Thông tin tài liệu
TRTET HOC, SO 12 (319), THANO 12 - 2017 QUAN mjSM CUA C.MAC Vfe NANG SUAT LAO DONG TRONG TUBAN Phgm Van Himg' ' Thjic Sl, Vien Triit hpc, Vi^n H ^ ISm Khoa hpc xS h§i Vift Nam Email: phamanhngoc211 l@gmai!.com Nhan ng&y 10 thfing nSm 2017 Ch^p nhfin dSng ng4y 25 th^g 11 n^m 2017 Tom tdt: Trong bai viit, tdc gid lugn giai, lam rd quan nl^m ciia C.Mac vi nang sudt lao dOng va nhiing yeu td anh hirdng den viOc ndng cao nang sudt lao dpng De ndng cao nang sudt lao dOng, ben cgnh nhflng dieu kiOn ty nhiln, C.Mac nhan mgnh nhung yeu td x3 hOi, nhu sy phan cdng lao dpng xa hpi, quy md va hiOu sudt cua tu lipu san xuat, trinh dp kheo l^o, Idnh nghi cua ngudi lao dOng, s\f phdt trien cua khoa hpc va cdng nghO, cung nhu trinh dO dp dung khoa hpc vao quy trinh cdng nghf Tir khoa: C.Mac, nang sudt lao dpng, tu bdn Sau 30 ndm ddi mdi ddt nude, Viet Nam da dgt dupe nhttng tyu ldn v i kinh t i - xa hdi, nhu nin kinh t i tri sy tang tradng dn dinh d mdc dO khd, thodt khdi nhdm cac nude ngheo, trd quic gia ed thu nhdp trang binh Tuy nhiln, nin kinh te van cdn bOc 10 nhiiu yiu kem, nhu tang tradng kinh te d mdc cao nhung dang cd xu hudng ch|m lgi vdi chat lupng tang trudng thdp va thiiu bin viing, sdc cgnh tranh yiu va kem hilu qud MOt nhttng nguyen nhan cua tinhto-gngtrin la sy tang tiirdng chu yiu theo ehiiu rdng; nang sudt lao dpng thdp va khoang each ldn so vdi cac nude khu vyc vd quic tl Trude yeu cdu do, Nghi quyit Hpi nghi lan thu tu Ban Chdp hdnh Trang uong Dang khda XII da khdng dinh chu traong: "Dii mdi md hinh tang trudng la d i nang cao chdt lupng tdng tradng, nang sudt lao dOng va sure cgnh tranh cua nin kinh ti, phat triin 74 nhanh va bin vflng todn didn v i ed kinh ti, xd hpi va mdi tradng ( ) Ddi mdi md hinh tang tradng theo hudng chu trpng va cdng dya nhiiu han vdo cdc nhdn td thdc ddy tang nang suat lao dOng, sd dyng hieu qua cae nguin lyc" [4, tr.55] Theo do, tang tradng cua Vipt Nam cdn chuyin dii sang md hinh tang tradng dya tren chat lupng, hiOu qua va nang sudt san xudt, ma nhi$m Vil trgng tdm la phdi tdng ndng sudt lao ddng Do vdy, d i gdp phdn hien thyc hda chu traong nay, viOc lu|n giai va ldm rd tu tudng cfla C.Mac v i ndng sudt lao dOng ed y nghTa Iy lugn va thyc tiin sdu sdc Trong Tu bdn, CMdc da nghiin cun phuang thdc sdn xudt tu bdn chd nghTa vdi myc dich tim quy lugt v|n dpng cua ddi song xa hOi, trade tiin la quy lu|t kmh ti cfla xd hOi hipn dgi Ong bdt dau nghien cuu xd hOi tu ban td yiu to nhd nhdt, don gian nhdt nin kinh t i la hang hda CMdc PHAM V A N HUNG la ngudi ddu tien phat hiin hdng hda ed hai tiiuOc tinh la gid rx\ va gid toi sd dyng lao dOng cua ngudi sdn xudt cd tfnh chdt hai mdt la vda mang tinh chdt trim tupng, vda mang tinh chdt cu tiii Lao ddng cy tiii tgo gia tri sd dyng cua hdng hda, cdn lao dOng trdu tupng tgo gia toi Tinh chat hai mgt cfla lao dOng biiu hipn hdng hda dupe CMde khdng dinh: "Bdt kj' lao dOng ndo, mOt mgt, eung diu Id sy chi phi sdc lao dpng