Nghi§n ciiu Gia dinh v^ Gi6i sg - 2019 Vai M ciia gla dinh dtfl vdil bao lire hoc dirong hoc sinh trung hoc: Thtfc tlin vd ly thuyet Tnrang Thj Thu ThOy Vi^n Nghign cuu Giadinh vd Gidi Tom tat: Cac nghien cihi vl gia dinh vd vj nien cho thdy vai tro cda cha mp dii vdi vj thdnh nien dang cang bj suy gidm, sy tuong tdc, gin kit vdi gia dinh cda tr£ vi nien ngdy cang Idi^ Ifo, dilu khiln trd co nguy or cao roi vdo cdc hdnh vi ^ chu^ Su: dyng phuong phdp phan tich tdi U^u sdn co va dQ h^u djnh tinh cQa dl tdi c ^ BO "Bgo Iyc hpc dudng hpc sinh t n i i ^ hpc: MOt el v ^ dl c ^ quan tam", bai vilt phdn tich khd nang tac dOng cda gia dinh den bgo lye hpc dufmg hpc sinh trung hpc, va xem xet n6 t& cdch tilp cdn ly thuylt hpc hdi xa hOi vl bgo lye noi chung vd bgo lye hpc du6ng ndi rieng Nghien cdu phac hpa p h ^ ndo mii Hen hO nghjch chilu giOa sy it gdn kit vdi cha m^, mdi trudng gia dinh khong lanh mgnh vd sy thd o cda cha m^ dii vdi hdnh vi bgo lye cua cai vdi xu budng sd dyng bgo lye d hpc sinh trung hpc Tfi gpi mOt BI V ^ dl cdn quan tam nghien dm vl chd dl thdi gian tdi Tik' khoa: Gia dinh; Tr£ em; Vj didnh nioi; Bgo Iyc hpc dudng; Sy gSn kit cha m^ c(Hi cdi; Hpc sinh trung hpc Ngay nhdn bdi: 19/12/2018; cWnh siia: 15/1/2018; duypt dang: 31/172019 D$tv^ndi Cdc nghidn cuu ve bgo Iyc hgc dudng d Vipt Nam cdn khd it di (UNESCO, 2016), ddc bipt Id nghien cuu td ITnh vyc xd hgi hgc Cac nghien cdu di trudc chu yeu md td thyc trgng, nguyen nhdn, hgu qua vd cac 68 Nghidn cOu Gla dinh vd GIM Quyin 29, s l 1, tr 67-74 gidi phdp gidm thilu bgo lye hge dudng Nhdng nghien cdu ve cdc yeu to tdc dpng den bgo lye hgc dudng thudng de cgp din bon yiu to: cd nhan, gia dinh, nhd trudng va xd hgi, nhien, it cd nghien cdu thyc nghipm quy md Idn phan tich sau vl kha ndng tac dgng ciia ba yiu to: gia dinh, nhd trudng vd xd hgi nen cd thi ndi chu dl cdn rIt nhieu khodng ddng quan tdm Bdi vilt dugc thyc hipn bdng phuang phdp phdn tich tdi lipu sdn cd vd dd lipu 14 cugc phdng van sdu vd thdo lugn nhdm cua De tdi cap Bg "Bgo Iyc hgc dudng hgc sinh trung hgc: Mgt so van de can quan tam" (Bao cao thudng nien) Vi^n Nghien cdu Gia dinh vd Gidi chii tri, thyc hipn ndm 2018 tgi trudng hgc cap trung hgc co sd (THCS) vd Trung hgc thdng (THPT) tgi Ha NOi, vdi cdc doi tugng hgc sinh, giao vien vd cha m? hgc sii^ Bdi viet gom hai ngi dung chinh tgp trung phan tich ve khd ndng tac dOng ciia gia dinh din bgo Iyc hgc dudng hgc sinh trung hpc, vd de cgp din nhdng lugn gidi ciia ly thuyet hgc hdi xd hgi ve bgo lye ndi chung vd bgo lye hgc dudng ndi rieng Khd ndng tdc d$ng cua y^u t i gia dinh d4n b^o I i ^ hpc dipdug hpc sinh trung hpc Nhilu nghien cuu nhan mgnh din moi lien quan giOa gia dinh va hdnh vi bgo lye cua cdc em hge sinh Theo Bowers, Smith vd Binney (1992), nhdng hpe sinh (ca nam va nd) cd hanh vi bgo Iyc vdi bgn be thudng song nhihig gia dinh thilu vdng sy ed mdt cua ngudi cha Cac em ed xu hudng it dugc khuyen khich, ung hO gia dinh ciia minh (dan lgi theo Phan Due Nam, 2016) Tgi Vipt Nam, nhilu kit qud nghien cuu cho thay