TAC DONG CUA QUAN HE GI6I DEN PHAT TRIEN NGHE NGHIEP CUA CAN BO CONG CHLfC TAI THANH PHO HO CHI MINH THAN THI NGOC PHUC Tom tdt: Bdi viet /that thdc khia canh thuc hiin binh ddng gldi mdi quan hi giUa va vd chdng gia dinh edn bg cong chd'c tgi Thdnh Ho Chi Minh Bdng thdi, xem xet tdc dong cua moi quan hi ndy den sd lihdc biit ve phdt trii'n nghe' nghiep cua nam od nQ cdn bo tren dia bdn Thdnh phdHd Chi Mlnh hiin Tithhoa: Bmh ddng gidi; cdn bp Cong chiic; nghi nghiep; Thdnh phoHd Chi Minh Abstract: The article explores the aspects of gender equality implementation in the relationship between husband and wife in the family afcwil servants in Ho Chi Mtnh City Simultaniously, It also considers the Impact of this relationship to the difference m career development of male and female cadres in Ho Chi Mlnh City today Keywords: Gender equality; civil servant; job; Ho Chi Mlnh City Ngay nhdn bdi: 15/10/2015; Ngdy duyet ddng bdi: 07/12/2015 Dat van de Thanh H i Chi Minh (Tp HCM) la mpt nhiing thi Men dai nha't eua ca nfldc, ndi dang dien qua trinh cing nghiep hoa hien dai h i a manh me, tao nhQng buic chuyen bien tren mpi linh vtfc cua dfli sing xa hpi, d i ci quan he giii NhQng nam qua, da dae biet quan tam din cing tae can bp nfl; ding thii eoi d i nhu la mot giai phdp tao da cho tien trtnh thue day binh d i n g giii (BDG) Cu the, da ban hanh nhilu van ban nhu: Quylt dinh 4249/QD-UBND 07/9/2011 cua uy ban nhan dan Tp HCM ve Ban hdnh Chuang trinh thiic Men Chiin luge qudc gia ve binh ddng gidi giai dogn 2011 - 2020; Quylt dinh 2603/QDUBND 16 thing nam 2010 v l "Trien khai thile Men Nghi quyet 57/NQCP cia Chinh p h i " vl Ban hdnh Chuong trinh hdnh ddng cia Chinh phit gtai doan den ndm 2020 thuc hien nghi quydt sd 11NQ/TW ngdy 27/4/2007 cua Eg chinh O NHiN LUC KHOA HOC XiHOl tri Dong thii, da chu trpng phat huy vai tri, tiem nang cua nfl giii svf nghiep cong nghiep hoa Men dai hia; nang cao vi t h i , thflc hien BDG tren mpi linh vflc Dfloc the hien bang cac chi tieu eu the nhu: ve ty le can bp nfl tham gia cap uy dat tfl 30% t r i len, can bp nfl tham gia lanh dao chu chi't dat 100% ddn vi ci ty le nO chilm tfl 30% tri len; nang ty le thuong true cap uy eua quan/huyen len 36%; quan uy, huyen uy ci nfl thfling true ca'p uy tfl 58,3% len tren 83% Cae si, ban, nganh pho'diu ci nfl tham gia ban lanh dao "' Tuy nhien, tren thflc te, ty IS nfl lam lanh djo i cae vi tri chu chi't vSn ein tha'p so vii muc tieu dat Ci nhieu ly khien nfl can bp cing chflc (CBCC) khang ngang bang vii nam CBCC phat trien nghe '* ThS NCS Khoa Xa hoi hoc, Hoc vien Khoa hoc xa hoi Email: ngocphiicthan@yahoo.com '" So tay cong tac Binh ding gidi v& vi sil lien bS cua phu na, Nxb Lao dong, 2013, tr.177-178 * sifiz-zns THAN THI NGQC PHUC nghiep Trong bai vilt nay, tac gia tap ti-ung phan tieh tae dpng cua quan he gidi gifla vp va ching gia dinh den kha nang phat triln n g h i ngMep eua nam va nii_ CBCC tai Tp HCM tfl hai kM'a canh chu yeu sau ddy: Trdeh nhiem chia si gtup th viec nhd: ton trgng, dgng vien, tao dieu kten cho phdt triin nghd nghtep Trong di sff Men khao sat dudc thuc Men tren dli tfldng la CBCC da lap gia dmh, dang lam viee i ca ca'p quan ly(^ap phi, khao sat tai: S i Nii vuSo v a n hoa t h i thao va du lich; Si Lao dpng