NGHIEN CO-U THl/C NGHIEM - KINH NGHIEM KINH NGHIEM GIAM NGHEO VUNG MIEN NUI CUA MOT SO DIA PHU^ONG VA BAI HOC CHO TINH NGHE AN Thai Thanh Quy Tom tdt: Chinh quyen tinh Nghe An xdc dinh viing mien nui ciia tinh co vai tro quan trgng ve kinh te, chinh tri, xd hdi, an ninh, quoc phdng vd can thiet phdi phdt trien kinh te, thuc hi0n gidm ngheo, ndng cao ddi sdng nhdn ddn cdc ddn tgc vimg mien nui ciia tinh Tuy nhien, viec thuc chien luac gidm ngheo vung mien niti cua tinh hien chua duoc nhu mong muon Bdi viet de cap den mgt sd kinh nghiem gidm ngheo viing mien niti a mgt sd dia phucmg cua Viet Nam, tir riit nhirng bdi hgc ehg tinh Nghe An de thuc hien gidm ngheo a viing mien nui cita tinh ndy ngdy cdng hieu qud han thdi gian tdi Tie khoa: Kinh nghiem gidm ngheo: Nghe An: mien nui Mffdau hd n g h e o viing d d n g b a o dan tdc thigu sd va mien Viing mign niii N g h e An vdi dien tich tu nhien la 13.747,69 k m ^ chiem tdi , % dien tich toan tinh N g h e An, vdi dia gidi hanh chinh bao gdm 11 huyen, thi xa, p h u o n g , thi tran, dd cd 27 xa bign gidi vdi 419 k m d u d n g bign gidi giap vdi nui la 19,96% (Nguydn Thj T h u Ha, 2017) K i n h n g h i e m g i a m n g h e o v u n g mien niii c u a m o t sd d i a phu-ong 1.1 Kinh nghiem Thu nhdt, ndng Cdng hda dan chii nhan dan Lao cdc cdp ve gidm cua tinh Yen Bdi cao vai tro cua chinh quyen ngheo Dan sd viing midn niii Nghd An la 1.110.812 ngudi, chigm , % dan sd toan tinh vdi h o n 44 Dg thyc hien g i a m n g h e o , tinh Y e n Bai da tang van ddng bao cac dan tdc thigu sd gdm Thai, Thd, c u d n g SU lanh dao, chi d a o ciia cac c i p iiy Dang, K h o Mii, H ' M d n g , O D u Ty le ngudi dan tdc chinh quygn viec t h y c hien C h u o n g trinh thigu sd chiem tdi hon 40%) dan sd cua vimg Theo giam n g h e o ben viing, h u y d g n g tdi da cac nguon phan loai thudc C h u a n g trinh 135, viing imgn niii lyc ciing n h u td chiic t h u c hien v a giam sat, N g h e An cd 106 xa d u g c xgp vao loai xa dac biet d a n h gia c h u a n g trinh; tang c u d n g vai trd ciia Mat khd khan Trong cd b a huyen nghgo la Ky Son, tran Td qude va cac doan thd, su tham gia ciia T u o n g D u o n g , Q u i Phong d u g c h u d n g chinh sach n g u d i dan c d n g tac mygn truygn, van dpng d i u t u theo Nghi Quygt 30a/2008/NQ-CP n h a m lam chuygn bign nhan thuc giam 27/12/2008 cua Chinh phii va 01 huyen cd ty Id hg ngheo, khoi day y chi chii ddng, v u o n len cua ngheo cao (huyen Q u y Chau) d u g c h u d n g c o che nguoi ngheo d i u nr theo Quygt dinh sd / Q D - T T g Bdn canh dd, tinh da t h y c hien chu truong 05/2/2013 cua Thu t u d n g Chinh phu (Thii tudng g i a m n g h e o n h a n h va bgn viing, qua viec ban hanh Chinh phu, 2013) nhieu chinh sach ve phat trien toan dien kinh tg xa hgi cac v u n g n d n g thdn, d a danh nhidu uu tign T y le hd ngheo (ngheo tinh theo thu nhap) tinh N g h e An dgn n a m 2015 la , % ( t u a n g d u o n g vd n g u d n luc dau tu xay d y n g c o s d h a t i n g ndng thdn ( C h u o n g trinh xay d u n g n d n g thdn m d i ) va co 59.000 hg), den nam 2016, ap dung tinh c h u i n nhidu chinh sach tin d u n g u u dai cho vay vdn thoat ngheo da chigu, ty le hd ngheo tgi Nghe A n la n g h e o Tinh d a chu trgng cdng tac quan ly, dieu , 5 % (tuong d u o n g vdi 96.000 hd), dd ty Id hanh, t