Quyền công đoàn của người lao động kinh nghiệm của thế giới và thực tiễn ở việt nam hiện nay

QUYEN CONG DOAN CUA NGUOl LAO DONG KINH NGHIEM CUA THE GI61 VA THirC T l i N VIET NAM HIEN NAY VUANHDtJrc*' ^'^i^trongi^zj^,^,:^^:^'':^^ r v Z J^^ ^•""^''"y^" ^'^^''^^ ngudi lao dfng dViet Nam ^'"''^'^•Cdng dodn; ngudi lao dfng; quyin cdng dodn ^tuatianinordertolLnmLZ •"""" '"^ '""'^""""'"^ ^ ^ ' ^ " - ^ '" ^'^"«"" Keyu,ardJ^r f '^"^^'^^y urging issues in Vietnamese labor's union right lieywords: Union; employee; union right ^^'^'^'^'^^^^^l^l2016;Ngdysdabdi:10/10/2016;Ngdyduyetddngbdi:30/10/201^^ Quyin cfing doftn c i a ngudi lao dfng trfin thtf gidi - tfl thfla nhfin dtfn thflc hifn Quyin d n g doftn c i a ngufi lao dfing Ift nfaflng nhu d u , nfaflng Ifi fcfa cfing doftn ty nWln vtfn d vft kfa&cfa quan eia ngufi lao dfng dupe gW nfafn, bao dim vft bio vf luft pfa&p qufib ttf vft pfa&p luft qufib gia Trin tfal gidi, quyin cfing doftn dfi dupe gW nfafn Ift mfit quyin ed bin eia ngUdi lao dfng, lft mft nfaflng nfi dung cia quyin ngufi Tuygn ngfin toftn tfal gidi v l quyin ngufi eia Liln Hifp qufib nflm 1948 da nlu nfi dung ed bin Ift: "Mpi ngufi diu d quyin thdnh Idp hodc gia nhdp edng dodn di bio vf c&c quyin lfi d a minfa" tfafle Wfn bfie lot tfi da dfi vfi ngflfi lao dfing C&c bifn phfip nfafl kfio dfii tfafi gian lao dfing, tflng cfldng df lao dfing, tfaul mflfi, lao dfing tre em gift re, mfi trfldng lfim vifc tfi tf, ctf gftng faf tfatfp tiln IfltJng da Iftm cfao dfi stfng eia ngflfi lao dfing vfi cflng kfafi khftn, mfiu tfauin cfai tfap ngfiy eftng gay gftt NWlu faftnh dfing pfain kfa&ng cia d n g nhfin da filn chi yeu bang e&e Wnfa tfafle nhfl dfp pha m&y mfic, dtft nhft Xfldng, d&nh d&p chi nhft m&y Ttft nWgn hftnh vi phin khftng nfty dfiu b, gidi chi dftn &p vft hfu qui lft tmh canh cia ngufi lao dfng ngfty eftng bi tham hdn Qufin ehing cfing nhfin dfiu tranfa dfin y tfafle dflpc tfim quan cia vifc Cfing doftn - v l Uch s i lft su pfain anfa mfiu tfauin vft cufic dft'u tranfa v l ldi fcfa vft hfin ktft lfi vfi nfaau di efatfng lfi sy dftn quyin gifla ngufi lao dfng vft ngufi s i ap eua gidi ehi Hmh thie ban dfiu eua t l dyng lao dfng tfl bufi ban dfiu cia chic cfing doftn Ift t l chic giflp dd lin efing nhfin til thftnh Ifip, nhu e&e cfal dp tfl bin cfai ngWa Trong giW dofn ti'efa Wy nguyin tfaiy cfau tu bin dl ed dupe gift tii tiiftng dfl dfi Sfi^oS,^!?;^^.