Người hồi cư ở nông thôn việt nam hiện nay

Ngircri hoi cir 6* nong thon Viet Nam hien Le Quang Nggc', Nguyen Thi Thiiy Linh^ • Vien Xa hoi hgc, Vien H&n lam Khoa hgc xa hgi Viet Nam Email: lequangngoc.vilung@gmail.com Nhan 20 thang 11 nam 2018 Chap nhan dang 12 thang nam 2019 Tom tat: O ndng thon Viet Nam, co mgt so lugng Idn ngudi hoi cu hr Kinh nghiem va tri thuc ciia ngudi hoi cu giiip cho hg md rgng san xuat, kinb doanh, nang cao thu nhap, cai thien dieu kien cuoc song Tu do, hg giup cho gia dinh va dia phuang nai hg sinh sing Ngudi hii cu khong nhirng ddng gop ve kinh te cho gia dinb, ma tao nhiing gia tri ti'ch cue cho cong ding dja phuang Ngudi hdi cu khong dam nhan cac viec gia dinb, nhu cham soc cai, cham soc ngudi gia nhung cd vai tro quan trgng doi vdi viec dua cac quylt djnh gia dinh Vi vay, vj the ciia ngudi hdi cu gia dinh cung nhu dia phuang cung dugc nang cao ban Tir khda: Ngudi boi cu, kinh te hg gia dinh, nong th6n Phan loai nganh: Xa hgi hgc Abstract: In mral Viemam, there are a large number of returnees from the cities, whose experience and knowledge help them expand their production and business, increase their income, and improve their living conditions That helps them to support their families and localities Returnees not only contribute to the economy of their families but also create positive values for the local community They not assume family affaus, such as child care, elderly care, but play an important role in making family decisions Therefore, their positions in the families, as well as the localities, are also improved Keywords: Returnees, household economy, mral areas Subject classification: Sociology Ma dau Tft trudc den nay, da cd nhieu nghien cuu d l cap tdi van de ngudi lao dpng di cu tft ndng thdn thi Tuy nhien, nhung nghien cftu ve ngudi hdi cu va tac dgng ciia ngudi hdi eu ddi vdi su phat trien d nong thdn Viet Nam cdn thieu vang Bai viet phan tfch dac diem, ddng gdp, viec lam, vai trd va vi the cua ngudi hdi cu d ndng thdn Viet Nam dya tren sd lieu mpt cupc khao sat xa hpi hgc nam 2015 Tdng sd mau khao 65 A Khoa hgc xa hgi Viet Nam, so 2-2019 sat la 272 ho gia dinh (1.121 mau ca nhan) tai tinh la Hai Duong, Cin Tha va BSc Ninh (trong sd lugng ngudi hii cu nu la 49,5%; so lugng ngudi hii eu nam la 50,5% Phan b l sd lugng ngudi hoi cu d cac tinh Cin Tha, Hai Duong, Bac Ninli Ian lugt la 50%, 45,6% va 4,4%, nhdm tuoi ngudi hoi cu chilm sd lugng nhieu nhat la tft 35 tudi din 49 tudi) Dac dilm cua nguoi hdi cu Dl cu la mdt chien lugc sinh ke cua da sd hd gia dinh ndng thdn Viet Nam Quyet dinh di chuyen khdng don gian chi xuat phat tft myc dfch va nhu eau cua ca nhan ngudi di eu, ma la quyet djnh cua ca gia dinh (nhim cd dugc thu nhap dn dinh va giam thieu nhieu nhat eac riii ro cho gia dinh) [4] Di cu thudng gan vdi tinh trang that nghiep va thieu viee lam d ndng thdn, bdi le san xuat ndng nghiep