h d n g nhat c h u o n g trinh g i a m n g h e o Kien PHAT TRIEN BEN V Q N G V U N G Q U Y E N 8, S6 (6/2018) Th&i Thanh Quy toan Ban Chi dao giam ngheo cac cap trgn dia ban vdi ca quan thudng true la Sd Lao ddng, Thuang binh va Xa hgi; bd tri bd phan giiip vide theo ddi, tham muu, dieu phdi thdng nhat cac hoat dgng cua chuong trinh Mat khac, tinh da chi dao thuc hien ddng bg, cd hieu qua cac chinh sach giam ngheo hien hanh nham tao dieu kien de hd ngheo phat tridn san xuat, tang thu nhap va tidp can cac dich vy xa hdi Tiep nhan va sir dyng cd hieu qua ngudn lyc hd trg ciia Nha nuac, ciia cdng ddng dd cac hg ngheo vuon len thoat ngheo Gan lidn vdi qua trinh dd, chinh quyen tinh Yen Bai da tang cudng cdng tac kigm tra, giam sat, danh gia ket qua thyc hien gan vdi sa kgt, tdng ket, nit kinh nghiem cdng tac td chiic tridn khai thyc hien chuong trinh giam ngheo Thanh cdng vg giam ngheo cua tinh cd thg ndi cd vai trd to Idn cua chinh quyen dia phuong Tmdng hgp don cir nhu hai huyen Tram Tau va Mil Cang Chai nim danh sach 61 huyen khd khan nhit ca nude Vdi sy quan tam va chi dao quygt Het cua Hdi ddng nhan dan, Uy ban nhan dan tinh, nhiing nam qua vdi nhidu chuong trinh nhu 134, 135, cho vay hg ngheo da lam thay ddi dang kg bd mat ndng thdn midn niii Hien co sd tang da dugc cai thien nhigu, dudng giao thdng CO ban da di vg dugc den trung tam cac xa, he thdng trudng hgc da dugc kidn cd hoa, cac cdng trinh thuy Igi, nuoc sinh hoat da dap ling co ban budc dau nhu cau san xuat va sinh hoat cua nhan dan Khai hoang rugng nuoc, lam rugng bac thang dugc Nha nuoc hd trg dau tu nen dien tich da tang Ign gip hon lan so vdi nam 2000 dap img co ban budc dau cho nhan dan huyen day manh san xuat ty tiic luong thyc (Uy ban nhan dan tinh Ygn Bai, 2013; Nguygn Diic Nhat va cdng su, 2013) Thu hai, ban hdnh cdc chinh sdch phii hap vdi dieu kien mien nui Cd thd nhan thay rang, dg dat dugc muc tigu giam ngheo nhanh, bgn viing ddi vdi vimg cao ciia tinh, ngoai viec thyc hien tdt cac chinh sach cua Nha nuoc, tinh Yen Bai cdn ban hanh nhidu chinh sach hd trg ddi vdi ngudi ngheo Dd la chinh sach Kinh nghigm giam ngheo hd trg phat tridn san xuat ndng, lam nghiep, thiiy san; mdt sd chinh sach dac thii hd trg phat tridn kinh te - xa hgi ap dung ddi vdi cac xa, thdn, ban dac biet khd khan Dac biet la tinh da thdng qua cac de an nhu Dd an phat trien giao thdng ndng thdn tren dia ban tinh giai doan 2011-2015; De an dao tao nghd cho lao ddng ndng thdn den nam 2020 Thu ba, thuc Men tot cdc chuang trinh muc tieu vi gidm ngheo trin dia bdn Vdi sy hd trg cua Nha nuoc, cac bd, nganh va chi dao quygt liet cua Hdi ddng nhan dan, Uy ban nhan dan tinh Yen Bai, cac huyen midn niii ciia tinh da dugc hd trg vdi tdng kinh phi trdn 6.900 ty ddng thdng qua cac chuang trinh: Chuang trinh 135, Nghi quydt 30a, Quyet dinh 1592, Quyet dinh 167 cua Thu tudng Chinh phu dd diu tu hd trg cho phat tridn kinh tg - xa hdi, an ninh - qude phdng va xay dyng he thdng chinh tri tai cac xa viing ddng bao dan tgc thigu sd trgn dia ban tinh Theo bao cao cua Uy ban nhan dan tinh Yen Bai, toan tinh da cd 92,3%) sd xa cd dudng d td den trung tam cac xa; trdn 80%) he thdng cac trudng, lop hgc dugc kidn cd; 100%) xa, phuong, thi tran cd tram y tg; 100%) xa cd dien ludi quoc gia Viec tang cudng ca sd tang da thuc