Nghi§n ciiu Gia d i n h v i G i d i sg 2019 SU lira chon gli trj tinh yfiu, hOn nhdn v i gia fllnh cda nien (Nghien cum trudng hop tinh An Giang) Phan Thu^n Hpc v l ^ Chlnhtaikhu vuc IV Tom tdt: Bdi vift tip trui^ phan tich sy lira chpn vd su thay d6i quan n i ^ vl gid trj lanh yeu, hdn nhan va gia dinh cua nien bdi cdnh hi^n va so vdi th6i Vy trudc day Kft qud nghien cdu chl rdng su- lira chpn gia tri vfe tinh yeu, hdn nhan vd gia dinh ciia nien An Giang cd xu hudng nghieng v6 nhiing gid tri hi^n dai, theo Idi sdng dd thj va Tay hda Co thi ndi gia trj tmh yeu, hdn nhan va gia dinh it duvc diu y chu5i gia tri sdng da va se ( ^ dinh hirdng cho nien An Giang va dilu dd c6 th^ c6 dnh hirdng tdi quy^ djnh cda nien v i ^ lua chpn bgn ddi, quy^t djnh hdn nhan vd cdc mdi quan h$ hon nhan va gia £ n h tuong lai Tit khoa: Hdn nhan - gia £nh; Thanh nien; Su- lu-a chpn gia trj cua nien; Gia tri tinh yeu Ngay nh^n bai: 12/3/2017; chhih sda: 5/10/2018; duy^t dang: 7/1/2019 D$tvindi Tinh yeu, hdn nhan vd gia dinh Id bg ba cd mii quan hp mgt thiet vdi Tinh yeu chan chinh la nen tang co ban ciia hdn nhan vd gia dinh Phan Thudn 39 Yeu vd dugc yeu Id nhu cau vd quyIn co bdn cua ngudi (Trdn Thj Phyng Ha, Nguyen Nggc Lp, 2014) Chinh vi the, djnh hudng gid tri hdn nhdn va gia dinh ciia nien phan dnh cugc song thyc tl va moi quan hp xa hgi, the hifn sy dnh hudng ciia m^t nln giao dye vl hgc van, dgo ddc vd vdn hda len quan ni^m, suy nghT vd hdnh dgng cua nien Cdc pham chat ciia ngudi bgn ddi vd quan nipm ve tinh yeu, moi quan hp gia dinh dugc nien ky vpng sS Id nhiing yiu t l gdp phan tgo nen hgnh phiic gia dinh bin vung Kit qud nghidn cdu dya tren s l lipu ciia cupc khdo sdt vl "Djnh hudng gia trj song cho nien d An Giang" Trung tam nghidn cim Khoa hgc xd hpi thugc Dai hgc An Giang thyc hipn ndm 2015 vdi 400 doi tugng Dja ban nghien cuu dugc lya chgn ngau nhien theo tieu chi thdnh thj vd ndng thdn va kit qud lya chgn Id thdnh Long Xuyen dgi dipn cho thdnh thj vd huypn Chau Phu Id dgi dipn cho ndng thdn Trong mau nay, nam chiem 50,5% vd nu chilm 49,5% Dp tuoi trung binh ciia doi tugng mau khao sat la 32,8 tuoi; cao nhat la 55 tuoi vd thdp nhat la 16 tuoi Dg tuoi trung binh ciia doi tugng khdo sdt kha tre Bai vilt tap trung phan tich quan nipm ciia ngudi dan va cua nien ve cdc djnh hudng gia trj tinh ydu, hdn nhdn va gia dinh cho nien vd sy lya chpn cdc gia trj lien quan din tinh ydu, hdn nhdn va gia dinh ciia nien d An Giang boi cdnh hipn vd so vdi khodng thdi gian 20 ndm trudc day Djnh hifdng g\& trj tjnh ydu, hdn nhitn vd gia dinh cho nidn Qe tim hilu vl djnh hudng gid trj tinh yeu, hdn nhan va gia dinh cho nien cugc khdo sat dd ddt cau hdi: Theo Anh/chj, nien An Giang hipn dd dugc djnh hudng nhihig gia trj song ndo? Phan tich ket qud khdo sat cho