thudng mang tinh thdi vu, thu nhap lai thap va khdng dn djnh Lam giau lu nong nghiep, di len tft rupng vudn ehi'nb la bai loan khd cho ngudi ndng dan De kiem tien hd trg cbo gia dinh, nhieu ngudi nong dan dua quyet dinh di cu hoac nude ngoai [2] Ben canh dd, chenh lech mftc sdng va sy phat trien d at cfta eac khu cdng nghiep can mpt Iugng Idn ngudi lao ddng cung la mgt nguyen nhan tao nen sftc hiit Idn ngudi dan tft ndng thdn thi tim kiem viec lam Cac tinh, Idn nhu Ha Ndi, Thanh phd Ho Chf Minh, Binh Duong, Dong Nai va cac vimg kinh te trgng diem da va dang thu hut lye lugng lao ddng ddng dao tft ndng thdn Doi vdi ngudi di cu, phd va cac khu cdng nghiep mang Iai nhieu co hdi viec lam va cd muc thu nhap eao eho hg Nhung hg eung khdng de hda nhap vao nen kinh te thi Dau vay, ky vgng idem dugc viec lam va cd thu nhap lot ban, ngudi lao dpng di cu tft ndng thdn van san sang chap nhan rui ro va thach thftc Hg tham gia lam viec nhieu nganh nghe khae d dd thi Cdng viec nang nhpc, eye khd nhung kilm dugc tien [4] Hg chap nhan di chuyen de tim kiem eo hgi viec lam Du kel qua mang Iai kbdng dugc nhu ki vpng, nhung hp cung ti'ch luy dugc mdt so vdn cftng nhu kinb nghiem Hp lam quen vdi ldi sdng cua ngudi thi, hpc bdi dugc nhimg kien thiic cd thi phuc vu cho ban than cung nhu su phat trien cua gia dinb Tft kbi ddi mdi den nay, lao ddng di cu tu ndng thon thanb thi, tu nudc nudc ngoai cang nhieu Theo mgt nghien cuu, ty Ie ngudi di cu ca nudc la 13,6% Ty Ie ngudi di cu theo nhdm tuoi lir 15 den 59 la 17,3%; ngudi di cu den la 16,0%; ngudi di eu quay ve la 0,8%, ngudi di cu gian doan la 0,4% Cd den 19,7% dan sd cua khu vyc thi la ngudi di cu tft ndng thdn [8] Ben canh viec dl chuyen va dinb cu tai noi d mdi vdi cupc song mdi, mdt bd phan ngudi di cu lya chpn quay trd ve que huong sau mol thdi gian di lam an xa Dong gdp cua nguoi hoi cu- ve kinh te gia dinh Di cu dugc coi la mdt phuong thftc hftu hieu de tao lap ngudn vdn va tac ddng tryc tiep den cac boat dgng kinh te gia dinh Nbieu nghien cftu da chi vai hd cua lao ddng di eu viec phat trien kinh le hp gia dinh Phan Idn ngudi lao dpng di cu deu Le Quang Nggc, Nguyen Thi Thiiy Linh nhan djnh rang, tinh trang kinh t l ciia gia dinh minh dn djnh, hg ed thu nhap cao ban so vdi trudc di cu lao dpng [5], [12] Sd lieu phan anh thu nhap trudc va sau cd ngudi di lam an xa cua khao sat cbo thay: lao dpng di cu lai ndng thdn sau trd ve da giup giam tu 21,5% hp can ngheo xudng edn 9,9% hd; 19% hd ngheo xudng cdn 18,2% hg Sd hd gia dinh d nong thdn cd mue thu nhap tren trung binh va kha gia deu tang dang ke Cd the thiy, lgi feb kinh te tft lao dgng di eu da giiip sd hd cd thu nhap thap giam di rat nhieu va so hd cd thu nhap cao mdt tang len Ben canh nhu can ve lao dpng phd thdng Idn tai cac dd thj, thi chSnh lech ve thu nhap gifta ndng thdn va thj cung dugc coi la mdt sue biit Idn ddi vdi van de di cu Dieu