cfla ngudi hiiu theo y nghia sinh Iy, va chinh vdi tinh chdt lao dOng giong cua ngudi, hay lao dOng trim tupng ciia ngudi, ma lao dOng tgo gia toi cua hdng hda Mat khac, bdt ky lao dpng nao cflng la mOt sy chi phi sue lao dOng eda ngudi dudi mOt hinh thdi ddc bipt, ed muc dich, vd ehinh vdi tfnh chdt lao dOng cy thi, cd feh cua nd md lao dOng tgo nen gia toi sd dung" [1, tr.78-79] ddy, lao dOng cy till la lao dOng cd ich dudi mOt hinh thuc cu thi cua nhiing nghi nghipp ehuyen mdn nhat dinh, nhu ngudi lam nghe may, ngudi lam banh, ngudi lam nghl mOc ; cdn lao dOng trim tupng la lao dOng da gat bd nhiing hinh tiide cy thi eda nd, la sy tiiu hao sdc lao dOng san xudt hang hda eda ngudi sdn xudt Gid tri cfla hang hda lao dpng trim tuong kit tinh hang hda va nd dupe bdng thdi gian lao ddng xa hpi can thiet Td nghiin cuu ve hang hda vd cdc thuOc tinh eua nd, C M ^ dd di sdu nghiin ciiru qud tiinh san xudt gid tri thdng du cua ehu nghia tu ban Ong nhan thay rdng, vipe tdng ndng sudt lao dOng la mOt phuong tiOn ehu yiu d i nhd tu bdn tang Ipi nhu|n vd tfch luy Td dd, CMdc da dinh nghia ndng sudt lao dOng nhu sau: " ddy, dudi danh tu ndng cao ndng suat cfla lao dOng, chung ta hiiu la mpi su thay ddi ndi chung qud trinh lao dOng, iJid nd ma thdi gian lao dOng xd hOi cdn thiit d i sdn xuat hdng hda ndo dd dupe rut ngau lgi; thdnh thd mpt si lupng lao dOng it hon lgi cd ndng lyc sdn xudt mpt sd lupng gia tri sd dyng Idn hon" [1, tr.458] Nhu vgy, nang sudt lao dOng Id su bilu hiin sdc sdn xudt cfla lao dpng N6 dupre bang sd lupng sdn phdm h ^ g hda dupe sdn xuat mdt khoang thdi gian nhdt dinh, hoge khoang thdi gian lao dOng hao phi nhdt dinh dh Idm mOt sdn pham Sy tdng len cfla nang suat lao dOng dupe hilu la cflng mOt lupng lao dpng nhu eu hoac it hon, nhung s i lupng hdng hda dupe ldm va sd lupng gia tri su dyng ldn hon, khiin cho thdi gian lao dOng xa hOi can thiet de lam mdt san pham dupe rut ngan lgi Khi ban vi gia tri eda hang hda, CMdc chi ddc dilm quan trpng cfla ndng sudt lao dOng hay sue san xudt cua lao dpng Dd Id: " Sdc sdn xuat bao gid cflng la sdc sdn xuat cfla lao dpng ed feh, eiia lao dOng cy thi, vd thuc ti, nd chi ndi lln mdc dO hipu qua cua mOt hogt dOng san xuat cd mye dich mOt khoang thdi gian nhat dinh Vi vgy, lao dOug eo ieh la mOt ngudn sdng tao sdn phdm thi nhiiu tM it, theo ty Id thuan vdi sy tang hay gidm sdc san xuat eua no Nguoc Igi, mOt sy biin dii sue san xuat, ty ban than nd, khdng h i anh hudng mOt ehdt nao din lao dpng bieu hiOn gia tri cua hdng hda Vi sde san xudt thuOc v i hinh thai lao dOng cy thi c6 ich cfla nd" [1, tr.78] Vdi quan diim nay, C.Mac cho rang, mgt mgt, sy tang lln eda nang sudt lao dOng xd hOi la sy phdn dnh ndng sudt, hilu qua cfla lao dOng cy thi, CO ich tdng; mat khdc, ndng suat lao dOng cua nhflng nganh sdn xudt khdc thi khdc nhau, ehd ddi tupng va each thdc sdn xudt eua cdc nganh sdn xudt la khde nhau; cac giai dogn khac nhau, ndng sudt cua moi ngdnh va ITnh vye