Thu-c Men cong bang phan phoi tir lieu san xuStffViet Nam Bui Thi Phinmg Thuy' Tom tat: Cong Mng phan ph6i tu lieu san xnit la mot hinh thiic biju hien cu the cua cong bang xa hoi ve Icinh te Trong thai ky iii moi, Dang va Nha ntroc Viet Nam luon quan tam thiic hien cong bang phan ph6i tn lieu san xuit Tuy nhicn tren thuc tc phan phoi tu lieu san xuit v3n nhik bit cong Nha nuoc chua tao duoc day du moi traong blnh dang giiia cac chii thi kinh ti, vln phan biet d6i xu g,ua_ khu vuc kinh le nha nuoc vdi khu vuc kinh ti tu nhSn Khu vuc kinh ti nha nuoe van duoc hirong nhieu dac quyin, dac lm, uu dS so voi khu vuc kinh ti tu nhan tiep can nguon luc ciia Nha nuoc Sir diu tu cua Nbi, mroc vin trim lan kem hieu qua Nguyen nhan ehu yeu cua tinh trang li, co chi phan ph6i cu Cblnh quan xm - cho) van ton tai; bo miiy quan ly kem hieu qua; phap luat nhiiu bit cap Tir khoa: Cong bing xa hoi; tu lieu san xuit; ngu6n lire, phan ph6i; diu lir Mff dau Phan phdi la mpt khau cila qua trinh san xuSt (san xuat - phan ph6i - trao ddi - tieu dung); la mot mat quan trpng ciia quan he san xuit; co anh hucmg tnrc tiep dcn hicu qua ctia tai san xuit Thuc hien cong bing Irong phan ph6i la dong Iuc cho sir phat triin dit nutjc Phan phdi bao g6m viec phan phoi cac yeu ttr diu vao ctia san xuit (lu lifu san xuit) va san phim dau (tu li?u tieu diing) Khi noi den thtrc hien cong bang xa hpi trpng phan phoi, thi cin noi din ca cpng bang phan phai tu lieu tieu dimg va cong bing phan ph6i tu lieu san xuat Chii the phan phai tu lieu san xuit noi p (lay la Nha nuoc Phan phit tu lieu san I xuat la boat ddng ciia Nha nudc vife phan bd, dau tu ngudn luc (vat lire va nhan iuc) chp cac dia phuong, don vi va ngoai l ^ a nudc di tiin hanh san xuil Phan phtii tu lieu san xuit cin phai cdne P o, wiig bang Vay d nuoc ta cong bSng xa hpi trpng phan phoi tu li?u san xuit da dupc thuc hicn nhu the nao? Bai viet phan tich tmi va ban che ciia vife thuc hien ceng bang phan phoi tu lieu san xuat o Vict Nam hien va nguyen nhan cua nhung ban chi Thuc hifn cong bing phan phoi tir lifu san xuat thffi Ity tnr*c doi moi Trong thoi ky trutic dBi mpi, voi quan diem cho ring chi dp tu hiiu la nguSn goe ciia su bdc lat, ciia tinh trang bat cong va bat binh dang xa hoi Dang va Nha nudc ta chli tnrong xda bd che tu hiiu, thuc hien mdt nen kinh ti tap tnmg Liic sp hilu ve tu lieu san xuit cp hai hinh thiic co ban lii sd hiru toan dan va sd hiiu tap the Tu lieu san xuit cita xa hdi dupc tap tning chit ''' Thac si, Vifn Tn6t hoc Hoc vien Chinl, iri qufic ^"'"".ChiMinh.DT 0986308664 Ema,l ' ,liuybu]vienlnet@gma,l.com Tap chi Khoa hoc xa hoi Viet Nam, so 7(104) - 2016 yeu cho hai khu vuc kinh te nha nuac va kmh te tap the Tu lieu san xuat duoc phan phoi thuang mang ti'nh hien vat (nguon vat m may moc, ca sa vat chat) Chang han, khu vuc kinh te lap the, mgi tu lieu san xuit (tu cai cay, cai bua, trau den rugng dit) d6u la tai san ciia tap the Tuy nhien, toan bg tai san tren thuc te da tro vo chii Quy mo ciia hgp tac xa cang lan, thl tfnh vo chii doi vai tu lieu san xuat cang cao Tmh trang ciing dien tucmg tu doi vai Ioai hlnh kinh te quoc doanh Nha nuoc