kien kinh te khd khan (thieu viec lam, thieu dat san xuat va canh tac: ) da trd nhung yeu td thue day ddng di cu lao ddng tft ndng thdn cac Idn Muc dfeh efta nhung ngudi dl cu la cd dugc viee lam dn djnh va cd mftc thu nhap cao ban, cai thien muc sdng cua gia dinh d que huang Chi'nh VI vay, phan Idn lao ddng di cu den nai lara viec deu cham chi lam viec, tiet kiem danh tien dem ve cho gia dinh d que [5] Muc dich su dyng sd lien qua hinh di cu lam an xa cung la mdt chft de dang quan lam Phan Idn cac gia dinh d ndng thdn diing sd tien cua ngudi di cu gfti ve de chi Ira cac sinh boat phi hang [2] Ddi vdi nhdm ngudi hdi cu, muc dfch sft dung Idn nhat la chi tra cho cac chi tieu sinh boat hang Tuy nhien, muc dfch sft dung sd tiln cua ngudi hdi cu cung cd sy khac biet theo gidi tfnh Nam gidi cd xu hudng dung sd tiln minh kiem dugc qua trinh lam an xa de thuc hien eac boat ddng dau tu sinh Idi, nhat la hoai ddng dau tu kinh doanh, budn ban; kbi nu gidi Iai cd xu hudng sft dung tien vao cac boat dpng khdng sinh Idi va phyc vu nhu cau chi tieu cho gia dinh Da sd nhftng ngudi di lam an xa trd ve deu md cae doanh nghiep kinh doanh rieng eua minh Tuy nhien, trinh dp hgc van cua eac ebft doanh nghiep hdi cu bau bet chi dftng lai a bac trung hpc Ty Ie cac chii doanh nghiep hdi cu cd tnnh hpc van d bac trung hpc co sd la 41,7%, d bac hgc phd thdng la 31,7% Cac chft doanh nghiep cd trinh hgc van eao hon (nhu eao dang, dai h g c ) chiem ly le rit nhd Sd lieu tu cudc khao sat cho thay, lgi nhuan thu dugc cua ngudi hdi cu 12 thang sau trd ve phan Idn nam d mftc trung binh vdi 62%, mftc thip la 22,2%, mftc Igi nhuan cao la 15,8% Lao ddng di cu da mang Iai gia trj kinb te va sy thay doi cho mftc song cua cac bd gia dinh d que huong Nhung d mpt sd hd gia dinb, sy thay dli la khong dang ke Cae hd gia dinh d ndng thdn cd ngudi di lam an xa van chi dugc xep vao dang on dinh cupc song, ma van chua cd sy thay ddi Idn ldi mftc sdng hien tai Ngoai Igi fch kinh te, ngu'di di cu len thanb thj bang cdn tiep xuc vdi cupc sdng sdi ddng d dd thi vdi mftc sdng va trinh dan tri cao, dieu kien sinh boat hien dai Vi vay, ldi sdng dd thj ft nhieu anh hudng va bien hg trd nhftng ngudi truyen tai van hda mdi (khdng chi giao tiep, sinb boat hang ngay, ma cdn ca phong each sdng) Dieu cung da dugc the hien mpt phan qua muc dfch su dung tien cua ngudi hdi cu sau di lam an xa trd ve Khoan ddng gdp cua ngudi di cu la ngudn thu nhap quan trgng cho ngan sach gia dinh Mac du chua cd thong ke ve so lugng tien va luu lugng hang Iuan chuyen ngudi di cu gfti ve ndng thon, nhung di cu tijr ndng thon thi dang gop Khoa hgc xa hgi Viet Nam, so - 2019 phan dang ke vao viec cai thien thu nhap, nang cao mftc sdng, tao vdn phat trien kinh le hp gia dinh ndng thdn hien [1], Ngudi di cu tiidng qua qua tnnh di chuyen da va dang gian tiep chuyen ve ndng thdn bp mat cua kien triic dd thi theo chieu