sdn xuat cung khdc 75 QUAN NIBM CUA C M A C VE N A N G S U A T LAO D O N G CMdc ciing da chi nhflng diiu kiOn ty nhiln eda vile tdng ndng suat lao dOng: Mgt Id, sy phong phu tu nhiln ve nhflng tdi nguyen dflng lam tu lieu sinh hogt, nhu sy mdu md cua dat dai, nhung noi nhiiu sdn v|t ty nhiln cung cap eho eon ngudi ; hai la, sy phong phd ty nhien ve nhiing tai nguyin dflng lam tu lipu lao ddng, nhu gS, kim logi, than da, v.v Theo dng, vdo budi ddu cfla nin vdn minh nhdn logi, trinh dO eda lyc lupng san xuat cdn thap, dieu kipn thd nhdt cd f nghTa quyet dinh den nang sudt lao ddng cfla ngudi, dd nang suat lao dOng thdi ky rdt thdp Ciing vdi sy gia tdng cfla trinh dp eda lyc lupng sdn xudt, diiu kiOn ty nhidn thd hai cua vile tdng ndng suat lao dOng eang cd vai trd quan trpng Trong xa hOi tu ban chfl nghTa, ndng suat lao ddng cao han nang suat cfla tat ca cac xa hdi trade dd VI dilu nay, C.Mac khang djnh: "Cung vtn sy phat toiln cfla nang sudt lao dOng, do, ciing vdi sy phat trien ciia phuang thdc sdn xudt tu ban chfl nghTa Id phuang thde sdn xudt phat trien sdc sdn xudt xa hOi cua lao dOng nhieu hon tat ed mpi phuong thuc san xuat torudc nd" [2, tr.215] Nang sudt dd cfla chfl nghla tu ban "khdng phai la tdng v|t eda ty nhien md Id tgng vgt cua mOt Uch su bao trum hang nghin thi k^" [1, tr.723] Ngodi nhiing dieu kiOn tu nhiln cua vile tang nang sudt lao dOng, CMac cdn nhan mgnh nhiing yeu to xd hdi tac dOng din vipe tang ndng sudt lao dOng, nhu "toinh dO khio ldo trung binh cfla ngudi cdng nhan, mdc dO phdt trien cua khoa hpc va trinh dO dp dyng khoa hpc vdo quy trinh cdng nghe, sy kit hpp xa hOi eda qua trinh san xudt, quy md va hipu suat cfla tu lipu lao dOng" [1, tr.69] Nhttng yiu t i Id nhung nhan t i chfnh ldm tdng ndng suat lao ddng vd ehdng cd nOi dung cy thi nhu sau: Mpt Id, sir phdn eong lao ddngxd hgi CMde cho rang, "toan bd nhflng gid tri sd dyng hay vgt thi hdng hda khdc the hiOn todn bO nhflng lao dOng cd ieh, cflng nhieu hinh nhieu ve, ciing chia bdy nhiiu logi, gidng, hp, nhanh vd biln chflng khdc - ndi tdm lgi Id thi hien sy phdn cdng lao dOng xa hOi Sy phan cdng lao dOng xd hOi la diiu kiOn t i n tgi cfla nin san xudt hdng hda, mac ddu ngupe Igi, sdn xudt hang hda khdng phdi la dieu kiln tdn tgi cfla sy phan cdng lao dOng xa hdi" [1, tr.72] day, su phdn cdng lao dOng xd hOi Id sy phan chia lao dOng xd hdi cae nganh, nghe khde nhau, dan din su ehuyen mdn hda sdn xuat khiin cho mdi ngudi chl san xuat mOt hole mOt s i san phdm, hang hda nhat dinh CMde viit: "Do kit qud cfla vile phdn chia cac nganh sdn xudt xd hOi ma hdng hda Iam dupe tot hon, nhiing ndng khieu va tdi ndng khdc eda ngudi cd the ty chpn lay cho minh nhiing ITnh vyc hogt dOng thich hap, va niu khdng hgn che ITnh vue hogt dOng thi khdng the thye hipn mpt dieu ^ dang k i bdt ky ITnh vuc nao Nhu vdy Id cd sdn phdm ldn ngudi san xudt diu dupe cdi tiin nhd sy p h ^ cdng lao dOng" [1, tr.531] Mac dfl sy phdn cdng lao dOng xa hOi la vipe hgn