Nhung thay doi chinh sach giam ngheo cua Viet Nam Pham Ngoc Hoa' ' Tdm tdt: Ddi ngheo Id mpt Irong nhiing rdo cdn ldn ldm gidm khd ndng phdt trien ngudi, cpng ddng cung nhu mdi qudc gia Ngudi ngheo thudng khong co dieu kien tiep can cdc dich vu xa hpi nhu viec ldm, gido due, chdm sdc sue khde, thong tin,v.v vd diiu khien cho hp it cd ca hpi thodt ngheo Nhieng ndm qua, Viet Nam dd dgt duac nhiiu thdnh tuu ve xda ddi, gidm ngheo, duac quoc te ghi nhdn vd ddnh gid cao nhu Id diim sdng vi gidm ngheo Tie ndm 2016-2020, Viet Nam bdt ddu chuyen sang giai dogn mdi hudng tdi gidm ngheo bin viing, tiep can da chieu theo xu hudng ehung eua cdc nude tren thi gidi Ddy Id phuang phdp tiep can mdi tien bp han, cd tinh nhdn vdn ldc dpng lodn dien han den ngudi ngheo nhung ciing la thach thuc md Viet Nam phdi ddi mat Bdi viit ldm ro quan niem cda Viet Nam ve gidm ngheo da chieu, ddng thai dua mdt sd gidi phdp nham ndng cao hieu qud qudn ly nhd nudc vi gidm ngheo da chieu a Viet Nam hien Tir khoa: Chuan ngheo, Ngheo da chieu, Chinh saeh giam ngheo Nhan thiic ve giam ngheo ciira Vi^t Nam (tii giam ngheo don chieu sang giam ngheo da chilu) Theo Tfi chiic Lifin Hgp Qufic: "Ngheo la khfing ed nhd cita, qudn do, fim dau vd khong cham sdc, mil chu: va khdng dugc den trudng, dfi bi tdn thucmg trudc nhung su kien bdt lgi ndm ngodi kha nang kigm soat ciia hg Hp thudng bi cac thg chg ciia nha nudc vd xa hpi ddi xir tan te, bi gat ria ngn khdng cd tilng noi va quyln luc cac thi chl dd" (Theo: Ngan hang Thi gidi, 2000: 19) ' ' NCV., Hoc vien Chinh trj khu vuc IV; Email: phamhoa2005@gmail.com Cdn Uy ban Kinh tfi - xa hdi khu vuc chau A - Thdi Binh Duong (ESCAP) dua dinh nghTa ve ngheo ddi nhu sau: "Ngheo ddi la tinh trgng mdt bg phdn dan cu khfing dugc hudng va thoa man nhung nhu cdu CO bdn cua ngudi da dugc xa hgi thua nhdn tiiy theo tinh hinh kinh tfi-xa hdi vd phong tuc tap quan ciia cdc dja phuang" (Theo: Duong Phii Hiep, Vu Vdn Ha chu bidn, 1998: 12) Day dugc xem la djnh nghta ehung nhat ve ngheo ddi Nd mang tinh chat hudng dan cho mfit phuang phap danh gid, nhdn dien net ehinh ygu cua su ngheo ddi vdi cac tigu chi cdn dg ngd vd mat dinh lugng Quan nifim hat nhdn c6 dinh nghTa ndy la nhu cau co bdn ciia nguoi, tiic Id Rhung thay doi nhung yeu to thifit yfiu de tri sy sdng cho ngudi nhu dn, mac, d Nhu vdy, quan niem ve ngheo cua cdc tfi chlie qufic td tir ddu da cd tinh da chieu Bdi, vfi ban chdt ngheo la mpt hien tugng xa hpi cd tinh da chifiu, tinh trgng ngheo cdn dugc nhin nhdn Id sy thilu hut, hay ndi diing hon dd la sy khdng duge ddp ling, khfing dugc thda man cac nhu cdu co ban cua ngudi Tuy vgy, vifie nhdn thiic vd ludng ngheo da chifiu dl xay dung ehudn ngheo theo phuong phdp