thuong binh - Xa hpi Mem truyln thong vl vai t r i dUde ky vong cua nguoi phu nfl gia dinh Quan mem lam eho khong it phu nfl phai lUa chpn hoac la gia dmh, hoac la sU ngMep'" Be hodn cd hai vdi trd Id vdn di'nan gtai vii cdn bg nil Niu gap phu nu: thang tten cdng danh thi bdt hanh vi gta dmh vd neu lita chgn gia dinh thi it cd dugc sti thang tied ui chinh tri Vi vay ma hp tfl nhu: Minh Id phu na thi danh phdi chiu thiet thoi, phdi hy sinh Bmh dang gidi da m i r i n g cd hii Ma di gm dinh duac yen d'n"" Va nam gidi eung chpn eho phu nfl, bang chflng la ho eo t h i phai thfla nhan: Be'hodn thdnh cdng viec tham gia vao mpi hoat ding dii sffng i ca quan dugc tht dbi hoi hg (phu nO) chmh tri - xa hpi Nhung ganh nang viee phai nd lucgdp nhieu ldn so vii nam"" nha van dupe cho la cua nfl gidi Neu nam giii tham gia viec nha thi nfl CBCC vin gpi hanh ding nhfl vay la "nhi ching giup 4.2 Tdc ddng cia quan hi ua chdng thi hten tdn trgng, dgng vien, taa diiu cho" y kiln duoc nhilu nam gift ding tinh hten cho la: dQ ed thang tiln cing viec tU vo nghiep phdt triin nghi van phai dap flng vai t r i ngfldi vd, ngflii D l hoan nMlu vai tro, nfl CBCC me nha Viec co quan cM duac xe'p ci t h i CO gang gap dii Tuy nhien, dilu vao vi tri thfl ylu mat cua k h i khan nha't dffi vii hp la phai doi mat ching: Trong nhd em, ug thdng tiin yoi nhflng ap lue tam ly tfl ching khing nhu the ndo CUng duac, khdng cd chuyen cdm can, ung hp Vd phat triln cdng viec cd dy cd sti nghiep thdng tiin thi qua tot Nhung phu na thi phdi qudn dUdc nhd cia, cdi thi gia dinh xuyin mil d a n ' ^ h K h T h o ' ^ - ' '' '"*•• ^^•- " " ^ i I i.an nhan phing va'n khac cung t h i Men ro quan w a n Tan Binh " dilm c i a nam giii: Vg khdng cdn phal bon u:]t'"Thj:^.:;j-^^f'™-'"-»v,a„,s» trgn ven, em mil yen tdm cdng tde dUic Gia dinh quan trgng han'" Hay mpt ' " ' ' " ' '^""^ P"P SO 12-2015 NHiN LUC KHOA HOC XAHOI (JJ TAC D Q N G C U A Q U A N HE GI61 Bdng Nhdn dinh cua CBCC ve thdi cua ud/ chdng dnh hadng den cdng uiec Giii tinh Nam NQ S I lUflng "% Si' Ifldng 20 Tii thfling bi vfl/chong Khdng dong y kM lam viec vii ngfldi khac giii Khong y kie'n 12,3 50 31,7 135 83,3 105 66,5 4,3 1,9 Vp/ 20 12,3 30 19,0 135 83,3 123 77,8 Dingy eheng tii thfling tap D i n g y nhflng eang t h i n g d l can tMep Khong dong y Khdng y kiln viec cua tii Dingy Toi luin bi ap dat thuc Men cac Khong dong y Khing y kiln | % 4,3 3,2 25 15,5 23 20,9 131 80,9 122 77,2 3,7 1,9 (Ngudn: sdlieu tdng hop tH cugc khdo sdt cia tdc gid, 2014) Uy t h i h i n nhan gifla vd va cd dy luta chgn: cdng viec ud gia dinh cdi ching t h i hien ro net qua mfle dp anh ndo quan trgng hOn thi chon mdt Bin hfling eua mong muffn, thai dp nguii da han thdng rdi md co dy v&n chUa da Ien hanh vi/ hanh ding eua nguii dgng gi, v&n di ta sdng sdm din 7-8 gid Trong mil tUflng quan nay, gay ap lUe td'i, tdi rat ndn ud dang tiin hdnh thu tuc eho ngUdi khac, bupc hp phai tuan theo ly Adit"' Thai dff va quan niem eua nfl nhflng mong muffn cua ban than thi nguii CBCC khac nam i dieu Phu nfl mpng CO uy the eao hdn Kit qua khao sat cho muffn va s i n sang tao dilu kien eho ching thay, gia dinh CBCC la kha binh ding cdng viic Ho eoi sfl'nghicp cua moi quan he gifla vd va ching Tuy ehing la quan trong, sU nghiep