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Nghi§n cilu Gia d i n h vA Gi6i S^'2 - Quan nigm cua ngirdl phu niif ve hanh phdc (Nghien cCru trudng hop tai tinh Ninh Binh) BiJi Thj HUdng Trim V]&) Nghien o h i Gia dinh vd Gidi Tom t a t : Hanh philc la mot hien tucfng xa hoi da chi^u v^ c6 nhieu yeu to' anh hiiclng Viec danh gia cuoc song hanh phiic ciia m6t ngiicti thUcing dUa tr§n hai y^u td: d I u tien la nh^n thulc va hai \k cam nh^n thiic t^ Dua tren so^ lieu cua d^ tai d6c l&p cA'p Nha nitdc "Hanh phiic cua ngUdi Viet Nam: quan ni$m, thuc trang va chi so' danh gia" Vi§n NghiSn cilu Gia (finh va Gidi thuc hi§n, Bai vi^t phan tich quan niem cua ngUdi phu nfl vi hanh phiic tit cac yeu to' thuoc ba linh vile kinh t^ - moi trUdng tU nhien; gia dinh - xa h6i va dcfi so'ng ca nhSnd) Tit khoa: Phu nfl; Hon nhan - Gia ifinh; Hanh phiic; Gia tri Gidi thieu phuong Tay, hanh phiic bat d^u trd ddi tugng nghien ciiu cua khoa hoc thtrc nghiem tii nhung nam 1960 va hanh phiic ciia ngudi phu nil dugc quan tam nghien ciiu tit nhiing nam 1970 Chia d^ hanh phuc cua ngudi phu nil tap trung chii y^u d ngknh TSm ly hgc xa hdi va Xa hdi hgc Tam IS hoc chii trgng de^n tri lieu va tu v^n di ngudi phu nii cd nhiing cam xiic lich cijc hem Xa hdi hgc chii trgng ly giai ngu6n gdc va cac ye'u td tac ddng tdi hanh phuc cija ngudi phu nO tii cac gdc dd: ca nhan, gia dinh, xa 78 Nghien ciiu Gia dinh vi Gidi Quy^n 27,*S2, tr 71-79 hdi Hanh phlic \k chfl d^ rfft dugc quan tam luih virc nghien ciiu g i ^ , dac biet nghien cdu vi Mt binh dang: bfft binh ding gi^o due, baft binh dSng viec \km, bSt binh ding tham chinh, bait binh ding thu hudng hanh phiic Hanh phiic cua ngudi phu nii 1^ mdt nhung ndi dung quan ligng cua di^u tra xa hdi ciia My (General Social Survey - GSS) Dilu tra nky hk d£u tif nflm 1972 va dugc lap lai h ^ g nflm Khoang thdi gian dai cfla GSS vk viSc sfl dung phuong an khao sdt phfl hgp d^ ludng hanh phflc \k rSt IJ* tudng cho vific phan tich xu hudng hanh phuc theo then gian Viet Nam, hanh phflc vdi tu c^ch \k ddi tugng nghien ctiu cfla khoa hoc thuc nghiem, dSe biet la xa hdi hoe, hSu nhu edn vang bdng ca tren binh dien hanh phfle xa hdi ndi chung vk hanh phiic cfla cae nhdm xa hdi ndi rieng, dd ed nhdm phu n& Cho d^n nay, d Viet Nam ehi ed mdt sd r^t ft nghien cflu true ti^p vi hanh phue v^ ehua c6 nghien eihi rieng nao vi hanh phfle eua ngudi phia nfi Trong vSn di hanh phflc cfla ngudi phu nS thudng vang bong d eac cdng trinh nghien eiiu thi lai dugc nhac dfih kha thudng xuyen tren bao ehi Viet Nam, tieu bi^u 1^ Bao Phu nfl Viet Nam, Bdo Phu nu Thfl dd, Bdo Phu nfl phd H6 Chi Minh, Bao Thanh nien hay mdt sd bdo mang nhu Riununet.com, Vietnamnetvn Viec danh gid chJft lugng cudc sdng cdc qudc gia nay, dd cd Viet Nam, khdng th^ khdng tinh dS'n viec tim hi^u quan niem hanh phflc ndi chung vk hanh phflc cfla