tilp can da chieu nham bdo dam miic sfing tfii thieu cho mgi ngudi la vdn dl mdi Tuc Id chuan ngheo phdi dam bdo nhu edu miic sdng tdi thieu vd dap iing nhu cdu tifip can cdc djch vy xa hpi co ban (gido due, y tfi, nhad, ) 15 32 nudc tifip can phuong phap ngheo da chieu thay cho phuong phap tifip can ngheo don chieu Cd thi ndi, phuong phap tifip can giam ngheo da chieu la cugc doi thay ldn quan difim vfi cdng tac giam ngheo Nhdn thiic ve giam ngheo ciia Viet Nam bat ddu tir ndm 1992 (xuAt phat tir sdng kiln cua Thdnh phfi Hfi Chi Minh nam 1991 vdi chii truong cpng ddng giiip ngudi ngheo vfin va each lam dn) din cung phat triln theo xu hudng ehung cua thfi gidi Nhimg tuu ciia Viet Nam ITnh vyc xda doi giam ngheo Id mpt nhflng diem thdnh cfing nhdt qua trinh phat triln kinh tl Thanh cfing dugc the hifin qua cac giai dogn khac nhau, giai dogn 1992-1998 chii The nhung, mai din thang 6/2008, ylu la xda ddi; giai doan 1998-2000 la xda khdi nigm giam n^eo da chifiu mdi dupe doi, gidm ngheo, nhung xda ddi la chinh; Lign Hgp Qufic dfi cap chinh thiic Theo giai doan 2001-2005 vd 2006-2010 la xda do, "ngheo la thifiu nang lyc tdi thifiu de ddi, gidm ngheo nhung giam ngheo la tham gia hifiu qua vdo cae hoat dgng xa ehinh (vi ve co bdn da giai quyfit dugc hgi Ngheo cd nghTa la khfing cd du dn, dii ddi); giai doan 2011-2015 ehuyin sang mac, khfing dugc di hgc, khdng dugc di gidm ngheo bfin vung va dfin giai dogn khdm, khdng cd ddt dai dl trfing trgt hodc 2016-2020 bat bau giai dogn giam ngheo khfing CO nghfi nghiep dfi nufii sdng bdn bgn vung theo hudng tifip can da chilu than, khfing dugc tiep can tin dyng Ngheo Tuy nhifin, so vdi cac nudc trgn thfi gidi, ciing cd nghTa Id khfing an todn, khfing cd Viet Nam thudng di chdm hem mfit nhip quyen va bi loai tru Ngheo cd nghTa la dfi (khoang hem nam), nhung Viet Nara da bi bgo hdnh, phdi sdng ngoai le xd hfii giara tu gan 60% hfii ddu nhung nam 1990 hodc cdc dieu kifin nii ro, khdng xudng 20,7% nam 2010, trd dilm dugc tidp can nudc sgch vd cfing trinh ve sdng cdng cudc giam ngheo, dugc sinh an toan" (Dan theo: Dang Nguyen qudc te ghi nhdn vd danh gia cao (Valerie Anh, 2015) Theo khai nifim nay, ngheo Kozel,2013) dugc ludng khfing chi bdng nhdm tifiu Giam ngheo da chifiu theo quan niem chi thu nhgp ma bdng ea nhdm tidu chi "phi thu nhgp", bao gdm khd nang tigp ciia Viet Nam co nhiing khac biet nhat can cdc dich vy y te, giao due, nhd d, nudc dinh so vdi qudc tg, dieu duge thi hien sach, ve sinh mdi trudng va thdng tin Hay tren mdt sd mat sau: ndi each khde, dd la qua trinh chuygn ddi Mot la, ngheo da chidu ben virng theo tir giara ngheo don chidu (dya vdo chuan ngheo vg thu nhdp) sang giam ngheo da quan niem ciia qufic tg dya trgn