^- "^ ^ "^ ^^"« stf 11-2111 NHAN LpC KHOA Hpc XAHpl g j QUY^N C N G DOAN CUA NGUdi LAO DQNG t l chic bi mft "Hfi tUdng trd", "Hpi huynh df", "Hfi faflu ngfaf T l chflc d n g nh&n dupe thftnh lfp de tiln hanh thfldng Ifldng tfp t h i vfi gifi e h i d m nhft't lft Cfing hfi ky nghf d n g nh&n gifty da Florida thftnh lfp nflm 1792 Trong khoing thfi gian nflm 1794 - 1796, d n g nhan ngftnh gia d n g long cflu, d n g nfa&n ngftnfa may eia Anfa da tfaftnfa lap mft loft d c doftn the d n g nh&n ban diu tfi lyc dja chau Au Tuy nWgn, thfi ky nay, t l chic efing nhfin vfi boft dfng e i a nd bfiu nhfl bj c&e nhft nfldc bj clin do&n vft chdn fip, nhfl: Anh cfi "Luft cfim t l chfle doftn the", Phap d "Lufit Cha-brg", nude My dUa pfa&n quylt "tfi &m mflu" dfi vfi ygu d u n&ng Ifldng d a cfing nh&n "Mft nfit quan trpng sfl dfi vft thfi ky hoft dfing d&u tign cia c&c d n g doftn la ching Wnh thftnh teong hoftn cinfa bi c&c giai cfip tbing trj vft c&c ed quan chmh quyen nbft nfldc cia e&e giai cfip tfy truy na, phii hof t dfng bi mft thfi gian khfi dfti"''\ Mfc d i bj ebi df tu bin chu ngWa cfi'm do&n vft dftn &p, phong trfto efing nh&n vft efing doftn vin ph&t trien d kh&p nfi Cfie cufc mit tinh, bieu tinh ldn, thfm cW, nhfl mfi t i cia Ph.Angghen "Tinh cinh giai cfip d n g nhfin Anh" lft "nfaflng cufc cWin teanfa xa fafi dfi xiy ra"®- Pfaong tefto d n g nhfin vft cfing doftn, mftc d i bj dftn ftp dim m&u, nhflng cung dfi bupe giW cfip tu sin phii dua sy filu chinb vl tbi ebi dl lfim giim ap lyc xa hfi Ign e h i df C&e nhft nfldc tfl bin bufic phii lfin lUdt thfla nhfn fia vj hpp pfa&p eua d n g doftn, tfafla nfafn quyin d n g doftn eia ngfldi lao dfng cfal df tu bin e h i ngWa Phong tefto d n g doftn trflde kW ehu ngWa M&c dfi, ehu ylu mang tinh ty ph&t, tmh Wnh t l vft tinh kfagp km T l Q] NNAN LpC KHOA Hpc XAHpl chflc d n g doftn dtfu tign dfi d Anh nftm 1776, d Ph&p nflm 1789, d My nflm 1827, d Dfle nflm 1848 Mpt mfit, b i n tfnh theo duli lfi nhufn c i a tfl b i n da quyet djnh viec kW tfl b i n t h u l mfldn lao dfng tfit se bilu Wfn thftnh bfic lot qufi df dfii vfi lao dpng, thfi ky dau e&eh mfng cfing ngWep tinh tefng nfty dfle bift ro ret Mftt kh&c, gfin nfafl tat ea c&c bp m&y nhft nfldc tu b i n ehu nghia deu bio hfi tinh hpp phap e i a tfl ban dfi vfi thug mfldn va bdc lft lao dpng Giai dofn nfty nfaflng cufic dfiu teanfa e i a giai eft'p efing nh&n cung ehUa trd thftnh tfl gi&c, chfla y thflc dflpc sfl menh lich s i vft chfla cfi dflde t l chic hat nh&n e i a minh "Tuyen ngdn e i a Ding Cpng sin" C.M&e - Ph.Angghen thay mftt Lign doftn Cpng s i n chfiu Au sofn thio vft cfing bo thing nflm 1848, d&nh d&'u sy trfldng thftnh v l tfl tfldng cua giW c&'p d n g nhan vft phong trfto cfing doftn V l to chic, Mac vft Angghen da thftnh lfp Hfi Lifin hifp Lao dfing qud'c t l (Quob t l t h i nhft't) vfto ngfty 28-9-1864 d LuSn Ddn QuSb te thd