ngudi phia nii ndi rieng Ngudi phta nu dang nghi gi vi hanh phfle cua hg? Bai vi^t sfl diang bd sd lieu cfla di tai ddc lap dp Nha nude "Hanh phflc cfla ngudi Viet Nam: quan niem, thuc trang va ehi sd ddnh gia" (DTDL.XH-OS/IS) Vien Nghien cflu Gia dinh vk Gidi thuc hien ndm 2015-2018 D^ tSi khao sdt tai 05 tinh/thdnh (Nmh Binh, Son La, Ddc Ldc, Tp H6 Chi Minh, An Giang) Mdi tinh/thdnh dilu tra 500 phi^u hdi Tuy nhien, pham vi bai vifi^t nky, tdc gia ehi nghien cflu trudng hgp d tinh Nmh Binh Nghien cflu ndy tim hi^u quan niem vi hanh phflc cfla ngudi phu nO nen tdc gia ehi sur dung m§u phan tfch ngudi tra Idi Id nu d^ cd duge thdng tin trtic tifip vi hanh phflc theo quan niem cfla ehinh hg Cdc phuong dn d^ Idi ghi nhdn ddnh gid cua mdi phu nfl vi hanh phflc Mdu dinh lugng dugc sfl dung phdn tieh Id 267 phi^u va 40 phong vdn sdu thiic hien tai 01 phudng vd 01 xa thudc tinh Ninh Binh Tun hi^u quan niem hanh phflc cfla ngudi phu nii la mdt dilu khd khdn bcri ban chdt hanh phflc mang tinh chfl quan cfla ngudi tra Idi Bai vie't tim hilu quan niem vl hanh phflc qua ba Knh vuc: kinh tl^ - mdi trudng tu nhien; gia dinh - xa hdi; ddi sdng cd nhdn Bui Thi Hijdng Tram 73 Quan niem hanh phfic Imh vutc kinh te - moi trudng tu nhien Cac yfiii td thudc linh vuc kinh ti - mdi trudng tu nhien duge quan niem Id tdt cd nhung gi ngudi sdng tao, ti£fp thu, lua chon mdi tuong quan vdi mdi trudng tu nhien, nhdm ddp flng cdc nhu cSu sinh tdn hdng ngdy eua hg Bilu hien tdp trung cfia nhdm ndy la cae y€u td ddp flng nhu cdu dn, mdc, 6, di lai Tuy nhien, frong viee thod man cac nhu cdu bSit hiln nay, cf mdi thdi k^ lich sfl, bilu hien cfla chflng lai cd su bi^n ddi rS^t ddng kl (Le Ngoc Vdn va cac tdc gia, 2016) nghien cflu ndy, ngudi phu nfl duge ySu edu lua ehon 5/11 ylu td eho la quan trgng dam bao hanh phfle Sd lieu Bang cho thdy yeu td nguiri phu nfl uu tien lira chgn la: cd thu nhdp dn dinh; ed cdng dn viec 1dm ddy du; mdi trudng tu nhien Idnh; ed nhd d riSng vd an todn ve sinh thuc phdm tdt Thu nhdp la mdt nhung yeii td chfi dilm nghien cflu vl hanh phflc Cd hai ludng tranh ludn vl su cdn thilt ludng mdi quan he gifla thu nhdp vd hanh phflc Quan dilm thfl nhdt, vi du quan dilm cfia Doh Chull Shm (2009), ludng hanh phfle thoat ly khoi ylu td thu nhdp vi theo kinh nghiem nghiln cflu hanh phflc d nhmig qudc gia Nho gido (trong dd cd Viet Nam) nlu phdt bilu nhiing quan niem gdn liln vdi vdt chdt ed thi hi coi Id ngudi dimg hae, tdm thudng Quan dilm thfl hai cdi md, edn hdng hon col thu nhdp Id mdt nhiing y^u td cd dnh hudng tdi Bang 'i kiln cua phu niir ve cac yeu to thudc nhom kinh t l - moi truimg tu nhien co vai tro quan trong dam bao hanh phflc (xe'p theo thfl" tu ini tien cua ngirdi tra liA) C6 thu ntiap 6n dinh C6 eflng in viSc ^ Aiy du M6i tnr&ng tu nhifln linh C6nb.kdntag An t(An v6 sinh Ihiic p h ^ l6t Duoc lam cdng vific