nin tang chilu bgn vung Cho dgn nay, da cd trgn phdi bao dam nhu cau muc sdng tfii thilu cua ngudi ngheo, khdng ciii ve thu nhgp ma Thong hn Khoa hoe xa hoi sd 3.2017 bao gfim ca dap img cac nhu cau ve dich vu xa hoi CO ban Chudn ngheo cua Viet Nam cho din giai doan 2011-2015 chua tiep cgn dugc mirc sdng tfii thieu va chuan ngheo vl thu nhap giai doan 2016-2020 da tilp can da chifiu cung chua bao dam muc sdng tfii thieu (mdi dam bao 70%) Hai let chuan ngheo da chieu theo quan niem quoc te mirc thu nhgp da bao dam nhu cau miic sdng toi thieu thi chi tinh din thieu hut cac djch vu xa hpi CO ban va chuan la thieu hut 1/3 cac nhu cdu xa hgi ca ban Viet Nam chua Ihl bo chudn ngheo ve thu nhap chua bao dam miic song ldi thieu Ve nhu cau xa hdi CO ban, giam ngheo trudc niim 2015 d Viet Nam luy da co chinh sach trg giup ngudi ngheo ve liep can cac dich vu xa hpi ca ban nhimg chua dira vao ket cau chuan ngheo c6 linh da chieu Ba Id ludng ngheo theo phuong phap liep can da chieu cua qudc te nham ludng mirc thieu hut ve nhu cau xa hgi ca ban theo cac chieu vdi cac lieu chi co tinh chdt phfi quat UNDP dua chieu- y te vdi lieu chi, giao due vdi lieu chi va dicu kien song vdi 10 tieu chi ve phiic lgi xa hoi, nhung ddi vdi mdi nudc co the dira cac chieu vdi cac lieu chi khac Chang han, Viet Nam dua chieu canh ngheo (giao due y tc: nha d; dieu kien song; tiep can thong tin) va 10 chi so ludng mirc dp thieu hut ngheo da chieu Bon Id ludng ngheo da chieu ihco phuang phap ludng ciia qudc le chu yeu de danh gia tinh trang ngheo da chieu ciia qudc gia co the so sanh vdi quoc le chinh sach ho trg cho ngudi ngheo la theo chinh sach an sinh xa hgi va phiic lgi xa hoi luy nhien, ddi vdi Viel Nam van phai xay dung chuan ngheo da chieu de cd chinh sach ho Ira true ticp cho ngudi ngheo Chuong trinh Vluc tieu qudc gia giam ngheo da chieu (xac dinh hp ngheo, hg can ngheo) CJ Viel Nam, trudc day each ludng va danh gia ngheo chii yeu Ihdng qua thu nhap Chuan ngheo duge xac djnh dua tren mirc chi lieu dap img iihung nhu cau ldi thieu va dugc quy (hanh lien Neu ngudi CO Ihu nhap ihap dudi muc chuan ngheo thi dugc danh gia thudc dien hg ngheo Day chlnh la chuan ngheo dan chilu Chinh phii quy djnh Tuy nhien, chudn ngheo hien cita Viet Nam dugc danh gia ia thap so vdi the gidi Tren Ihuc ll, nhilu hg dan thoat ngheo nhung mirc thu nhap van nam can chuan ngheo, do sd lugng ho can ngheo van rat ldn, ty le tai ngheo cdn cao, hang nam cir hfi thoal ngheo thi lai c6 ho so lai ngheo Bao cao long ket mgt so van de ly luan ihuc lien qua 30 nam ddi mdi (1986-2016) da khdng djnh: "Thdi gian qua, cdng lac giam ngheo thieu ben virng Chua hinh ihanh co che ddng bd ve giam ngheo da chieu, da muc lieu Nhieu