Vấn đề phát triển thị trường dịch vụ công thực trạng và giải pháp, kiến nghị

(^So OS (166)-2017^ TAI CHINH VI MO VAN DE PHAT TRIEN THj TRIfdNG DjCH VU CONG THIJC TRANG VA GIAI PHAP, K I I N NGHj Doan Ngoc Xuan* TCP nam 2007, Viet Nam cam kit gia nhap WTO, 66 c6 cam ket ma ctia thi trwdrng djch v{i Trong so cac loai thj truKmg djch vu, djch vg c6ng gan vdi vai trd cOa Nha nwd'c vi^c dim bio phuc Ign x§ h^i thong qua viec thiet lap cv che, chinh sach, tieu chuan dinh muc kinh te - ky thu$t, cap phdp ho$c cdng nhan du dieu kien ho^t d^ng, kiem tra, giim sit, xu /y vi pham nham tao dieu ki^n cho c^c co* s& cung cap djch vu (gom ca cdng va ngoAi cdng lap); tham gia cung ung djch vg cdng thdng qua ho^t d^ng ctia he thong cac do'n v/ su' nghiep nhi nudv thinh lip; ho tro>, tii Uy cho ho^t d^ng cung ung ho0c cho ngudfi thu hw&ng Vi^c kien nghj cic giii phip dong b^ ti> phia Nhi nudv cung nhu sg- sin sing vio cugc cua cac ben tham gia thj trudng, chac chan thi tru&ng djch vg cdng cua nu&c ta ngiy cing cd vi tri, dong gdp ngiy cing Idn hon cho phit trien kinh te - xi h^i cung nhu dip ung nhu cau phuc lgi ngiy cang cao cua nhan dan • T u khoa dich vu, djch vu cong, dich vu cong thiet yeu, hang hoa dich vu cong, thi trudng dich vy cong / \ Vietnam commits to join V\/TO since 2007 including opening service market Among different service mari tho khu vuc tu nhdn \a cac [o Jiuc xahoi + Djch vy cdng ich: la cac ho?t dgng cung cap cac hang hoa, dich vu ca ban, thi^t yeu cho nguai dan va cgng dong nhu: Ve sinh mdi trudng, xii ly rac thai, cap nudc sach, van tai cong cgng thi, phdng chong thien tai chu yeu cac doanh nghiep cdng ich cua Nha nudc thuc hien Danh gia qua trinh phat triin thj tnrcmg dich vu cdng Mpt la, ve ddi mdi tu hoach dinh chinh sach Ddi vdi djch vu cdng, tu Dai hdi VI (1986) Dang la da coi dich vu cdng la su nghiep cdng, bao gom ITnh vue: van hda; giao due; y le; the due, the thao; van hoc nghe thuat; khoa hgc, ky thuat; dSn Dai hgi Vll (1991) bd sung them ITnh vue thdng tin, bao ehi xudt ban; den Dai hdi VIII bd sung them k£ hoach hda gia dinh; den Dai hpi XII (2016) Ddng la tiap tuc xac dinh ITnh vuc tren la djch vu cdng Chu truong eua Dang ve phat trien djch vu cdng Id nhat quan, ke thira va phdt trien, theo kinh l6 thi trudng djnh hudng xa hdi chii nghTa, lap trung vao ndi dung chinh: Hoan thien ca che lu chil, lu chju trach nhiem ddi vdi cdc dan vj sir nghiep cdng lap; hoan thien ca che phap ludt vd chinh sdch nham day manh huy ddng ngudn luc xa hgi, khuyen khich xa hdi hda djch vu cdng; hoan thien the che ve co cdu \ a phuang thirc ddu lu ciia NSNN cho phat trien djch vu cong: ihuc hien co che dal hang, mua hang, giao nhiem vu cung img dich vu cdng; xdc dinh khung gia, phi dich vu su nghiep cdng, tirng budc tinh dii chi phi lien lucmg, chi phi ihudng xuyen theo Id trinh phil hgp; phdt trien thj trudng djch vu cdng; hodn thien ea che, ehinh sdch hd tra cdc ddi lugng chinh sach, ngudi ngheo, ddng bao dan tdc thieu sd; tang cudng vai trd eiia Nha nudc; hoan ihien eac cdng cu qudn Iy va kiem tra gidm sdt ciia cac CO quan quan ly nha nudc, giao cho cae bd nganh va dia phuang thuc hien Diem ndi bdt qua trinh phat trien thi trudng dich vu cdng thdi gian qua Id qua trinh thuc hien xa hdi hda dich vu cong Dd la su huy ddng cdc ngudn luc ciia \a hdi vao vice thda man nhu cau ciia ngudi v e dich v u cdns Khi nen kinh te cdng phdt trien thi mirc sdnc naudi ddn cang dugc nang cao, nhu cau v c dich v u cone ich can2 rdne Idn va da dang 16> Tap chi nghien ciiu Tai chinh ke t o a n (^S^ 05 TAI CHINH VI MO (166)-2017) Hai Id, \h ddi mdi thg ch8 kinh te He thdng luat phap va cac van ban quy pham phap luat lam co sd thyc hien chinh sach x3 hgi hda djch vu cdng tao budc chuyen doi tir ca che bao cap sang ca che gia dich vu cdng, dd la; - Da ban hanh cac quy dinh giao quyen tir chii, tu chju trach nhiem doi vdi don vi su nghiep cung cap djch vu cdng - Da thuc