minh thich Co du tien nghi sinh hoat Cd t^ san va ti€a d6 danh C6 he thdng dich vu t6t DMOC in ngon Duoc mac dep % 79,4 76,4 70,4 66.3 63,3 41,2 37,1 19,5 19.5 15,7 11,2 N 212 204 18S 177 169 no 99 52 52 42 30 74 Nghien ctj\i Gia dinh va Gidi Quyen 27, so 2, tr 71-79 hanh phuc Vi du: Fnjters, Haisken-CteNew & Shields (2004) ghi nhSn su tdng len cua thu nhap ddn idi hanh phflc chu quan cao hon Hay nghien cflu cua Stevenson, B and J.Wolfers (2008) cho tha'y thu nhap rdt quan trgng bdi no dinh hudng mfle sd'ng va kha nang tieu dung - nhutig ylu td tien de cua hanh phuc Nghien cuu da xem xet vai tro ylu td thu nhdp vdi quan niem hanh phflc cua ngudi phu nu Ke't qua chi rdng "cd ihu nhap 6n djnh" la uu lien lua chgn hang ddu, sau dd la "co cdng an viec lam ddy du", la phucmg tien dl tao thu nhap dn dinh, bin vihig Nhu vdy, yeu id sinh tdn dap flng nhu cau sdng co ban la rdt quan trgng dam bao hanh phflc cua ngudi phu nii tai dia ban nghien CUTJ Ket qua phong vdn sau cung gop phan lam ro dieu nay: Tnjdc tien cCr phai c6 thu nhap Tien vdn quan Khi c6 tien minh hanh phuc han bdi vi minh tir tin hon, c6 the lam nhu-ng viec minh thfch, c6 the giup 63 moi ngi/di ma khong can phai lo lang [ ] Minh chu dong di/dc thu nhap thi minh cung chu dong duoc nam giij hanh phOc" (PVS nO, mire song tmng binh, xa Ninh Giang) Cac yeu td dugc lua chgn lie'p theo la "mdi trudng tir nhien lanh" va "cd nha a rieng" Ke't qua tuong ddng vdi mdt so nghien cuu qudc te trudc ddy vi cac yeu td tac ddng den hanh phuc O nhiem tie'ng on va d nhiem khSng co tac dong Ueu cue dang ke de'n sy hai long ve cugc song (Dolan, Peasgood and White, 2007) Cd nhirng bang chutig chflng td rang di6u kien nha d co lac ddng de'n hanh phuc (Oswald el a!., 2003 inch theo Nguyen Nggc Trung, 2014) Hieu dugc md'i quan he giiia chdt luong mdi trudng vdi hanh phflc la ra'l quan irgng de ke'l ndi cac dieu kien moi Irudng Ihuc le (bao gom chat lugng ngudn khong va md rong khdng gian xanh) vdi nhung chi'nh sach dam bao hanh phiic cho phu niJ Xac dinh dugc nhu c^u co nha d rieng nhu mdi id quan trgng cua di^u kien vat cha'l anh hudng de'n ddi sdng cua ngudi phu nu gdp phdn hudng su quan lam nhieu hon ciia Nha nude tdi cac chi'nh sach nhdm nang cao chdt lugng sd'ng cho ngudi dan Quan niem hanh phiic ITnh vi/c gia dinh - xa hoi Nhiing ye'u td thu6c linh vuc gia dinh - xa hgi phan anh quan he giiJa ngudi vdi ngudi Ve mat tam ly hgc, cac mdi quan he xa hdi la m6t nhiing d6ng luc ndi sinh (intrinsic motivation) cd the lam lang hanh phiic mot each manh mc (Deci & Ryan, 2000) Trong ITnh vuc nay, ngudi phu nS cung duoc yeu cau lua chon 5/11 yeu Bui Thi Hiftfng Tram 75 Bang ^ ki€h ciia ngudi phu niir vi cdc y^u t6 thuoc nhom gia dUnh-xa hdi c6 vai tr6 quan trong dam bao hanh phlic (x^p theo thfir tu uu tien cua ngudi tra Idi) Gia dinh hok thuan Con chau cham ngoan Quan be hp