuan muc vai trd ciia nam va nil ttong gia dinh cimg dat nhthig vin de mdi vl mdi quan he giiia binh ding gioi va cung cd quan he gia dinh ttong bli canh hien Vi vay, cin quan tam ciing cl chiic nang giao dye cua gia dinh, xSy dpg mdi quan h^ mdi gida cha mg va cai ttSn CO sd tilp thu nhiing gia tti nhin vSn mdi va ke thira nhung gia tri tdt dep cua gia dinh Viet Nam truyen thing Ddi vdi vigc phat huy vai ttd va cham sdc ngudi cao tudi, yeu ciu djt rattongthoi gian tdi la cin xu ly mgt each thich hgp mii tucmg quan giua cie chd thi thyc hi?n vi?c niy Trong thap ky tdi, gia anh cd thi van la noi dS ngudi cao tudi phat huy vaittdcua minh, ben canh cgng ddng va xa hgi Ding thdi, gia dinh se la noi cham sdc chinh dii vdi ngudi cao hidi, cdn cac hinh thilc khac sS mang tinh ho tnjr Do dd, can lam mgi vigc dl h§ ttg gia dmh thyc hign tit chiic nang phat huy va cham sdc ngudi cao tuoi Ben c?uih do, c^n thiy ring, cdng vdi qua trinh cdng nghiep hda va dd thj hda, xu th6 giam chiic nang cham sdc ngudi cao tuoi cua gia dinh la khdng thi dao ngugc, do, xa hgi cin chuin bj tdt cho hS thong an sinh xa hgi cong dl phyc vu nhu ciu cfla nguoi cao tudi, ddng thdi tao dieu kign cho cac djch vy tu nhan tham gia vao viec ho trg Gia dinh Vipt Nam sau 30 ndm ddi mdi ngudi cao tudi nhilu ngudi Gong sd hp cd kha ndng chi Gd dich vy Lien quan den viec bdo vf, cham sdc vd gido dye trd em, cd thi neu hai yeu ciu chinh.- mpt la vai Gd cua Nha nudc, thi hifn d sy dau tu ngudn luc cho vide bdo vf, chdm sdc vd gido due trd em; hai Id vifc dieu phoi mdi quan hf giGa Nhd nudc, gia dinh vd cac chG t h i khdc cdng tde bdo vf, cham sdc va giao due Ge em thi^l kgi kinh le bpo lire gia dmh ddi vdi phy nU tgi Viet Nam, Ha Ndi Do UNWomen tgi Viet Nam xudt ban Ha Npi 10 Nguyen HGu Minh va Trin Thj Hing (2011), "Thai dp cua thilu nien Viet Nam vl hdn nhan va gia dinh" Tap chi Nghien cdu Gia dinh vd Gidi 11 Nguyin Tin Dung (2015), Dien vdn cda Thd tudng Nguyen Tdn DOng lgi le ky niem 40 ndm Ngdy gidi phdng hodn loan mien Nam thdng nhdt ddt nudc, 30 thang nam 2015, Tai lifu tham khao Tp Hd Chi Minh Ban chi d^o Tong dieu tra dan so va nha d 12 Qudc hdi nudc Cpng hda xd hpi chu nghia Trung uang (2010), Tdng diiu tra ddn sd vd Vift Nam (2009), Lugt ngudi cao tudi Ha Nfi nhd d Vi?l Nam ndm 2009: Cdc kit qud chu 13 Qudc hpi Nudc Cpng hoa xa hpi chu yiu Ha Nfi nghTa Vift Nam (2000), Lugt Hdn nhdn vd Gia Bp Vdn hda The thao va Du ljch - Tong dinh, Ha Nfi cyc Thong ke, Vifn Gia dinh va Gidi, UNICEF 14 Quoc hpi Nudc Cpng hoa xa hpi chii (2008), Ket qud diiu tra