hudng tich cue, gdp phan lam khdi sac va thay ddi dien mao cudc sdng d eae viing que Tien, bang hda va nhimg kinh nghiem tft duge dua tdi timg bp gia dinh ndng thdn thdng qua lye lugng di cu, tao nin nhftng thay ddi rd net doi vdi dien mao ndng thdn Nhung ddng gdp eua lao ddng di eu da timg budc dd thj hda ndng thon, chuyen ddi co ciu lao ddng tft ITnh vyc lao ddng ndng nghiep thuan sang cac ITnh vyc kinb tl khac [2] Viec lam ciia ngudi hoi cu gia dinh Khao sal cho thay, ti le lao ddng nii (49,5%) va lao ddng nam (50,5%) di lam an xa da lam anh hudng khdng nhd den sy phan cdng lao dgng gia dinh Viec lao dgng rdi que huong de tim kiem viec lam lam cho nhung lao ddng khac d nha phai dam nhan nhieu cdng viec hon [5], [12] Ngudi hdi cu (sau tft thanb trd Iai ndng thdn) tiep tue tham gia vao phan cong lao dgng gia dinh So lieu khao s^t 1.121 ngudi d bang I cho thay khdng ed sy khac biet gifta hdi cu vdi ngudi kbdng di cu phan cdng lao ddng gia dinb f 1: Y kien cua ngudi hoi cu ve viec lam gia dinh [11] Ty le nguoi tra !oi dong y (%) Ty Ie nguai tra loi khong dong y (ti le %) Tong (100%) Ngucti hoi cu dam nhiem viec cham sdc cai Nguoi hoi cu dam nhiem viec cham soc nguai gia Ngiroi hoi cu dam nhiem viec giao due cai 30 70 100 21.1 78.9 100 21,7 78,3 100 Nguoi hoi cu dam nhiem viec nha khac 38,9 61,1 100 26,1 73,9 100 11,1 88,9 100 21,1 78,9 100 25 75 100 33.9 Vg/chong cua ngucri hii cu nhiem viec cham soc cai Vg/chong ciia ngucn hoi cu nhiem viec cham sdc nguoi gia Vg/chong cua nguoi hoi cu nhiem viec giao duc cdi Vo/chong ciia nguoi hii cu nhiem viec nha khac Ca hai vg cliong dam nhiem cham soc cai Ca hai va chong dam nhiem cham sdc nguai gi^ Ca hai vg chong dam nhiem viec dye cai dam dam dam dam viec viec 66,1 100 40 60 100 46,7 63,3 100 33.3 66,7 100 giao Ca hai va chong dam nhiem viec nha khac Le Quang Nggc, Nguyen Thi Thiiy Linh Ket qua d bang cho thay, viee phan cdng lao ddng giua ngudi hdi cu va ngudi khdng hdi cu khdng cd sy chenh lech dang kl Ngudi hoi_ cu vin la ngudi chju trach nhieu vdn lieng ve kien thfte ddi vdi viec cham sde ngudi than gia dinh nhiem ehinh ddi vdi cac cdng viec gia dinh, nhu cham sdc va giao due cai, cham sdc ngudi cao tudi, viec nha khac Vai trd cua n g u d i hoi cir doi vdi viee d u a r a cac quyet dinh gia dinh Viec di cu khdng nhftng mang lai cho ngudi Vai trd cua ngudi hdi cu d l i vdi viec dua lao dpng ndng thdn muc thu nhap tdt han so vdi d nha, ma edn giup cho hp co them cac quylt dinh gia dinh thi hien d ^ang dudi day Bang 2: Y k i e n cua ngudi h i i c u v e vai tro quyet dinh ciia cac vien gia dinh [11] Y kien Nguoi hoi cu quyet dinh vc cuoc song hang Nguoi hoi cu quyet djnh ve cac khoan chi heu chi'nh Nguoi hoi cu quyet dinh ve viec dau tu cho giao due Nguoi hoi cu quyet dinh ve cong viec ciia cac vien gia dinh Nguoi hoi cu quyet dinh ve viec xu !y quan he xa hoi va cong dong Vg/chong cua nguoi hoi