chl ngudi sdn xudt vdo mOt ITnh vuc nghi nghiOp d|c thu, nhung nd khidn san phdm ldm vdi chdt lupng tot hon vd hon nua, ngudi lao dOng cd thi lam vipe vdi dflng sd tradng, kha ndng ciia minh Td dd, s i lupng va chdt lugng hang hoa dupe ndng cao vd ngudi sdn xudt hang hda hoan thipn bdn than minh hon Trong nin kinh t i hdng hda, phan cdng lao dOng xd hOi thuc ddy ehuyen mdn hda, tgo nhiing nganh san xudt mdi nhdm thda man nhu cau tieu dflng cdng tdng cua ngudi Hon ntta, phdn cdng lao dOng xd hOi cdn thuc day edng cu PHAM VAN HUNG lao ddng dupe sd dyng ngdy eang hien dgi dan din nang sudt lao dOng xd hOi cdng tang Moi mOt phat minh mdi vi cdng cy lao ddng dem lgi hipu qua qua tiinh san xudt se ldm phan cdng lao dOng xd hOi phat triin; nguoc lgi, din lupt mmh, phdn edng lao dong lgi thdc ddy nhflng phdt minh mdi vd may mdc xuat hipn Phdn cdng lao dOng xa hdi tgo diiu kiln sd dyng mdy mdc ngdy cdng hien dai ddn tdi ndng sudt lao dOng xa hpi dupe nang eao Theo CMac, can phai phan bilt hai logi phdn cdng lao dOng Id phdn cdng lao dOng xa hOi vd phdn cdng lao ddng cdng tradng thu cdng Neu tien de vat chat cua su phan cdng lao dOng cdng tradng thu cdng la mOt sd edng nhdn nhdt dinh, thi tiin di vat chat cfla sy phan cdng lao dOng xd hOi la sd lupng dan cu vd mat dp ddn so Tuy nhiln, mac du cd rdt nhiiu sy giing vd mdi lien he giiia phan cdng lao dpng xd hdi va phdn cdng lao dpng cdng tradng thu cdng, nhung hai logi phdn cdng dd cdn khdc ve ca bdn Dd Id, sy phdn edng lao dOng xd hpi lay vile mua ban cae sdn phdm cua nhiing nganh lao ddng khdc lam mdi gidi; sy phan cdng lao dOng cdng trudng thu cdng Idy viOc ban nhiing sue lao dpng khdc cho cimg mOt nha tu ban lam mdi gidi [Xem; 1, tr.512-516] Mat khdc, nlu su phan cdng lao dpng xa hOi cdn cd d nhttng giai dogn phdt toiin khdc cua cae hinh thai kinh te - xa hOi, thi sy phan eong lao dOng cdng tradng thu cdng lgi chi la tinh chat dac thfl cfla phuong thdc sdn xudt tu ban chd nghia Tinh chdt dde thu the hien d cho, mgt mat, sy phan cdng lao ddng ttong cdng tmdng thfl cdng dd tgo mOt td ehdc lao dOng xd hOi md d dd, nang sudt lao dOng tdng cao ldm tdng them gia toi cfla tu ban Day Id mdt sy tiin bO Uch su va cflng Id mOt tdt yiu kmh ti sy phat triin kinh ti - xa hdi; mdt khde, theo CMdc, "nd lgi Id mdt thu dogn bdc lOt van minh va tmh vi" [1, tt.529] Tuy nhien, dfl d giai dogn ndo, thi ndi chung, su phan cdng lao ddng xd hdi hop I^ ludn dan din vipe ndng cao nang sudt lao dpng, cho nd thue ddy cdi tidn cdng cu lao dpng vd thuc ddy sdn xuat phat triin Nhu vdy, ed the ndi, quan nilm cfla CMde ve phdn cdng lao dong xa hdi cd y nghia Iy luan ddi vdi vile ndng eao ndng suat lao ddng sdn xuat Phdn cdng lao dpng xa hOi thdc ^ y nin kmh t i hang hda phat trien, 1am da dang gia tri su dyng eda hang hda nhdm thda man nhu eau ngdy cdng tdng cfla ngudi, td dd, thi tnrdng the gidi dupe md rOng vd ddn tdi phan cdng lao dOng qudc te Sy phan cdng lao ddng qudc t l duoc day mgnh giiia