giao vat tu, may moc cho dia phuang va dan vi nhung khong co rang buoc trach nhiem cu the ve Igi i'ch vat chat doi vai vi?c sii dung tu Ii?u san xuat (tien von, vat tu, miiy moc ) Day chfnh la mgt nhiing nguyen nhan gay linh trang Iang phi, tham Tu do, vi?c sii dyng lu li?u san xuat kem hi?u qua nhieu nguon Iyc khong dugc khai thac, nhifiu ti6m nang khong dugc phat huy, "cac xf nghiep ndi chung chi su dung dugc khoang mgt nua cong suat thiel ke", "tki nguyen ciia ddt chua dugc khai lhac lot, lai bi sii dung lang phi, nhat la dat nong nghi?p vk tai nguyen rimg" [1 6(1987), tr.17] Han nua, voi mong muon sam x6a bo khoang each giau ngheo giira cac vung mien (nong thon th^nh thj, dong b5ng - mien mii) nha nuac da dau tu din trai co tfnh binh quan cho cac dia phuang vk dan vi dieu ki?n ciia cdc dia phuang va dcm vi lai kh5c Dieu nky khifin cho vi?c dSu tu khong hi?u qua, gay Iang phf nguon v6n cua dit nuoc; tir kinh te sa sut dcri s6ng nhan dan cang kho khan Mat khac, hoan canh dat nuac bi chifin tranh tan pha nang nfi, ca sa tang yfiu kem, ngudn v6n phu thugc nhicu vao cac khoan irg giup va di vay Tuy nhien Nha nudc chua "phan ph6i dling cac nguon von, vat tu, hkng hfia tay Cac khoan chi ciia ngan s5ch mang nang tfnh bao cip vk mgt thai gian dai vugt qua ngu6n thu Vi?c su dung c5c nguon vfin vay vk vifin trg kfim hieu qua" [1,6(1987), tr.25] Thanh tun ciia viec thyc hien cSng b^ng phan ph^i tv li£u san xu^t thoi ky doi moi Tli sau doi moi den vdi phuang chim nhin thang vao sir that, Dai hgi Dang lan thii VI quyet dinh chuyfin nfin kinh te tap trung, bao cap, dua tren chfi c6ng hiiu chli yeu ve tu lieu san xuit (dudi hai hinh thlic quoc doanh vk tap thfi) sang nhn kinh te hang hda nhifiu thinh phin vin hknh theo ca che thj trucmg cd sy quan ly ciia nha nudc theo djnh hudng xa hgi chu nghia, a mgi thinh phan kinh te deu binh ding viec tiep c|n tu li?u san xuit ciia Nhk nudc Cic tu ligu sin xuat thugc quyen sd him cua toin din (nhu lii nguyen dal dai, tai sin c6ng, ngu6n vdn, cong ngh?, ngin sich ) Nha nudc dai di?n quin ly vh phan phoi; doi tugng dugc phan phoi li nhihig chli the kinh te - xa hgi (cdc thinh phan kinh te, cac nginh kinh te, cic viing, mien cdc dan vi sin xuit va ngoii Nhi nudc) Nha nudc vdi chiic ning dieu tiet vfi ca bin da phin phoi tu li?u sin xuat mgt each cong bang cac tu Ii?u sin xuat thugc quyen sd hiiu ciia toin dan Vin de vfi cdng bing phan phdi tu lieu san xuat lin diu tien dugc n6u lfin Van kign Hgi nghi dai bifiu loan quoc giiia nhiem ky khda VII: "cong bing xi hgi the hien ca d khau phan phdi hgp l^- tu li?u sin xuat, lin khau phan phdi ket qua sin xuit" [2, tr.47] Dai hgi Dang lin thii DC da Bhi Thj Phucmg Thuy chi can cu de thuc hien phan phoi cdng batig tu Ueu san xuat a nudc ta la sir thdng nhat giua hieu qua kinh te va hieu qua xa hpi: 'T^ha nudc diu tu vdn phat triin tir ngan sach nha nudc can cu vao hieu qua kinh te - xa hpi" [1, 9(2001),-lr.l03] Dai hpi Bang lin thii XI da bd sung, lam ro hon: "Dat dai, tai nguyen, v6n, tii san nha nudc dai dien chu sd hiiu dupc giao cho cac chli the thupc mpi phin kinh te Sli dung thep nguyen tic hieu qua Cac chli the