cu quyet dinh ve cupc song hang Vg/chong ciia nguoi hoi cu quyet dinh ve cac khoan chi tieu chi'nh Vg/chong ciia nguoi hoi cu quyet dinh ve viec dau tu cho giao due Vg/chong ciia ngudi hoi cu quyet dinh ve cong viec cita cac vien gia dinh Vo/chong ciia ngucti hoi cu quyet dinh ve viec xu ly quan he xa hoi va cong dong Ca hai vg chong quyet dinh ve cuoc song hang Ca hai vg ching quyet dinh ve cac khoan chi tieu chi'nh Ca hai vg ching quyet dinh ve viec dau tu cho giao due Ca hai vg ching quyet dinh ve cong viec cua cac vien gia dinh Ca hai vg chong quyet dinh ve viec xir ly quan he xa hgi va cong dong So nguai Ira loi dong y (ti le %) So nguai tra loi khong dong y (ti le %) /IAII^ ^'""^"^ 53,3 46,7 100 45 55 100 25,6 74,4 100 29,4 70,6 100 31,1 68,9 100 13.9 86,1 100 19.4 80,6 100 16.1 83,9 100 17.S 82,2 100 18.3 81,7 100 31.7 68,3 100 35 65 100 46.1 53,9 100 45 55 100 46.7 53,3 100 69 Khoa hgc xa hgi Viet Nam, so 2-2019 Sd Ueu cudc khao sat 1.121 ngudi d bang noi tren cho thay, ddi vdi cac van de hong cupc sdng hang va cac khoan chi tieu cbinh, ngudi hdi cu la ngudi quyet dinh Kinh nghiem viec lam, sy dde lap ve kinh te eiing nhu nhimg trai nghiem ve cudc sdng hien dai van minh tai cac phd Idn da giup ngudi hdi cu hd ngudi cd quyen quyet djnh ebi'nh gia dinb Tuy nhien, ddi vdi eac cdng viec mang ti'nh chat chung nhu cdng viec cua cac vien gia dinh, quan he xa hgi va cpng ddng hoac dau tu cho giao due, thi ngudi hoi cu Iai kbdng nam quyln quylt djnh chi'nh ma van chu yeu cd sy tham gia eua ca hai vg chdng Vi the cua ngudi hoi cir gia dinh va dia p h u o n g Ngudi hdi eu ddng gdp cho kinh le, c6 vai trd quan trgng hong viec dua quyet d]nh gia dinh, vi vay vi the cua ngudi hii cu gia dinh va dia phuang ciing cd nhieu thay ddi Vj the cua ngudi hoi cu gia dinh va dia phuang the hien d bang dudi day ^ 3: Y k i l n ciia ngudi hoi cu ve vj the ciia hg gia dinh va dia p h u a n g [11] So nguoi tra 16i dong y (ti le %) So nguoi tra loi khong dong y (ti le %) Tong (100%) Nguai hoi cu nhan dugc su ton trgng tir cha me/cha me chong hoac vg nhieu hon 51,5 48,5 100 Ngucri hoi cu dgc lap hon ve kinh te 68,9 31.1 100 Ngucti hoi cu nhan dugc su ton tiong tir phuirng/xa nhieu hon 42,2 57.8 100 60 40 100 Ngucti hoi cu nhan dugc su ton trgng tir cha me/cha me chong hoac vg it hon 1,1 98.9 100 Ngucti hoi cu dgc lap ft hon v6 kinh le 3,9 96,1 iOO Nguoi hoi cu nhan dugc su ton trgng tir phuong/xa it hon 3,9 96,1 100 Nguai hoi cu c6 it moi quan he xa hoi hon 2,8 97,2 100 Sy ton trgng tir cha me/cha me ching hoac vg doi vai nguoi hoi cu kliong thay dli 40 60 100 Su dgc lap ve kinh tl cua nguoi h l i cu kiiong thay doi 23.9 76,1 100 Sir ton trgng tir phu6ng/xa d l i voi nguai hli cu khong thay dli 41,1 58,9 100 Cac mii quan he xa hgi ciia nguoi hoi cu khong thay doi 31,7 68,3 100 Ngiroi hoi cu co moi quan he xa hgi rgng han 70 Le Quang Nggc, Nguyen Thi Thuy