sy gdn ket/it gdn kit vdi cha mp, mdi trudng gia dinh khdng lanh mgnh, vd sy thd o ciia cha mp doi vdi hanh vi bgo lye cua cai cd moi lien hp vdi xu hudng sd dyng bgo lye ciia tre em Doi vdi cac hgc sinh gay bgo Iyc, vipc thieu gdn ket vdi cha mp, it dugc cha mp quan tam, chia se cd tdc dgng mgnh tdi suy nghT, thai dp va hdnh dgng ciia cdc em, theo dd, vipc gay bgo lye vdi bgn bd ciing trang Ida cd thi dugc coi nhu la mgt cdch dl giai tda noi buon bd, co don, buc xiic, dp lye cua ban than (Hoang Bd Thinh, 2009; Nguyen Thi Thanh Binh, Nguyen Thi Mai Lan, 2013; Phan Ddc Nam, 2016; Nguyen Thi Nhu Trang, 2017) Ngt dung phan ti'eh d Hgp cho thiy mgt so d$c dilm kha tuong dong giihi gia dinh ctia hgc sinh bgo lye vd bi bgo Iyc nghidn cdu ciia Phan Ddc Nam (2016:23-26) Sy quan tam, chdm sdc cdi -la mgt chi so quan trgng de ddnh gid sy gdn ket giira cha mp vdi cai ciia hg, tgo nen ludi bdo vp vj thdnh nien khdi cac hdnh vi nguy co Tuy nhidn, nhieu nghien cdu cho thay khd khdn Tnnmg Th| Thu Thuy 69 ve thdi gian dd vd dang Id rdo cdn khiln cha mp khd thyc hipn dugc vai trd ndy ciia minh (Kit qud Dilu tra gia dinh Vipt Nam 2006 dd ghi nhgn cd tdi 10% cha mp hodn toan khdng ndi chuypn vdi con) bode nguyen nhan thilu thdi gian chdm sdc chu yeu ganh ndng kiem song (Bg Vdn hda, Thi thao vd Du ljch vd cdc co quan khac, 2008; D^ng Bich Thuy vd e$ng sy, 2016) Dang tiec Id nhieu cha mp dd khdng the kit noi hdi hda gii^ vipc dap ung nhu eau kinh te eua gia dinh (trong dd cd nhu cau hgc tap ciia cdi) vdi vipc dau tu du thdi gian quan tdm, chia sd va giao dye cai chiing budc vdo tuoi vi thdnh nien - giai dogn phdt triln nhgy cdm vd de chpch hudng Nhieu van de ndy sinh gida cha mp vd cai, giua cac hgc sinh vdi dudng nhu cung bdt dau td dilm ddt gay Hpp Mpt sl df c diem vl gia dinh cda hpc sinh bgo lyc/bj bgo lye Hpc sinb bi bgo Iyc - Gia dinh cd hodn cdnh ddc bipt ho$c khdng day du cha mp (khdng cd bo theo nghTa dugc cdng nhgn vl mdt lugt phdp, "con roi" ) - Cha mp it tiep xuc, giao tilp hay gdn kit vdi cdi - Khdng tin tudng cha mp ho trg, giai quyet, bdo v$ bj bgo lye d trudng Hpc sinh gdy bgo Iyc - Song gia dinh thieu vdng sy ed mgt ciia ngudi bo, ngudi mp hodc cha mp ly hdn, ly than - Song gia dinh cd moi quan hp bat hda, nhilu bgo lye, ddc bipt cha mp bay sd dyng bgo lye vdi cai - Thilu sy quan tam, hd trg, khuyin khich eua cha mp cdc van de d trudng - Thieu sy gjao tiep hay g^n ket cua cha mp - Cha mp cd phong each giao dye eon cdi dgc dodn - Khong tin tudng each xd ly ciia cha mp cd hdnh vi bgo lye d trudng Nguon: Phan Ddc Nam, 2016: 23-26 Vipc thilu thdi gian ddnh cho cdi Id "bilu hipn d mgt mdc dO ndo dd tinh chat ciia md hinh ung xu thilu quan tam eua cha mp doi vdi cdi vj thdnh nien Sy thilu thdi gian quan tam den edi ganh ndng vd trach nhipm cdng vipc, cdc moi lo toan ve kinh te lam cho mdc dg gdn ket giiia cha mp vd eon cdi bj gidm siit, hgu qud Id mOt so chuc ndng ciia cha mp dd bi suy gidm, vi dy nhu chdc ndng hudng din vd ho trg phdt triln ve m | t nhgn thirc, kiln thue xd hgi va chia sd tinh cdm, vd trd vj thdnh nien trd nen cd moi quan hp gdn ket hon vdi nhdm ban dong trang lira" (Ddng Bich Thuy, 2013: 61) "ViOe cha mp khdng cd thdi gian ho$c cd it thdi gian cho edi eho thay dd xuat hipn mgt khodng ciia gia dinh kiem soat, giao dye hd em" (Ld Nggc Vdn, 2011: 502), vd ydu to lap day eho nay, 70 Nghidn cdu Gla dinh vd Gidi Quyin 29, s l 1, tr 67-74 bat cd khodng thdi gian nao, chinh la nhdm bgn, cde phucmg tipn truyen thdng dai chiing Mgt hp qud khdng hay gia tdng sd dyng cdng ngh§ thdng tin, ngudi sg ed khuynh hudng gidm thilu cdc tuon§ tdc tryc tilp gia dinh, vai trd ciia cha mp bj suy gidm, sy tuong tdc, gdn kit vdi gia dinh ciia tre vj thdnh nien ngdy cdng Idng Ido, dd la cdc vet niit quan hO gia dinh khien trd cd nguy co cao roi vao cdc hdnh vi l|eh chuan Mgt so n ^ i d n cdu mdi gan da^ ve moi quan hp giita cha mp va cai vd bgo lye hgc dudng tilp tyc khdng djnh thyc t l ndy (Ddng Bich Thiiy vd cgng sy, 2016; Nguyen Thj Nhu Trang, 2017) Ben cgnh vipc cha mp thieu thdi gian danh cho con, niem tin gii^ cha mp va eon cai cd thi la mgt yeu to cd kha ndng tac dgng den sy lya chgn doi tugng chia sd, tam sy cua tre Ket qua nghidn cihi ndy cho thay, mOt so trd rat hieu vd thdng cdm vdi cha mp vi^e ^ido dye cdi hipn nay, cd em cho rdng "Khong hdn la bd m? khong hieu ddu md co thi la ngdy xua liic bd mp di hgc thi moi trudng no khdc so voi minh bdy gid nen cd nhieu vdn di co bd mp chua bao gia ggp phdi, nen bd m? khdng biet ldm the ndo de co thi noi cho minh hieu Ma tdm ly cua ph{i huynh noi chung la mudn bdo vp het sdc muon bao bgc con" (liido lugn nhdm nd hgc sinh THPT) Tuy nhidn, hilu vd thdng cdm eho khd khdn cua cha mp vdi vipc lya chgn cha mp Id doi tugng tam sy cdc van de eiia ed nhdn trd Id hai chuyOn khde nhau! Kit qud phdn tich sdu s l li^u Dilu tra Gia dinh Vi^t Nam 2006 cho thiy d hau het cac van de cua vi thdnh nien (ed nam vd nd) diu chia sd nhilu nhat vdi bgn bd, vdi ngudi mp vd tiep den anh/chj Bgn bd Id doi tugng cdi thudng tam sy, chiem 63,4% ngudi tra Idi, tiep theo Id ngudi thdn gia dinh 8,4%, rli din mp 7,7% va cuoi cung Id cha vdi t^ lp rat thap 1,3% (Nguyen Hihi Minh vd egng sy, 2009:42) Ket qua Dieu tra quoc gia ve nien vd vi thdnh nidn Vipt Nam ndm 2009 ( S A W 2) cung phdn dnh thyc trgng tuong ty nhu vgy Du lipu dinh tinh eiia De tai cho thay rat rd doi tugng lya chgn tam sy ndi chung ciia hpc sinh trung hgc khdne phdi Id cha mp, md Id bgn bd Ly thudng gdp la cha mp it cd dugc sy dong cdm, thdng cdm, gin gui vl m$t cdm xuc, suy nghT nhu bgn dong trang lua, m$c du ve m$t nh§n thuc, mgt so cha mp hieu rdng "Gia dinh Id quan trgng nhat giao dye hpe sinh" (Phy huynh hgc sinh THCS) Co bdn V) minh cfjns Idn rdi, ndi tgi bdt ddng quan dilm, vdi kilu khodng cdch th6 h$ xa qud, xong Igi tidi ca k i ^ thdi tao bdng tudi mdy, n6 m$t ldm T d vi$c chdu bi^l mp chdu b$n bju th) chdu hpc cdch chdp nhdn t y gidi quy^t, kilu n6i chuy$n vdi bgn d l tim cdch gidi quylt phii hprp Bgn Id kilu ngudi sdt vdi minh, cd nd h i ^ chuy$n, cd cdi nhin khdch quan ham, tir vdn cho minh rO hem, n