cd quyin va nghia vu nhu trpng viec sii dung cd hieu qua cac ngudn luc ciia nha nupc" [1, 11(2011), tr.207], "cac ngudn luc dupc phan bo thep chiin lupc, quy hoach, ki hoach phat triin kinh ti -x'a hpi" [1, 11(2011), tr.74] Dai hpi Dang lail thii XII da bd sung them mot quan diem hoan toan mdi khjng djnh vai tro ciia thi trupng Irong phan phdi tu li?u san xuat: "thi trudng ddng vai trd chii yiu trpng hiiy dpng va phan bd cd hifu qua cfc ngudn luc phal tricn", "cac ngudn luc nhi nudc dupc phan bd theo chiin lupc, quy hoach, ke hoach phu hpp vpi ca che thj tnidng" [1, 12(2016), lr.26 - 27] Thuc hien phan phdi cong bing tu lieu san xuit co nghia la phan bd tu lieu san xuat chli yeu Nha nudc quan ly cho mpi chti the kinh tc xa hpi dua tren hieu qua Sli dung va miic ddng gpp chp xa hdi Hi?u qua d day dupc hieu la su thdng nhit giua hi?u qua kinh 16 va hi?u qua xa hdi Hi?u qua xa hpi la tit ca nhung ddng gdp phi vat chat cho xa hpi (tap cdng an viec lam, xda ddi, giam nghep, thuc hien an sinh xa hpi, bao ve mdi trapng ) Phan phdi tu li?u san xual dua tren hieu qua kinh ti - xa hpi la cdng bang vi can cii ca vao hieu qua kinh te va hi?u qua xa hpi Dieu dd cd nghia, sii dung tu lieu san xuat cd hieu qua hpn va ddng gdp cho xa hpi nhiiu hon, ngudi se duac phan phdi nhieu tu lieu san xuat hon Cac chti thi cd xuit phat didm bat Ipi hpn thi can phai cd su uu dai Nhung £u uu dai dd cung phai cdng bing giiia cac chli the cimg cd xuit phat diim bit loi nhu Nha nudc phai thuc hien diiu pht5i cac ngudn luc mdt each hpp ly (cdng bing) di nhiing khu virc ft cd diiu kien thuan lpi van cd the cd dupc cp hdi phat tnin, khic phuc va ngan chan nguy ca tut hau tai cac khu vuc dd, dam bao cho mpi khu vuc deu dupc hudng thu nhftng cp hpi cflng nhu qua ciia su phat triin chung Viec phan phdi tu lieu san xuit cdng bSng se lam cho cac chli thi kinh ti phai khdng ngimg nang cap hieu qua sii dung nhirng tu li?u san xuat dupc phiin phdi di vua ddng gdp vao s\r phat trien ciia xa hdi, vtra dupc hudng qua tucmg xiing Viec phan phni tu lieu san xuit cang giam dan tinh blnh quan, cap bing, diiu dp giiip cac chtl thi kinh te cd cp hpi tiep can binh djng hon vpi cac nguon luc di phat triin Tii dd, quy md ciia nen kinh te khdng ngimg dupc mp rdng, ddi sdng nhan dan dupc cai thien Nhin chung thdi ky ddi mdi Dang va Nha nudc da phan phdi tu lieu san xuit cdng bang Diiu dd thi hien tren mdt sd diem sau Tlti nhdt, da phan dinh rd quyen ctia ngudi sp huu, quyin cua ngupi sii dung tu lifu san xuat va quyin quan ly ciia Nha nudc trpng llnh vuc san xuit kinh doanh Thang nam 1987, Hdi nghj Tning upng lan thir da Nghi quyit vi ddi mdi cp che quan ly kinh ti vdi ndi dnng chii yeu la thuc hien chi tu chii kmh doanh cua cac XI nghiep qudc doanh va ddi mdi quan ly Tap chf Khoa hpc xa hoi Viet Nam, so 7(104)-2016 nha nudc vfi kinh te Tir den rit nhifiu van ban, quy dinh cua Nha nudc lien quan den vin de dugc ban hanh de phil hgp vdi tinh hinh thuc tfi ciia dat nudc Theo tinh than cac van ban tren, cac Bg da din giao quyfin tu chii, ty chiu trach nhifim cho cic dan vi sin xual kinh doanh vific quan ly von, tai sin ciia dcm vi Difiu bugc