Tap ehi sd 16, flifag 02-2016, tnrtag Dai hoc TJv N„,yS., I,S,SN 1859^611 T H U C T R N G N G H E O T ^ XA DAK SOM, m i Y t N DAK G L O N G T I N H DAK N O N G Ngjy tato bii- 20/12/2015; Ngiy phfa bien thdng qua: 08/01/2016- P h a m Viin T r u d n g ' Bui Ngpc T a n ' Nguyin T h a n h P h i n m g ' N g i y duyjl dang: 15/01/2016 TOM TAT BiivictsudungdulieudupeUiuIhapUidngqnakitqujdiiutraMlbA - „- c • , , , • ngheo theo eh, tifa cua Ngin htog flii gidi i p d i g cho Vie N ^ ' ! ' ^ r , ? ' " " ^ va cfa cu v t o chuto de dinh g,4 thue trang ngheo v4 g!i y efc chita sfah i L ^ h l T x T l S l o T N - H' " ^ T - '"-'•' tato cuatita trang niy din.djcdiLie,st0sss:ng:^:r:^r Tir khda; Ngheo 1, M(J DAU te dan gian, chu y j u 14 ndng, Ijm ngta jp tttoh d j , Ting tradng kinh t i v i su binh ding ttong cac canhtae eon thu cdng, lac hju, Iy ttpng nong, lam van de kinh te - xa hdi Ihudng khdng ddng htoh nghiep ehljm k h o t a g 60% fliu nhjp ciia cua tofa cung Vi vjy, dang sau taung Ihtoh q u i v j hiiyen (Phdng Lao dpng Thuong b i t a Xa hpi D i k kita te Ihi xa hdi cua nhiju q u i e gia eung dang G long, 2012) phai doi rail vol nhung ngoai tic tteu cue eua qua Xa Dak Som 14 mpi xa ngheo cua huyJn D i k t n t a ting trutag v4 mdt ttong nhung ngoai t i c G long, noi m i ly le hd nghio Uieo thu taip vln dupe hau hJI cic qude gia quan tJm raa d l nhfa thay la viec phfa hda gifa nghfa ViJt Nam edn lmi vdi ttfa % frong ly | j hd ngheo l i cong tac glim ngheo vln ludn la muc flfa quan ngum dan lpc thiju sd len tdi % (UBND x i va luta dupc long ghep vdi cie chmh saeh Dak Som, 2014) Do dd, viee d i t a gia Uipc tt,ng kita te - x i hpi Chtah vi vay ttong tattng nam nghio va xac djta cfa yfa ,d Ue dpng d i n giim qua ngoai nhttng Ihtah tun v i tang frutag kmh ngheo thdi gian qua cd vai frd quan ttpng d i c, Chung tt, c t a g ludn dupc Ihi gidi danh gia eao Irong eong tic giam ngheo "h?tdr "'"''' """^ '^ ^''" "^'''° """S * * B e n c a t a n h t a g thfah c t a g khdng thi phii nhfa, cong lie giim nghfa dang va se phii dii m i l Zt'TX"^' ""^ """' •"*• ^™ »*P '- kh ngum ngheo hifn gid tjp Imng d ndng flidn ehu yeu p cac vung sfa, v t a g xa, die biet cic din tdc Mpc tifa bii viit (i) ditai g i i flipc ttang ngheo (I.) phan Iieh eac yen td ca bfa t i c djng d i n nghfa va Ou) thao lujn v i dua khuyin nghj, 2, P H i r O N G P H A P N G H I E N CUTJ Phuong phap fliu thap s i lieu: bit viit su dung ca so heu so cap v i ihu ejp, sd lifa thu ejp ting 20 (WB, 2012) ly le ngheo c i nude dang giim hap tu bao cao ciia xa v i cfa e o quan ed lien quan Cham dan die biel la ngudi ding bto din foe ffl eon so lieu so cap dupc Ihu Uiap nl phiiu diiu tra tt^a CO rai ,1 su Ihay ddi ttong khoang ciich ngheo v i theo phuong phap chpn m i u nglu taifa vdi 150 ra, Ifa h„ ed tae vua, qua d u p c ' n g u t a g t h Y o Ph.cu CO ptaeu khdng phd hpp, dp dd ngtajn Tay Nguyen duoc dfah gia li mdt ttong nhung CPU ehl su dung 141 phieu d l phan