Linh Sd lieu bang cho thiy, sau di lam an xa trd vl, cd 68,9% ngudi boi cu eho rang, hg dgc lap hon ve kinh tl N I U kinh tl khong bj phy thudc thi vj thi eua ngudi hdi cu se dugc nang cao Dilu thi hien d viec hg nhan dugc su tdn trgng tft cha me hai ben gia dinh nhilu ban (51,1%), nhan dugc nhieu sy tdn trgng tai dia phuang nai hp sinh sdng (42,2%) va ding thdi hg ed nhieu mdi quan he xa hdi bon (60,0%) Co the thay, di cu da cd cd vai trd quan Ugng viec thuc day vi thi gia dinh ndi viing va xa hpi ndi ehung ddi vdi ngudi di lam an xa sau kbi trd vl Ben eanh dd, nhung thay doi deu dugc thi hien tbeo nhung chieu budng ti'ch eye Ket Iuan Hien tugng di dan tu ndng thdn thj luang lai se van tiep dien va cdn ed xu hudng gia tang Viec lam tai cac viing ndng thdn da khdng cdn du de lao cho ngudi ndng dan mgt mftc sdng on dinh Vi the, hg phai cac phd Idn tim kiem viec lam, tang thu nhap eho gia dinh Day la mdt nhu cau can thiet va chi'nh dang Neu khdng vi muc di'ch kiem them thu nhap, nang cao mftc sdng, thi ngudi ndng dan cd the se khdng di cu thi, ma thay vao hg se lam an yen dn nai que nha, nai cd linh lang nghTa xdm va ba quen thupc Mpt ly nua gdp phan tbiic day ngudi ndng dan rdi que hucmg la d chd, khdng phai cilng cd kha nang san xuat kinh doanh, cd vdn de dau tu vao cac nganh nghi phi ndng nghiep Dan sd tang nhanh, dien tfch dit canh tac giam, thu nhap thap, ddi sing kho khan da lam xuat hien tinh trang du thfta sftc lao dpng d ndng thdn Vi vay, viec hg tim mgi each de kiem sdng va tim den cac dd thj kiem viec lam la mdt nhirng giai phap linh the bdi dd thj la thi trudng lao ddng da dang, cd sftc hut Idn ddi vdi ngudi lao ddng va mang Iai thu nhap cao cho ngudi di cu Khdng the phu nhan nhuiig vai trd ma ngudi hoi cu mang lai cho kinh te hd gia dinh ndng thdn va dia phuong noi hp sinh sdng Ngoai viec nang cao thu nhap, eai thien mftc sdng va dieu kien sinb boat cbo gia dinb, ngudi hdi cu cdn truyen tai dugc nhftng kien thuc mdi ve nghe ngbiep, kinh nghiem san xuat, Idi sdng, van hda vl ndng thdn Nhu vay, di dan da gdp phan thuc diy sy giao thoa gifta ndng thdn va dd thj, tao nhftng nhu cau va net van hda mdi d lang que Ben eanh dd, ngudi hdi cu cdn gdp phan lang them thu nhap, tao nen tang de phat trien kinh te va thiic day sy ngbiep dli mdt d nong thon Chi'nh vi vay, di cu van dugc coi la mdt lya chpn bang dau de ca nhan nd Iyc cai thien ddi song cua gia dinh va trd hien tugng tat yeu nin kinh te thj irudng Ddng thdi, no dugc nbieu ngudi dan nhin nhan nhu la mpt giai phap huu hieu giup giai quyet bai loan thieu viee lam d ndng thdn giai doan hien Di dan tu ndng thdn dd thj da mang lai nhung lac ddng lich eye cho kinh tl hp gia dinh ndng thdn Ben canh do, qua hinb di dan cftng tao co hpi cho mpt so le nan xa hpi tai khu vuc dd thj Iran vl vung que, cung nhu gay nhung rfti ro ma ngudi lao dpng phai ganh chiu tai nai nhap cu Tuy nhien, di