cic dan vi phii cd trich nhiem bao quin su dung tu lieu san xuat dugc giao Trong sin xuit nong nghiep, vdi Luat Dil dai (nam 1993, 2003, 2013) vi cic van bin phap luit co lifin quan, ngudi sii dung dat CO nhieu quyfin: quyen sii dung, quyen chuyen doi, quyen chuyen nhugng, quyen the chap, quyen thira ke, quyen gdp von lien doanh, quyen dugc bdi Ihudng, quyfin cii lao, boi bd dit dai dfi khai thac cd hi?u qui cho cugc song Ve ca bin, ngudi din da cd gin hel quyfin ciia chii sd hiiu Vi?c phan dinh ro cic loai quyen dd nhim lim cho mgi tu li?u san xuat dfiu cd ngudi Iam chli Chii the dugc phin phoi tu lieu sin xual cung ddng thdi dugc giao quyfin ty chli, ty chiu trich nhi?m vi?c sii dyng lu !i?u sin xuat Vi?c gin quyfin sd hiiu vdi quyen sii dyng da gin bd ngudi sin xuit vdi tu li?u sin xuit huge moi ngudi phai suy nghT, tfnh toan, chii dgng sang tao de sii dyng tu li?u sin xuit vdi hi?u qua cao nhit Thu hai, lu li?u sin xuit dugc phin phdi ngiy cing cdng bing giua cic viing, mien, giua cac din tgc, ting ldp nhan dan Sau dat nudc budc vao cdng cugc ddi mdi, nen kinh ifi^iuy cd khdi sic nhung trinh dg phat trifin vin cdn nhifiu han chfi Trong do, ngudn vdn cd han, nfiu diu tu din trai thi se khdng dem lal hi^u qui kinh tfi cung nhu hi?u qui xa hdi Vi vay vific diu tu cin phil cd trgng tam, trgng difim Nha nudc da tip trung cic ngudn luc ciia minh dfi xiy dyng va phat trien cac viing kinh te trgng diem Cac vung trgng diem dd cd tic dung thlic day nen kinh te ca nudc phit trifin, tao ca hgi di len cho cic viang khic Cic vimg kinh te trgng diem phat trifin vdi nhip nhanh di cd ddng gdp dang kfi vio sy ting trudng kinh te chung ciia dat nudc Thuc hifin cdng bang phan phdi tu lieu san xuat li thyc hifin phin phdi ngufin lyc mdt cich hgp ly de cic khu vuc c(5 fl dieu kien thuan lgi cd ca hgi phat trifin tfit han, khac phyc tinh trang tut hau, dim bao mgi khu vuc, mgi ngudi deu dugc hudng thy cac qui ciia sy phat trifin chung Vl thfi, ben canh viec dau tu cd trgng lim, trgng diem Nhi nudc ta ciing dinh ngufin lyc nhit dinh dfi phat trifin cac vung kh^c tren ca sd phit huy the manh ciia tiing viing, nhit li cac viing khd khin, thu h?p khoing cich ve tnnh dg phit trifin giiia ck vilng Vf dy, Nhi nudc chgn dja diem xiy dung nhi may lgc diu tai Dung Quit vl cin cii ca vio higu qua xa hgi (dfi thu h?p khoang each phit trifin ciia cac tinh Trung Trung Bg vdi cac vfing khic, mic dii ve hieu qua kinh te xay dyng nhi miy t^ Dung Quit khong cd hieu qui kinh le cao so vdi xiy dyng nhi miy lai VCng Tiu) Vf du khac, de ho trg cac vting khd khin vuon Ien thu hgp khoing cich vfi tnnh dg phit trifin kinh te giiia cic vilng, Chfnh phii di phe duy?t vi chi dao thyc hign c^c chinh sach, chuang trinh nhu: Quyfit djnh 755/QD-TTg ve vi?c phe duygt Chi'nh sich hd trg dat d dit san xuit, nudc sinh ho?l cho hd ddng bao dan tgc thieu so nghfio vi hg ngheo d xa, thdn ban die bigt khd khin; Quyfil dmh 54/QD-TTg vfi vific Ban hinh Btii Thj Phuong Thily chi'nh sach cho vay vdn phat trien san xuit dpi vpi hd dan tpc thiiu so dac biet ichd khan giai dpan 2012 - 2015; Chupng trinh Hd tro ling dung va chuyin giap tiin bp khpa