thdy, cd tren dudi 1/3 tong so ngudi dugc hdi cho biet nien hipn dd dugc djnh hudng vl gid trj "tinh yeu, hdn nhan vd gia dinh" (35,8%) vd 25,8% ngudi cho rdng nien dugc djnh hudng gia trj "can cd mgt tinh yeu chan va chung thiiy" Trong dd, cd 34,8% nien d nhdm tuoi td 16-30 cho rdng, nien cd djnh hudng ve gid trj "tinh yeu, hon nhdn vd gia dinh" va 28,8% cho rdng gid trj "can cd mOt tinh yeu chan thdnh va chung thiiy"; ty lp so vdi cac nhdm tuoi cao hon cd khac bipt khdng qua Idn, vi dy d nhdm tuoi tu 31-39 lan lugt Id 38,1% vd 27,4%; nhdm tuoi td 40 trd len la 34,3% vd 23,9% Nhu vgy, cd the ndi cac gia trj tinh yeu, hdn nhan va gia dinh ciia nien cdn it dugc chii y chuoi gid trj song can djnh hudng cho nien d An Giang hipn 40 Nghidn cdu Gia dinh vd Gidi Quyin 29, •61, tr 38-46 Djnh hudng gid trj vl tinh yeu, hon nhdn vd gia dinh cho nien An Giang Id rdt cdn thiet, bdi 1€ nd la nln tdng gdp phdn xay dyng gia dinh hgnh phiic bin vihig D$c bipt, boi cdnh hipn nay, ty lp ly hdn, bgo lye gia dinh, chii truong song dgc than hodc chung song nhu vg chong nhung khdng kit hdn cd xu hudng gia tdng N I U khdng cd nhdng djnh hudng vl gia trj tinh yeu, hdn nhan vd gia dinh mpt each tich eye thi nd s6 Id nguy CO dnh hudng din phat triln gia dinh bin vChig Vdi cau hdi "Theo Anh/Chj nhihig gid trj ndo can dugc djnh hudng cho nien An Giang thdi gian tdi" kit qua la cd 39,5% ngudi cho rdng, nien cdn djnh hudng gia hi "xay dyng gia dinh dm no, tien bg, binh ddng vd hgnh phuc" vd cung cd khdc bipt theo nhdm xd hOi, vi dy cd 42,1% ngudi trd loi la nd cho rdng cdn djnh hudng gia trj cho nien cao hon so vdi 37% Id nam gidi; cd 45,5% ngudi trd Idi Id nidn d nhdm tuoi 16-30 cho rdng cdn djnh hudng gid trj ndy so vdi 33,1% d nhdm tuoi td 31-39 tuli vd 37,7% cua nhdm tuoi td 40 trd len Kit qud khdo sdt cho thay, nien d nhdm tuoi trd nhat (tu 16-30 tuoi) cd xu hudng quan tam din vi$c xay dyng hgnh phiic gia dinh ciia bdn thdn nhilu hon, cd thi nien hipn dd nhgn thay mgt so gia trj gia dinh truyin thing khdng cdn phii hgp vd cdn phdi thay doi theo ban chieu hudng tien bd, binh ddng hon S^ Ivra chpn cic gid trj tinh y6u, hdn nhdn vd gia dinh cda nidn An Giang Ti8u chi lya chpn b^n ddi Ket qud phdn tich tidu chi lya chpn bgn ddi hif n theo quan nipm nien An Giang dp tuoi td 16-30 tuoi cho thay, tieu chi "ngudi yeu phdi cd ngogi hinh dpp" dugc da so nien lya chgn (70,5%) (xem Bdng I) Dieu ndy cho thay, tinh yeu bdt dau tu nhiing "cdm xuc vl gidi tinh" ndn ngogi hinh cdng trd thdnh mgt tieu chi quan trgng dl lya chpn bgn ddi cua nien Kit qud ndy khd tuong dong vdi nghien cuu ciia tdc gid Nguyen Vdn Lugt vd Nguyin D S Hong Nhung (2010) vl tieu chi lya chgn bgn ddi la phai cd ngogi hinh dpp Theo dd, nam nien quan din vd dpp ngogi hinh cua bgn ddi nhieu hem nd