hilng ttft An ninh, an lodn x3 hfli bao d ^ Quan he ling gi^ng tfft Duoc tu chA, tu quy£t v£ bSn thdn MOi truinig xa hOi til do, dan chii C6 ban be ldt Quan h£ noi ^ viec ti^t Chmh quyln thftn thien, cdng tftm C6 v\ the, dja vi xa h^i 97.0 82.0 60,7 59,6 50,6 39,3 35,2 26.6 21.0 20.2 7,9 259 219 162 159 135 105 94 71 56 54 21 td cho la cd vai trd quan trgng ttong dam bao hanh phflc Sd lieu Bang cho th3y ygu td nguM phu nfl mi tien lua chgn la: gia dinh hoh thuan; COTi ciidu cham ngoan, quan he hg hing tdt; an ninh, an toan xa hdi bao dam v{t quan he l ^ g giSng tdt Cac nghien cflu hanh phflc d chau A cho rang tfah tap thi dugc bat ngudn nhu mdt dac di^m quan trgng Di^u nky khac vdi phuong Tay ludn col ca nhan la tnmg tdm cfla mgi $ nghi, hanh ddng Mdt cudc sdng hanh phflc bdi canh van hda Nho giao cd dac dimg mang tfah chung, muc tieu chung, sd thfch chung vk mong udc mang tinh tap ihi hon la tinh ca nhan Hanh phflc chi xuSt hien nS'u mdt ngudi cd m6i quan he tdt vdi mgi ngudi va quan he cdn quan trgng hon tri thflc hay ti^n bac cfla ca nhan dd viec tao nen hanh phflc (Ed Diener & Lucas, 2000; Shin & Inoguchi, 2009 trich theo Nguyen Nggc Trung, 2014) Khi nghien cflu hanh phflc d H^n Qudc, Parte (2009) cung cho riing mdi quan he cua mdt ca nhan r^t quan trgng viec nang cao hanh phflc Cdc md'i quan he gia dinh va cudc sdng tuong ddi d^y dfl v^ vat ch£ft se mang lai hanh phflc, sir thda man vk cudc sdng vien man cho mgi ca nhan Bdi canh chau A mang tinh ch^t tieu bi^u, chflng minh cho nhan djnh: "Con ngudi la mdt sSn ph^m cua bdi canh xa hdi BSt cfl nd luc nko nham cd gang d^ hieu dugc hg phai danh gia dua uen gia dinh cfla hg" (Nichols & Schwartz, 1995:106) Theo quan niem cfla ngudi phu nfl tai dia ban nghien cflu, hanh phflc vln gan li^n vdi nhOng m6i quan he gia dinh hon Ik nhOng yg^u td mang 76 Nghien cilu Gia dinh va Gidi Quyen 27, so 2, tr 71-79 tinh ca nhan - nhung gia tri tu the' hien nhu "cd vi the, dia vi xa hdi", "dugc tu chii, tu quye't v^ ban than" Yeu td mang lai hanh phuc cho ngudi phu nir khong gi khac dd chinh la nhu cau tinh cam den tir gia dinh, chau, hg hang Mot phu nu cdn chia se quan di^m ring ne'u ngudi phu nir hudng qua nhieu tdi cdng ben ngoai cd the lai la ngudn cLia bat hanh, chfl khdng phai lien dc cua hanh phuc: "Oe ngirdi phu nO thirc si/ hanh phOc that khSng don gian vi phai phu thuoc nhieu yeu to, dac biet la nhOng moi quan he vdn gia dinh minh, gia dinh hai ben Phu nu'van gia dinh hon Gia dinh hanh phuc thi phu nffse hanh phuc [ ] N^u ngadi phu nu' hudng qua nhi§u tdi c6ng ben ngoai chu'a chac da hanh phiJc dau, nhieu la bat hanh day va co the co hau qua nghiem trong" (PVS nff, mCrc song trung binh, phudng Thanh Binh) Cd the ndi, suy nghi cua ngudi phu nu, gia dinh la mdi id a'm cho Cii nhan, la noi ma cac sgi day rang budc ve mat tinh cam giir vai trd trung tam Hanh phflc ca