chinh sach an sinh xa hgi va giam ngheo chdng cheo va chong cheo vdi cac chinh siich khac" (Dang Cgng san Viel Nam, 2015- 114), Theo danh gia ciia nhieu chuyen gia va ca thuc le cung cho thay, su dung lieu chi thu nhap de ludng ngheo doi la khdng day dil Vc ban chat, ngheo doi ddng nglua vdi viec bi khudc tir cac quyen co ban ciia ngudi, bi day sang !e xa hgi chu khdng chi la thu nhap thap Co nhieu nhu cau ldi thieu kliong the dap ung bang lien Nhicu Irudng hop khong ngheo vc thu nhap nhung lai khd liep can dugc cac dich \ u ca ban ve y te giao due, thdng tin Do do, neu chi dimg thudc nhat dua iren liui iihap hay chi tieu se dan den linh trang bo sdt ddi tugng ngheo dan den su thieu cdng bang, hieu qua va ben vCing thuc thi cac chinh sach sziam nglico Wiung fhay ddi De hien thuc hda budc chuygn ve gidm nghdo da chilu, Nghi quyet sfi 15NQ/TW Hgi nghj Idn thir Ban Chdp hanh Trung uang Dang Cong san Viet Nam khoa XI v l chinh sach xa hdi giai dogn 2012-2020 da dl nhiem vy bao ddm an sinh xa hdi, chii trgng dfin vific ldm, bao hiem xa hpi, trg giiip xd hgi cho nhijng ddi tugng cd hodn canh dac biet khd khdn, dfing bdo ddn tgc it ngudi, bdo dam miic tdi thifiu vg thu nhdp va mpt sfi djch vu xa hpi co bdn nhu kham chu'a bfinh, hgc hdnh, nha d, nudc sgch, thfing tin, truyen thfing Dfing thdi, de thyc hifin myc tieu giam ngheo hieu qua, ky hpp thii Qudc hdi khda 13 da thdng qua Nghi quyet sd 76/2014/QH13 vg vigc ddy manh thyc hien myc tigu giam ngheo bgn vflng den nam 2020, ngu rfi; "Xdy dyng chuan ngheo mdi theo phuang phap tiep can da chieu nham bao dam miic sfing tfii thifiu vd dap iing cac djch vy xa hpi co ban" Quygt djnh sfi 2324/QD-TTg ngdy 19/12/2014 cua Thu tudng Chinh phii ban hdnh kfi hoach hanh dfing trien khai Nghi quylt sd 76/2014/QH13 cua Qudc hgi da xdc djnh ro nhiem vy nghien ciiu xay dyng dfi an tdng thd vfi dfii mdi phuang phap tifip can ngheo ddi d Viet Nam tir dan chieu sang da chifiu Tiep do, ngdy 15/9/2015, Thil tudng Chinh phii da ky quylt dinh sfi 1614/QD-TTg phfi duyet D I an tfing the "Chuyen ddi phuong phdp tiep can ludng ngheo tir don chifiu sang da chigu dp dung cho giai doan 2016-2020" Theo do, chuan ngheo giai dogn 20162020 cua Viet Nam dugc xdy dyng theo hudng sd dyng ket hgp cd chudn ngheo ve thu nhap va miic dp thieu hyt tifip can cac dich vu xa hgi co ban Tieu chi ludng ngheo dugc xay dyng dua trfin co sd cac tieu chi vfi thu nhap, bao gfim chudn miic sfing tdi thieu vfi thu nhgp, chudn ngheo vl thu nhgp, chuan miic sfing trung binh ve thu nhap; miic dp thieu hyt tifip can cac djch vy xd hfii co ban (tidp can vg y te, gido dye, nha d, nudc sgch va ve sinh, tifip can thong tin) Trfin co sd chigu canh ngheo, Bg Lao dfing, Thuong binh va