nien Tieu chi ndy cung dugc nien An Phii lya chgn nhilu hon nien thdnh Long Xuyen Nhu vgy, quan ni^m vl cdi dpp ngogi hinh cung cd sy khdc gida nidn thdnh vd ndng thdn Cac tidu chi nghi nghipp va dja vj xd hgi ciia ngudi bgn ddi dugc nhilu nien lya chpn vd cd sy khdc bipt ddng chii y theo dja bdn sinh song Ty 1^ nien d ndng thdn lya chpn tieu chi "vg/chong phai dja vj cao xd hgi" cao hon nien thdnh thj la 64,5% so vdi 57,6%; ngugc Phan Thudn 41 lgi nien d thdnh thi lgi quan tdm din tieu chi vg/chong phai cd nghe nghipp on djnh (45,8% d Long Xuyen so vdi 32,7% d An Phii) Phat hi^n khd thong nhat vdi nghien cdu trudc day ciia tdc gid Tran Thj Phyng Hd (2014) cho rdng, nghi nghipp cua ngudi bgn ddi Id mgt nhiing tidu chi ma nien dang cd xu hudng lya chgn, bdi Id nd la yiu to gdp phdn 1dm cho cudc song gia dtnh dugc on djnh hem Bdng Ti£u chf lya chpn bgn ddi theo quan nifm nien AD Giang d nhdm tuli td 16-30 (%) TiSu chf l\ra ch^n byn ddi Loog An Nam NO- Chung XuyCn Phd (89) (166) (77) (59) (107) 70,5 52,5 80,4 75,4 60,7 Nguiri ySu phdi c6 ngogi hinh d?p Ngiriri vp/ching phii c6 dja vj 62,9 62,0 57,6 64,5 61,0 cao xa hpi 55,4 54,5 56,2 Ngufri vp/ chlng phSi c6 sire khde 44,1 61,7 Ngudi chong/vp tucmg lai phdi c6 39,3 37,3 45,8 32,7 35,1 nghe nghiap In djnh Ngirfri vp/ chong phdi bilt chdm 39,0 34,8 36,7 33,9 38,3 s6c gia dinh 13,5 14,5 15,6 22,0 10,3 Nguiri vg/ching phii hgp tuoi tic 11,9 15,9 16,9 12,4 14,5 Vg phii nghe Idi chong 10,4 13,5 12,0 16,9 Gia dinh phdi mon dang hd doi 9,3 NguIn: D^i hpc An Giang, K^t qui khio sit 201S Qe ddnh gid quan dilm ciia ngudi dan vl nhdng thay dii sy lya chgn gia tri, nghien cdu dd d$t cau hdi "Anh/Chj cho biet nien An Giang hipn va nien d khoang 20 ndm trudc day thudng lya chpn cac gia trj vl tinh yeu, hdn nhan va gia dinh nao?" Kit qua d Bieu cho thay, quan dilm vl gid trj tinh ydu, hdn nhdn gia dinh ciia nien hipn cd sy trai ngugc khd rd so sdnh vin 20 ndm trudc day Vi dy, cd 57,2% ngudi dong y cho rdng nien hipn lya chgn ngudi yeu phai cd ngogi hinh dpp so vdi khodng 10% cho rdng day la tieu chi ciia nien cdch day 20 ndm; ho$c chi cd 5,8% ngudi dong y rdng nidn hipn lya chpn tidu chuan bgn ddi Id cd "gia dinh mdn ddng hg doi" so vdi 69,6% so ngudi cho rdng 20 ndm trudc nien quan tam lya chpn gid trj Dieu ndy cho thdy sy thay doi vl tieu chi lya chgn bgn ddi ciia nidn An Giang dang diin khd mgnh m6 Vd boi cdnh song thay doi la mOt nhdng yiu to quan trpng tdc dpng den sy thay doi quan nipm song cua tiianh nien vi^c lya chgn bgn ddi, do, vipc djnh hudng gid trj song cho nien cung can chii y din yiu to thdi dgi 42 Nghidn cihi Gia dinh vd Gidi Quy4n 29, s l 1, tr 38-45 Bilu Quan nipm cda ngudi din vl sy lya chpn tieu chf bgn ddi cua ni£n An Giang hipn vd so vdf 20 ndm ve trudc (%) Gia dinh phii mOn