nhan chi'nh la su hai hoa cac md'i quan he gia dinh Viec nuoi dudng tdt cac md'i quan he gia dinh cung la lao diem tua cho hanh phuc ca nhin Dieu dua de'n mot nhan dinh rSng: Ihay ddi bd'i canh gia dinh (hoac cac mdi quan he gia dinh) se lao su thay ddi manh me ddi vdi cac vien gia dinh ndi chung va dd'i vdi cam nhan hanh phiic eua ngudi phu nu ndi rieng Quan niem hanh phuc ddi song ca nhan Khi tien hanh ludng, tinh loan ve hanh phiic, mdt khia canh khdng the bd qua irong cau trtic hanh phuc cua ngudi la nhung yeu td thuOc ddi sdng ca nhan nhu siic khoe, trinh dd hgc van, nang lire lam viec Trong do, cd ca nhimg yeu td linh te va phflc tap nhu nidm lin ca nhSn, ddi sdng tinh than, cam nhan cdng cugc sd'ng Vdi 11 ye'u id dua d nghien cflu nay, 05 ye'u td dugc ngudi phu nu lua chgn cd vai trd quan trgng dam bao hanh phflc la; cd siJc khoe tdt, ddi sdng linh than, tarn linh ySn dn; cd thdi gian nghi ngoi, giai tri; lam dugc viee cd y nghia va cd ni^m tin vao ngudi, xa hgi Nhieu nghien cuu cho thay, ea siic khde the^ chat va tinh than diu cd mdi lien he vdi mirc dO hanh phiic Khao sal d cac nhdm gap van de ve sflc khde tha'y cd su suy giam hanh phiic Nhifng ngudi khoe manh cd ty le hai long v^ cudc sdng cao hem ra'l nhieu nhiing ngudi dm dau d:ii han Ke'l qua tu cac nghien cuu lich dai quy md Ic'm dai dien qudc gia da ghi nhan su dm yeu, bat luc cd lien quan den mirc dO giam siJt hanh phuc (ONS (2012), Lucas (2007) inch theo Nguyen Nggc Trung, 2014) Bui Thi Hifcfng Tram 77 Bang V ki^'n cua ngu6i phu nu' ve yeu to thuoc nhom ddi sdng ca nhSn CO vai tro quan trong dam bao hanh phuc (xe'p theo thijr tii uu tien ciia ngudi tra IM) Co sire khoe lo'i Dai s6'ng tinh ihSn, Iflm linh yen on Co Ihdi gian nghi ngoi, giai Iri Lam duoc vific c6 y nghTa Co niim lin vao ngutri, xa hoi Luon CO muc lieu phitn dilu Co trinh dfi hoc vin Co nang lirclam vice Thanh cong cufte sting The hien duoc nang lire eua minh Thich itng nhanh voi cuoc song 98,9 66,3 55,1 53,2 46.4 41.6 38,2 33,7 30,3 23,2 12,7 Trong nghien cuu nay, "cd sue khde tdt" la ye'u td dugc ngudi phu nu uu lien lua chgn cao nha'l (98,9%) Sflc khoe mang tinh chat ndn lang cho mgi hoat dong hudng de'n hanh phuc: "Mot ngudi hanh phuc ch§c chan la mot nguoi khoe manh Khi mmh khoe, minh mdi cam nhan diroc cupc song, minh mdi c6 the vach cac ke hoach cua cupc ddi va n5 lac de dat duoc no [ ] Khi mmh khoe manh, minh co nhieu dieu de udc Con khong khoe manh thi chi co mot dieu udc nhat la du'oc khoe manh ma thdi" {PVS nQ, mdc sdng kha, ket hon hon 20 nam, xa Nmh Giang) Ye'u td lie'p theo duoc lua chon la "cd ddi sdng tinh thiln, tam linh yen dn" Mdt nghien cihi gSn day ve gia trj gia dinh da ehi rang: gia dinh la cCi ngudn nudi dudng ddi sd'ng tinh thSn, lam linh eua mdi ngudi Nhirng gia tri ma gia dinh mang dfi'n het sflc ben vQng an sau, lan tda va tao nen gia tri tam linh