hpc va cdng nghe phuc vu phat trien kinh te - xa hdi ndng thdn va miin niii; cac md hlnh thudc Chucmg trinh muc tieu qudc gia xay dung ndng thdn • mdi; Chuang trtnh hd trp phat triin san xuit thupc chuang trtnh du an 135; cac cdng trtnh ldn nhu dudng Hd Chf Minh, trieu rirng, cac chuang trtnh thiiy lpi, giap thdng npngthdn Su diiu tiit phan phdi cdng bJng (hop ly) lu lieu san xual nhtrng nam qua da gdp phJn thlic day san xuat, phat triin kinh le, nang cao dtri sdng ciia ngupi dan, dac bi?t viing ndng thdn, miin nui Ket ciu tang dupc nang cip va xay dung mdi, thi trupng hang hpa dupc hinh thay thi dan nen kinh ti tu cung tu cip, cac djch vu xa hdi thiet yeu nhu y te, giao due, nudc sach, V? sinh mdi trudng da duac cai thien Time hien cdng bang phan phdi tu li?u san xuit cdn gdp phin quan trpng vi?c dn dinh xa hdi bpi nd tao su hai hoa lpi ich giira cac chu thi kinh to, cac nhdm xa hpi, tir dd tap dung duac Idng tin ciia cac chti the kinh te vao nha nudc va chi dp, tao dung su dn dinh xa hdi Nhihig han che ciia vi?c thuc hifn cong bing phan phoi tu liju san xuat d- Vift Nam hifn ^ Trong cac Van kifn ciia Dang thdi ky ddi mpi gan day deu khjng djnh, cac chu the kinh te cd quyen ngang trpng viec dupc phep tiep can cac ngudn luc phal trien Nhung tren thuc tc, chua cd mdi trudng blnh dang hoan loan giua cac chii the kinh te viec tiep can cac nguon luc, van cdn phan biet ddi titi giiia khu vuc kinh te nha nudc vpi khu vuc kinh ti ni nhan Khu vuc kinh te nha nudc vln duoc huting nhieu dac quyen, dac lai, uu tien, uu dai so vdi cac khu vuc kinh te tu nhan trpng tiep can ngudn luc ciia Nha nupc Doanh nghiep nha nupc dupc cip dat kinh doanh, hoac neu phai thue thi vdi miic gia uu dai (so vdi gia tri thi trupng), sau dd dupc sir dung dat thue de thi chip vay vdn ngan hang, trpng cac doanh nghiep ngoai nha nupc khdng duac hudng uu dai Trong tiep can ngudn vdn tiin te cung dien lupng tu Vdn la mdt nhirng lmh vuc quan trpng hang dau ddi vdi san xuit Trpng nhirng nam qua, Viet Nam da thtrc hien huting uu tien phan phdi nguon luc cho cac doanh nghiep, nganh, du an sit dung nhicu vdn, dac biel la doanh nghiep nha nudc Cac doanh nghiep nha nudc dupc uu^ tien tiep can tfn dung va ngpai tf khan hiem vpi gia thip hon gia thj trudng Nam 2014, Chfnh phu ban hanh 20 van ban cho phep ngan hang dupc cung cap tfn dung vugt gidl han cho cac doanh nghiep nha nudc nhu Tap doan Diu khf Tap doan Than - Khoang san Tap doan Difn lire, Vietnam Airiines Ben canh dd, doanh nghiep nha nudc cd gidi han ngan sach mem, nghia la Nha nupc cira trp cac doanh nghiep nha nudc cac doanh nghiep nha nudc gap khd khan vi tai chinh Vdi nhirng uu dai nhu vay, doanh nghiep nha nudc mjc dil hoat ddng kem hicu qua vln cd Ipi the hon han va cd thi lan at doanh nghiep tu nhan, tham chi dii doanh nghiep nha nudc hoat ddng kem hieu qua nhung luong cua ngudi quan ly vin rit cao Ngudn luc ma Nha nudc sti dung di uu dai la tai san Tap chf Khoa hoc xa hgi Viel Nam s6 7( 104) - 2016 chung ciia toan din Vific Nhi nudc uu dai cic doanh nghiep nha nudc gap khd khan ma khdng uu dai cho cic doanh nghiep tu nhan tuong tu gap khd khin la viec lim khdng