Iieh, vun^ ngheo nha, ttong ca nude va li nm ta'p I r ^ ' PhuOTig phip phto tieh: bit vijt su dpng nh eu nguoi dfa tpe thieu s i smh sing, Huydn D S phuong phap thdng k j md t i v i lhdng ke so stoh va phan td Ihdng k j , Cd 3°/?xrih - ' Tdien - " ""^ ' "biel ^ khd '''^'- khto' ' °4/7 " S xa « CO 3/7 xa Ihuoc xa die Bao cto su dung chuin nghep 14 653 nghta ding/ tyrttfa5;rr'"''^''^"^^^°^-'^"h'^- ngiim/Ihang, diy li chufa nghfa dua trfa cta tteu binh quan dau ngudi dupe Ngto hing T h i gidi di ty lc tten / dan so toin huyfa Co ciu nin kinh xuat de tita toto ngheo chp Vijt Nam (WB 2012) ThS_ Khoa K,nh ,e Tnrdng Da, hoc Tdy Nguyen n s Tnrng ,a,n Phd, ,r,in Ndng thdn Toy Nguyin Tac g,a hen hf- Pham Vdn Tnrdng DT 097551517,: 104 Emad: van,n.ong36®gma,l.com Tap Chl so 16, thang 02-2016 tnrdng Pai hoc Tay Nguyen Cac chi tieu danh gii Hnh trang ngteo: so ho ngheo, ty Ie ngheo, khoang cdch ngheo, binh phuong khoang each ngheo (Nguy&i Trong Hoai, 2010) KET QUA VA THAO LU^JV 3.1 Thtrc frang ngheo tai xd Bdk Som Theo ket qua dieu tra co the nhan thay rang muc chi tieu binh quan Hen dau nguoi ciia xa kha thip, binh quan dat 740 nghin dSng/nguoi/thang Bang I M6t so chi tieu p h a n Cfai tieu Ho ngheo Chi tieu bmh quan hp (tr.d) So hp (hp) Tyle(%) ISSN 1859^611 Can cu theo chuan ngheo duac tinh theo chi tieu ciia Ngan hang the gidi ap dung cho Viet Nam ia 653 nghin dong/ngudi/thang, 141hpdi6utra CO 75 hp ngheo tue ty Ie ho ngheo chi^m 53,19%, muc chi tieu bmh quan d^u ngudi tren thang ciia nhom hp ngheo la 390 nghin dfing va ciia n h d m h p khong ngheo la 1.130 nghin ddng, cao gan gap lin chi tieu ctia ngudi ngheo, Nhir vgy guy mo hg ngheo cua xd cdn khd cao anh q u y mo vk mirc ngheo K h o n g ngheo Chung 0,39 1,13 0,74 75 66 141 53,19 46,81 100,00 Khoang each ngheo (%) 21,32 Bmh phuang khoang each ngheo (%) 10,71 Ingheo s ^va hbmh i n1t phuang T Jkhoang ? ' ' " "each ' ' " ^neheo, ^ " " ^ ''"'' phuang khoang each ngheo, Hai Hai chi ueu cho biet su thi6u hut trung bmh chl tieu (thu nhap) ciia hp ngheo so vdi nguong ngheo Neu hai ehi s6 cang ldn thi miic thieu hut trung binh chi tieu (thu nhap) ciia ho ngheo so vdi ngudng ngheo cang cao Theo k6t qua tmh toan thi khoing each ngheo va bmh phuang khoang each ngheo lln luot la 21,32% va 10,71%, diiu ndy cho ihay muc ngheo hav khoang cdch ngheo cua xa cSng khong qud caa ' 3.2 Phan tich cdc yiu to tdc dgng din dnh trang ngheo Ngheo Sd hd Thanh phan dan lpc ciia chl hd Kmh 9,33 Dan tpc tai ehd 31 41.33 (%) Dfa tpc khic 37 Trinh dp hpc van cda hp Khdng biil ebu 11 Tieu hoc 32 THCS 12 THPT TC, CD, DH Chung Ngudn 75 '^^'^ rhn ^ ^ "Ai„ ' * „^ ,6 ^ ^^ A ^^^ ^ t i ben ho' ,tinh „ „ cua - dinh cho d^n su tac ddng eac ygu t6• ben ngoai O ndi dung bai vidt tap trung phan tich nhOng yeu |6 CO ban cua nong hp co tac dpng d^n tinh trang ngheo ciia xa la; dae di^m ciia chii hp, cdu tnic hp gia dinh va ngudn luc ca ban ciia hp Ddu tiin Id dgc diem cua chti hg, chii hp thudng la