ciia van hda gia dinh Xel den cung, ngudi can td a'm gia dinh tflc la can cd mdt gia tri tam linh d^ tri su sdng cua minh Iren mdt binh dien van hda ma ehi d dd ngudi mdi cd Nhu vay, ye'u id siic khoe va ddi sd'ng tinh than, tam linh yen dn la hai yd'u id quan trgng dam bao hanh phiic Lien he vdi ket qua nghien cuu cua NHF (New Economics Foundation), mdt To chiic nghien cuu kinh te' - xa hgi cd iru sd chinh lai Vuong qud'c Anh, dua vao cac sd lieu chgn lgc tfl cae qudc gia, eac id chtic qudc te va cac sd lieu chi'nh NI-F dieu ira, NEF da tap hgp va dua dugc buc tranh ve thuc trang hanh phiic cua 178 nude (iflc la hau he't cac nude va viing lanh iho tren the gidi) Trong 78 Nghien cOu Gia dinh va Gidi Quyen 27, so 2, tr 71-79 bao cdo, chi sd hanh phflc ciia Vanuatu la 68,2 - cao nhSt the^ gi^iVanuatu - ten ggi dko qudc niy nghia la "Mi^n dSt vinh hJlng" nam phfa nam Thai Binh Duong, Ik noi c6 nhilu sac tdc chung sdng r&t hoa thuan vdi Vanuatu hidn c6 ra't it cac thia bi tieu dung hidn dai va ft nhflng dich vu ki^u sieu thi hay nh^ hSng Mc Donald nhimg day ph^n ddng dan sd sdng than binh yen d^n tan 85-90 tudi Nhilu tai Ueu ca ngoi Vanuahi Ik thien dudng noi gidi bdi mdi trudng lanh, ngudi'khoe manh, than thien (Hd Si Qu^, 2007) Mac dfl cdn cd nhOng tranh cai vi b^o cao HPI cfla NEF qud quy gian cac chi sd hanh phflc nhung khdng th^ phfl nhan rang hai ye'u td sflc khoe vk ddi sdng tinh thin, tam linh yen dn la hai yiii td quan trgng dam bao hanh phflc Ke) luan Quan niem ve hanh phflc cfla ngudi phu nfl dugc khao sat qua ba linh vuc dugc xem la cd lien quan d^n hanh phflc to&n didn cua ngudi phu nit Mdi linh vtic lai bao gdm nhilu ylu id phan dnh quan nidm chung vl nhiJng dieu ngudi phu nii cho ring cd tdc ddng quan trgng tdi hanh phflc Bai vilt da phan tich tdng thi 33 ylu td dai dien cho ba lihh vuc nhimg ro rang 33 ylu td chua the bao qudt dSy du hit Trong ITnh vuc kinh t l - mdi t r u ^ g tif nhien, da sd phu nfl lua chgn "thu nhap dn dinh" - la y^u td sinh tdn dap flng nhu cSu sdng co ban, Ik ylii td r£[t quan trgng dam bao hanh phflc cfla ngudi phu nQ tai dia ban nghien cflu Mdt sd nghien cflu xa hdi hgc cfing chi ring tiln bac c6 tao hanh phflc nhtmg ddy 1^ quan he khd phflc tap, bdi tiln bac tao hanh phflc thudng di kem vdi mdt sd dilu kien nhu ngudi ldm tiln phai cam th^y hg kilm dirge nhilu tiln hon ngucri khde; nhung tiln bac da dap flng dugc nhu cdu cfla ngudi d mdt mfle nh^t dinh thi tiln bac khdng cdn la thudc cfla hanh phflc nfia Trong Hnh vuc gia dinh - xa hdi, theo quan iflem cua ngudi phu nfl, hanh phflc la "gia dinh hda thudn" Kit qua cua nghien cflu ddng thuan vdi mdt sd nghien cflu hanh phflc d chau A chi r^ng hanh phflc cua phu niJ vdn gdn liln vdi nhiing md'i quan he gia dinh hon la nhiing ylu td mang tinh cd nhdn Nhu vdy nang cao ch^t lugng cac mdi quan he gia dinh, mang cac vien