cong bang Sy dau tu ciia Nha nudc vin cdn trin lan, kem hifiu qui Trong bdi cinh ngudn von cd han, vific phan bd vi sii dyng vdn diu tu ciia qudc gia mgt cich hifiu qui li yeu cau sdng cdn quan Iy kinh te tai Viet Nam hifin Tren thuc tfi, vific phin bd ngudn luc van cdn trin lan; tii dd hieu qui ciia su diu tu thap Cd thfi lay vf du ITnh vuc diu tu cdng Hien nay, cic dja phucmg dfiu thi xiy dyng co sa ting ma khdng cin cii vao tinh tinh thyc le, nhu cau ciia dja phuang Sy dau tu din trai dan dfin cho, mgl cue vdn bi che rat nhd, khdng dy in nio hoan thinh mgt cich cd chat lugng Cd nhung dy an cin thifit nhung thieu vdn nfin cham tifin hoac thyc hign giiia chimg phai dimg, dd, cd nhiing dy in cd the dii vdn, nhung xay xong khdng biet de dung cho Rit nhifiu dy in vfi xay bao ling, tugng dai, try sd nhung lai khdng xuat phit tir nhu cau phat trifin thiel thyc Hay ITnh vyc khoa hgc cdng ngh?, c6 nhieu dan vj dugc Nha nudc cip kinh phf nghien ciiu nhiing dfi tai tuang tu song dgc lap khong cd sy lien kfit vdi Tir dd tao nhiing kfit qua tuang ddi gidng nhung khdng iing dung dugc hoic nira vdi vi ngudn ngin sach han chfi Cic doanh nghifip nha nudc dugc uu dai vfi ngudn luc nhung hifiu qui diu tu cdn chua tuang xiing Trong giai doan 2006 - 2010 doanh nghifip nha nudc chiem 44,7% tdng von dau tu nhung chi tao 27,8% GDP, doanh nghifip din doanh 27,5% tdng vdri dau tu nhung tao 41,6% GDP Chat lugng tang trudng kinh tfi d cic doanh nghiep nha nudc thap chu yeu tang tmdng theo chieu rgng, dua vao yfiu td vdn Ii chii yfiu, khdng tao dugc nhieu vific Iim moi Trong giai doan 2006 - 2010 doanh nghiap nhi nudc gan nhu khdng tao vific lam mdi, doanh nghiep dan doanh tao 84,8% viec lim mdi Mgt difim ding lim y d day la, gin 50% ddng gdp vao GDP ciia khu vyc niy li tu khai thac tii nguyen qudc gia (dau khi, than, khoang sin ) [8, tr.l35] Theo De in 'Tii ca cau doanh nghigp nhS nudc" ciia Bd Tai chfnh nam 2012, miic lo bmh quan cua mgt doanh nghigp nhi nudc cao gap 12 lan so vdi doanh nghigp ngoii nhi nudc; vi cd den 30/85 tap doin vi tfing cdng ly cd ty le ng phai tra tren vdn chii so hiiu cao hon lan, die bigt cd tap doin, tdng cdng ty cd ty lg niy tren 10 lin Sau nam thyc hign De an 'Tii ca ciu doanh nghigp, trgng tam li tap doin, tdng cdng ty nhi nudc giai doan 2011 - 2015" dugc Thii tudng chfnh phii ky ban hanh ngiy 17 thing nam 2012, tfnh dfin ngiy 25/12/2015 ca nudc cd phin hda dat 93% kfi hoach Tuy nhien, tai ca cau chua lam thay ddi quy md, pham vi cua doanh nghigp nha nudc nfin kinh te ciing nhu phan bd lai nguon lyc giira doanh nghigp nha nudc vdi doanh nghiep khic Cic doanh nghigp van Iifin Hic bio lo hoic lai rit ft Tfnh dfin hfit nim tii chinh 2014 Bg Tii chi'nh cho bifil, nhifiu dan vi nhiing nim trudc diy lo rit nhifiu, thi nhd hoat dgng tai ca ciu, nim 2014 da hoat dgng cd higu qua v i bu dip dugc l3 liiy ke ciia cic nim trudc Mic dii vay, d lien lai ciia mgt vai doanh nghigp qui nhd nhoi so vdi sd lo cua cac doanh nghi?p Btii Thi Phuong Thiiy nam 2014 Cu thi, chi Unh rieng Id nd tang trudng p diim nap dd di tao lan phat sinh ciia 10 tap doan, tdng cdng ty tda Ket qua, hieu qua tdng thi