nhtft ding thdi Iftm nWIm vy eia mft Qutfc t l Cdng doftn, da vf eh cfldng linh cd b i n vft tfch cflc dft'u tranh cho cfic y§u d u cy tfae eua phong trfto efing doftn thi gifi Phong trfto dfi'u tranfa e i a efing nhfin vft cfing doftn theo dfi ngfty eftng diln mfnh me vdi chft't Iflpng mfi Chu ngWa M&c da tflng bflde trd thftnh ddng tfl tfldng e h i dao c i a pfaong trfto d n g doftn, d i phai dtfu tranh quylt Uft vfi c&c lulng tu tfldng eua chu nghia kinh t l vft cfai ngWa cai '" PAon^ trio cdng nhdn qudc ti- nhSng vdn dilfchii vi ly lufn (2004, nhilu t&c tic gia), Nxb CUnh trj qu3c gia Hi N6i, tr.373 ® CMac - PhAngghen (1995), Toin tfp, Nxb CUnh tn qu& gia, H& N?i, 1995, T|ip 2, tr.498 Stfl1-2t1l VUANHDCfC Ifldng vft cac loai til tiidng pW m&exi't tfatfng Idn lft cfai ngWa tu bin vft cfau pfaong tefto d n g dofin dudng tiifi ngWa xa hqi, tfaeo dfi cflng famh tfaftnfa faai , Mft dftc film quan tirong c i a pfaong mfifamfad n g doftn lft cfing doftn dflfi efatf trfto efing doftn tfafi ky nfiy lft fau&ig dfi'u dp xa fafi cfai ngWa vft efing doftn dflfi cfal tranfa cfao mpt xa hqi mfi Xa fafii cfau dp tu bin cfai ngWa ngfaia Pfaong tefto d n g doftn dUdc dftt dufi Hiu nfafl d t&'t d d c nfldc ttf bin ehi Sfl lanfa dfo cia Ding Cpng d n cing vfi nghia xu hfldng chung cfi nhflng phong vifc bao vf quyin vft lpi fcfa fapp pfa&p trao dng^doftn Itfy c&eh mfng bfo lflc cfamh dfing c i a ngufi lao dong, mue tifiu hong lft d l chmh quyin Wen tfi bj coi ift cao nfatft cua dtfu tranfa giW ctfp lft phfi bd btft bpp phap, cfing doftn dupe dmh vi lft phfldng thflc sin xutft tu bin chu ngWa, chi tfal Wnfa t l fadp pfa&p ti^ng tW trfldng x&y dyng ehi ngWa d n g sin nhim thue sfle lao^ dfing Cfing doftn trd tfaftnfa mfi hifn triet dl efing bing, bmh dfing cfau till xfiy dflng quan faf lao dfing qua lao dong Hmh thie dtfu tranh eia d n g cfal dp dftm phan tfp tfal, tfaam gia vfto ed nhan e h i dfi tfl bin chi ngWa vfla cfal ba ben hai ben bmh fifn ph&p kit hdp dtfu teanh hpp phfip, v i a n i a hpp Wat, quyin efing doftn dUde thfla nhftn Ph% vfi eao nhtft dtfu tranh lft gi&nh pfal Win vftti-dthftnfa bf khung cd bin cia chWh quyin v l tay giW ctfp efing nfafin the e h i quan hf lao dfing Wfn dfi M&c tflng nfafii manW Cfing nfa&n kfafing Trong e h i dfi xfi hfi ehu ngWa, d n g bao gid dflpc qugn quyin kfafi ngWa cua dofin dupe thfla nfafn vft trd tfaftnfa mfit bf minh, "dfing sau mfi lfi pWlu lfi nhflng phfn d u thftnh hf thfiig eWnh tri vft thi vign da l&t dflfiig^(3) cho nhflng cWIn luy hifn vW ted tham gia Iftm chi xfi fafi cia Thfing lfi eia C&eh mfng tiifing Mufi ngUdi lao dfing Sau kW giW cfi'p efing Nga