eua ban nMen, nam CBCC it chiu ap lUc hdn tQ vd than la cai thfl ylu: Minh Id phu na md eua minh so vdi nfl bi ap lUc tfl ching cong uiec eung mdt phdn thdi, cdi chinh la (nghen tuong, gay kho khan, can t r i phai cham lo cho gia dinh, cdi Taa eong vipc, ap dat, gay khong cang didu kien chd chdng phan diiu chd sU thang) Vg ldm Sep mdt cdng ty nuic ngodi, di tUsdng de'n tdt, viec nhd ud cham sdc gdn nhu tdi ddm trdch Tdi dn rh., • Q NHiN LKC KHOA HOC XiHOl oi U.U cno "" ''''*° '"•" "l*""- " » " • ''2 ' » * , ilai hoc, cfing tic van phong Quan S(l2-2nS THAN THI NGOC PHUC •Vhtep"': Hay: Phu nu cUng vUa phai nQ CBCC cae vi tri lanh dao so vffi that, de chdng phdn ddu Bdn dng cdn su nam, chung toi khao sat v l mflc d i ding nghtep, ugphdi bm hi stnh di tdp trung tinh cua nam va nfl CBCC v l nhan dinh cho chdng"" Day cung cMnh la ly giii nhQng bat binh ddng giffi q u t o he tMeh cho ty le hai ling vii cong viec efla safla vp va ching ci i n h huing din phat nu eao hfln nam mac du hp thang tiln tnen n g h i ngMep eua mil giffi khing tha'p hcJn nam (Bang 9) D i ci su chenh lech nha't dinh Nhilu nam CBCC s i n long chia se ve mflc dp ding y, nhflng ea nam va nfl nhung k h i khan vii vfl, hp vui muhg vii CBCC diu ding y v l cac n h t o dinh su thang tiln cua vfl Nhflng ben eanh dd vffi ty le cao cung cin nMeu nam giffi k h i n g gia'u dUfle S Ket l u a n v a d l xua't m o t so g i i i nhflng lo ltog: Vg dugc thdng tiin tht vui p h a p chu, nhung buac Ibng ddm nhdn chOc 5.1 Kit ludn vu, vg se cd it thdi gian cho gia dinh, cbn Mpt thtlc te Men nay, su dat eua cat nua md tdi hay gap phu nii thdng tidn nam va nfl CBCC su ngMep co ra't han chdng thi hay coi thuing ehdng, hode nMeu dilu Men khac nhung m i t nguat chdng ttiti, cude so'ng gia dinh vi the dieu kien khing t h i tMlu la su flng h i tfl md xung dot'^^K Vfl/ ehing cua hp Cach thQc cMa se cing Sfl khong ding tinh, cam t h i n g cua "ee, su h i trfl ding vien gifla vd va ching chong dffi vffi cffng viec cua vd cung la m i t gia dinh CBCC eho tha'y nam giffi ly kMin ianh dao k h i n g giao nMem vu dflfle flu tien eho phat triln n g h i ngMep quan cho CBCC nfl Phu nfl Iai gap ndn nu: khan hdn t h i Men nang luc Nhflng khuin m i u v l vai tro giffi v i n cong viec: Do tinh chdt die thu cua tiSp tue ci i n h hfling, no t h i Men true ca quan nen ty le chi em phu na thdp, chi tiep qua thai dp yeu elu cua ea hai giffi vl em ca quan chti ye'u ldm cdng tdc viec t u t o t h i nhflng chuin mUe Phu nQ fin phong: van thu, thu ky, ll tdn Ndu Vfli yeu ciu: d u e d d i iam ngoai xa hii, CO dtia ue cdc phbng chuyen mdn thi nhiiu thu nhap ngang bang vffi nam giffi tM bin chi em se khdng hodn thdnh duac cdng phan eua hp phii thflc Men la quan vtec vt hg khdng thi di sim ui mudn khdng the'di xa cdn diiu ddng khdng xuyen, cham Io cho gia dinh Ganh nang the tap trung vii cdng viec nhiiu dp luc vai t r i kep, tam t h i d l ha, ling da han VUdng ban chdng chdng phdn ndn, the nen Idnh dgo cd quan ludn tao dieu kien cho cht em, giao nhung nhiem Tan Phn ^ ™'' "">"!: tm, quan VU phii hap'^'^ Nhfl vay, d l ly giii v l su tMeu hut eua S:;t^aS:,S:ri.s,'?r"^°^^"'' an S a X ' h " " ™ ' ""-" " *"'' *''"5 '"ã8 ôg S012-2115 NHiN LUC KHOA HOC XiH6l gl TAC DONG CIJA QUAN HE GI6I ehe phu