gia dinh Vi^t Nam ndm nghTa Vift Nam (2007), Lugt Phdng chdng bgo 200(S,HaNpi luc gia dinh Ha Npi Chinh phii Vift Nam (2012), Phdt biiu 15 Tdng cyc Dan sd - Ke hogch boa gia cda Thu ludng Chink phu Nguyen Tan DUng tgi dinh, Tong cyc Thong ke, Ngan hang phat trien Hpi nghf Nhdm tu vdn cdc nhd tdi trp cho Vi^t Chau A (2010), Dieu tra qudc gia ve vi thdnh Nam(CG),HkNQi nien vd nien Vipt Nam Idn thu 2, Ha Npi Chinh phii Viet Nam (2013), Bdo cdo 16 Tdng cue Thong ke (2010), Im lgng la cua Ckink phu vi tinh hinh kinh te - xa hpi nam ckel: Ket qud nghien cihi qudc gia ve bgo lyv 2013, ket qud ndm thiec hi?n ki hogch ndm gia dmh ddi vdi phy nit tgi Vi$tNam, Ha Npi (2011 - 2015) vd nhipm vu 2014 - 2015 (do Thu 17 Tong cue Thong ke (2012), Dieu tra tudng Chinh phu Nguyen Tdn Ddng trink bdy Bien dpng ddn so vd ke hogch hda gia dinh thai lgi pkien kkai mgc ky hpp thit Qudc kpi kkda diem thdng ndm 2012, Cdc ket qud chu yeu, XIII ngdy 21 thdng 10 nam 2013), Hd Nfi Nxb Thing ke, Ha Nfi Qudc hpi nudc Cfng hda xa hpi chu nghTa 18 Tdng cyc Thong ke (2013), Bdo cdo Vift Nam (2006), Lugt Binh ddng gidi, Hd Npi Dieu tra Lao dpng vi^c ldm ndm 2012, Nxb Ddng Cpng san Vift Nam (2001), Vdn Thdng ke Ha Npi ki?n Dgi hpi dgi bieu todn qudc Idn thd- IX, Nxb 19 Vifn Nghien cGu Gia dinh va Gidi Chinh Gj quic gia Ha Npi (2010), Bdo cdo tdng quan chuang trinh "Nhitng Ddng Cfng sdn Vift Nam (2006), Vdn vdn di ca bdn vi gia dinh vd gidi d Vi^t Nam ki^n Dgi hpi dgi bieu loan quoc Idn ihuX, Nxb giai dogn 2011 - 2020", Hd Npi Chinh trj quoc gia, Ha Npi 20 Vy Nghien cdu Gia dinh vd Vifn Nghien Ddng Cpng san Vift Nam (2011), Vdn cuu Gia dinh vd Gidi (2012), Bdo cdo diiu tra ki^n Dgi hpi dgi bieu todn quoc Idn thu XI, Nxb th{tc trgng bgo luc gia dinh, di xudt gidi phdp Chtnh Gi quoc gia Ha Npi cd tinh dot phd nhdm gidm thieu bgo luc gia Nata Duwuiy, Nguyen Huu Minh, PaGicia dinh ndm 2012 vd giai dogn 2012 - 2016 Carney (2012), Bdo cdo hodn lki?n vi udc tink Ha Npi 59 ... thang nam 2012, Thu hidng Chinh phCiraquyet dinh sd 629/QD-TTg vS vi^c pha duy^t ChiSn luijic Phat triln gia dinh Vijt Nam din nam 2020, tiim nhin 2 030, dd nhan manh xay dung gia dinh Vi$t Nam. .. muc, chdu thao hiln", "thap sang tmh yeu thuong ttong moi gia dinh", "vi mgt mai am gia dmh khdng ci bao luc" v.v Gia dink Vipt Nam sau 30 ndm ddi md NhGng no Iyc neu Gdn cua cip Gy, chinh quyen,... phy thupc vdo gia dinh va chau md khdng cd mot su lua chpn ndo khdc cac djch vy xa hgi chdm sdc ngudi cao tudi cdn non ydu nhu hifn Gia dinh Vi$l Nam sau 30 ndm ddi mdi Trong dd, gia dinh van