lan hieu qua nam 2014 da la 4.901 ty ddng; cpn Id dtr an cu thi deu thip liiy ke ctia 19 tap dpan, tdng cdng ty tfnh Thi hai, bg mdy qudn ly kem hieu qud; den dau nam 2015 Icn tdi cpn sd 24.451 ty ddng Trpng dp, tdng sd np phai tra ciia phdp lugt cdn nhieu bat cdp Nha nudc vdi cac tap doan, tdng cdng ty da len tdi tu each la dai dien ctia xa hdi can phai phan 1.567.000 ti ddng, tang 8% so vdi nam phdi cac ngudn luc mot each cdng bjng 2013 Viec phan phdi ngudn luc cua Nha Trotig thdi gian qua Dang ta cp nhieu nghj nutic mpt each hieu qua la hit siic can thiit quydt ve cai each hanh chi'nh, nang cao hieu Khdi kinh ti tu nhan vi khdi kinh te nha luc, hieu qua quan ly cua Nha nudc Song, nudc phai dupc tiip can cdng bJng ngudn nang luc quan ly diiu hanh ciia Nhi nupc chua ngang tam vtH ddi hdi ciia thpi ky lire dp thep tidu chf hieu qua mdi Dieu niy dan den hau qua li: cdng tac Nguyen nhan ciia han che lap quy hoach, xay dung ki hpach phiit Cd nhieu nguyen nhan dan din han chi trien chua tdt, khdng phii hpp thuc tien vi ciia vifc thuc hifn cdng bJng phan thieu tim nhin; chua cp nhiing chi tieu rp phdi tu lieu san xuit it Viet Nam hien nay, ring cu thi di xac dinh thii tu uu tien cho phin bd ngudn luc diu tu nhi nudc Trpng dd cd hai nguyen nhan chii yiu sau dd t;hit lupng dpi ngil cdng chiic chua Thi nhdt, ca chi phdn phdi cu (binh ngang tam vpi yeu ciu ciia thdi dai: kien qudn, xin - cha) vdn ldn tgi Chiing ta thlic va nang luc quan ly ve CiSc mat Iuat tien hJnh ddi mdi dupc 30 nam song din phap, hinh chi'nh cung nhu ky nang hinh chiing ta van chju anh hudng khdng chfnh ctia cdng chiic nhin chung cdn kem nhd ctia cp chi cii di lai Viec phan phdi tu Dieu dang lo ngai hpn niia chi'nh li su suy lifU san xuil cho cdc dja phuang vln mang thpai vc dao diic ciia mpt bp phan khdng I't tt'nh binh quan, dua thea cac tieu chf vi dan cdng chtic Khdng ft cdng chiic lpi dung sp, trtnh dp ph^t triin, dipn tfch tu nhicn, sd chirc quyin trpng qua trinh phan bd nguon dan vj hinh chfnh Co chi phan phdi xin - luc vdi muc dfch v(i lpi Vifc xay dung vi cho khdng theo hifu qua dua tren nhiing ban hinh mpt sd van ban phap luat (quy nhu cau phit triin khach quan Ngudi xin djnh, che dp, chi'nh sich) lien qnan den iv Sn thl c6 gjng xin dupc bao nhieu tdt phan phdi tu lifu san xuit vira cham, vira bay nhieu; cdn ngudi chp thi khdng can cii thieu ddng bd vdi chit luang chua cap Quy vip nhu ciu phat trien thuc su ciia dja trtnh xay dung phap luat thieu tfnh dan phupng, ma thep quan hp tlnh cam ca chli, minh bach; each phan cdng va thuc nhan chii quan Tren thuc ti cd vd sd du an hien quy trtnh soan thao de din den tinh dupc cip vdn theo kiiu phan chia ddng deu trang bao ve Ipi feh cue bp ciia nginh, dja de khdi mit long Trong dang lc phuong, chua that su vi lpi feh chung Chua ngudn von iy cin tap trang diu tu di xii ly cd quy dinh rd vi cac lieu chf vi each danh nhihig nut thJt tSng truting, hay tap bimg gia hieu qua diu tu vi tac ddng ciia dir an 49 Tap chi Khoa hpc xa hdi Viet Nam s6 7( 104) - 20 i diu tu Chua cd van ban phap luit huu hifiu bang, van minh thi can thyc hign cdng bins dfi ngin chin, kiem soit va diy