nfim 1917 da giii phdng giai cfi'p cfing nhfln lfin nftm chmh quyin, vi t h i ed bin nh&n vfi nhfin d&n lao dfing Nga, tiiftnh Iftp cua cfing doftn lft d u nfi gifla ngufi lao Nhft nude vfi sin dfiu tign tegn tfal gidi T i dfng vft chmh quyin giai ctfp cfing nfafin d&y, pfaong tefto efing doftn tfal gidi bude lft cd Sd xa fafi efao sy Iftnh dao cia Ding sang gim doan mfi Trong tiifi ky nfty, vft Nhft nude Lgnm eW ra, filu Wfn d n g doftn Xfi viit cfi mpt vi tii cyc ky quaii xa hfi c h i ngWa, d n g doftn d n ted thftnh trpng t l cfaic d n g doftn qufib te T i d u nfi eho mfi Uln hf gifla Ding, Nhft thftng lfi cia C&cfa mfng thing Mufi Nga, nfldc vft quin ching cfing nh&n viln chic phong tefto d n g nhan vft cfing doftn dfi 1& trfldng hpc d n g sin cfai ngWa, lft t l pfa&t b i l n manfa me d nWlu nude cing vfi cfafle tfal Wfn vW t d Iftm cfai eia ngufi sy dfi cia Qufib ttf Ifl (1919); Cfing fafi lao dfng Trong tfafi ky nfty, nWlu t l Do (RILU) nam 1921 da dfinfa dfi'u mft cfafle d n g doftn da dfi, tilu bilu nfatft lft bflde tifii mfi cia d n g doftn till gidi Lien Wfp Cfing doftn tfal gidi tfa&ng CWIn teanh tfal gidi lfin tfafl faai kit 10/1945 (Vift Nam trd tfaftWi tfaftWi vifin tfaic, he tiitfng d c nfldc xa hfi chu ngfaia cfamfa tiiflc cua t l cfafle nfty tfl nflm 1949); dfi t l cfaic d n g doftn kfafie v l tmfa cfafi't vfi vj till dfi xutft Wen tixmg xfi fadi cfai ngWa Tfatf gidi dfi famfa tiiftnfa faai faf C ^ ^ ' ^ • ^ ' » « ° (1995) Toin tfp, tfp Nxb Chfnh tr, qu& gia, H4 N^j, tr 127 stf 11-2011 NHAHLpC KHOA HPC XAHpl j j QUYEN CONG DOAN CUA NGUOl LAO DQNG Lien Wfp Quob t l d e d n g doftn til nftm 1949 Nfaflng t l efaie d n g doan qufib t l nfty vftn t i n tfi eho d i n ngfty Sau nhiing nSm 1989 1991, hai sfl Wfn: Dfing Au vft lifin Xfi syp d l cfal df xfi hpi ebi ngfaia vft cufc cii defa doi mfi c i a d c nude xa hpi e h i nghia, da kWin cho pfaong tefto d n g doftn tfag' gifi lfi mft Ifin nfla dfii m&t vfi quan faf Wnfa t l tfaj trUdng Dong thfi, sU theo duli e i a tfl ban toftn d u dfi vfi gift thftnh sic lao dfng thtfp da kWin eho van de quyin d n g doftn thfi dfi toftn d u bo& ding trUde nWlu th&ch thie mfi Thug mUdn lao dfng v&n lft dfc trflng b i n chft't e i a kinh t l thj trfldng, theo duli tfi da hoi lfi nhufn vin lft thufc tinh b i n chtft cua tu bin, toftn d u hfia kinh t l kWin cho dftc tfnh nfty eia e b i ngWa tfl b i n d dflpc sfl tbi Wfn diy du bdn Ty If t l chfle cfing doftn d c&c nfldc Wnh t l tW trfldng phfldng T&y phi biln giim fi vft sfl ftp c h i doi vdi d n g doftn cua c&c nude dang ph&t triln nfa&m tfau fait tiln vfin da trd tfaftnfa cyc fifn ngWgm trpng mft pfaong