THÔNG TIN TÀI LIỆU
26 Xa hoi hoc thye nghiem VAN D E LAM DUNG RUOU BIA VA GlAl PHAP KIEM s o AT RLTOU B I A VIET NAM HIEN NAY NGHIEM THI THUY* Tom tdt: Bdi viet la mgt phan kit qud nghien cieu Bdo cdo Xd hpi thu&ng nien Vien Xd hgi hgc duac giao nhiim vu thuc hien ndm 2018 Tdc hgi eda lam dung rugru bia dd a muc bdo ddng, khdng chi tdc dpng tnrc tiip doi v&i nguai udng md gdy nhirng hgu qud nghiim trgng ddi vol gia dinh, cpng ddng vd xd hpi Mice dp sdn xudt vd tiiu thu ruau bia ngdy cdng gia tang & nu&c ta cho thdy logi hdng hda dac biit ndy chua duac qudn ly hiiu qud vd kiem sodt nghiem tuc bdng phdp lugt Sic dting sd lipu khdo sdt xd hpi hgc tgi tinh thdnh vd dH lieu nghiin cicu vi lam dung ruau bia, cdc tdc gid ddnh gid thuc trgng lam dung rugtu bia, ddng th&i phdn tich cdc nhdn td hien cdn tr& viec kiem sodt hieu qud lam dting ruau bia & Viet Nam hien Trong phdn kit lugn, tdc gid de xudt viec khdn truang ban hdnh lugt kiem sodt ruau bia nhdm kip thai ngdn chgn vd kiim sodt hiiu qud vdn de lam dung rugu bia & nu&c ta Tie khda: san xuat, tieu thy rugu bia, lam dyng rugu bia, phdng chdng tac hai cua rugu bia, luat kiem scat rugu bia Nhgn bdi: 08/1/2019 Gui phdn bi?n: 22/1/2019 Duyet dang: 28/2/2019 Dan nhap Cling vdi su tang trudng cua ndn kinh te, cac doanh nghiep san xuit rugu bia va dd udng cd cdn d nudc ta ciing gia tang nhanh chdng Viet Nam dugc coi la mdt sd it qudc gia cd lugng san xuat va tieu thy rugu bia d miic cao va lien tye gia tang nhiiu nam (WHO, 2014) Day la mdi quan ngai ddi vdi su phat triin b i n viing ciia dit nudc, bdi lam dung rugu bia khdng chi tac ddng true tiep ddi vdi ngudi udng ma cdn gay nhiing hau qua nghiem trgng ddi vdi ngudi than, gia dinh, cdng ddng va xa hgi Rugu bia cd hen quan tdi 70% cac vu tai nan giao thdng d nudc ta vdi thiet hai kmh te Ien din tren ty dd la (WHO, 2014) Rugu bia cdn la nguyen nhan gay cac vu gay rdi, bao hanh gia dinh, tgi phEim, giet ngudi, gay mat trat ty, an toan xa hgi Tmh trang udng rugu bia rdi diiu khien xe gay tai nan giao thdng rat phd bien, trd mgt vin nan kinh hoang de doa tinh mang ciia ngudi dan Nhieu nghien ciiu tren the gidi cho thay rugu bia la loai hang hda dac biet, mdt loai san pham gay nghien cd anh hudng tieu cue den cac chieu eanh kinh t i , xa hdi mdi Vi4n Xa hpi hgc, Vi4n Hdn ldm Khoa hgc xd hpi Vi^t Nar, Nghiem Thi Thiiy 27 trudng va siic khde (Room, 2005; Rehn va cdng sy, 2004; WHO, 2005; Bloomberg va cdng su, 2002) Vigt Nam, cac nghien ciiu da chi miic dg l^m dung rugu bia cdng ddng, dac biet nhdm nguai tre tudi (Dam Viit Cuong va Vu Minh Hanh, 2006; Luu Bich Nggc va Nguyin Thi Thiing, 2018) Cugc hdi thao Uy ban ve Cac van di xa hdi ciia Qudc hdi td chiic (2015) da dua mdt sd dang lo ngai co din 43,8% hgc sinh tu ldp din Idp 12 da timg udng rugu bia Do ngudn cung ddi dao, Iai dl dang tiep can nen viec tieu thu rugu bia d nudc ta kha phd biin Ty Ie ngudi uong rugu bia d miic nguy hai chiim tdi 44,2% d nam gidi sii dung rugu bia (Bd Y ti, 2017) Hau qua cua van nan say rugu nai cong cgng va lai xe udng rugu bia gay tai nan giao thdng cang phd bien Hanh vi udng tap the, ep udng hay budc ngudi khac udng nrgu bia trd nen phd bien Trudc thye te lam dyng rugu bia, nhieu qudc gia da ban hanh va thye hien hieu qua cac chinh sach, phap luat ve kiem scat rugu bia, thuc hien nghiem tiic cac quy dinh tren thuc te khu vyc ASEAN, Malaysia, Singapore, Thai Lan, Indonesia, Philippines diu cd bien phap ngan ngira gidi tre tiep xiic vdi rugu bia, han che sy sin cd ciia loai dd udng dac biet Ngay ca cac quoc gia phat trien cd muc tieu thu rugu bia cao nhu Nhat Ban, Han Qudc deu ap dung cac quy dinh quan ly chat che viec quang cao nham han che su lam dung rugu bia va cac dd udng cd cdn (WHO, 2014) Trong dd, d Viet Nam van dang dien nhiing tranh cai ve viec cd nen han che rugu bia hay khdng Viec xay dung va ban hanh Luat kiem scat rugu bia la cap thiet Ket qua nghien ciiu se gdp phan xac dinh cac rao can hien va gdp phan cung cap luan cii khoa hgc cho viec xay dyng va sdm ban hanh Luat kiem scat rugu bia d nudc ta So lieu va phuong