cac khu vyc, cac qude gia tren the gidi Cac quic gia, dya tren dilu kiOn ve ty nhien, kinh te, khoa hpc, edng nghl, sdp xIp, dilu chinh lgi nhiing ITnh vye, nganh san ximt eda minh theo hudng tap tnmg vao nhung ngdnh, ITnh vye cd thi mgnh, ddng thdi tang eudng hpp tdc, trao ddi va hOi nh|p kinh tl the gidi O ddy, sy phdn cdng lao dOng hpp ly Id dieu kipn quan ttpng nhdm nang cao nang suat lao dOng ddi vdi mdi qudc gia tten the gidi Hai Id, quy md vd hi^u sudt cua tu li$u sdn xudt Tu liOu sdn xudt bao gdmtu lieu lao dOng vd cac dii tuang lao dpng Quy md vd hiOu sudt cfla tu lieu lao san xudt cd tac dOng trye tiip din nang suat san xuat hang hda CMac viit: "Mdc ndng sudt lao ddng xd hOi biiu hien d dgi lupng tuong ddi cfla nhflng tu lieu san xudt ma ngudi edng nhan bien san pham ttong mOt khoang thdi gian nhat dinh vdi mOt mdc eang thdng nhu cu cua sdc lao dOng Khoi lupng nhihig tu lieu san xudt ma ngudi 77 QUAN M g M CUA C M A C VE N A N G S U A T LAO DONG cdng nhan dung 6e hoat dOng thi tdng len cung vdi ndng suat lao dOt^ cfla ngudi d ^ y , cac tu lipu sdn xudt dd ddng hai vai ttd Sy tdng len cfla sd tu liOu san xudt ndo la k ^ qua, cdn sy tang lln cfla mOt sd eda mOt sd khac Ihi lgi la diiu kien eua viOe tang ndi^ suat lao dpng" (••-)- Nhung du Id diiu k i ^ hay la kit qua thi dgi Iupng dang tdng lln cua nhung tu lipu sdn xuat so vdi sdc lao ddng duac kit hpp vdo vdi chung Cling vin la bieu hiin c m mOt ndng sudt lao dOng dang tang lln" [1, tt.876-877] Nhu v|y, sy tang nang sudt lao dpng thi hien d vile gidm bdt khdi lupng lao dpng so vdi khii luon^ tu lieu sdn xudt md lao dpng dd sd dyng vd duge CMdc gpi la: The hiOn d su gidm bdt dgi lupng ciia nhan td chu quan cua qua trinh lao ddng so vdi cac nhdn td khdch quan cua qud trinh Quy md tu lipu sdn xuat dugc md rOng theo hudng tdi sdn xudt md rpng theo chieu rdng thi hipn d sy tdng thim sd lugng tu liOu san xudt ttong sdn xudt Cd the ndi, ttong cimg mOt diiu kipn san xuat thi hipn d trinh dp ky thudt ngang thi viee md rOng quy md sdn xuat ldn ban se chiem uu thi ldn ttong cgnh ttanh Diiu the hiOn d cho, viec tgp trung quy md Idn tu lifu sdn xudt ttong diiu kiln sd dyng chung se khiln gidm chi phi sua chfla, bdo qudn Mdt khdc, quy md tu lipu san xuat cdn dupe md rdng theo hudng tai san xudt md rOng theo chiiu sau sd dyng nhflng tu liOu san xuat hien dgi vdo ttong sdn xuat; bdi vi, khoa hpc - kj^ thugt hien dgi tao dieu kipn san xuat nhflng tu liOu lao dOng mdi tgo ndng suat san xuat cao hon CMdc khdng dinh rdng, sy tdng len eda nhttng tu liOu san xudt vua Id tiin dh, vita Id kit qua cfla sy phat trien sdc sdn xudt xa hOi cua lao dOng [Xem: 2, tt.215] Diiu nghTa Id, ndng sudt lao dOng dugc nang cao cung vdi 78 sy tdng quy md cua nhung tu lipu lao ddng qua trinh sdn xu^ Theo CMdc, ttong qua trinh san xudt, khoi lugng nhflng tu liOu lao dOng dupe dflng todn bO vdo viOc tao sdn phdm, "gia nhgp vmh viin vdo qud trinh sdn xuat dudi hinh thdi tu lieu lao dpng va khdng