Xa hpi da xdy dyng va dfi xuat 10 chi sfi ludng miic dp thieu hyt ngheo da chilu tuang iing la: giao dye ngudi ldn, giao due tre em, khdm chiia bfinh, bao hiem y tfi, chat lugng nha d, difin tich nha d, nudc sgch, hfi xi, djch vy vifin thfing, tai san phye vy tifip can thfing tin Cac chi sd ludng dugc trinh bay Bang Mpt so giai phap giai quylt ngheo da chilu a Vi^t Nam Vdi quan diem mdi ve ngheo da chieu, chiing tfii de xuat mgt sd giai phap sau nham ndng cao hieu qud giai quyfit ngheo da chifiu d Viet Nam thdi gian tdi Trudc hit, can dfii mdi tu xdy dyng va thyc hifin chinh sach gidm ngheo; phdn cdp quan ly, tang cudng vai tro ciia cap dja phuong, chuyfin tir hd trg sang dau tu Day Id difiu kien hdt siic can thifit, vi thdi gian tdi, cac chinh sach hfi trg giam ngheo cdn gdn vdi cac chinh sdeh thiic ddy tang trudng kinh tfi, dp dyng cdc tifip can tang trudng bao triim todn dien Cac chinh sach cdn dugc thigt ke bao dam su thfing nhdt vfi co che hfi trg, miic hd trg gidng dfii vdi cac dfii tugng gifing nhau, trdnh trimg ldp cung nhu bd sdt dfii tugng Viec xdy dyng, ban hanh chinh sdeh giam ngheo can tuan theo cac ygu cdu ve xdy dyng, ban hdnh vdn ban phap lugt, bdo dam tinh hgp hign, hgp phap, tinh thfing nhdt, ddng bd, khd thi cua vdn ban, chinh sach bfin cgnh ndi dung hd trp giam ngheo ben viing Ddng thdi, cd co chg bdo dam thyc hien iiieu qua cac van bdn, chinh sach dd 18 ThPng hn Khoa hpc xa hpi s6 3.2017 Bang 1: Xac dinh ngheo da chieu a Viet Nam Chieu ngheo I) Giao dpc 2)Yt6 Co sdphdp ly hinh thdnh chudn ngheo vd tiiu chi ludng Hien phap 2013 Hd gia dinh cd it nhat t h ^ h vien du NQ 15/NQ-TW Mpt sd vdn dl Ll Trinh d$ 15 tuli sinh tit nSm 1986 tr6 l^ii khong chfnh sach xS hOi giai doan 2012gido due cua tit nghi$p trung hpc co sis v^ hi^n 2020 nguoi lfi dp d y i ^ va thyc hifin giai phap can trien khai theo diing tinh than Nghi quyet sfi 15-NQ/TW Hfii nghi ldn thii Ban Chdp hdnh Trung uong khoa XI; Nghi djnh sfi 76/2014/QHI3, ky hgp thu 7, Q u i c hgi khda XIII; Quylt djnh sd 2324/QD-TTg 19/12/2014 cua Thu tudng Chinh phu vd Quyfit djnh sfi 1614/QD-TTg I5/9/20I5 cua Thii tudng Chinh phu Day Id nhiing co sd phdp ly hfit sue quan trgng cho vific tiep can phuong phap ludng ngheo tir dan chieu sang da chieu ap dung cho chuong trinh giam ngheo ciia nudc ta giai dogn 2016-2020 Thd ba, rd soat, siia dfii, bfi sung chinh sach phdp luat vfi gidm ngheo theo hudng tap trung, khac phye sy chfing cheo, tning ldp; phan cfing dau mfii chju trach nhifim Theo dd, thu ggn ddu mdi, thyc hien cdc chinh sdeh gidm ngheo theo chiic nang, nhifim vy cua cac bfi, ca quan Trung uong nhdm tap trung ngudn luc, hgn che sy chfing cheo giiia cdc chinh sach Giam dAn cac chinh sach ho trg cho khdng, tang cudng chinh sach hd trg cho vay cd difiu kien, cd thdi han dfi khac phye tinh trgng khfing mufin thoat ngheo Dfing thdi, thyc hifin phdn cdp manh cho dja phuong vific chu dgng tham djnh difiu chinh va qudn ly ngufin vfin, trdnh tinh trgng chdm trg, vudng mac nhu trien khai thyc hien ngudn vdn chuang trinh myc tidu qufic gia giam ngheo ndm 2016, lam dnh hudng dfin viec quan ly thyc hien ciia cac ndm tifip theo tren dia ban cd nudcThie tu, phat huy vai trd chu dfing, sang tao, y thiic ty chii, tinh than tu luc cua ngudi dan qua trinh xay dyng, thyc hifin, giam sdt nham nang cao tinh hieu qua vd tinh b i n vtmg cua cdc chinh sach giam ngheo Ben cgnh dd, can ddi mdi tu de thyc hifin cam kfit giam ngheo, nhu tinh thdn Nghi quyet sfi 80/CP vfi gidm ngheo bfin vihig va Nghi quyfit sd 26-NQ/TW ciia Ban Chip hdnhTrung uong khoa X Id dua ngudi dan trd thdnh chu the cua qud trinh phdt trifin Dong thdi, phai chii trpng hon niia dfin vific xay dyng cac nfin tang thfi che va xa hgi cho qua trinh phdt trifin, ciing nhu viec quan ly tinh trgng de bj tdn thuong, khuyen khich sy tham gia cua ngudi dan dfi bdo ddm mgi ngudi deu cd ddng gdp vdo su tang trudng kinh te, thiic day giam ngheo bfin vimg Thie ndm, md rgng co hfii phat trien kinh tfi cho ngudi ngheo bang cdch day mgnh tang truong ndi ehung va tich liiy tai sdn cho ngudi ngheo thdng qua hfi trg dat dai, giao dye cho hg; tdng them miic lgi sudt tir nhiing tai sdn ndy thdng qua sy kfit hgp cdc hdnh dgng mang tinh thi trudng vd phi thi trudng Dfing thdi, Ddng, Nhd nudc phdi cd trdeh nhiem va nhgy ben hon dfii vdi ngudi ngheo, tang cudng su tham gia cua ngudi ngheo cac qua trinh chinh tri vd quyet djnh d dia phuang, timg budc dd bd nhiing rao can xa hgi nhu phdn bifit gidi, tfin gido va dia vi xa hoi Ben cgnh do, tang cudng an sinh xa hdi nham gidm bdt nguy co de bi tdn thuong cua ngudi ngheo trudc fim dau, mdt raua, thifin tai, bao lyc, dfing thdi giiip hg hgn che dugc cac cii sfic bdt lgi chiing xdy den Ket luan Nhu vgy, ngheo da chieu la each tifip can mdi phii hgp vdi xu thfi phat trien cua the gidi hifin nay, tifip can vdi khdi nifim ngheo da chifiu giiip Viet Nam han chg viec bd sdt nhiing ddi tugng khdng ngheo vfi thu nhdp nhung lai ngheo vg cdc chieu canh khac Bdi vi, cai ngheo khdng chi gdn lidn vdi su thieu thfin thu nhap, chi 20 Thdng hn Khoa hgc xa hOi, s6 3.S017 tifiu rad cdn la viec khdng dugc thoa man Bd Lao dgng, Thuong binh va Xa hgi cac nhu cau djch vy xd hdi ca ban Cd the (2015), De dn tdng the Chuyen doi ndi, viec chuydn dfii ddnh gid ngheo tu phuang phdp tiep can ludng ngheo don chieu sang da chifiu la phuong phap tie dan chieu dua vdo thu nhgp sang da khde phye nhiing bdt cdp vd hgn chl