d&ng hO d6i ^^Mtm^W*^"^^^-^^^^^ 69 Vtr phil nghe Oi ch6ng ngvtn V9/cti6ng phii hgp lu6i tic Mgirdi chAngAV " " " O toi phii cU nghi nghi9p An djnh j ^ P ^ Ngv^ vgr/ ctidng phdi biA chim s6c gia dinh Mgirtn w / chfing phii c* si>c khde NgvOiw/chfingpliiicddjavicaotTongxa hQi Ngifdi y€u phii cd ngos hinh d^p • Hi4nl9i B^O nim v i tn/c Ngu^n: D^i hgc An Giang, K^t qui khio sit 2015 Quyen t y tinh yeu va quyet djnh hdn nhan Doi vdi quyen ty tinh yeu vd quyet djnh hdn nhan, ket qud phan tich quan nipm ciia nhdm nien d dO tuoi 16-30 d Bdng cho thay, da so nien dong mau khao sat deu cho rdng, nien hipn cd quyen tu tinh yeu va quyIn quylt djnh hdn nhan Mdc dCi vgy, van cd mgt ty lp nhd cho rdng tinh yeu vd hdn nhan ciia nidn cdn bi chi phoi bdi sy dp ddt ciia cha mp vd y kiln ciia co quan doan the, chu yeu d nhdm nien hipn dang cdng tac d khIi Iyc lugng vu trang hodc can bg dang vien Bdng QuyIn ty thih y£u vd quylt djnh hdn nhan hi^n theo quan nipm ciia ni£n d nhdm 16-30 tuli (%) Cdc gid trj tinh yeu hdn nhdn gia dinh Ty tim hilu, yfiu ducmg Cha m^ chi djnh hudng, chilr khdng quyet djnh vi^ hdn nhSn ciia cii Ket hdn phii cd ding y cua co quan, don v) cdng tic Cha m^ d$t diu thi ngli dd Long An XuySn Phd (S9) (107) 59,3 58,9 Nam (77) Nfr (89) Chung (166) 59,7 58,4 59,0 47,5 53,3 58,4 44,9 51,2 23.7 22,4 26,0 20,2 22,9 10.8 25,5 16,9 13,5 15,1 Nguon: Bgi hpc An Giang, Kit qui khio sit 2015 So sdnh quyIn ty vd quyen quyet djnh ciia nien tinh yeu va hdn nhan hipn tgi va so vdi khodng 20 ndm trudc day, ket qua phan tich y kiln cua ngudi dan d Bilu cho thay, neu so vdi khoang 20 ndm Phan Thudn 43 trudc day nien chju dnh hudng nhilu tu gia dinh va co quan cdng tdc thi hipn dd nhudng cho cho sy ty tim hilu yeu duong ciia nien vd vai trd cua gia dinh, cha mp chi cd quyIn vipc djnh hudng, tham khdo chd khdng hoan todn quylt djnh hdn nhan ciia hp (Bilu 2) Bilu Quan nipm cua ngirdi ddn vl quyen ty tinh yeu vd quyet djnh hdn nhdn cua nien An Giang hi|n so vdi 20 ndm trudc (%) K^ hdn phil cd obng y cua ccr quan cdngt^ Tl/ tim hi^u ydu di/cmg Chain9c)itcd(Iinhhin>ng,chi/kMlng q u y ^ (Tinh vi$c hdn nhdn cua c i i _ 1!^^^^^^ • H)$n l9i O20ndfn^trvd^diy Nguon: Dgi hgc An Giang, Kit qui khio sit 2015 Cdc thdng tin djnh tinh ciing cho thay quyen ty tim hieu vd quyet djnh kit hdn diu ngudi cugc quylt djnh, cha mp chi cd vai trd dinh hudng chd khdng phdi Id ngudi quylt djnh nhu trudc day Nhu vgy, ciing vdi xu hudng phat triln ciia xd hpi, quyen ty tim hieu va quyet djnh hdn nhdn diu ban than ngudi cupc quyet djnh (Le Nggc Vdn, 2010) Tdi thay nidn bdy gib ty tim hieu vd ygu duong hon trudc ddy rdt nhieu Neu d th^ hd ni6n ciia chung tdi thi dieu ndy hdu nhu rat It Chfnh sy ty ndy da giup cho nhieu c^p vg chdng hanh phiic Han neu, n^u cd sy khd khdn gl thi ben