lili tinh phan phdi ca tu lieu tieu diing vi tir trang diu tu tiiy tifin, dan trai, khdng hifiu lieu sin xuat qui, ling phi, thit thoit Cdng tic kiem tra va giam sit nhieu han chfi Sy phdi hgp cua cic ca quan chiic ning tra vi kiem loin cdn ldng lfio, thieu ddng bd Tai lieu tham khao Cdng tic xu ly hay cudng che sai pham, [1] Dang Cgng san Viet Nam, Vdn kifn Diji truy Cliu trich nhiem cdng vu chua thuc su hpi dgi bieu loan guoc lan thii VI(I9B7), kip thdi vi dling phap Iuat Diy chfnh la IX(200I), XI(201I), Xn(20!6) , Nxb Sir nguyen nhan gia lang tinh trang tham that Ha Noi nhung, lang phf Chfnh sich lot nhung td chiic thyc hifin kem cung se vi pham [2] Dang Cgng san Viet Nam (1994), VSn kien Dai hoi dgi bieu lodn guoc giOa nguyen tic cdng bang xi hdi Nguyen tic nhiem ky khod VII, Nxb Chfnh In quoc phan phdi mi Dang la nfiu difiu gia Ha Noi kifin nudc ta hign dugc danh gia li cdng bing vi hgp ly nhung nguyen tic [3] Nguyen Minh Hoin (2009), Cong bdngxa chua dugc thyc hign tdt thyc lfi Tuy hoi irong lien bg xd hgi, Nxb Chfnh trj li phan phdi theo higu qui kinh te - xa hdi, qudc gia Hi Ngi nhung thyc lfi cd nai chi chii y dfin higu qua [4] Nguyen Van Dgng (2014), "Sy phit triln kinh te ma qufin di cic hifiu qua xa hdi, cd nhan thuc cua Dang ve phit trifin ben noi Iai chi chu y dfin higu qua xi hgi vung", Tap chi Ly lugn chi'nh Iri, so 1, khdng quan tam thda ding dfin hifiu qui [5] Tran Thi Hing (2009), Cong bdng xd hpi kinh lfi phdn phdi a nudc ta hten nay, Lujn Ket luan van thac sT Trifit hgc, Tmtmg Dai hgc Khoa hoc xa hpi vi Nhan vin - D?i hpc ^ Phin phdi tu lieu san xuit cua Nhi nudc Qudc gia Ha Ndi can bao dim cdng bing giiia cac chii thfi kinh tc Mac du Ding vi Nhi nudc ta di [6] Le Quoc Ly (2014), Thdnh cong vd nhiing bai hoc ddi gid ciia doanh nghiap nhii dua nhifiu chii truang, chi'nh sich dim bio thyc hign cong bing xa hdi phan nuoc, Nxb Chinh tri qudc gia, Hi Npi phdi tu ligu sin xuit, nhung nhifiu [7] Nguyen Trgng Phuc (2014), "Luc lugng san nguyen nhan chu quan va khich quan nfin xuat va quan hg sin xuit nhin tii qui trinh vi^gc phan phdi tu lieu sin xuit tren thuc tfi cdng nghigp hda, hign dai hda dit nudc", van chua that sy cong bing Difiu dan Tap chf L-y lugn chinh tri, sfi dfin chd vice Sli dyng cic ngudn Iuc ciia [11] Vu Thanh San (2014), Phdn phoi binh Nha nudc chua cd higu qua nhu mong ddng cdc nguon luc kinh te: Tiep cgn ly mudn Dfi thyc hign muc tifiu xiy dung mdt ludn vd thu iien a mot s6 qudc gia, Nxb xi hgi dan giau, nudc manh, dan chii, cong Chfnh tri qudc gia - Sy that, Hi Ngi 50 ... khdng duac hudng uu dai Trong tiep can ngudn vdn tiin te cung dien lupng tu Vdn la mdt nhirng lmh vuc quan trpng hang dau ddi vdi san xuit Trpng nhirng nam qua, Viet Nam da thtrc hien huting... dinh xa hdi Nhihig han che ciia vi?c thuc hifn cong bing phan phoi tu liju san xuat d- Vift Nam hifn ^ Trong cac Van kifn ciia Dang thdi ky ddi mpi gan day deu khjng djnh, cac chu the kinh te cd... cic dan vi phii cd trich nhiem bao quin su dung tu lieu san xuat dugc giao Trong sin xuit nong nghiep, vdi Luat Dil dai (nam 1993, 2003, 2013) vi cic van bin phap luit co lifin quan, ngudi sii dung