ngimg ttd 1^ hogt dpng qud trinh ay ( ) Cung vdi sy tdng len cua quy md sdn xuat vd ciing vdi vipe ndng cao sdc sdn xudt eda lao ^ n g nhd hilp tdc, sy phdn cdng lao dOng vd viOc diing mdy mdc, v.v., till khdi lupng nguyin HOu, v|t lipu phy, V.V., gia nhgp vao qua trinh tdi sdn xuat hdng ngdy, ciing tang len" [2, tt.215] Chiing phyc vu khdng cdng gidng nhu cac dieu kiOn ty nhiln, nhu nude, khdng khf Trong dilu kiln khoa hpc - k^ thudt cdng hien dgi, niu quy md tu lieu sdn xuat eang tang, tid sy phyc vu khdng cdng ciia ede tu HOu lao dOng cdng dugc tich luy HiOu sudt eda tu lilu sdn xudt phdn anh mdc hipu qua eda tu lipu san xuat vd khd ndng khai thac cdng suat hogt dpng eda cdc tu HOu lao dOng dugc ngucn sdn xudt su dyng vdo ttong qua trinh sdn xudt Hipu sudt eda tu HOu sdn xuat cao vira thi hipn trinh dO khoa hgc - ky thugt tiin bO hon, vira thi hipn kha ndng sd dyng tdt may mde va hgn ehi dugc nhiing hao mdn ttong qud trinh sd dyng Mdt khdc, ttong qua trinh sdn xudt, "tu lipu lao dOng Id mOt vat, hay la todn bO nhflng v|t md ngudi ddt gitta hp va dii tugng lao dOng, vd dugc hp dflng ldm vgt trayin ddn hogt dpng cua hp vdo doi tugng dy" [1, tt 268] day, tir HOu lao dOng Id raOt khdi niOm d i cap ve mpt v|t hay hp thing nhflng vdt iam rfiiOm vy tmyin din sy tdc dpng cOa eon ngudi lln dii tugng lao dOng, nhdm biin doi doi tugng lao dOng thdnh nhflng sdn phdm thda mdn nhu edu ndo cua ngudi CMdc viit: "Nhflng PHAM VAN HUNG thai dgi kinh t i khdc khdng phdi d cho ehung sdn xudt edi gi, md Id d cho chung sdn xudt bdng each nao, vdi nhfli^ tu lipu lao dpng ndo" [1, tt.269] Rdng, cac toi lieu lao ddng - diiu kiOn vgt chdt cdn thiit eho qud toinh lao dOng, khdng nhflng Id tieu chf cua nhttng quan hd xa hdi dd lao ddng dugc tien hanh, md cdn Id thude nang sudt lao dOng cao hay thdp Trong do, tu Hlu lao dong gdm cdng cy lao dOng va phuong tidn lao ddng Trong quan he gitta ndng suat lao ddng vdi cdng cy lao dOng thi "ndng suat lao ddng khdng phdi chi phu thuOc vao tai nghO kheo leo cua ngudi lao dOng, ma edn phy thuoc vdo tmh ehat hodn bi cfla cdng cu eda hp niia" [1, tt.495] Cdng cy lao dOng gifl vai ttd quyit dinh ddi vdi nang suat lao dpng vd chdt tupng san pham Ciing vdi ngudi lao dOng, cdng cu lao dOng khdng chi la yeu to co bdn eda lyc lupng sdn xuat, biiu hiin trinh dO phdt trien cfla san xuat, ma cdn Id thude kha nang chinh phyc ty nhien cfla ngudi Su phdt trien cfla cdng cy lao ddng gdy biin ddi sdu sdc todn bO tu liOu sdn xudt Trong thdi dgi nay, vdi sy phat trien nhu vfl bdo cfla khoa hpc vd cdng nghl, nhflng tu lieu san xuat eang dugc ddi mdi, hodn thidn vd hiOn dgi hon thi vdn de sd dyng nhung tu lieu dd nhu the nao mOt edch hiOu qua nhat ddi hdi d trinh kheo leo, lanh nghl va trinh dO dp dyng khoa hpc vao quy trinh cdng nghp cfla ngudi lao dpng Ba la, trinh dd kheo leo, Idnh nghi eua ngudi lao ddng Trinh dd kheo leo, Idnh nghi the hipn d mdc dO hoan thiOn ky nang, ky xdo vd sy thdnh thgo cfla cac thao