ngudi dua nhirng quyet dinh v6 cac hoat dpng iien quan dka cuoc song ciia hd gia dinh, dd dac diem ciia chii ho la nhdm ydu t6 quan trpng tac dpng den thuc trang ngheo Theo k£l qua phan tich, hai dac diem co ban cua chii hp tac dpng Idn den ngheo la dan tpc va Irinh dp hpc vin Khdng ngheo Sd hd (%) 27 40,91 Ch Sd hd 34 Ty lj ngheo (%) (%) 24,11 20,59 60,78 66,07 20 30.30 51 36,17 49,33 19 28.79 56 39,72 36,00 42,67 10 21 15.15 31.82 26,24 72,97 53 37,59 60,38 16,00 25 37.88 10.61 37 26.24 32,43 11 7,80 36,36 4.55 141 2.13 0,00 100,00 53,19 5.33 0,00 100.00 66 Tinh todn lit kei qud dtiu ira nam 2014 100,00 37 W-l Tap chi so 16 thang 02-2016, trudng Dai hpc Tay Nguyfin Theo bao cao ciia Uy ban Nhan dan xa, tinh den het nam 2014 loan xa cd 1.593 hp vdi 7.221 khau, bao gom 13 dan tdc cung sinh sdng Trong dd, dan toc Kmh chiem 26%; nhom dan tpc tai cho chli yeu la dan tpc Ma chiem hon 32% va nhdm dan tdc di cu tir phia bic vao (chii yen la dan tdc Mdng, chiSm 38,4%) Do dd, dan tdc la mpt yeu td cin xem xet danh gia thuc trang ngheo ctia xa Can cu tren sd lieu thu thap duoc, ty le hp ngheo tong so hp ngheo tap trung chii yeu d cac ho la ngudi dong bao dan toc vdi tren 90% Trong ho dan tpc tai chd chiem 41,33% va hp dan tpc khac chiem 49,34% Ve ty le hp ngheo tong sd ho nghien cuu ciing cd mdt xu hudng tuong tu: ty le hp ngheo ciia nhdm ngudi kinh thap nhat vdi 20,59%, ty le hp ngheo ctia nhom dong bao dan toc tai ch6 la 60,78%) va cao nhat la nhdm dan tpc khac vdi ty le hp ngheo dat 66,07% Nhu v^y, yeu to dan tdc ctia chii hp co tac ddng den tinh trang ngheo ctia xa, ty lp hp ngheo ctia nhdm hp la dan toc thudng cao, nguyen nhan chti yeu mot mat la tap quan san xuat mang n ^ g tinh truyen thong mat khac la kha n ^ g to chtic va quan ly cac nguon l\rc san xuat ciia hp chua cao Trinh dp bpc van luon la mot nhan to quan trpng tang trudng kinh te vit giam ngheo bfin TSSN 1859-4611 vung Hoc v i n gitip ndng hp thu^n lpi vific tifip thu va ting dt^ng tifin bp ky thu$t san xuat va quan ly cac nguon l\rc san xuSt ciing nhu tieu thy san ph§m Theo so lifiu thdng ke, trinh dp hpc vSn ciia chti hp nh6m hp nghfio kha thap vdi 36% chii hp khdng bifit chii, 42,67% chii hp hpc tifiu hpc va ty 1? hp ngheo cua nhdm cung cao nhat, I§n lupt la 72,97% va 60,38% Do do, vific nang eao trinh dp hpc van cho ndng hp co y nghia thiet th\rc dfin kfit qua giam ngheo tai x3 Nhom yfiu td thu hai tac dpng dfin thvc t r ^ g ngheo cua xa dd la cdu tnic hg gia dinh, cau tnic hp gia dinh dupc the hien thong qua yeu to ca ban la quy md hp va sd ngudi phu thupc Quy md ho cang Idn, cang dei hdi nhieu chi phi dap ung nhu ciiu thiet yfiu phyc vv cho ddi sdng ciia hp gia dinh va kfio theo la cac nhu cau ve ngudn l\rc san xuit va vfi vific Iam Khi nguon lvtc san xuat it thay ddi vk vific tim kifim vific Iam trd nen kho khan, thi quy mo hp cang ldn se lam t ^ g kha n ^ g roi vko tinh tr^ng ngheo Theo ket qua difiu tra cd thfi thiy rang so