trfto efing doftn gfp phii Phong trfto d n g doftn thdi dfi toftn d u boft lfi mft l i n nfla dfii mftt vfi Cfnfa teanh nfi bp c i a giai d p cfing nhfin vft vfii di Uln hpp nfaflng ngflfi vfi sin teln toftn tfal gifi cufic dtfu teanh ^d quyin cfing doftn lai dflng trflde bfii canh mfi vft nfaflng th&ch thflc mfi Tfl kW dfi eho din nay, d c t l chfle d n g doftn dft cfi nWlu ddng gfip to ldn cho tiln trinfa defa mfng tfal gifi vft tiln bf xfi bfi Ngfty nay, efing doftn dft trd thftnh mft t l chic quan trpng bf thong chinh trj eia nWlu quIb gia Trii qua mft thfi gian dfti phit triln, nWlu t l chic cfing doftn d d e quIb gia da d d i filu Wfn nhfn thie vft Wnfa ngWfm xfiy dyng t l Q NHAHLpC KHOA Hpc XAHOI efaie d n g doftn, vai trd va vj tfal e i a d n g doftn ngfty eftng dflpc khfing dinfa T l cfafle cdng doftn xa hfii cfai ngWa da trd tfaftnfa tfaftnfa vifin e i a faf thfi'ng cfafnh tri vft tich eye tfaam gia q u i n ly Wnh t l - xa fafi C&c t l cfaic efing doftn xa fafi til b i n cfau ngWa da tfcfa cflc dtfu teanfa ddi d&n cfau, efing bftng xa fadi, bio ve quyin Ifi eua ngUfi lao dpng d&'u teanfa ddi gifi cfai tfing tiln Ifldng, giam gid Iftm, giai quyg't vifc Iftm, cai tWfn ddi sfing VW trd vft vj thi fi'y da dflpc kfaing dinfa tegn tfaye t l vft nWlu vftn b i n phfip luft quan tipng cua nWlu nfldc Theo dfi, quyin thftnh lfp, gia nhfp, hgn Wfp cfie cfing doftn vft i y thae cho tl cfaic efing doftn quyin b i o vf quyin vft ldi fcfa fapp phfip c i a ngufi lao dfing lft thftnh vign c i a Cdng doftn dUdc nWn nhfn nhfl nfaflng nfi dung ed b i n v l quyin cfing doftn c i a ngfldi lao dfng Ljcb s i c i a pfaong trfto efing nfa&n vft d n g doftn tfal gidi cfn dfi vft Wfn dfi da xac nhfn rftng, d l ed dflpc thfla nfafn cua pfaap'luftt Wen hftnh v l quyin efing doftn, giW eft'p efing nhfin vft t l chflc efing doftn dft phai dfi'u tranh b i n bi vfi chtfp nhfin nWlu hy sinh, tfi'n thtft Quyin cfing doftn lft mft s i n p h i m e i a t i l n bf xa hfi, cua vftn mmh song v i n cdn nWlu hfn chi vife thfla nhfin vft thyc tW mft c&ch tfl nWIn, ty dfng, eho d i lft bfi canh e i a nhft nfldc pb&p quyin Q u y i n cong d o a n cua ngfldi lao dong or Vift N a m h i e n O Vift Nam, b i n Hiln ph&p diu tign c i a Nhft nUde Vift Nam D&n ehu cfing hoft Hiln ph&p 1946, Dilu 10 da ghi nhfn "Cfing dfin Vift Nam d quyin: ty ngfin lufn; ty xutft bin; ty t l chic vft hfi hpp; ty tin ngfldng "; Dilu thii stf 11-2011 VUANHDIjrc 151 Sfte lfnh d 29/SL ngfty 12/3/1947 eia Tuy nWen, btfn eanfa nfaiing kit qua da Chi tjeh ehinh pfai Vift Nam d&n cfai d n g dft dUde, viec tfaye Wen quyin cfing doftn fafia quy djnfa v l vifc Iftm