tdc qud trinh lao dOng, sdn xudt Theo CMdc, ttong thdi ky ddu cfla nin vdn minh, trinh dO cfla lyc lugng sdn xuat edn Igc h|u, sdn xudt chd yeu dya vdo lao ddng chdn tay vd cac eong cy lao dOng thfl edng Khi dd, trinh dO kheo leo cua ngudi lao dpng mang tilth chdt gian don, thd so nin nang sudt lao dpng thdp Cung vdi sy phat triin cua san xudt, trinh dp cua lyc lugng san xuat ngdy eang cao; trinh dp kheo leo, mdc dp lanh nghi eda ngudi lao dOng cflng cdng hoan thien hon Trong xa hpi tu ban chu nghia, nin dgi cdng nghiep ca ddi vdi ndng sudt lao ddng vugt hon han nang sudt cita nhung giai dogn trade Luc nay, mdy mdc dan thay the nhfli^ tao ddng bdng chan tay; trinh dp kheo leo, lanh nghi cua ngudi lao dOng the hien sy thdnh thgo, thudn thye cdc kS nang, ky xao ttong sd dyng cae may mdc dd Khi nhttng may mdc, trang thiit bi dugc cai ti^ ddi hdi ngudi lao dOng ciing phai thich dng nham hoan thien hon nhiing ky ndng, kf xdo Dilu ndy ddi hdi ngudi lao dOng phai ed nhflng kiin thdc nhat dinh de lam chfl nhflng may mdc, thiet bi ca Trong nen san xudt hiin dai, ngudi lao dpng edn CO nang lyc phat trien toan diln dl dfl sdc thdng thao toan bp qua trinh san xudt, can cd nang lyc ve tri tuO di ldm chu cdng nghO mdi nham nang cao hieu qua tu lieu sdn xudt ngdy cdng hiOn dgi Ngdy nay, ttong nin kinh t i tri thdc, co cdu lao ddng cd su ehuyen dich td lao ddng chdn tay sang lao dOng tri dc theo hudng lao dpng tri dc eang chiem ti ttpng ldn va cd vai ttd quan ttpng; dd, trinh dO kheo leo, Idnh nghi cua ngudi lao dOng thi hiin d sy sdng tgo, ldm chfl nhiing cdng cy, phuang tiOn lao dOng hipn dgi, d sy dng dyng nhiing thdnh tyu cua khoa hpe vd cdng nghO vdo qua tiinh san xudt Cd the thdy, trinh dO thdnh thgo, lanh nghe ciia ngudi lao dOng, mgt mgt, nang khieu, tai nang bdm sinh; mdt khdc, cd ti'nh quyit 79 QUAN NIEM C O A C M A C VE N A N G SUAT LAO D O N G dinh, la sy ren luydn, hpc tgp, khdng ngdi^ nang cao ttinh dO ehuyin mdn, sy th^ih thgo ttong cdng vipe va hon nfla, khdng ngimg nang cao tri thdc cfla bdn thdn Trinh dp kheo leo, Idnh nghi eda ngudi lao ddng la tiiu chi quan ttpng dl ddnh gia chdt lugng ngudn nhan luc Trong nin kinh ti tti thde, trinh dp eda ngudi lao dOi^ tao uu the cgnh tranh Idn sdn xudt, kinh doanh Nhu vdy, cd tiii ndi, cflng vdi sy phdt triin ciia nen sdn xudt xa hOi, ndng sudt lao dOng xd hdi tdng eao trinh dO kheo leo, Idnh nghi trang binh cua ngudi lao dOng cdng hoan thiOn cimg vdi sy hoan thien, phdt triin cfla cdng cy lao dOng da lam giam thdi gian lao dOng ca biet, hang hda dugc sdn xudt nhiiu hon; gia tri hang hda sl gidm xudng va ed sdc cgnh tranh hon trin thi tmdng Bdn la, su phdt triin cua khoa hgc vd cdng nghi, trinh dg dp dung khoa hgc vdo quy trinh cdng nghi Khoa hpc Id he thing tri thuc chan thyc cfla ngudi ve nhiing quy lii|t vd tfnh quy lu|t eua sy phat toiin ty nhiln, xd hOi vd tu vd dugc thyc tiin kiim nghiim [Xem: 6, tt.10-12] Cdng nghO la nhflng hiiu bilt, tri thue nhdm tgo cac gidi