tr^ khdng trdch cha me (Nam, 59 tudi, ndng thdn) Em thay cha me bdy gid chl cd djnh hudng thdi chu* khOng quyet dinh nhu trudc ddy Neu cdm cdn th) sS bd nhd di den g^o nau thdnh com cQng phdi chju thdi Cho nSn, trudc ddy cha mp d^t ddu ngdi dd chd cdn bdy gid thucmg thi cha mp phii cudi thdi (cudi) (Nam, 20 tudi, thdnh thj) Quan ni$m v4 ciic gid trf lien quan d^n m6i quan h$ hdn nhSn-gia dinh So lipu Bdng cho thay, quan nipm ve hdn nhan gia dinh ciia nien An Giang hi§n Id tuong doi cdi md Trong so cdc gia trj lien quan din quan hp hdn nhdn, nign chap nhgn hdn nhan dong gidi chiem ty lp cao nhdt (68,7%), tiep den la vipc chap nhgn tinh yeu khdng gidi hgn tuoi 44 Nghidn cdu Gia dinh vd Gidi Quyin 29, sd 1, tr 38-45 tac, chap nhgn song dgc than va lam mp don than, ddi hdi can cd sy binh ddng gia dinh, chap nhgn vipc ngogi tinh "dng chd, bd dn mem" vd song thd Cd sy khdc bipt rat r6 quan nipm cua nien d thdnh thj vd ndng thdn, nam vd nd Thanh nien thdnh chap nhgn hdn nhan dong gidi chilm ty lp cao hon va d khia cgnh gidi, nam nien cd xu hudng chap nhan quan hp dong gidi nhieu hon nd nien Bdng Sy lya chpn cdc gid trj ve hon nhdn theo quan nipm ciia niSn d nhdm tuli td 16-30 (%) Cdc quan hf hdn nhin Long An Pho Nam Xuy^n (IQT) (77) Nfr Chung (89) (166) ^?) Ch^ nl^in hdn nhan dcHig gidi Tbih yeu Idioi^ gidi hpn tuoi tic Sin sing sing d^ dian Chdp nh§n khdng ch^g nhung v§n cd Chap nh$n "ong 3n chi, bi Sai mem" Cd quyen dupe ly hon khdng h^nh phuc Ch^ nhgn chung sing tmdc ket hdn Cdng vi?c npi try Id trich nhi?m ciia vp H6n nhSn khdng cdn cdtinhy€u Cd nhi^u cing tit Nh^ djnh phii cd trai de noi dOi 84,7 69,5 57,6 66,1 66,1 54,2 52,5 35,6 30,5 13,6 13,6 59,8 65,4 70,1 65,4 58,9 58,9 57,9 16,8 11,2 14,0 11,2 72,7 70,1 70,1 68,8 67,5 59,7 55,8 24,7 19,5 14,3 14,3 65,2 64,0 61,8 62,9 56,2 55,1 56,2 22,5 16,9 13,5 10,1 68,7 66,9 65,7 65,7 61,4 57,2 56,0 23,5 18,1 13,9 12,0 Nguon: D9i hpc An Giang, Kit qui khio sit 2015 Kit qud phan tich cho thay hai xu hudng r5 rang lya chgn gid trj ve hdn nhan gia dinh ciia nien An Giang hipn vd so vdi 20 trudc day Chdng hgn, da s l ngudi dan cho rdng 20 ndm trudc day nien nhat dinh phdi cd trai noi ddi, cang cd nhieu cdng tot; cdn hipn khdng cdn nhilu nien chap nhgn gid trj ndy md hg cd xu hudng chdp nhgn vipc hdn nhdn dong gidi va lam mp don than nhilu han Vi dy cd tdi 88,4% ngudi tra Idi cho rdng nien hi^n "chap nhgn hon nhan ddng gidi" chi cd 5,2% ngudi cho rdng thaih nien 20 ndm trade cd c h ^ nhgn hipn tugng Ngodi ra, gid trj binh ddng gia dinh cung dugc nien hipn ddn nhgn nhieu hon, bdi 12 nien cua 20 ndm trudc chju anh hudng tu quan nipm "chong chiia vg tdi", "phu xudng phu tiing" ; hipn sy lya chgn "song d^c than", "tinh yeu khdng gidi hgn tuoi tac" dugc nien chap nhgn nhieu hem Mgt quan hp khac