khiu binh quan ciia xa kha cao, binh quan 5,62 khau/hp, dd sd khau binh quan ctia nhdm ngheo (6,37 khau/hp) cao hon nhieu nhdm hp khdng ngheo (4,76 khau/hp) C o cau hp nghfio theo quy mo hp va ty lp hp ngheo tap trung d nhiing hp cd quy md tir khau trd len Bdng Cau triic hg gia dinh vk ngh£o Nghjo K h j n g ngheo Sd hp (%) Sdhp Thea quy mo hp (khau) TuI-2 2,67 3,03 Tu3-4 16 21,33 34 51,52 Til 5-6 25 33,33 19 28,79 Tu ttd len 32 42,67 11 16,67 BQ/hj 6,37 4,76 Theo sd ngudi ph.'t thupc Tul-2 36 48,00 50 75,76 Tu3-4 25 33,33 12 18,18 Td5-6 10 13,33 6,06 Tu ttd len 5,33 0,00 BO/hj 2,84 1,77 Nguon Tinh todn tir kit qud diiu tra nam 2014 Chi tieu Tuong tu nhu quy md ho, s6 ngudi phu thupc cung CO hen quan chat che dfin tinh trang ngheo cua xa So ngudi phii thupc binh quan cua xa la 2,34 ngudi va cao hon d nhom ngudi ngheo S6 ngudi phu thupc binh quan hp chii yfiu d mtic la tir den ngudi nhung ty Ifi ngheo co xu hudng gia tang Cling vdi su gia tang ciia s6 ngudi phu thupc, ty le hp ngheo la 67,57% ihig vdi s6 ngudi phu thuoc ni dfin tang Ifin 71,43% ting vdi s6 ngudi (%) Chung Sdhji 50 44 43 Ty Ij ngh j o (%) (%) 2,84 35,46 31,21 30,50 50,00 •32,00 56,82 74,42 60,99 26,24 9,93 2,84 41,86 67,57 71,43 100,00 5,62 86 37 14 2,34 phy thupc tli den va la 100%) ting vdi s6 ngudi phy thupc tir trd len Nhom yeu td thii ba tac dpng dfin thirc t r ^ g ngheo la ngudn l^c san xuat ciia hp, d^c bifit la d i t dai va phuong tifin san xuat Dat dai la yfiu t6 quan trpng nhat san xuat nong nghifip, d§c bifit \k nganh trdng trpt So vdi cac hp khde, hp thifiu dil se phai thue dat de san xuat, d6 s6 vira tSng chi phi vira tSng riii ro san xuat Chat lugng va Tgp chf sd 16, thang 02-2016, trudng Bai hoc Tay Nguyfin quy mo difin tich dat san xuat ldn sfi lam giam kha n3ng rcri vao tuih trang nghfio ctia hd ISSN 1859-4611 va hd khong ngheo la 2,6 ha, Mac dii difin tich dat ciia ho ngheo thip hon nhom hp khong ngheo, nhien co thfi thay dien tich dit binh quan cua nhdm ho ngheo khong qua thip ma chi thip d mot so hd Ty le ngheo cao nhit nam nhom hp co difin tich dudi 0,5 vdi 80% va co xu hudng giam dan theo sir gia tang ctia quy md difin dit san xuit Dak Som li mdt xa thuan nong, hoat dpng san xuat chinh van la trdng trpt, dd dat dai cang co vai tro quan trpng dong gdp tao thu nhap va cai thifin miic song ctia ngudi dan Difin tich dit bmh quan trfin ho la 2,26 ha, ho ngheo la 1,96 Bang Nguon lire san xuat ca ban va ngheo Ngheo Chi tieu Sohd Theo quy mo dat sdn xuat (ha/hg) Khdng ngheo (%) So ho Chung (%) (%) Tyle ngheo (%) Tir dfin 0,5 5,33 !,52 3.55 80,00 Tir 0,5 dfin 6,67 3,03 4,96 71,43 Tu dfin 48 64,00 36 54,55 59,57 57,14 Trfin 18 24,00 27 40,91 31,91 40,00 Theo gid tri phucmg din san xudt (trifu ddng/hp) Tir dfin 46 61,33 21 Tir dfin 10 10 13,33 Tu 10 dfin 20 16,00 31,82 47,52 68,66 12,12 12,77 55,56 37,88 37 26,24 32,43 Tli 20 dfin 30 18,18 19 13,48 36,84 BQ/hp BQ/h$ 1,96 9,33 9,48 Nguon • Tinh todn lir kit qud diiu