lai gdn hodc can thiep nhdm tdng tinh tuong tac giOa cac vien gia dinh Trong Iinh vuc ddi sdng cd nhdn, ngodi ylu td sflc khde dugc lua chon nhu yeu td nin tang cho mgi hoat ddng hudng ddn hanh phflc thi ngudi phia nii cung dl eao vai trd ddi sdng tinh thdn va tdm linh viec bao hanh phflc Bii Thj HiAtaff Trim 79 Viec tim hidii quan nilm vl h?nh phflc cfla ngudi phu nfl bdi vilt ndy mdi Id chi Id nghiln cflu triidng hop d tuih Ninh Binh, nhito, nhiing kll qua n ^ e n ciiu bwfc ddu ndy cd thi ggi md cho ( ^ nghiln ciiu khde vl hanh phflc.^ Viet Nmi-B ChU thfch o Bdi vilt khudn khd di ^ khoa hoc ddc iSip dtp qiitfc gia: "Il^nh phflc ciia ngoiA Vi^ Nam: Quan niem, tfiuc tr^ng vd chi s6 ddnh gid", MS sd DTDLJCH-03/15 Tdi ueu trfch ddn Deci, E L., & Ryan, RM 2000 The *'Whaf' and "Why" of Goal Pursuits: Human needs and the self-determination of behavior Psychological Inquiry 11(4) 227-268 doi: 10.1207/S15327965PL1104_OI Doh Chull Sun 2009 Chdt lugng sdng cua ngUcfi ddn chdu A theo Nho gido: Quan ni^m vi hanh phiic Tkilan, P., T Peasgood and M.White 2007 "Do we really know yfhat makes us happy? A review of theeconomic literature on the factors associated with subjective well-being" Journal of Economic Psychology Vol 29.Pp 94122 Frijters, P., JJ> Haisken-[>eNew and M.A Shields 2004 "Money does matter! Evidence from increasing real income and life satisfaction in East Germany following reunification" American Economic Review Vol 94 Pp 730-740 H6 iff QuJ 2007 Nghiin cUu dinh lugng vi hanh ph&c vd chi sdhanh phuc (HPI) cua Viet Nam Lft Ngoc van, Mai Van Hai, Ddng Thi Hoa, Biii Thi Huang Trim 2016 He gid tri gia dinh Viit Nam Nxb Khoa hoc Xa hOi Nguyen Ngoc Tmng 2014 A/tJf sdvdn di ly ludn ve chi sdhgnh phuc vd khd ndng &ng dung thuc tiin Dl tdi c ^ co sd Vien Nghi£n cihi Con ngu6i Nichols, M P & Schwartz, R C 1995 Family Therapy: Concepts and Methods (3rd ed) Boston: AUyn & Bacon Park, C-M 2009 The quality of life in South Korea Social Indicators research 92(2), 263-294.doi; 10.1007/sll205-008-9348-y Stevenson, B and J.Wolfers 2008 Economic growth and subjective wellbeing: researching the Easterlin paradox NBER woridng paper No 14282 Ounbridge Mass.: National Bureau of economic research ... tinh Ninh Binh Tun hi^u quan niem hanh phflc cfla ngudi phu nii la mdt dilu khd khdn bcri ban chdt hanh phflc mang tinh chfl quan cfla ngudi tra Idi Bai vie't tim hilu quan niem vl hanh phflc... vl hanh phflc Cd hai ludng tranh ludn vl su cdn thilt ludng mdi quan he gifla thu nhdp vd hanh phflc Quan dilm thfl nhdt, vi du quan dilm cfia Doh Chull Shm (2009), ludng hanh phfle thoat ly khoi... cho ngudi dan Quan niem hanh phiic ITnh vi/c gia dinh - xa hoi Nhiing ye'u td thu6c linh vuc gia dinh - xa hgi phan anh quan he giiJa ngudi vdi ngudi Ve mat tam ly hgc, cac mdi quan he xa hdi
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