hien chinh sach xa hdi hda nham huy ddng ngudn luc xa hdi vao thi trudng dich vu cdng d muc do, phuang thirc khac nhau, nhu: lien doanh, lien ket, nhugng quyen khai thdc, hgp ddng lien doanh, lien kel - Tung budc tao hanh lang phdp ly chi ngdn sach viec dat hang, hd Irg ddi tugng hudng chinh sach xa hdi nham lao "cau" quan he cung- cdu tren thi trudng djch vu cdng - Ciing vdi qud trinh chuyen ddi sang thj trudng cung cdp djch vu edng, Nhd nudc da ddu lu, hd trg thich dang cho viec phdt trien cdc hoat dgng cung cap djch vu cdng Han che Mpt la, mac du da phat trien thj trudng djch vu cdng, cdc ngudn luc bd sung cho phat tricn cac ITnh vuc phiie lgi xa hgi, song chi ngan sach cho eac hoal ddng cdn mang linh bao cap, chi theo dinh miic ddu vao (sd lugng sinh vien, hpc sinh; giudng benh; de ldi ) md chua chii trpng den sdn pham dau (chat lugng va gid djch vu), nhu: chi cho giao due khoang 20-21%, y le 6,8-7,3%, khoa hoc, cong nghe 1,42-1,5l%i, mdi Irudng 1% tren tdng chi ngdn sach nha nudc; thu tir hoat ddng chil yeu ghi thu, ghi chi, cdn cac loai thue chiem ly trgng khdng dang ke tdng thu ciia ngdn sach nha nudc, Trong dd, GDP tao tir cae hoal ddng djch vu cdng chiem ly trpng Idn (khoang 30- 35% GDP) Ngodi ra, hdng nam chi cho du hoc khoang gdn ly USD, chi chira benh d nudc ngodi khoang 3-4 ty USD: rieng nam 2016 cd khodng 6,5 tneu lugt du khdch nude di du Ijch nudc ngoai, tang khodng 15% so vdi nam trudc va chi tiLden7-StyUSD Hai Id, thi trudng djeh vu cdng dang timg budc liinh lhanh tren dien rgng, song da phdt sinh nhieu hai cap tdn tai, nhu hoal ddng mdt sd loai djch V u cong lhieu kicm scat cita Nhd nudc, nhu: i-iing niol CO so cung cdp dich vu cong ciia Nha nudc tdn tai nhieu loai hinh hoat dOng vdi cac ngi dung va muc gia dich vy khac nhau, co che ph3n phoi thieu cong khai, minh b^ch (miic hgc phi ton tai nhieu loai nhu d6i vdi cac trudng cdng lap, ngoai cdng lap rieng; gia dich vu kham chua benh ciing tdn tai nhi^u miirc gia Nha nudc quy dinh, muc gia bao hiem, miic gia theo yeu cau, ; gia Uong djch vy th^ thao, giai tri va cac ho^t ddng khac Cling tuang tu nhu vay) Ba Id, nham day manh xa hgi hda cung nhu phat trien thi trudng djch vu cdng cung ung djch vu cdng, Nha nudc ta da ban hanh nhieu vdn ban quy pham phap luat tao ca sd cung img dich vu cac ITnh vuc y te, giao due, van hda va the thao ddi Ddng thai, hien thuc dieu da sinh nhieu vdn de viec kiem soat chdt lugng djch vu, nhu: Nha nudc chu trpng den kiem sodt dieu kien, chdt lugng cung cap eiia eae dan vj edng lap, viec kiem sodl chdt lupng ddi vdi cac dan vi ngoai cdng lap chua dupe chii trgng Biin Id, mgl sd kha phd bien dan vj Id chuc cung cap djeh vu khdng dam bao yeu cdu ve chdt lugng nhung van dugc phep hoat dpng, nhu: ITnh vuc gido due mdt sd Irudng mdm non tu thuc khdng dil tieu chudn, thieu khdng gian cho tre, thuc pham khong an loan, eac dieu kien chain sde tre khdng dugc ddm bao; mdt sd ca sd khdm chira benh khdng ddp irng dugc yeu cau, nang liiy tien gia thudc; cdc trudng hgc ngoai cdng lap thieu giao vien ca hiiii; Tdt cd dang dal vdn de ve kiem sodl chdt lupng ddi vdi cac ca sd cung cap djch vu Giai phap, kicn nghi Mgt Id, bdm bdo tinh ddc lap giii-a viec thuc hien chirc nang qudn ly nhd nudc vdi viee cung cap dieh vu cdng cac don vj su nghiep cdng Nhiem vu ciia CO quan qudn ly Nha nudc ddi vdi cac ITnh vuc djch vu cdng la hoach djnh chinh sdch, hudng ddn chuyen mdn vd kiem Ira, gidm sdt chap hanh phdp luat ddi vdi cdc ca sd cung cdp djch vu cdng (ke ca edng, lu, lien doanh, lien kel, dau lu nude ngoai); ddi vdi ea sd ngodi cdng lap eung phai tudn Ihii phdp luat va chiu su ki^m tra, tra, xir ly vi pham eua Nhd nudc binh dang nhu ddi vdi ca sd cung cap djch vu cdng ciia Nha nudc Cd nhu vay, mdi thuc sir lao dieu kicn tu chii, tu chiu trach nhicm ddm bdo canh tranh phat tricn thj trudng d[ch vu cong su phdt trien hdi hda ciia ca he Tap chi nghien ctfu Tai chinh ke' toan