day san xuat hang hda phat tridn; da giup ddi sdng vat chat va tinh than ciia ddng bao mdt nang cao (Uy ban nhan dan tinh Yen Bai, 2013) Tinh ciing da tap trung thyc hien cac dy an ve phat trign kinh te d viing cao, tir giiip hinh cac viing san xuat hang hda theo hudng tap trung, budc dau tao dugc cac thuong hieu ndng san hang hda nhu vung che, cac viing cay an qua cd gia tn kinh td cao Song song vdi tap trung dau tu thyc hien cac du an, tinh da chi dao quyit liet viec chuydn doi hi trdng Ilia nuong kem hieu qua sang trdng ngd ddi Viec chuyen ddi chang nhiing giiip giai quyet tinh trang thieu luong thyc ciia nguoi dan, mat khac cdn hinh viing nguydn lieu cho san xuat hang hda d ba huyen Van Chan, Tram Tiu, Mil Cang Chai Ciing vdi dd vung phat trien cay son tra o hai huyen Tram Tau, Mii Cang Chai; viing che d Sudi Giang, Phinh Hd, Piing Ludng gdp phan giam ngheo cho ngudi dan PHAT TRIEN BEN V U N G V U N G Q U Y E N 8, s o (6/2018) 73 NGHIEN CLTU THU'C NGHIEM - KINH NGHIgM 1.2 Kinh nghiem cua tinh Thira Thien Hue Thir nhdt, ddy manh phdt trien ca sd tdng cdc huyen miin nui Dg thyc hien giam ngheo cac huyen mign mii, tinh da chu truong diy manh phat trign co sd ting cho cac huyen Trong vdng nam qua, toan tinh diu tu xay dyng 247 cdng trinh giao thdng, thiiy lgi, nude sinh hoat, dd, tang thdm khoang 50 km dudng giao thdng ndng thdn, dudng thdn ban dugc bd tdng hoa Ci cac vung qug, hoa mau cua ba dugc cac thuang lai vao tan vimg san xuit dg thu mua Dien luoi ciing vao tan timg nha, ba mua sim ti vi, xem thdi su de biet them each lam an hieu qua d nhigu noi Don cir nhu huyen Nam Ddng cua tinh, trudc day la mdt viing dat khd khan ciia tinh, vdi dia hinh midn niii, xa xdi, each trd Toan huyen c6 12 xa va thi trin thi cd tdi xa dac biet khd khan, ddng bao dan tdc thidu so chigm 1.628/4.145 hg, ty le hd ngheo Idn tdi 35,4%) (nam 2010) Nhung hien nay, Nam Ddng dudng nhu da mang mdt bd mat mdi, nhung dudng trai be-tdng Trudng hgc, tram y te ciing dugc xay dyng mdi khang trang, sach dep Den da chinh thiic xin nit khdi Chuang trinh 135 C6 dugc tyu dd la huyen da dugc tinh tap tmng mgi ngudn lyc tir chuong trinh 135/CP dau tu cho co sd ting, lam ndn tang phat trign kinh te - xa hdi De co thgm ngudn vdn, ngoai hd trg ciia Chuong trinh 135 va ciia tinh Nam Ddng da thyc hien chinh sach tigt kiem, mdi nam ddi 400 - 500 trieu ddng diing xay dyng tang Dac biet, nhim thay ddi each nghi, each lam cua ba con, huyen coi trgng viec xay dyng he thdng thuy lgi va cac md hinh phat trien kinh td vucm, cay cdng nghiep, trdng rung (Uy ban nhan dan tinh Thira Thidn Hue, 2013) Dg phat tngn co sd tang cac huyen mign mii, tinh khdng dau tu, hd trg mdt each dan trai, nhd vay ma chuang trinh giam ngheo bdn virng va dam bao an sinh xa hgi ciia tinh dugc trien khai hieu qua d nhieu xa, nhat la nhiing xa cd ty le hd ngheo cao Ngudi ngheo dugc hd trg vdn, dit san xuat, ky thuat va xay dung tren 110 md hinh san 74 xuit, trgt, chan nudi, thuy san phii hgp voi tmh hinh thuc te dia phuong Th-u hai khai day y thuc tu vuon lin thoat ngheo cua nhirng ngudi ngheo Cac cap chinh quydn dia phuong da chu dpng tigp can vdi cac ddi tugng ngudi ngheo, nam bit tam tu, nguyen vgng cua hg tir dd nghidn ciiu, de chinh sach phu hgp de nang cao trinh nhan thiic va hidu biet cua ngudi ngheo Ddng