dng, gifla e&e cfai cia ngufi lao dfng c&c doanh ngWep nhfin, ngufi Viet Nam hay ngufi ngofi d Viet Nam Wen vin d n nWlu btft qufib vft cac cfing nh&n Vift Nam Iftm tfi d p Diln hinfa lft c&c tinfa faufiig sau d&y: d e xudng ky nghf, faim md, tiifldng film NWlu cfai doanfa ngWfp tim mpi c&cfa vft d c nfaft Iftm ngfal ty cung quy finfane tr&nh, tii hoan, kfafing tfo dilu Wfn dl "Cfing doftn lft nhflng doftn till l&p muc ngufi lao dpng tfaye Wfn quyin gia nfafp, dfch di bio vf quyin lfi cia d n g nhfin vl Ifp cfing doftn Theo B&o c&o sd kit phfldng fifn nghl ngWfp" n i a nWfm ky thuc Wfn Choang trinh TbI nfaung vifc tfafla nfa&n quyin d n g pfidt triin dodn viin giai doqn 2013-2018 doftn Hiln pfa&p, ph&p luft vft Wgn cia Ting Lien doftn Lao dpng Vigt Nam, tfaye fafia quyin dfi trgn tfaye tl, khfing din tfafi dilm 31/5/2016 mfi cfi 40113 pfaii lie nfto cung tie tfafi vft tnmg kWt d n g doftn Cd sd dupc tfaftnfa Ifp d kfau vflc Tfaye t l eia tfatf gidi trflde dfiy vft eia Vift ngofti Nfaft nfldc«, cWIm ty If 12% stf cfic Nam gin dfiy x&c nfafn filu dfi doanfa ngWfp dfi dfing ky Wnfa doanfa vft Dl bio dam quyin efing doftn eia ngufi dangfaoft dpng Sy ein trd g&y kfafi khftn lao dfng, Nhft nude Vift Nam da ban hftnh cia e h i doanh ngWfp vfi vifc tfaye tfai nWlu vftn bin ph&p W&t nbu e&e Hiln quyin cong doftn lfi diln bfing nhilu ph&p 1957; 1980; 1992; 2013; Bfi W&t Lao faWfa tfafle bifn pb&p kh& tmfa vi Vi vfy, dfng 1994 (dupe s i a dfi bl sung nftm rft't kfafi cfao vife x i ly tfaeo quy dmfa cia 2002, 2006, 2013); Luft Cfing doftn 1957 pfa&p luft 1990, 2012 vft nWlu vfln bin ph&p Wat NWlu td cfaic d n g doftn cd sd, khfic Dilu 25 Hiln phap 2013 gW nhftn: Wiufin kfai cia mfit t l cfaic nfafit lft "Cfing dan cfi quyin ty ngfin lufin, tu Tfing Lign doftn lao dfng Vift Nam, dft b&o eW tilp cfn tiidng tin, bfi faop, lfp dupetiiftnfalfp nfaung Wfu qui faoft dfng hfi, bilu tinh Vife thye Wfn cac quyin cfafla ttft, quyin dfi difn cia efing doftn nfiy phfip Wft quy djnh" mang tmh Wnh thie, quyin dai fifn Cd thi nfii bf thfi'ng vfln bin pb&p Wft viec ky tiioi Udc lao dfing tfp thi cdn gftp vl quyin e i a ngufi lao dfing, quyin efing Wifi kfaftn; efatft lupng vft Wfu qui faoat dofin dupe Wnfa tfaftnfa sdm vft tfaudng dfng dfl difn cfaua eao efaUa phfit fauy vfi xuyen dupe s i a dli, bl sung cho pfafl fapp, tfal Wfn tfi vW t d lft ngufi "duy nfaft't" dfi dft tfo faftnfa lang pfa&p ly cfao ngufi lao fifn efao efing nfafin lao dfng; doanfa dfng thyc Wfn quyin cfing doftn eua ngWfp cfi Tfada Udc lao dpng tfp tfal minfa tefin tft't c i c&c mftt: quyin tfaftnfa khu vye ngofti qufib doanfa d ty If tfafip* ô - XS