dan la Men tugng cd tfnh khach quan va tit yeu ddi vdi bit ky quIc gia nao dang thdi ki cong nghiep hda, hien dai boa Dieu ddi hoi cac cip quan Iy can cd nhung chfnh sach quan ly phu hgp Khoa hgc xa hgi Viet Nam, so - 2019 de qua trinh dien dudi sy kiem soat nhat djnh, phat buy nhimg mat tfch eye va ban che tae ddng tieu eye cua nd den qua trinh phat trien xa hgi, dam bao mdi trudng lam viec dn djnh cho ngudi di cu giai doan hien [6] Nga My (1997), 'T)i dan nong thon - thi voi nhS 6, mgt van de xa hgi" Tap chi Xa hdi hoc, so [7] Le Van Son (2014), "Lao dgng di cu ngi dia Viel Nam hien nay", Tap chi Khoa hoc xd hoi Viil Nam, '^o [8] Tong cue Th6ng ke, Quy Dan so Lien Hgp Quoc (2016), Diiu tra Di cu ngi dia quoc gia 2015: Cdc ket qua chu yeu Ha Ngi Tai lieu tham khao [9] Doan Van Truang (2014), "Di cu nong th6n thi; Thach thuc va ca hgi doi voi sy phai [1] Dang Nguyen Anh (1997), "Vai tro ciia di dan trien kinh te - xa hgi t£Li noi di", Tap chi Ddn nong thon - thi sir phat tnen kinh te sd vd Phdt Irien, so 11 nong thon hien nay" Tap chi Xd hdi hoc, so [2] [3] Chfnh phii, Lien Hgp QuIc va Tong cue [5] cu lao dgng nd nong thon den phdl tnen kinh Thong ke (2012), Gidi vd lien cliuyen ve ciia li ho gia dinh, Tong cue Dan so - Ke hoach lao dong di cu, Nxb Thong kS, Ha Ngi hda gia dinh, Ha Ngi Nghiem Xuan Dat, Vu Trgng Lam, [11] Vien Xa hgi hgc (2015), Khdo sdt dieu tra vi Nguyen Quy Nghj (2001), "Di dan tu phat vao ngudi hdi cu d tinh Hdi Duong Can Tha vd Ha N6i - thuc trang va giai phap", Tap chi Bac Ninh ndm 2015, Ha Ngi Nghien cuu Kinh le, so 282 [4] [10] Doan Van T m a n g (2016), Anh hudng cila di Dinh Quang Ha (2010), "Di dan nong thon va [12] Paris, Thelma et ^1 (2009), Labour out migration on rice farming households and vai tro cua no doi voi sy phat tnen kinh le hg gender roles: synthesis of findings in Thailand, gia dinh a nong thon" Tap chi Khoa hoc xd the Philippines and Viet Nam, Paper presented hgi Viil Nam, so at the FAO-IFAD-ILO Workshop on Gaps, Le Thi Hanh (2009), "Nghifin ciiu anh huong trends ciia di cu lao dgng nir xa Yen Phuong, huyen dimensions Yen LEIC, tinh VTnh Phuc dSn nong hg", employment: differentiated pathways out of Trucrng Dai hgc Nong nghiep Ha Noi, Ha Ngi poverty Rome and current of research agricultural yi and gender rural ... Tap chi Xa hdi hoc, so [7] Le Van Son (2014), "Lao dgng di cu ngi dia Viel Nam hien nay" , Tap chi Khoa hoc xd hoi Viil Nam, '^o [8] Tong cue Th6ng ke, Quy Dan so Lien Hgp Quoc (2016), Diiu tra... hgc xa hgi Viet Nam, so 2-2019 sat la 272 ho gia dinh (1.121 mau ca nhan) tai tinh la Hai Duong, Cin Tha va BSc Ninh (trong sd lugng ngudi hii cu nu la 49,5%; so lugng ngudi hii eu nam la 50,5%... in Thailand, gia dinh a nong thon" Tap chi Khoa hoc xd the Philippines and Viet Nam, Paper presented hgi Viil Nam, so at the FAO-IFAD-ILO Workshop on Gaps, Le Thi Hanh (2009), "Nghifin ciiu anh