tra ndm 2014 Phuong tifin san xuat gnip ngudi dan chu dpng hon qua trinh san xuit qua han chfi nii ro san xuit nong nghifip Phuang tifin san xuat anh hudng den nSng suit lao dpng va qua anh hudng kfit qua giam ngheo Gia tri phuong tifin san xuit cua^ nhom hd ngheo rit thip, binh quan la 9.48 trieu dong/hp, bang mpt ntia gia tri san xuit ctia cac hp khong ngheo Trong 75 ho ngheo co dfin 61,33% so ho co gia tq phucmg tifin san xuit dudi trifiu vao ty Ifi ngheo ctia nhom len tdi 68,66% THAO LUAN VA KHUYEN NGHI Nhu vay, cac yfiu t6 anh hudng tinh trang ngheo ciia xa ma chiing la co thfi tac dong dfi giam ngheo la trinh dp hpc vin chii ho, quy md ho, phuang tien san xuit va dil san xuit Day la mot nhung zm cii khoa hpc dfi tac gia dfi xuit cac giai phap de lam giam tinh ttang ngheo cua xa Dik Som •*' Nang cao trinh ki^n thirc va ky nang san m a t n8ng nghifp theo dinh hudng thj trirtrng cho nong hp _Cac giai phap nfin tap irung nang cao trinh dp kifin thlic va ky nang san xuit ndng nghifip hang hoa cho the he tre, nien ngudi d6ng bao dan tpc thifiu so nhu: tuyen tmyfin vfi tim quan trpng ciia vific dl hpc bing nhtmg vific lam cy thfi, gin gui vdi doi song ngudi dan; thudng xuyen md Idp va khuyen khich ngudi ngheo tham gia ldp tap huin chuyen giao ky thuat san xuit mdi; tang cudng nang luc cho can bp bing each h6 trp cho hp bdi dudng ky nang chuyfin mon, hpc tap kinh nghiem nham nang cao hifiu qua viec ph6 bifin ky thuat san xuat dfin ngudi dan; xay dung cac kfinh thong tin dfi ngudi dan tim kiem va chia se thong tin nhu lap cac lo nhom de mpi ngudi co thfi chia sfi kinh nghiem san xuit cho > Tuyen truyen, v i n dpng thyc hifin k^ hoach hoa gia dinh Quy mo ho co hfin quan chat che dfin sfi ngudi phu ihuoc ciia hp, vi vay mpt nhiJng vin dfi khac cung can phai quan tam giam ngheo la can phai chii dfin cong tac kfi hoach hoa gia dinh, bien giao due gidi tinh, siic khoe sinh san cho tre vi ihanh mfin va nhirng cap vp chong tre hoac sap kfit hon Ngoai cin phai niycn truyen cho ngudi dan, dac bifil la ngudi dong bao dan tpc thifiu so ve nhung anh hudng tifiu cue ciia viec smh nhieu den cupe song ciia hp TSng cudng vii nang cao hi^u s u i t sir dung phirong tien san xuat cua hp Tren dja ban xa da co nhicu hoai dpng gnip Tap chi sd 16, thang 02-2016, trudng Dai hpc Tay Nguyfin ngudi ngheo cd the tiep can dfin ngudn vdn thong qua nhom san xuat hay td tin dung tiet kiem phy nir, nhifin ho trp trang thiet bi san xuat thi rat it Do dd, mpt nhirng van dfi khac cung can phai quan tam giam ngheo la can CO cac giai phap tang cudng va nang cao hieu suat su dung phuong tifin san xuat cho ngudi ngheo Mpt so chinh sach co the thuc hien nhu: ho trp ngudi ngheo nhiing phuong tifin san xuat chu yfiu; gop von doi ung de ngudi ngheo mua cac phuang tifin san xuat; lap cac to nhom dfi gdp von mua nhirng phuang tifin san xuat thifit yfiu cua nhom hay tang cudng su giiip dd giiia vifin nhom va toan xa *> Ho t r a dat san xuat