cung the hi^n rd sy khdc bi^t gida hai thi bp dd Id m$t bg phgn nien hipn chap nhgn vipc "dng dn chd bd dn nem" nhilu hon nien trudc day, sy khdc bipt la bdi nien cdng bj Phan Thudn 45 anh hudng ciia loi song Tay hda va cd thai dp ddi hdi phai nhin nhgn lgi gia trj thiiy chung cho ca hai gidi; thi hp nien trudc day bj dnh budng ndng ne bdi quan dilm "trai ndm the bdy thilp, gdi chinh chuyen chi cd mpt chong" vd sy thiiy chung ludn dp d§t ve phia phy nd Sy thay doi quan nipm hdn nhan, gia dinh ciia nien An Giang, theo quan diem cua ngudi dan, dd la bdn than nien ngdy cdng cd hgc van cao ban (57,6%), cd sy ndng dpng, sang tgo hon (55,1%), sy phat triln biing no ciia cdng nghp thdng tin (42,1%), vd sy phdt triln xa hdi (47%) vd sy du nhgp cua luong van hda va nhdn thdc mdi vl thdi dgi (khoang 37%) Ngoai ra, cdn cd mgt so nguyen nhan khac dan den sy thay doi quan nipm ciia nien dd Id sy ddm nghT, dam 1dm, sy thay dii each gido dye ciia gia dinh vd nha trudng Cd the ndi, sy lya chgn cac gia trj tinh yeu hdn nhan gia dinh cd Hen quan din mdt trudng xd hgi hda cd nhan, von la yeu to cd vai trd quan trpng djnh hudng gid trj tinh yeu, hon nhdn vd gia dinh cho nien hipn K5t lu$n Nghien cuu da cho thay, gia trj ve linh yeu, hdn nhan va gia dinh it dugc nien chii y chuoi cdc gid trj song hien vd cd sy khdc bipt ve mdc dg quan tam nhdm ni€n theo mgt s6 d^c dilm cd nhan nhu tuoi, gidi tinh va dja ban sinh song So vdi khodng 20 ndm trudc day, sy lya chgn gia trj vl tinh yeu, hdn nhan va gia dinh ciia nien An Giang c6 xu hudng nghieng ve nhiing gia trj quan hp hdn nhan, gia dinh hipn dgi, theo loi song thj va Tay hda Thyc te ggi rdng vipc djnh hudng gid tri hdn nhan, gia dinh cho nien Id rdt cdn thiet va nhiing gia tri rdt can dugc djnh hudng cho nien mgt each rgng rdi ban ni^a.l Tdi lipu (rich dan Trdn Thj Phyng Hd, Nguyin Ngpc L$ 2014 "Bjnh hudng gid trj tinh yeu, hdn nhdn vd gia dinh ciia sinh viSn dgi hpc Can Tho" Tgp chi khoa hoc Dgi hoc Cdn Tha, Sd 33, tr 63-74 Nguyen V5n Lugt, Nguyen Do Hong Nhung 2010 "Djnh hudng gid trj vipc lya chpn bgn ddi cua sinh viSn" Tgp chi Tdm ly hgc, Sd tr 42-48 LeNgpc Vdn 2010 Biln doi giadinh Vipt Nam Nxb Khoa hpc xd hpi, Hd Npi ... An Giang, Kit qui khio sit 2015 Kit qud phan tich cho thay hai xu hudng r5 rang lya chgn gid trj ve hdn nhan gia dinh ciia nien An Giang hipn vd so vdi 20 trudc day Chdng hgn, da s l ngudi dan... phy nd Sy thay doi quan nipm hdn nhan, gia dinh ciia nien An Giang, theo quan diem cua ngudi dan, dd la bdn than nien ngdy cdng cd hgc van cao ban (57,6%), cd sy ndng dpng, sang tgo hon (55,1%),... thj) Quan ni$m v4 ciic gid trf lien quan d^n m6i quan h$ hdn nhSn -gia dinh So lipu Bdng cho thay, quan nipm ve hdn nhan gia dinh ciia nien An Giang hi§n Id tuong doi cdi md Trong so cdc gia trj