p h ^ ky thugt, cdc phuang tien vat chat dugc dp dung ttong san xuat va ddi sdng [Xem: 6, tt.56-57] Nhu v|y, khoa hpc cd nhiem vu la phat hipn cdc quy ludt cua ty nhien, xa hOi va tu duy, edn edng nghl cd nhiem vy dng dyng cac nguyen ly, quy lu|t, ly thuyit cfla khoa hpc vao ttong sdn xuat vd ddi sing v i dieu nay, CMdc viit: "Sy phat triin sdc sdn xudt cita lao dOng ttong mOt nganh sdn xudt ( ), sy phat ttiin ndy lgi cdn cd the thupe mdt phdn vdo sy tiin bO ttong linh vyc nhflng nganh khoa hpc tu nhien va sy dng dung nhflng khoa hpc dd" [3, tt.l32] Nhu vgy, khoa hpc (dac bipt la khoa hpc tu 80 nhiln) vd sy dng dyng eda nd vdo qud trinh sdn xudt idm tdng ndng sudt lao dOng Hon niia, CMde cdn dy dodn din mpt trinh dO phdt triin ndo dd, khoa hpe khdng nhiing ndng eao ndng sudt lao dOng, md cdn ttd thdnh lyc lugng sdn xudt trye tiip Tuy nhien, d i ^ cflng lira y rdng, bdn than khoa hpc ty nd khdng thi lam biin dii dieu ^ , md phdi thdng qua su vgn dung vdo hogt dOng thye tien cfla eon ngudi vd vi thi, khda hgc gan liin vdi eong nghO Cflng vdi sy phat trien cfla san xuat, nhiing phdt minh khoa hpc dugc thd nghipm, dng dyng vdo thuc tien san xuat nham nang cao ndng suat lao dpng Trong qud trinh lao dOng, ngudi lao ddng khdng nhiing hao phi sue co bdp, ma cdn hao phf lao dOng tri dc ma d dd, nhung tri thuc cua khoa hpc vd cdng nghO dugc vdt chat hda qua su phat trien cfla lyc lupng san xuat CMac eho rdng, nhiing tyu eua khoa hpc va cdng nghl la yiu td quyit dinh trye tiip din sy phat trien ciia edng cy lao dOng, khiln nd khdng ngimg dupe cai tien, lam cho lao dpng eo bdp eda ngudi giam xudng vd dugc thay the bdng lao dOng cfla may mdc khien nang sudt lao ddng tdng cao Trong thdi dgi nay, su tien bO cua khoa hpc khien lao dpng cita eon ngudi md rOng doi tupng lao dpng, cho phdp eon ngudi khai thdc cd hipu qua tai nguyin thiin nhien va che tgo nhieu nguyin, vat lieu mdi cd ung dyng hieu qua ttong san xuat, nhu v|t HOu sieu dan, silu bin, vgt lieu nand Vdi sy phat trien nhu vG bao cfla khoa hpc va cdng nghl, dac biet ttong diiu kipn ma cuOc each mgng edng nghiep ldn thu tu dang diln ra, nhiiu nguin ndng iupng mdi, nang lupng sgch da thay thi nhflng ndng lugng trayen thdng, nhu ndng lugng mat trdi, ndng lupng sde gid, sdc nude Trong luih vyc cdng nghO, nhiiu ITnh vyc cdng nghe mdi ddi da giflp cho eon ... hda, CMdc chi ddc dilm quan trpng cfla ndng sudt lao dOng hay sue san xudt cua lao dpng Dd Id: " Sdc sdn xuat bao gid cflng la sdc sdn xuat cfla lao dpng ed feh, eiia lao dOng cy thi, vd thuc ti,... ddc bipt, ed muc dich, vd ehinh vdi tfnh chdt lao dOng cy thi, cd feh cua nd md lao dOng tgo nen gia toi sd dung" [1, tr.78-79] ddy, lao dOng cy till la lao dOng cd ich dudi mOt hinh thuc cu... tdi phan cdng lao dOng qudc te Sy phan cdng lao ddng qudc t l duoc day mgnh giiia cac khu vyc, cac qude gia tren the gidi Cac quic gia, dya tren dilu kiOn ve ty nhien, kinh te, khoa hpc, edng
Ngày đăng: 03/11/2022, 08:10
Xem thêm:
