Mô hình liên thế hệ tự giúp nhau của người cao tuổi và vai trò của công tác xã hội

I:!H!£!JlH!g^gg yA C6NG NGHg, Truang Dgi hpc Klioa hpc, DH Hug T$p9,So2(2017) M HINH LIEN THE H | T l / GIUP NHAU CUA NGU'6l CAO T u l VA VAI T R CUA C N G TAC XA H O I Nguyen Van Dong Trung tdm Ddo tao ky nang Qudc te Vietcess Email: nguyendong.sw@gmail.com T M TAT Thanh Hoa la dia phuong di dau ttong vifc nhan rpng mo hinh lien the hf ty giiip nhau, day Id md hinh cham soc - ttp giup ngudi cao tuoi dya vdo cpng dong, mo hinh da huy dpng sy tiiam gia ciia cpng dong ttong vifc cham soc, ttg giup va phat huy vai tto ngudi cao tuoi Hoang H6a la huyfn dau tien cua tinh Thanh Hoa co logi mo hinh nay, mo hinh dupc ttien khai tgi 02 xd Hoang Luu va Hoang Trgch; sau giai doan dau ttien khai, mo hinh da trp giiip ngudi cao tuoi thong qua 04 hoat dfng chinh: Cham soc siic kh6e; ho ttg sinh k^ tgo vifc lam; giai tti - the due th^ thao; ttuyen thong nang cao nhgn thiic ve chfnh sdch ngudi cao tudi Nghien ciiu dupc thyc hifn tgi dia bdn huyen Hoang Hoa 02 xa co mo hinh lien th^ hf ty giiip (xd Hoang Luu va Hodng Trgch), co mau nghien ciiu Id 200 ngudi cao tudi CO dp tudi tCr 60 - 80, hien dang sinh hogt mo hinh lien the he ty giiip tgi dja bdn khdo sdt Tir khoa: cong tdc xa hpi, lien the he, ngudi cao tuoi, ty giiip LMCJDAU Theo thdng ke ciia Tong eye Dan so - K^ hogch hda Gia dinh, cuoi nam 2011, Viet Nam chinh thiie bude vdo giai doan gia hda dan so, nhdm dan so cao tudi tang nhanh chgm nguong 09 tiifu ngudi, chi^m 1/10 dan sd cd nude Tuoi thg ciia ngudi cao hidi (NCT) tang nhanh phan dnh nhiing thdnh tuu to ldn oia edng tde eham sdc, phung dudng NCT va edng tae dan so dugc Ddng, Nhd nude Vift Nam ta chi dgo thyc hifn tir cdc giai doan truoc Tuy nhien, gid hda ddn so eiing dua den nhiing khd khan, thach tiiiic eho cdng tac cham sdc, phyng dudng va phdt huy vai tid NCT [3]; bdi hien ddi sdng NCT ndi ehung, cung dieu kifn thu nhdp - miic song, dieu kifn song ciia da phan NCT ndi rieng, eimg nhieu v ^ de lien quan nhu: siic khde yeu, bfnh tat nhieu, dieu kifn cham sdc chua dam bdo tae dgng ra't lein den ddi song NCT d Vift Nam Xual phat tir yeu cau thyc tiln ve NCT tai nhieu dia phuong, nam 2004 vdi sy tig giup ciia To ehiie Hd tig Ngudi cao tuoi Quoe le (Help Age International Viet Nam Mo htnh liin the hi tu giup cua ngudi cao tudi vd vai trd cua (^ng tdc xa hgi - HAI), Uy ban Qudc gia ve Ngudi cao tudi Vift Nam phdi hpp Hdi Lien hifp Phy nii Vift Nam da cho ddi md hmh lien the hf tir giiip nhau, day la md hinh cham sdc tig giiip NCT dua vdo cpng dong dau tien d Viet Nam Md hinh lien tiie he Id mdt md hinh ket hcrp cae hoat dpng chdm sdc - tip giiip nhieu mat, cham sde siie khde (CSSK); tao vifc Iam eho NCT, thdng qua cdc cau lae bp (CLB) va hogt dpng sinh ke; gidi tri the due the thao (TDTT); truyen thdng nang eao nhfn thiic ve chinh sdch voi su tham gia tig giiip cua Nha nude va cae td ehiie xa hdi, d a i md hinh lien the hf lu giiip da dugc trien khai d 25 tinh, phd [1] Nhu vay, ed th^ thay rang, cimg vdi xu hudng gia hda dan so nhanh va nhieu vah de sinh ttr phia NCT, rat can cd nhiing chinh sach va hogt dpng eham sdc, tip giiip eho ddi tugng la NCT hifn dang sinh song tai edng dong, chii tipng tdi nhom NCT thift ihdi, de bj ton thuong tgi edng dong nhu: NCT cd don khdng noi nuong tya, NCT ed bfnh h i a n ngheo, NCT khuyet tat, NCT ngheo - cgn ngheo, NCT cd cdng vdi each mang nham bdo ddm nhirng quyen, lpi ich hpp phap cho NCT, ddp iing nhu cau ve mpi mat eho NCT Md hinh lien the hf ty giiip da ddp iing duge nhu cau, nguyfn vpng eua so ddng NCT vd mong mdi, nguyfn vgng ciia xd hpi, ed nhiing lac ddng tieh eye, gdp p h ^ ndng cao ddi song cho NCT d nhfeu dja phuong, tiong cd NCT tai dia bdn nghien eihi thupe 02 xa Hoang Luu va xa Hoang Trach, THU'C TRANG HOAT D O N G CUA M HINH LIEN THE HE TXS GitJF NHAU TAI DIA BAN NGHIEN CUtJ 2.1 Lich su hinh thdnh mo hinh Nam 2008, md hinh lien the he tu giiip tai dia bdn huyfn Hoang Hda (Thanh Hda) dupc lap, md hinh tiieh khai tien pham vi xa Hoang Luu va xa Hodng Trach, ban dau md hinh Trung ucmg Hpi Phu nii phoi hpp vdi Td ehiie HAI va Tnmg ucmg Hdi Ngudi cao tuoi Vift Nam cimg voi cae to chiic, doan the lai dia phuong thyc hien, ban dau md hinh meii ldp ehi nhdil cd hoat ddng ehu dao la hogt dpng eham sde siic khde eho NCT ttr ddi ngii tinh nguyen vien D a i nam 2012, sau cd Chuong trinh Hanh ddng Quoe gia ve ngudi cao tudi (2012-2020) vdi dinh hudng nhan rdng hoat ddng eua md lunh, thi md hinh li&i the hf tu giiip phat tii&i them hogt ddng chinh, dd la: Hoat ddng hd tig sinh ke tgo vifc Iam; hoat dgng gidi tii - TDTT vd hogt dpng truyen thdng nang cao nhan Ihiic cho NCT ve ehinh sach Vi vay, hifn md hinh lien the hf ty giiip tgi dia ban huyfn Hoang Hda (gom xa Hoang Luu va xa Hoang Trach) dang cd hoat dpng chu dgo: Hoat ddng cham sdc siie khde cho NCT; hogi ddng hd tig sinh ke tao vifc lam; hoat dpng gidi tii - TDTT vd hoat ddng truyen tiidng nang cao nhan Ihiie eho NCT ve chinh sach nham tig giiip ve mgi mgt cho NCT [3], TAP CHf KHOA Hey: v A CONG NGHg, Tmong Dgi ht?c Khoa hoc, DH Hue T^p9,So2(2017) 2.2 Td chiic hoat dpng cua md hinh lien th^ hf ty gjiip Md hinh lien the hf tu giup tai xa Hoang Luu vd xd Hoang Trgch Id to chiie dua vao cpng ddng, md hinh duge td ehiic d cap thdn dudi dang CLB, moi CLB lien the hf ty giiip cd tir 50 - 70 vien, tiong dd 70% Id NCT, 30% la cac doi tugng tie tuoi hem va ed dieu kifn kinh te kha gia 70% la doi tupng thupc difn ngheo, can ngheo hoac nhiing ngudi cd hoan eanh khd khan Md hinh nhdm fliue hifn myc tieu: Tao co hfi eho NCT dang sinh hogt tiong CLB dupc cai thifn ddi song eiia ban than, gia dinh va edng dong; giiip NCT tdng cudng vai tid va sy ddng gdp oia hp ttong cai thien siie khde, thu nhap va phdt trien d dia phtrcmg [3] Md hinh CLB lien the hf tu giiip tai xa Hodng Lim va xd Hoang Trach dat dugc nhiing edng birdc dau la nhd biel each td ehiic, each huy dgng dugc su tham gia eiia edng dong, huy dpng nguon luc tu nhieu phia va ddc bift ed vai tid quan ly, dieu hanh - dieu phoi eiia dpi ngii can bd, nhan vien giau kinh nghifm chuyen mdn va tan tam, nhift tinh, tdm huyet vdi cdng lae cham sdc, tig giiip NCT Cac tuu dat dugc cnia md hinh eua xa can ke dai: Md hinh ed ddi ngii tinh nguyfn vien tip giiip NCT khd khdn d cgng ddng vd bdo vf quyen lgi cho NCT, mdi CLB ed 7-10 tinh nguyfn vi^n ludn theo sat cac hoat dgng dien tiong CLB Dpi ngii tinh nguyfn vi&i la nhirng nhan vien thudc md lunh lien the hf ty giiip nhau, trueie triai khai hogt ddng can thifp - tig giiip cho NCT, ddi ngu thudng xuyen duge tap huah tiang hi cac kien thiic, ky ndng, ky thuat chuyen mdn de huemg dan, tu van, tip giiip cho NCT mdt each khoa hpc, bai ban va hieu qua nhat Md hinh td chiic cac hoat ddng mang tinh todn dien nhu: nang cao miic song, tang thu nhap, cai thifn siic khoe, edi thifn ddi sdng tinh than qua boat ddng giai tri vdn nghe, truyen thdng bdo vf quyen va Ipi ich, ty giup nhau/ho tip cdng dong cde CLB tgi mdi xa sinh hoat mdi thang it nhat Ian de bdo cao tinh hinh hoat dgng cua CLB va trial khai cdng vifc tiong thdi gian tiep theo Hau het edc CLB Uen the hf ty giiip tai xa Hoang Luu va Hodng Trach da va dang hoat dgng ed hifu qud, dugc can bd va nhan dan tai dia phuong danh gja day la md hinh mang tmh nhdn van sdu sdc va gdp phan eham sde ddi song vgt chat, tinh than va phdt