nfl v l thdi gian, sflc life, ding Iflc tap trung cho cing viec Trong kM nam glii vdi vai tro la tru cot gia dinh, ap lUc xa hil vl sfl cing sfl ngMep dflpc nha'n manh Nam giii luin nhan dupe sU ilng h i tfl vp, dudc Uu tien miln trQ eae nMem vu khae gia dinh de tap trung cho sU nghiep nhu la m i t le tfl nMen chfl khong phii la dilu nguoc Iai Nhflng kit qui khio s i t dflpe chflng tii trinh bay i tren da gip phan khang dinh gia thuyet rang dinh kie'n gidi vin tiep tuc ton tai quan he xa h i i va dii sffng gia dinh Viet Nam Khuin m i u giii v i n tilp tue dUdc tri eho du d i la mii trfling xa hil nang ding nhfl Tp HCM va Ioai hinh gia dinh ci mfle dp BDG eac nhu gia dinh CBCC? 5.2 Mdt sdgidi phdp Tha nhd't, de giii quylt tfft mau thuin, xung dot gifla cae vai tro eua ngUfli phu nfl la dieu khong dl dang Stf ung hp tfl nguii chong la rat quan trpng nlu phu nQ muln ei ca gia dinh va stf nghiep Dilu he lp mpt va'n dl trang viee thflc Men nang eao nang lflc lanh dao quin Iy cho can b i nfl Ngpii nhflng bien phip thfle day ve nang Mc, ky nSng Itoh dac quan Iy, sfl quan tam cua cap uy dang vl cing tae can bp thi cin can phai quan tam den khia canh gia dinh CBCC c i v l viec thflc Men BDG gia dinh i cae cd'p quan Iy tai Tp HCM n h i m giam thieu tinh trang ba't binh d t o g giffi gia dinh, nang cao nhan thflc va trach nMem cho dpi ngu CBCC guOng m i u thflc Men BDG gia dinh Tha tu, diia npi dung thfle Men BDG gia dinh Iam m i t eae tieu eM ddnh gia CBCC hang nam TAX LIEU THAM KHAO Luat H i n n h t o va gia dinh (2008), Nxb Giao thong v t o tai Le Ngpc v a n (Chu bien, 2006), Nghien cOu gia dinh - Ly thuyet na quyin, quan diim giM, Ha Npi, Nxb Khpa hpc xa hai Nguyin Thu Linh (2005), Khde biet giii trin diidng chac nghiip cda cdng chac cdc ca quan hdnh chinh nhd nUdc d Viet Nam Men Ha Nii, Nxb Van hia Thing tin Nguyin Dflc Hat (2007), Ndng cao ndng liic lanh dgo cia cdn bd na hi thd'ng chinh tri, Hk Npi, Nxb Chinh tri qui'c gia Tony Bilton, Kenvin Bennett, Phihp Jones, Michelle Stanworth, Ken Sheard va Andrew Webster (1993), Nhap Xa hpi hpe Ha Npi, Nxb Khoa hpc xa hpi Uy Ban nhan dan Thtoh p h i Ha Chi Minh, S i Lao dpng, ThUdng binh - xa hpi Thi hai, can phai Iam to't cing tac truyln thong, dac biet la huing din dffi (2013), Sd tdy cdng tdc binh ddng gidi vd tien bg cia phu na, Nxb Lao ding tupng truyln thffng la nam giii vdi cae npi V P T M Mai (2011), "Mii quan hp dung nang cap nhan thflc vl quyln va gifla hanh phuc gia dinh va cing danh sU nghia vu thuc hien BDG gia dinh Thi ba, thilt lap nhflng kenh quan ly [g NHiN LUC KHOA HOC XAHOI nghiep doi vdi can h i nii", Tgp chi Nghien citu Gia dinh vd Gidi, so'2 Sltl2-2I1S ... triln ngoai xa hii De giai quylt tot mffi quan he nay, ngUdi Cap quanAuyen, khao sat tai : Quan phu nu khing cM vupt qua nhflng k h i Quan 9, Quan 10, Quan 11, Go va'p Tan khan, can trd tfl phia... vai tro la can bp lanh dao quan ly quan/ huyen CO quan gap nhilu kho khan Udi Muc tieu eua cupc k h i o sat thu thap tuan he giUa gia dinh vd cdng danh su thong tm lien quan den nhan thfle, thai... sfl'nghicp cua moi quan he gifla vd va ching Tuy ehing la quan trong, sU nghiep eua ban nMen, nam CBCC it chiu ap lUc hdn tQ vd than la cai thfl ylu: Minh Id phu na md eua minh so vdi nfl bi