cho ngudi ngheo v^ nang cao hieu qua su dung d a t Difin tich dat canh lac co quan hfi tich cue den kha nang giam ngheo ciia ho, vi vay can cd chinh sach vfi dat san xuat ddi vdi hp ngheo Cy thfi, ddi vdi nhirng hp nghfio chua cd dat san xuat, hoac cd ISSN 1859^611 difin tich it vk khong cd kha nang mua dat, chinh quyen dia phuong co thfi hd trp nhu cap dat ho$c ho trp hp tiep cgn ngufin vdn dfi hp mua dat, hay giiip hp tifip cSn cac nganh san xual khac Bfin canh dd, cting can co cac hoat dpng nhim nang cao hieu qua sii dyng dat thdng qua vific tang nang sual hay tang hfi sd sii dyng d i t bang each xen, tham canh, ISng vu; da dgng hda cay tiong vat nuoi KfeT LUAN D i k Som la mpt xa ngheo thupc huyfin Dak Giong vdi ty le hfi ngheo theo chi tifiu la 53,19%, ty tfi ho ngheo cua xa tap trung chit yfiu vao nhdm hp la ngudi dong bao dan tdc thifiu s6 Kfit qua phan lich cho thay trinh trang ngheo phy thupc chti yeu vao trinh dp hpc van va phin dan tpc chii hp, quy mo hp, phuong tifin san xuit va difin tich dat san xual Td kfit qua nay, biti viet cung dfi xual mpt so giai phap nham nang cao hifiu qua ctia cdng tac giara nghfio va hudng tdi giam ngheo ben vihig T H E STATUS O F POVERTY IN DAK S O M C O M M U N E , DAK G L O N G DISTIUCT, DAK NONG P R O V I N C E Phara v a n T r u i n g ' Bill Ngoc T a n ' Nguyen T h a n h P h u o n g ' SUMMARY ' Received Date: 20/12/2015; Revised Date: 08/01/2016; Accepted for Publicalion: 15/01/2016 This article has used data from results oflhe 141 household survey and based on poverty line following expenditure of World Bank which apphes lo Vietnam in the 2012 Vietnam poverty assessment, ll is also the suggesting policies for poverty reduction in Dak Som commune The content of this article will concentrate on (i) assessing the status of porverty, (ii) analysing effecting factors the rate ofthe poverty, and (lil) discussing and giving proposals The study results have showed that the percentage of poor household is still high and these reasons come from features of household leader, structure of family and the resources of family Keywords: Poverty TAI L I $ U T H A M K H A O Ngan hang Thfi gidi (2012), Bao cao danh gia ngheo Viet Nam 2012 Nguyen Trpng Hoai va cpng su (2010), Kinh le phdt trien, NXB Lao Dpng, TPHCM Phong Lao dong - Thuong Binh - Xa hoi huyfin Dak Giong (2012), Bdo cdo thuc hten cong tdc gidm sdt gidm ngheo 2012 Uy ban nhan dan xa DSk Som (2014), Bdo cdo tinh hinh kinh li- xd hgi ndm 2014 Phan bien I TS Do Thi Nga KJioa Kinh Ifi, trudng DH Tay Nguyen Difin thoai 0914056482 Email, dothingadhtn@yahoo.com Phan bi^n ThS DiroTigThj A i N h i Khoa Kinh le, trudng DH Tay Nguyen Difin thoai: 0905900503 Email: nhidhtn@yahoo.com Master Faculty o/Ecocomics Tay Nguyen Universily Masier Faculty ofEcocomics Tay Nguyen University Master, Cenier for rural developmenl of Tay Nguyen Corresponding Anther Pham Van Truong; Phone: 0972515171; Emad- i08 vantruong36@gmatl.com