cua chiiu, dp diing giai doan 2016chinh sach gidm ngheo hi^n Phuang 2020, http://tuaf.edu.vn/khoa phap ndy giiip bao dam miic sdng tfii kinhteptnt/bai-viet/de-an-tong-thethifiu, dfing thdi dap iing cac djch vy xa chuyen-doi-phuong-phap-tiep-can-dohdi CO ban, timg budc gidm ngheo bfin luong-ngheo-tu-don-chieu-sang-davung Thfi nhung, tinh phiic tap chieu-734I.html ludng cac tieu chi ngheo da chieu nen can cd su chuan bj timg budc trudc DangCgngsan Viet Nam (2015), Sao trien khai dgi tra Dfing thdi, cdn dam bao cdo tong ket mpt sd van de ly lugn tinh khach quan viec thu thdp, xur ly, thuc tien qua 30 nam doi mdi (1986tinh toan, tfing hgp va bao cao cac tifiu chi 2016), Nxb Chinh trj qufic gia ngheo, difim mdu chfit la xdc Ha Ngi dinh diing cdc trgng sd cho phii hgp He thdng giam sdt danh gia can dugc triln Nguyfin Hiiu Dung (2016), "Giam ngheo da chifiu ben viing: Nhiing dilm khai, van hanh gdn Hfin vdi each tilp can ngheo da chifiu, sy tham gia, mdi va van dung vao dieu kign ciia dfing thugn va tifing ndi cua ngudi ddn la Viet Nam", Tgp chi Cdng sdn (Chuyin rat quan trgng • dicasd),s6 118(10/2016) Tai lieu tham khao Dang Nguyen Anh (2015), Ngheo da chieu a Viet Nam: Mot sd vdn di chinh sdeh vd thuc tien, http://viww.vass.gov vn/noidun^tintuc /Lists/KhoaHocCongNghe/ViewDeta il.aspx?IteraID-21 Duong Phli Hiep, Vu Van Ha (Chu bifin, 1998), Phdn hoa gidu ngheo d mpt so qudc gia khu vuc chdu A - Thdi Binh Duang, Nxb Khoa hoc xa hfii, HdNdi Ngan hang Thi gidi (2000), Bdo cdo ve tinh hinh phdt trien thi gidi 2000/2001, Tdn cdng ddi ngheo, Nxb Chinh tri qudc gia Ha Ndi Le Thanh Binh (2016), "Mdt sfi vdn dl ve cfing tdc xda ddi, giam ngheo vimg Valerie Kozel (2013), Bdo cdo "Nhiing ddn tdc thifiu sfi giai doan hifin nay", thdnh tuu dgt dupre rdt dn tupn^\ Tgp chi Cong sdn (Chuyen di ca sd), WB, Ha Nfii sfi 117(9/2016) Tfing Thanh Binh (2016), "Cdn tilp 10 V5 Thj Thu Nguyet (2010), Xda ddi tyc soat, giam chfing cheo cac chinh gidm ngheo a Malaixia vd Thdi Lan sach giam ngheo", Bdo Lao ddng - Xd Bdi hpc kinh nghiem cho Viet Nam, hpi, s6 133, 6/11/2016 Nxb Chinh tri qufic gia Ha Nfii ... Viet Nam thudng di chdm hem mfit nhip quyen va bi loai tru Ngheo cd nghTa la dfi (khoang hem nam) , nhung Viet Nara da bi bgo hdnh, phdi sdng ngoai le xd hfii giara tu gan 60% hfii ddu nhung nam. .. vfi cdng tac giam ngheo Nhdn thiic ve giam ngheo ciia Viet Nam bat ddu tir ndm 1992 (xuAt phat tir sdng kiln cua Thdnh phfi Hfi Chi Minh nam 1991 vdi chii truong cpng ddng giiip ngudi ngheo vfin... nudc tifip can phuong phap ngheo da chieu thay cho phuong phap tifip can ngheo don chieu Cd thi ndi, phuong phap tifip can giam ngheo da chieu la cugc doi thay ldn quan difim vfi cdng tac giam ngheo