huy vai tid cua NCT tiong edng dong, Md hinh Uen tiie he ty giiip tai dia phuong dupe nhieu chuyen gia to ehiie HAI va eac eo quan chuyen mdn ddnh gia la mdt md hinh loan difn, md hinh chinh la giai phdp hifu qua de hd tig NCT ngheo, can ngheo, NCT khd khan [1], 2.3 Giam sat - ddnh gja mo hinh lien the hf tu giiip Md hinh duge gidm sdt - danh gid thudng xuyen tir ban chu nhiem; hang thang moi CLB d cap thdn deu phdi bao eao ket qua hoat ddng len can bd quan Iy md hinh Dge bift, md hinh thudng xuyen ctr can bp xuong de giam sat, ho tig NCT dudi md hinh; nhdm tig giup tryc tiep va hudng ddn cho NCT ve mgi mat [3] Md hinh liin the'hi tu gidp cua ngudi cao tuoi vd vai tio ciia cdng tdc xa hSi Ve van de tai chinh, ede CLB phai thudng xuyen cd nhiing bao cao ve ke hogch chi tieu, sii dyng nguon kinh phi cua CLB de dam bdo tinh hifu qud va minh bgch tiong md hinh Td chiie hogt ddng dua vdo edng dong, phdt huy duge sy giiip oia cac vien tie hon tip giup NCT, lafy nguon luc ttr phia cdng dong de tig giiip cho NCT tiong md hinh Cde CLB hoat ddng dya tien hinh thiic ty qudn ly, cd ke hoaeh, bdo edo hang thang; qudn ly bdng so sdch; cd tai Ufu hudng dan Ban Chu nhifm gom ngudi [1] VAI TRO CUA HOAT DONG C N G TAC XA HQI TRONG M HINH LIEN T H ^ H? TV GIUP NHAU TAI DIA BAN 3.1 Vai tio bdn chuyen nghifp ciia nhan vien cong tac xa h f i tiong md hinh lien the hf lu gidp Ngudi cao tuoi thupc nhdm ddi tupng can thiep tipng tam cua nghe cdng tac xa hdi, nghe edng ldc xa hdi vdi NCT d Vift Nam cdn kha mdi me, song lgi la mft nghi^ CO tiem ndng va tiien vpng ldn Nam 2010, De an phdt tii&i nghe cdng tac xa hpi duge ban hanh, day chlnh la co sd phdp If quan tigng dua nghS cdng tac xa hdi d nude ta phat trial theo hudng chuyen nghiep, Cuoi ndm 2011, Viet Nam lgi chinh tiuic budc vao giai doan gia hda dan so, nhdm dan so cao tudi tang nhanh va chgm ngudng tiifu ngudi (chiem 10,5% tong dan so ea nude, nam 2014), NCT thufc nhdm doi tugng can thifp tigng tam eua nghe cdng tae xa hdi Vl vdy, day chinh la co hpi de phat trieh mang ludi nghe edng tac xa hdi vdi NCT, nhat la nhiing md lunh can thifp tig giiip dua vao edng dong nhu md hinh Uen the hf tu giiip [2] Trong nghien cihi nay, tac gia di sau phan ti'eh vai tid bdn chuyen nghifp enia nhan vien xa hpi tiong md hinh, dupc thuc hifn bdi dpi ngii edn bd, nhdn vien, tinh nguyfn vien la nhiing nhdn vien xd hdi dang true tiep cham seic - tig giup NCT tiong md hinh Uen the hf ty giiip lai dia ban, dd la nhiing nhan vien xa hdi ehua dugc dao tao bdi bdn ve ehuyen nganh edng lac xa hpi, nhung boat ddng ma hg dang thyc hien va vai tid hp dang dam nhan ddiy chinh la hoat ban chuyen nghiep cua ngudi lam cdng tac xa hdi, Vai tro cua nhdn vien xd hoi hoat dgng CSSK cho NCT mo hinh: Trong hogt ddng cham sdc siic khde (CSSK) cho NCT tiong md hinh lien the hf tu giiip nhau, nhimg nhdn vien xa hdi hifn dang true tiep va gian tiep tiong can thiep tig giiip NCT cd nhihig vai tid nhu: Tu VMI, hudng ddn each phdng bfnh eho NCT; tiang bi kien thirc, ky nang CSSK cho NCT; hd tig van ddng hang ngay; ho tipi tiong sinh boat hang ngay; cap phdt thuoc men, cae dyng cu can thiel '^.^^ ^Hf KHOA HC)C VA CONG NGHg, Truong Dai hgc Khoa hpc^ DH Hue Tip 9, So (2017) Hinh the hien ket qua khdo sat ve vai tid ciia nhan vien xd hdi tiong hogt dpng CSSK: Tir vin, hirong dSn c^ch ph6ng b?nh Trang bi ki€n thiic, ky nang CSSK H6 trp van dfing hang ngiy H6 trg frong sinh hoat hang ngiy Cap phat thudc men, c^c di^g cu Hinh Vai tto ciia nhan vien xa hpi boat dpng CSSK cho NCT Trong tdng so 200 NCT tham gia khdo sat thude dia ban xa Hoang Luu va xa Hoang Trach, chiem ty If cao nhat la so NCT eho biet vai tid cua nhan vien xd hfi tiong hoat CSSK la vai tid "Tu vah, hudng d i n each phong bfnh" (83,5%), d edc cae eau tia Idi khac chiem ty If tuong ddi, Ian lupt Id: Trang bj kien tiuic - ky nang CSSK (59,5%); cap phdt thuoc men eac dung a^ (42,0%); hd tig tiong sinh hoat hang ngdy (22,5%); hd tig van ddng hang (13,0%.) Ccd the thay tiong hogt ddng CSSK vai tid thuc te ciia ngudi nhdn vien xa hdi la nhiing hogt ddng rat thiet thyc doi vdi NCT, tir chiic ndng tu van va tiang bi kiai thiic ve CSSK cho d a i hogt ddng tip gjiip NCT van ddng, nhiing hd tig ben ngodi nhu tig giiip sinh hogt hang ngay, muon thuc hien dupc nhimg vai tid ngudi nhan vien xa hpi can phai la ngudi dirge tap huan nhiing ky nang chuyen mdn ve ehdm sde - tig giiip NCT, cd tinh kien tri, nhift huyet va tiaeh nhiem doi voi cdng viee ciia minh Vai trd cua nhan vien xd HQI hoat ddng ho tra sinh ketao viec ldm cho NCT mo hinh: Tham gia hoat ddng hd tig sinh ke tgo vife lam tiong md hinh Uen the he tu giiip nhau, nhan vien xd hdi ed nhiing vai tid nhu: Dao tao, tgp huah kien fluie va ky fliuat san xuat cho NCT; cimg vdi NCT lap va tiiSh khai ke hoaeh; ket noi NCT veii eac ngudn vdn, phuong tien ky thugt; tham gia giam sat hoat dpng san xuat; cimg vdi NCT danh gia ket qud dat dugc Hinh the hien ket qud khdo sat ve vai tid ciia nhan vien xa hdi tiong hoat dpng hd tip sinh ke tao viee lam: Md hinh liin thi'M tu giup ciia ngudi cao tudi va vai trd cua cdng tdc xd hdi Dao tao, tap Oing v6i NOT Ket n6i NCT Tham gia giam Ciing vdi NCT huSa kiSn thuc lgp vi trien vai cac nguSn s^t hoat dong dinh gia ket vk k^ thugt san khai 1^ hoaeh von, phuong san xuat cua qua dat dupc joiat tien ky thu^t NCT Hinh Vai tto cua nhdn vifin xa hpi ttong hoat dfng ho ttp sinh ketao vifc ldm cho NCT Trong tdng sd 200 NCT tham gia khao sat thupe dia bdn xd Hodng Liru va xa Hoang Trach, so NCT eho biet vai tid cnia nhdn vien xa hdi tiong hogt ddng hd tip sinh ke tgo vifc lam dd la "Tham gia giam sdt hoat ddng san xuat ciia NCT" chian ty If NCT tham gia tia Idi eao nha't veil 66,5%, d ede edu tia ldi khae chiem ty If Ian lupt la: Cimg veil NCT danh gia ket qua dat duge (57,0%); ket noi NCT vdi cac nguon von phtrcmg tien ky thugt (54,5%); cimg veil NCT lap va trien khai ke hoaeh (48,0%); dao lao - tap huah kieh tiuic va ky thugt sdn xuat (42,5%) Nhu vay, cd the thay duge tiong hogt dpng hd tip sinh ke tgo vifc lam, nhan vien xa hdi cd vai tid kha todn difn, tir khdu ddo tao tap huah tiang bi kien fluie - ky thugt san xuat eho NCT den mdng ket ndi huy ddng nguon vdn vay eho NCT va eimg tham gia eac boat ddng thuc te vdi NCT dudi dia ban, ket fluie dua nhimg ddng gdp, ddnh gia, giiip NCT ciing cd dupe nhiing kien thiic - ky thuat san xuat hifu qud, iing dung vao thuc tien hoat dpng sdn xuat cnia minh Vai trd da nhdn vien xa hdi hotft dgng giai tri - TDTT ciia NCT md hinh: Trong hogt ddng giai tii - TDTT cua NCT tiong md hinh Uen the hf tu giup nhau, NCT cho biel nhdn vien xa hpi ed nhiing vai tid sau: Cimg vdi NCT to chiic cac boat dpng van hda, van nghf; to chiic cac hoat ddng tham quan, hgc hdi, chia se kinh nghifm; td ehiic cac hogt ddng van ddng ren luyfn siie khde eho NCT; tuyen truyen ve Igi ieh eua vifc giai tri - TDTT d NCT TAP CHI KHOA HQC vA CONG NGHg, Truong Daj hpc Khoa hpc DH Hue Tgp 9, So (2017) Hinh the hien ket qud khao sat ve vai tid ciia nhan vien xa hpi tiong hoat dpng gidi tri - TDTT: CUNG Vdl NCT TO CmyC CAC HO^T T CHlTC CAC HOAT T CHtJC CAC HOAT TUYEN TRUYEN VE i DONG THAM QUAN, DQNG VAN HOA, VAN HQC H I , CHIA SE NGHE KINH NGHIEM D O N G REN LUY$N LOl ICH CUA VlEC ! StfC KHOE CHO NCT GIAI TRI, TDTT Cf NCT j ' Hinh Vaittociia nhan vien xa hfi tiong hogt dpng giai tri - TDTT eua NCT Trong tdng so 200 NCT tham gia khao sat tai dia ban xd Hoang Luu vd xa Hoang Trach cho biet, tiong hoat dgng giai tri - TDTT ma hp dang tham gia thi nhdn vien xa hdi cd vai tid "Tuyen truyen ve lgi ich ciia vifc gidi tri, TDTT d NCT", day chinh la vai tid gdn vai nhiing hoat ddng truyen thdng chia se ve nhiing lgi ich va nhiing tac ddng tieh cue enia vifc tham gia hoat ddng gidi tri - TDTT, hogt ddng tuyen truyen thudng xuyen duge nhan vien xa hdi thuc hifn tai ede CLB 1-2 lan/fhang Cd the thay rang, vai tid eua nhan vien xa hdi tiong mdng hogt ddng gidi tri - TDTT rat quan tigng, dam nhan tii khau tuyen truyen deh khau phoi hpp cimg veii NCT to chiie ede hoat ddng tinh than nhm van hda, van nghf, giai tii cho d a i nhung hogt dgng tham quan, du lich, hpc hdi, chia se kinh nghifm to ehiic md hinh va to chiie cae boat ddng ren luyfn siic khde cho NCT De fliyc hifn nhimg vai tid ndy, nhdn vien xd hoi phdi la ngudi ed kiai fluie - ky nang, am hieu ve ddi song tinh than cua NCT, cac hogt ddng van hda - van nghf, hogt ddng ren luyfn siic khde Uen quan d a i NCT Vai trd cua nhan viin xa hgi hoat dgng truyen thdng nang cao nhan thic ve chinh sdch cho NCT Trong hoat ddng truyen thdng ndng cao nhgn thiic ve chinh sach eho NCT, theo chia se cua NCT, nhan vien xa hdi cd nhthig vai tid chii dao nhu: Ket noi NCT tiep can chinh sdch tip giup; cung ca'p thdng tin ve cae chinh sach tig giiip; t u van each giai quyet khd khan, vudng mac cho NCT; bifn hd cho NCT gap khd khdn ve chinh sdeh"; tip giup phdp ly ve mpi mat Md htnh lien thi'hi tu giup cua ngudi cao tuoi vd vai tro ciia mng tdc xa hgi Hinh the hien ket qud khao sat ve vai ttd eua nhan vien xa hdi tiong hogt dgng truyen thdng nang cao nhdn thiic ve chinh saeh: 72.5 llllJ Kit n^i NCT Cung cdp thong Tu van cdch giai Bifn hf cho Trp giiip ph ti£pcSn chinh tin ve cac chmh quyet kho khan, NCTgdpkhfi vSmpimat Hinh Vai tto eiia nhan vien xa hpi ttong boat dpng truyen thong nang cao nhdn thiic ve chinh sdch cho NCT Trong tdng so 200 NCT tham gia khdo sdt tgi dia bdn xa Hoang Luu vd xd Hoang Trgch, sd NCT cho biel tiong hogt ddng truyen thdng nang cao nhgn thiic ve chinh sdch, chiem ty If eao nhat veii 72,5% so NCT cho biel nhdn vien xa hdi cd vai tio "Cung cdp thdng tin v^ eae ehinh sdeh tig giiip", d nhung cdu tid Idi khdc chi^m tf If tuong ddi, Ian lugt Id: Tu van each gidi quyet khd khan vudng mac (54,0%); tig giup phdp ly ve mgi mat eho NCT (51,5%); ket noi NCT tiep can ehinh sach tip gitip (48,5%); bifn hd cho NCT gap khd khan ve chmh sach (17,0%) Nhu vay, vai tid ciia nhdn vien xa hpi tiong boat ddng truyen thdng nang eao nhan fluie bao ham nhieu vai tid quan tipng, lir vai tid eung cap thdng tin ve chmh sach, ket noi NCT tiep can chinh sdeh tip giiip eho deh nhiing vai tid nhu tu vah hd tig giai quyet khd khan, vueing mac tiep cgn chinh sdch, bien hd cho NCT gap khd khan ve tiep can chinh sach, giam sdt vifc thyc hifn ehinh sdeh eho NCT va nhirng hd tig mang tinh loan difn, tdng hgp nhu hd tig phdp ly ve mpi mat Nhing ddnh gid cua NCT ve vai trd cua nhan vien xd hot md hinh lien the h$ tu giiip nhau: TAP CHI KHOA HQC VA C N G NGHg, Truong Pgi hpc Khoa hpc, DH Hue Tap 9, So (2017) • Rat thucmg xuySn • Thuong xuyen • Binh &U(mg • Kh6ng thuemg xuyen Hinh Danh gid ciia NCT ve vai tto ctia nhan vien xa hpi ttong mo hinh lien thg'hf ty giup Trong long so 200 NCT fliam gia khdo sat thudc dia ban xa Hoang Luu va xd Hoang Trach, so NCT ddnh gia vai tid ciia nhan vien xd hpi tiong eae hoat ddng enia md hinh Uen the hf ty giiip d miic "Thudng xuyen" chian ty If cao nhat vdi 49,5%; eae ddnh gid khdc ehiem ty If tuong doi, Ian lugt la: 19,0% (d miic ddnh gid Rat tiiudng xuyen); 17,0% (d miie danh gia Binh thudng); 14,5% (d miie danh gia Khdng tiiudng xuyen) Nhu vdy, nhan thiic oia NCT ve vai tid eua nhan vien xd hdi dupc the hifn thdng qua ehinh hoat ddng ddnh gid ve vai tid nay, nhirng ddnh gia hodn todn mang tinh khach quan tir ket qua ma NCT nhan dugc tip gjiip d miic dp nhu the ndo, sinh hoat tiong md hinh Uen the hf ty giiip 3.2 De xuat vai tid chuyen nghifp ciia nhan vien cdng tdc xa hpi tiong md hinh lien the he ty gitip Tir vife phdn tieh vai tid ban chuyen nghifp c:ua nhan vien xd hdi tiong md hinh, tiong nghien ciiu ndy tac gid de xuat hoat dpng CTXH ehuyen nghifp vdi vai tid oia nhan vien CTXH tiong md hinh lien the hf tu giiip nhau, bao gom vai tid chinh: Vai tid van dpng nguon lue tig giiip NCT; vai tid ket noi eae hoat dpng tig gjiip NCT; vai tid bifn hd, van ddng chinh sach tip giiip NCT; vai tid truyen thdng, giao due eho NCT; vai tid tham van, tu van eho NCT; vai tid cham sdc, tip gjiip NCT Nhung vai tid chuyen nghifp cnia nhan vien edng tac xa hdi se gjiip eho mpi hoat ddng enia md hinh tid nen hifu qud va thuan lgi hon, md hinh van hdnh cd daii ah oia boat ddng edng tde xd hdi ehuyen nghifp, giiip cho md hinh khae phyc dupc nhiing vah de ton tai, de hudng tdi xdy dung mdt md hinh eham sdc - tig giup NCT dya vao cdng dong mang tinh ben viing, dap iing duge mong muon, nguyen vgng ciia ddng ddo NCT lai dia phuong MS hinh liin thi'hi tu giup cua ngudi cao tudi vd vaitiocua cong tdc xS hdi mV^Obvia d^nguOn IwcW giflp NCT C6)Vailr6 ^ — ^ giiSpNCT ' (S) Vai alt vin cho NCT nh|a vifn CTXH lrnii|i luS hinb Uf n DoicAchctQl ilqngtivgiup NCT i (3)Vaitr&bien ^ - - ^ giap NCT gUc]d|icd;a NCT Ht«Ij Vai tro chuyen nghifp ciia nhan vien CTXH ttong mo hinh lien the hf ty giiip Vai trd van dgng nguon luc tra giup NCT: Chue ndng: Tim kiem nhung nguon lyc ben ngoai cpng dong va chi nhiing ngudn luc ben tiong md hinh, ngudn lyc ttr chinh NCT vd gia dinh NCT, de tip giiip NCT tiong md hinh, giiip hp cdi fliifn edc van de cua bdn than mpt each hifu qua nhat Nhiim vu: Nhan vien CTXH dam nhifm vai tid trung gian tiun kiem nguon lyc ben ngodi cdng dong, tir phia cae co quan, dem vi, td ehiie, doan the Phat hien cac ngudn lyc ben tiong tir chinh NCT, gia dinh NCT va tiong md hinh Uen the he ty giiip nhau, huy ddng tong hpp cac nguon lyc de tig gjiip NCT Vai trd kit noi cac hoat ddng trgt giip NCT: Chic ndng: Ket ndi va khai thdc, gidi thifu cho NCT dang sinh hoat tiong md hinh Uen the hf ty giiip nhiing dieh vu tig giiip, nhiing chinh sach tig gjup va nhiing tai nguyen san cd tiong md hinh va tiong cgng dong, ket noi de tig giiip cho NCT Nhiim vu: Nhan vien CTXH lam eau ndi trung gian de ket noi eae nguon lye, cac ngudn tdi nguyen, cae dich vu tig giiip va edc ehmh sach tip giiip xa hdi; ket ndi NCT vdi cdc tig giiip ttr ben ngoai edng dong va tir phia eac co quan, don vi, to chirc, doan the de NCT ed the tiep can duge mdt each hieu qua Vai trd bien ho, van ddng chinh sdch trgt giup NCT: Chic ndng: Giiip bao vf quyen lgi cho NCT de NCT duge hudng nhiing dich vy, chinh sdch tip giiip ma Nha nude da quy dinh, dge biet la nhiing NCT bi han che ede chiie nang xa hdi; cd nhiing khd khan, han che ve hieii biet, ve dieu kifn siie khde (siie khde yeu, bi khuyet tdt,,,), ke ed tiong tiudng hpp NCT bi tii chdi nhiing dich vu, chinh sdch tig giiip ma hp nam tiong doi tugng dupe hudng, thi nhdn vien CTXH deu la ngudi dai difn eho NCT de bifn hd TAP CHf KHOA HOC VA CONG NGH^, Trudng Dal hgc Khoa hpc, DH Hue Tap 9, Sf (2017) Nhiem vu: Nhdn vien CTXH dgi dien cho quyen va Igi ieh cua NCT, bao vf nhiing quyen lgi ma NCT nam tiong difn duge hudng Nhiing NCT gap khd khan va bi han che v^ cae ehiic ndng xa hdi duge nhan vien CTXH dgi difn de lam viee vdi cdc CO quan, don vi, td ehiie, dodn the ma NCT thufc doi tupng dupc hudng chinh saeh d ddy Vai tro truyen thong gido due cho NCT: Chic ndng: Cung cap, tiang bi kien thiic - ky ndng nham thay ddi nhdn thiic, nang eao ndng lue eho NCT, giiip tang crudng hieu biet, khd nang ty tin quyet dinh va ed nang lue de gidi quyet nhiing khd khdn cua bdn thdn, de tham gia ede hoat ddng ciia md hinh lien the he tu giiip mgt each hifu qud vd tiiuan lm nhat Nhiim vu: Nhan vien CTXH td chiic hogt dpng truyen thdng, tap hu&i, giao due nhdm tiang hi cho NCT nhung kien thiic - ky ndng ve CSSK, nhimg hieu biet ve ehinh sdeh tip giiip xa hdi, nhiing ky thuat ve sdn xuat (tiong tipt, chdn nudi tiong md hinh), each xay dung ddi song van hda - tinh than phong phii,,, Tir dd, NCT ed the mang nhiing kien tiuie, ky nang, ky thugt dupc tiang bj, d^ vgn dyng hifu qua vao qua tiinh tham gia eae hoat ddng cua md hinh Vai tro tham van, tu van cho NCT: Chic ndng: Tham van, tu van eho nhihig NCT cd khd khan ve tdm Iy xd hdi (vi dy nhu nhirng NCT sdng cd don, nhiing NCT bi tiam cam ), giiip NCT dng phd hifu qud va vup't qua dugc nhiing edng thang, khiing hodng vd rao can tam ly, de cd duge nhiing suy nghi, nhdn thue vd hanh vi tich cue, giiip NCT giam bdt thift thdi vd hda nhdp vdi eude sdng tot hem Nhiim vu: Nhan vien CTXH la ngudi true tiep thyc hifn ede hogt ddng tham van, tu VMi cho NCT, Ihdng qua nhiing hoat ddng giao tiep, thdm hdi, ddng vien nhdm chia se, dong cam vdi nhiing khd khan oia NCT, cimg vdi NCT de nhiing bifn phap tig giiip rich eye gjiip NCT hda nhap cdng dong tdt hon, tang cudng sy fliam gia cda nhung NCT thudc nhdm vao eae hogt ddng cpng dong tiong md hinh Uen the hf ly giiip nhau, Vai tro cham sdc, tra giup cho NCT: Chiec ndng: Cham sde, tig giiip nhung NCT cd khd khan, han ehe siie khde yeu, benh tat nhieu, cd nhiing tdn fliuong lam ly, bi khuyet tdt Cung cap dich vy cham sde, tig giiip va ket ndi nhiing dieh vu ehdm sde, tip giiip ma NCT cd flie tiep can duge Nhiim vu: Nhdn vien CTXH phdi vdi veil gia dinh NCT tiiuc hien cdc hogt dpng chdm sdc, tig giiip NCT tai nhd, nhiing NCT song cd don, hoan canh khd khan flii cung cap va ket ndi cho hg nhiing dieh vy cham sde, tig giiip thudng xuyen hem TCr 197 Md hinh liin thi'hi tie giup cda ngucri cao tudi vd vaitiocua cong tdc xa hdi do, giiip NCT giam bdt nhiing tiiiet thdi, khd khan, hda nhgp vdi epng dong; nhiing trudng hgp NCT cd eae khd khan va han che vg siic khde, rthdn vien CTXH phoi hpp vdi NCT tiong md hinh Uen the hf ty giiip to ehiie cac hogt ddng tham hdi, dfng vi§n, quan tam lan nhau, giup NCT song hda nhiip va thodi mai hon KET LUAN Ttr ket qua nghien ciiu thue tien ve "md hinh U&i the hf ty giiip eiia NCT va vai tid eiia cdng ldc xa hdi" thuc hien lgi dia ban huyfn Hoang Hda, tinh Thanh Hda; tdc gia dua mdt so ket luan sau: Thi nhat, hoat ddng CSSK cho NCT tiong md hinh Uen the hf ty giiip dupe ihuc hifn kha hifu qua, thu hiit duge tat cd NCT tiong md hinh tham gia, thu hiit tien 80% NCT tiong md hinh tham gja Thi hai, hoat ddng hd tig sinh ke tao vifc lam eho NCT tiong md hinh Uen the hf tu giiip la hoat dgng thu hiit duge kha ddng NCT tham gia, thu nhf p va miie sdng ciia NCT cdng dugc eai thien, thu hiit duge 65% NCT tham gia lam kinh te Thi ba, hoat ddng giai tri - TDTT dd thu hiit duge tat ca NCT tiong md hinh lien the hf tu giiip tham gia, sau tham gia hogt ddng giai tri - TDTT md hinh td chiic NCT da cd nhieu thay ddi ti'eh eye ve tinh than, siic khde va the chd't ndi ehung, thu hiit dtrgc 75% NCT tham gja hoat ddng Thi tu, hoat dpng truyen thdng nang cao nhdn thire ve chinh sach da dap ung nhu cau ve tiep can chinh sach enia NCT tiong md hinh, da phan NCT dupc tig giiip phdp Iy, duge gidi quyei nhung khd khan va tiep can ehinh sdeh mdt each thugn lgi hon, 100%) NCT deu tiep cgn dupc vdi van ban phap luat Uen quan den che chinh sach eho NCT Thi ndm, vai tid eiia cdn bp, nhan vien (nhdn vien xa hdi) tiong md hinh Uen flie hf ly giiip duge thye hien rat ed hifu qua, vai tid dupc khang dinh qua hoat ddng tig gjiip enia md hinh Trong qua tiinh tig giiip NCT tiong md hinh, edn bd va nhan vien md hinh (nhan vien xa hpi) da thyc hien rat tot vai tid eua minh TAI LIfU THAM KHAO [1], Nguyin Van Dong (2014) "Cau Igc bf lien thi he ty giiip - Mo hinh cham soc, phdt huy vai ttd ngudi cao tuoi", Tgp chi Mat trgn Ti qud'c Viit Nam, (so 132), tt 69 - 72, [2] Nguyin Van Dong (2015) "Nghe cdng tae xa hpi vdi ngudi cao tuoi, ttien vpng va thach Uiiie", Tgp chi Mat tidn To quic Viet Nam, (so 139), tt -11 [3], T6 chiic H6 ttp Ngudi cao hidi Qudc te (2013) "Cham s6c ngudi cao hioi dya vao cfng ddng", Dy an dieu tta co bdn, Thanh Hoa I : ^ ^ J ^ i ^ ™ A H(?C VA C6NG NGHg, Truong Dgi hpc Khoa hoc, DH Hue T3p9,So2(2017) MODEL OF SELF HELP EACH GENERATION CONNECTION THE ELDERLY AND THE ROLE OF SOCIAL WORK Nguyen Van Dong Vietcess Training Skill International Centa Email: nguyendong.sw@gmaiI.com ABSTRACT Thanh Hoa is tiie local leader in replication intergenaational self-help, this is the model of care help eldaly community-based model has mobilized the participation of the community in caring, supporting and promoting the role of the elderly Hoang Hoa is the first district of Thanh Hoa province with this type of model, and it is implemented in 02 communes Hoang Luu and Hoang Trach After the first phase of deployment, the model helped the elderly through 04 main activities; Healthcare; livelihood support by job creation; Entertainment - Sports; media to raise awareness about the elderly policy The study was conducted at 02 communes of Hoang Hoa disttict with intergenerational self-help model (Hoang Trach and Hoang Luu communes); with a sample size of 200 eldaly people at the age tiom 60to 80 years old, they are living in inter-generational self-help model in Hoang Hoa disttict Keywords: elderly, intergenerational, self-help, social work Nguyen Van Ddng sinh ngdy 10/8/1990, la chuyen gia vS nghign ciiu va giao due 6ng tot nghifp Thgc sT chuyen ngdnh Cong tdc xa hoi tai Tnrdng Dgi hpc Khoa hpc xa hpi va Nhan vdn, Dai hpc Qudc gia Ha Npi (2015) Hifn nay, ong Id Gidm doc Trung tam Ddo tgo Ky nang Quoe te Vietcess 6ng timg ddm nhifm cdc vi tti tgi cdc co quan nhu: Nghien ciiu vien tgi Vifn Nghien ciiu Ngudi cao tuoi Vift Nam (2013); Bien tap vien tai Tgp chi Nghien cihi Ngudi cao tuoi (2013); Nghien cuu vien tai To chiic H ttp Ngudi cao hidi Quoe te HAI (2015), Ngoai ra, 6ng cung la chuyen gia tu van dpc ldp cho mpt sd t6 chiic NGOs nhu: Trung tam Nghien ciiu Bdo ton sinh vat biai va Phat ttien cfng dong, To chiic ActionAid, to chiic Oxfam, LTnh vuc nghiin ciu: Nghign eiiu phat ttiSi cpng dBng, nghien cuu xa hfi hpc - cdng tdc xa hfi, nghign cniu linh vuc gido due ky nang song  ... nghifp vdi vai tid oia nhan vien CTXH tiong md hinh lien the hf tu giiip nhau, bao gom vai tid chinh: Vai tid van dpng nguon lue tig giiip NCT; vai tid ket noi eae hoat dpng tig gjiip NCT; vai tid... lien thi'hi tu giup cua ngudi cao tuoi vd vai tro ciia mng tdc xa hgi Hinh the hien ket qud khao sat ve vai ttd eua nhan vien xa hdi tiong hogt dgng truyen thdng nang cao nhdn thiic ve chinh saeh:... cua ngudi cao tudi vd vai trd cua (^ng tdc xa hgi - HAI), Uy ban Qudc gia ve Ngudi cao tudi Vift Nam phdi hpp Hdi Lien hifp Phy nii Vift Nam da cho ddi md hmh lien the hf tir giiip nhau, day