vien, khich le nguoi ngheo tir bd mac cam tu ti, xau h6 vg than phan ngheo ciia minh, rdi bd cac tap quan san xuat truydn thdng lac hau nang suat thap de tham gia sinh hoat cdng ddng, tham gia lao ddng san xuit theo md hinh mdi, vira nham cai thien giao tidp cua ngudi ngheo, ddng thdi tao ca hdi de hg nim bit thdng tin ve chinh tri, van hoa - xa hoi cua dit nuoc, ciia tinh va tai dia phuong, tiing budc irng dung cac tidn bd khoa hgc ky thuat vao san xuit kinh doanh dd tao viec lam va tang thu nhap Cac cip chinh quygn dia phuong da lam t6t cdng tac tuyen truyen van ddng, nang cao y thirc vuon Idn thoat ngheo ciia ban th&n ddng bao dan tdc, mien mii Tao tinh chu dgng cho cac hd dong bao, nhat la ngudi ngheo cdng tac tao dat san xuat, lap vudn, rCmg kinh te, chan nudi gia siic, gia cam Cac viing ca phe d A Ludi, cao su d Nam Ddng, Huong Tra, Phong Didn timg budc chu trgng dau tu mang lai hieu qua Khdng cdn canh san pham ciia ngudi dan khd ban, gia ca bap benh giao thdng trac trd Ddi vdi cac ddi tugng ngudi ngheo ludi bieng, roi vao te nan xa hdi, khdng chiu tham gia lao ddng san xuat, thi tinh chii truong thdng qua hop to dan cu dinh ky, qua sinh hoat cua cac td chiic hoi, doan thg tai co sd dg nhac nho, ddng vidn, thuyet phyc hg, lam cho hg nhan thiic dugc ludi lao dong se khdng the thoat khdi ngheo ddi, la digu dang xiu hd, khdng dam bao tuong lai cua em, khdng cai thien dugc cugc sdng cua ca gia dinh, tii cd chi hudng va ddng luc de tham gia lao dpi^ san xuat, co viec lam dn dinh va dem lai thu nhap cho gia dinh de cai thien ddi sdng PHAT TRIEN BEN VO-NG V O N G Q U Y E N 8, s (6/2018) ThAi Thanh Quy Kinh nghifm giam ngh^o De khai day y thiic ty vuon Ign thoat ngheo ciia nhimg hd ngheo cd vai trd rat Idn ciia dgi ngii can bd tryc tiep lam cdng tac giam ngheo cac cap Vi vay, tinh da dac biet chii trgng dgn dao tao, bdi dudng, nang cao nang lyc chuygn mdn, nghiep vy cho ddi ngii can bd nay, tir dd dd giiip can bd cd them kinh nghiem, tuygn truyen, van ddng cho ngudi ngheo vucm Ign thoat ngheo phan phat trien kinh te - xa hdi, cung cd va tang cudng khdi dai doan kgt dan tdc, giu vung quoc phdng, an ninh trdn dia ban Dg cd dugc nhiing kgt qua vg thyc Men chinh sach xda ddi giam ngheo d Tay Nguygn nhirng nam vira qua la cac chinh quygn dia phuong cac tinh Tay Nguyen da chii ddng td chiic thyc hien chinh sach xda ddi giam ngheo tren dia ban Thir ba, tinh tap trung chu vdo phdt triin sinh ke bin vimg cho ddng bdo cdc huyen mien niii vung cao, nhdt Id chii viic thay doi tap qudn canh tdc cita dong bdo Thu nhdt Ddng bo, chinh quyen vd Mat trdn To quoc cdc tinh Tdy Nguyin thudng xuyin to chuc hoc tap, qudn triet vd triin khai ddy du kip thai chinh sdch xda doi gidm ngheo Cac cap uy, chinh quygn tap trung xay dyng kg hoach, chuong trinh hanh ddng dya trdn co sd thyc tg ciia dia phuang, tap trung chi dao giai quydt mgt each co hieu qua nhiing van dg cip bach sinh qua trinh thyc hien cac chinh sach giam ngheo, kgt hgp vdi cac giai phap nhim dn djnh va phat trign san xuat, dn dinh tinh hinh dan cu, khic phuc tinh trang du canh, du cu tren dia ban cac xa vimg sau trgn CO sd xay dung nhung dy an phat trign kinh tg va cac chuang trinh long ghep cua Chinh phii De thyc hien dugc didu nay, thdng qua cac tmng tam khuygn ndng, khuyen lam, tinh da td chiic nhidu lop tap huin, chuyen giao kign thiic vdi bien phap bat tay chi viec, xem day la ddn bay dg thoat ngheo Can bg khuyen ndng, khuydn lam tinh ket hgp vai can bd khuydn ndng, khuyen lam huyen luon sat canh ciing ngudi ngheo dg huang din ky thu^t tham canh, tang vy, phat tridn kinh td, chuygn giao cac loai gidng liia mdi cho nang suat cao, gidng ngd cho nhidu hat din timg hd gia dinh Nha nuoc ciing hd trg 50%) gidng va 100%) phan bdn, sd cdn lai van ddng ngudi dan gdp cdng, gop ciia de ciing giam ngheo Thg ngn, d cac xa Hdng Thuy, Nham, Hdng B&c va A Ngo (A Ludi) da xay dyng md hirih trdng trgn 10 chuoi hang hoa Xa A Ddt cd md hinh trdng trdn 30 cay cao su Hdng Thai, Hdng Ha xay dung 15 phat trign kinh tg rimg, Hdng Thugng, Hdng Trung, Ddng Son diu tu gin 30 tham canh liia nude Md hinh phat tridn chan nudi Ign thit, Ign nai, ga, ca rd phi dugc xay dyng d cac xa Huong Nguyen, Hdng Van, Hdng Trung, Bac Son (Uy ban nhan dan tinh Thira Thidn Hud, 2013) 1.3 Kinh nghiem cua cdc tinh vdng Toy Nguyen Tay Nguydn la vimg cd dac thii vg dieu kien ty nhign, thign nhign va dan cu vdi dia hinh ddi niii chii yeu, nen ty le hg ngheo cdn cao Hien sd hd ngheo da chidu tai Tay Nguygn la 17,24%o (Bd Lao ddng, Thuang binh va Xa hdi, 2018) Thdi gian qua, nhd td chiic tridn khai thuc hien tdt chinh sach xda ddi giam ngheo ndn tinh trang ddi ngheo Tay Nguyen da co nhiing chuygn bien tich eye, gdp Cac CO quan hiiu quan vg thyc hien giam ngheo ludn doan kdt, khac phuc khd khan, phat huy siic manh tdng hgp thuc hidn cd hieu qua chinh sach giam ngheo ddi voi ddng bao d mign niii Bien phap co ban la tang cuong su phdi ket hgp giira cac sd ban nganh d cac tinh, dac biet la Sd Lao ddng, Thuang binh va Xa hgi, Sd Ndng nghiep va Phat trign ndng thdn, Sd Ke hoach va Dau tu, Sd Tai chinh Ban Dan tdc Ban Dan van cac tinh nham tao nen sy ddng thuan viec thyc hien chinh sach xda ddi giam ngheo, Idng ghep cac chuang trinh xay dyng co sd ting tren dia ban cac xa virng sau vdi cac chuong trinh du an giam ngheo ciia Chinh phu Mat khac, cac ban nganh chirc nang cac tinh d Tay Nguyen thuang xuygn so kgt, tdng ket viec thirc hien chinh sach o cac viing tdc ngudi thidu sd dg kip thoi khac phuc nhung khd khan phat sinh qua trinh thyc hien chinh sach xda ddi giam ngheo, cd bien phap kip thdi digu chinh, bd sung, bao dam cho cac chmh sach xda ddi giam ngheo dugc thuc hien co hieu qua hon PHAT TRIEN BEN V U N G V U N G Q U Y E N 8, s o (6/2018) 75 NGHIEN CUU THyC NGHIEM - KINH NGHIEM Thic hai, tap trung van dong, tuyin truyin cho ngudi ngheo, nhdt Id dong bdo ddn toe thiiu so vi chinh sdch xda doi gidm ngheo cua nhd nude Do vay, da dugc ddng dao nhan dan dac biet la ddng bao thidu sd ddng tinh hudng ling, tao ngn sire manh tdng hgp va phat huy cac ngudn luc de thyc hien chinh sach cd hieu qua thidt thyc hon Thir ba, dam bdo vdn vay gdn lien vai su tu vdn, tra giup cho ngudi ngheo sdn xudt vd tiiu thu sdn phdm Dg dam bao vdn cho ngudi ngheo vay, Ngan hang Chinh sach xa hgi cac tinh T5y Nguyen da dat muc tieu hoat ddng tin dung chinh sach xa hdi phat tridn theo hudng dn dinh va ben viing, hudng tdi 100%) so hg ngheo, hd can ngheo, hd mdi thoat ngheo Bgn canh do, cac ddi tugng chinh sach cd nhu cau va dii didu kien, dgu dugc vay vdn va tiep can cac dich vu khac Ngan hang Chinh sach xa hdi cung cip Ngan hang ciing phan diu miic tang trudng du ng hang nam tai viing Tay Nguygn tir 10%) den 12%, bao gdm ngudn vdn tmng uong va ngudn vdn dja phuang Viec cung cd, nang cao chit lugng boat ddng td tidt kiem va vay von tigp tuc dugc thyc hien, vdi muc tieu hon 70%) sd td tidt kiem va vay vdn hoat ddng tdt va khdng cd td hoat dgng yeu kem (Hong Anh va Minh Nggc, 2015) Dd sii dung vdn vay cd hieu qua, cac tinh d Tay Nguyen da chii trgng gin kit hoat dgng tap huan ky thuat, chuygn giao cdng nghe, tu vin lam an, hd trg chgn cay trdng va dau san phim cho ngudi ngheo vdi hoat ddng giai ngan cho vay ciia Ngan hang Chinh sach xa hdi Bai hgc cho tinh Nghe An ve giam ngheo viing mien mii Qua kinh nghiem cua cac dia phuang cd thd cd mdt sd bai hgc sau cho tinh Nghe An Thir nhdt, ndng cao vai tro chinh quyin vd cdc to chuc chinh tri - xd hgi cdc cdp vi gidm ngheo Chmh quydn cac cip phai cd bien phap tao didu kien thuan lgi va binh ding vg kinh te dg mgi ngudi cd dieu kien tham gia diy du vao qua trinh thyc hien cac chii truong, chinh sach phat tridn kinh tg - xa hgi, xoa ddi giam ngheo d dja phuong Nha nude ban hanh nhiing co chd chinh sach hd trg 76 dac biet cho cac ddi tugng ydu the, viing ddng bao dSn tdc thieu sd, viing sau, viing xa cd didu kien dac khd khan dg ngudi ngheo, hg ngheo cd di6ii kien phat trign va thyc su dugc hudng thu thanb qua ciia qua trinh tang trudng kinh te, xoa bd mac cam ty ti, vuon len thoat ngheo Phat huy vai tro ciia cac td chiic chmh tri - xa hgi cac cap (Hdi Phu nil, Hdi Cuu chien binh, Hpi Ndng dan, Doan Thanh mdn, ) viec ho trg, giiip vien cua minh la hd ngheo lam kinh td, bang viec hd trg vg ky thuat, xay dyng cac mo hinh trinh diln, td chiic hgc tap trao doi tai cho, qua phat huy dugc ngudn lyc dd phat trien kinh tg Bgn canh do, can quan tam tdi vide dinh hudng san xuit, tao viec lam cho cac hd gia dinh Thu hai, tdng cudng van dgng tuyen truyen vi gidm ngheo, ndng cao nhdn thirc vd y thirc vtran lin thodt ngheo cita ngudi ngheo Tao mgi digu ki^n dg ngudi ngheo thuan lgi tigp can vdi cac dich vu xa hdi co ban, gdp phan gia tang miic sdng, mirc thu hudng cua ngudi ngheo d cac huyen miln niii Dg thyc hien tdt van dd do, tinh cin nang cao nang lyc ddi ngii can bg lam cdng tac giam ngheo d dja phuong (tinh, huyen, xa, thdn, ban ) va nang cao traeh nhiem phdi hgp giam ngheo bdn virng ciia cac ban nganh tinh Thir ba, cdc chinh sdch gidm ngheo cdn cdn ca vdo thuc trang ngheo ciia viing mien nui vd phat ddng bg qud trinh thuc hien Trong xay dung va tridn khai chinh sach, tmh phai iiy ngudi ngheo lam trung tam, coi trgng tinh chat dac thu ciia tung d^a phuang, timg huyen Trong qua hinh hudng din va td chiic trien khai cac chinh sach giam ngheo can phai nam dugc digu kien ty nhien, phong tyc tap quan dg cd sy didu chinh cho phii hgp Cd nhu vay mdi phat huy tdi da hieu qua ciia chinh sach, mang lai lgi ich Idn nhit cho nguoi ngheo Mat khac, can thyc hien ddng bd cac khau vice thyc hien chinh sach, tir khau xay dimg, ban hanh chinh sach dgn khau td chiic hien khai, didu chinh, kigm va giam sat thyc hien m6i khau, mdi cdng doan cin cd ca che phdi hgp chat che va hieu qua giiia cac ban nganh, doan thg, t6 chiic kinh tg - xa hgi, cac doanh nghiep va cac P H A T TRIEN B E N VO-NG VUNG Q U Y E N 8, SO (6/2018) Th^i Thanh Quy Kinh nghiem giam ngh^o cdng ddng dan cu nham huy ddng tdng lyc cho cdng cugc giam ngheo d dia phuang Thu tu tao diiu kien thuan Im cho ngudi ngheo dip can cdc nguon von gdn vdi tu vdn, ho tra diphdt triin sdn xudt tdng thu nhap Can thyc hien tdt cac chinh sach tin dung uu dai cho ngudi ngheo va timg budc cai thien co ehg cho vay, giam bdt phign va cac dieu kien cho vay de ngudi ngheo dg dang tidp can ngudn vdn tir Ngan hang Chinh sach xa hdi va cac quy tin dyng nhan dan; tang cudng lugng vdn cho vay, dam bao yeu cau tdi thieu cho dau tu phat tridn san xuat ciia hd ngheo; tang thai han cho vay dii dai dg thuc hien dy an san xuat kinh doanh; cho vay bang hien vat gan vdi hudng dSn ky thuat theo phuong thiic "cam tay chi viec" Dac biet can phai cd sy phdi hgp chat che giiia ngan hang vdi cac trung tam khuygn ndng, khuygn lam dg hd trg tap huan ve ky thuat va thdng tin vg thi trudng ciing nhu ky nang lap kd hoach san xuat, kinh doanh cho tit ca cac hd vay vdn Cac hd gia ditih can dugc thdng tin mdt each cy the ve cac hinh thuc tin dung ma hg cd thd nhan dugc Phdi hgp chat che giira Ngan hang Chinh sach xa hgi, cac quy tin dung nhan dan vai chinh quyen CO sd, cac td chirc hgi nhan iiy thac, nhu Hgi Phy nii, Hdi Ndng dan, Hdi Cyu chidn binh, Doan Thanh nien va cac ban xda ddi giam ngheo, td tidt kigm va vay vdn cap xa dd binh xet hd ngheo dam bao diing tieu chuan quy dinh ciia Nha nude; thuc hien tdt hgp ddng uy thac vay von; Idem tra, giam sat qua trinh vay vdn ddi voi ngudi ngheo de vdn vay mang lai hieu qua cao nhat Thu ndm tdng cudng su phdi hap cdc ca quan CO lien quan din gidm ngheo De thuc hien tdt vide giam ngheo viing mien niii, tinh can thyc hidn vide phan cap, phan quyen xay dung chinh sach, tang cudng tinh chu dgng cho cac huyen va xa (ndu dieu kien cho phep) cac chuang trinh, cac du an cd lien quan den giam ngheo dugc trien khai trdn dia ban, nhat la vide xay dyng cac phuang an tao sinh ke ben viing, thyc hidn giam ngheo, chdng tai ngheo Gan vdi phan cap, phan quyen can cd sy phdi hop cac ca quan huu quan Cac co quan nhu Sd Lao ddng, Thuang binh va Xa hdi ciing vdi Ban Chi dao giam ngheo cua tinh ddng vai trd chii dao, la dau mdi thdng nhat viec vach dudng hudng giam ngheo, xay dyng co ehg, du an dau tu, hd trg phat trign, nhat la vg xay dyng co sd tang kinh te - xa hdi; cac td chiic, doan thg, cdng ddng doanh nghiep phai ddng vai trd hd tro cac ngudn lyc can thiet nham thiic day qua trinh giam ngheo nhanh, bdn viing CAC CAP CHINH QUYEN TRONG VAN DE GIAM NGHEO VUNG MIEN NUI GL\1 DOAN 2014-2017 Bang 1: N H A N XET VE SU PHOI HOP G I C A TT 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 Tieu chi Dugc h6 trg cin thi6t qua trinh hoach dinh, xay dung, trien khai chinh sach giam ngheo Su ho trg nhieu nhat la tu Sa Lao dong, Thuang binh va Xa hoi Sa Nong nghiep va Phat trien nong thon So Tai chinh So Ke hoach - Dau tu Ban chi dao giam ngheo cua tinh Ban chi dao giam ngheo ciia huyen Trung tam khuyen nong tinh Trung tam khuyen nong huyen Ngudn: Tdng hap cita tdc gid (2018) P H A T T R I E N BEN V U N G V U N G Q U Y E N 8, S6 (6/2018) Ty 1| (%) 78% 100% 16% 11% 10% 8% 19% 12% 10% 14% NGHIEN CU'U T H U C N G H I E M - KINH NGHIEM Trong td chiic thyc hien cac c o quan chinh n g h e o tai cac dia p h u a n g , tir d d d u a r a miic trao quygn tinh ludn chii y tdi tinh dac thii ciia timg quygn phii h g p v d i trinh dd, n a n g l y c quan ly cua huyen, trinh d o quan ly va kha nang chuyen m d n c a c x a , huyen, nhat la v i n dg quygt dinh va ciia can b d c o sd, tir dd cd bd sung c a che phdi h g p t h y c hien cac c d n g trinh, d y an giara n g h e o tren dia giiia chinh quydn cac cap, nganh va cac tuygn thich ban, thiic d a y hoat d d n g khuygn ndng, khuyen lam hgp, d a m b a o thyc hien xuygn sudt cac chinh sach ciing n h u td chirc nhieu Idp t a p huan, dao tao, giam ngheo cac huyen mign niii cua tinh Hdi ddng chuydn giao ky thuat san xuat p h u h g p vdi d|c nhan dan, U y ban nhan dan tinh cung t h u d n g xuyen digm sinh boat, s a n xuat, canh tac cua tCmg huygn ddc thiic, chi d a o viec scat hien trang giam mign mii Tai lieu tham khao Bo Lao dgng, Thuang binh va Xa hpi (2018) Quyit dinh sd 862/QD-LDTBXH ngdy 04/7/2018 ve cong bi kit qud rd sodt ho ngheo hg cdn ngheo ndm 2017 theo chudn ngheo tiep cdn da chieu dp dung cho giai doan 20162020 Hong Anil va Minh Ngoc (2015) Giiip cdc tinh Tdy Nguyen gidm ngheo ben vimg http://www.nhandan.com.vn/kinhte/item/28246802-giup-cac-tinh-tay-nguyen-giam-ngheo-ben-vung.html Nguyen Dire Nhat, Pham Quang Trung, Traong Thanh Mai va Pham Phucmg Hdng (2013) Bdo cao Nghien can cdc md hinh gidm ngheo ciia cdc ddi tdc qude ti d Viet Nam UNDP, MOLISA, IRISH AID Nguy§n Thi Thu Ha (2017) Nghe An vdi cdng tdc gidm ngheo bin vimg Thdng tin Khoa hoc Thdng ke, Yi^ti Khoa hoc Thong ke Thu Tudng Chinh Phil (2013) Quyit dinh 293/QD-TTg ngdy 05/02/2013 ve viec hd trg co muc tieu tir ngdn sad trung uong cho 23 huyen cd ty le hg ngheo cao duac dp di/ng ca chi, chinh sdch ddu tu co sd tdng theo quy dinh ciia Nghi quyit sd 30a/2008/NQ-CP ngdy 27 thdng 12 ndm 2008 cita Chinh phu ve Chuang trinh hd tra gidm ngheo nhanh vd ben vung ddi vdi 62 huyen ngheo Ha Noi Uy ban nhan dan tinh Nghe An (2014), Quyit dinh phe duyet "De dn gidm ngheo vd ndng cao muc sdng cho nhdn ddn vdng mien Tdy vd vimg ven bien Nghe An din ndm 2020 ", Nghe An Uy ban nhan dan tinh Nghe An (2017) Bdo cdo tinh hinh kinh ti - xd hoi ndm 2017 vd ki hoach phdt triin kinh te - xd hgi ndm 2018, Nghe An Uy ban nhan dan tinh Thira Thien H u i (2013) Bdo cdo linh hinh kinh ti - xd hdi ndm 2013 vd ke hoach phdt trim kinh te - xd hdi ndm 2014, Thua Thien Hui Uy ban nhan dan tinh Yen Bai (2013) Bdo cdo tinh hinh kinh ti - xa hgi ndm 2013 vd ki hoach phdt trien kinh ti - xa hdi nam 2014, Yen Bai Thong tin tac gia: Thai Thanh Qu:^, Th S - Don Vl cong tac Tinh uy Nghe An " J s 78 Ngaynhanbai, 9/3/2018 Ngay nhan ban Siia: 16/4/2018 ,-,,c/',n.c Ngayduyetdang: 12/5/2018 PHAT TRIEN BEN V O N G V O N G Q U Y E N 8, s o (6/2018) ... bien Nghe An din ndm 2020 ", Nghe An Uy ban nhan dan tinh Nghe An (2017) Bdo cdo tinh hinh kinh ti - xd hoi ndm 2017 vd ki hoach phdt triin kinh te - xd hgi ndm 2018, Nghe An Uy ban nhan dan tinh... vdn tir Ngan hang Chinh sach xa hdi va cac quy tin dyng nhan dan; tang cudng lugng vdn cho vay, dam bao yeu cau tdi thieu cho dau tu phat tridn san xuat ciia hd ngheo; tang thai han cho vay dii... san xuat va sinh hoat cua nhan dan Khai hoang rugng nuoc, lam rugng bac thang dugc Nha nuoc hd trg dau tu nen dien tich da tang Ign gip hon lan so vdi nam 2000 dap img co ban budc dau cho nhan