phap Bai viit su dung bd sd heu khao sat nrgu bia tai tinh thudc khu vuc Bac - Trung Nam CLia Vien Xa hdi hgc (nam 2015), gdm: Ha Ndi, Da Nang, Lao Cai va Long An Day la nhung dia phuang cd trinh phat trien khac nhau, dia hinh va van hda kha da dang Tai mdi tinh thanh, tiin hanh chgn mlu xa/phudmg; d mdi xa/phudng chgn 200 hd gia dinh, nhu vay quy md mlu khao sat la 1.600 hd dua tren danh sach dia phuong cung cap sau dugc scat, cap nhat ciing vdi cgng tac vien tren dia ban Lam dung rugu bia dugc xac dinh la tinh trang su dung rugu bia qua miic cho phep Miic dp Iam dyng rugu bia dugc tmh theo don vi rugu, theo dd viec udng nhieu hon dan vi rugu (tuong duong vdi 60gr rugu quy cdn nguyen chat) la cd hai va la miic lam dung theo tieu chuin cua Td chiic Y ti thi gidi Ngudi tir 60 tuoi trd len udng hon 14 dan vi rugu/tuin hoac ban dan vi rugu/ngay la lam dung; Tuong tu, ngudi dudi 60 tudi udng tren 21 don vi rugu/tuin, hay hom dom vi rugu/ngay; Lam dung cdn la hanh vi sii dung rugu bia va dd udng cd khac trucmg hgp phap luat nghiem cam Kiem soat rugu bia la no luc nhim han chi viec san xuit, kinh doanh, tieu thy va su dung rugu bia cdng dong Day la thudc trinh phat trien xa hdi Kiem soat nrgu bia cd ndi ham rong han la phdng chdng Iam dung rugu bia theo nghia: Iam dung 28 Vdn de lam dung rugu bia vd gidi phdp rugu bia chi lien quan din khau su dung chii khdng phai toan bd qua trinh san xuat, kinh doanh, tieu thy rugu bia ciing rit cin dugc kiim soat, giam sat ddi sdng xa hgi Van lam dung nxqfu bia ff Vift Nam Kit qua thu dugc tu nhiiu cudc khao sat d Viet Nam cho thiy lugng rugu bia tieu thu binh quan diu ngudi giai doan 2003-2005 la 3,8 lit cdn nguyen chit/ngudi/ nam Den giai doan 2008-2010 sd da tang len gap ddi d miic 6,6 lit cdn nguyen chit/nguoi/nam (WHO, 2014) va nam 2015 la 8,3 lit cdn nguyen ehit/ngudi/nam (Bd Y ti, 2017) Miic lam dung rugu bia ciia ngudi dan Viet Nam cao nhit so vdi mgt sd qudc gia khu vuc (Hinh 1) Hinh Mirc tieu thy ru-gii bia if Vift Nam va mdt so quoc gia (Dan vi; lit nguyen chdt/ndm/ngu&i Viet Nam ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ • • • ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ • • i ^ ^ ^ ^ l ^ Mailed • ^ ^ • • • • ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ • • H B H ^ I 7*4 Canqwdua ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ | 7,0 Singapo 5j0 Nguon: WHO (2014) Xem xet lam dung rugu thi khdng the khdng nhac tdi miic dg san xuit va tieu thy bia vi ca hai deu la dd udng cd cdn va thudng dugc sii dung ciing Ndu nhu giai doan 1990-2003, ca nudc mdi cd khoang 500 co sd san xuit bia, thi din sd da tang len gap ddi vdi su md rdng ca ve quy md va khdng gian Cae tinh diu cd ki hoach phat trien nha may bia cung nhu san xuat loai bia dia phuang va rugu bia la mdt nhiing ngudn thu ngan sach quan trgng nhat ciia nhieu dia phuomg Diu nam 2012 Viet Nam mdi cd 78 nha may dang ky san xuit 10 trieu lit bia/nam, nhung din 2016 san lugmg bia da dat tren ty lit bia Myc tieu ciia nganh bia la san xuat tren ty lit bia vao nam 2025 (Hiep hdi Bia-Rugu-Nudc giai khat, 2014) Vdi toe dp dd, moi nam san luone bia nudc ta tang them 250 trieu lit Nghiem Thi Thuy 29 Luang ru(ra bia tieu thu a Viet Nam gia tang nhanh cung voi nhu cau tieu thu khong bi gioi han Neu quy d6i c6n nguyen chit thi mile tieu thu binh quan dto ngircti Viet Nam (tren 15 tu6i) nam 2014 la 4,4 Ut; nam 2016 la 8,3 lit, miic tieu thy tren toan cSu Ichong tang dang kS nhiju nam (tir 6,1 lit nam 2005 len 8,3 lit nam 2016) Viet Nam hien tro quoc gia c6 miie dp tieu thu nrgu bia cao nhit Dong Nam A va diing thii o Chau A sau Nhat Ban, Han Quoc, Tnmg Quoc N6u tmh rieng cho mgu thi ty 1? tieu thu nrgu tang hon 7,5% moi nam (BO Cong Thugng, 2014) Con s6 chua bao g6m san lugng rugu thii cong ngucri dan tu san xuit (khoang 32 tri§u lit CO phep va 300 trieu lit troi noi ngoai thi trucmg khong dugc quan ly) Thiet hai kmh te rugu bia dem lai gan 60.000 ty dong, cao gap 1,5 lan muc dong gop cua nganh rugu bia cho ngan sach nha nuoc Miic thiet hai ve mat xa hgi sir dung rugu, bia g Viet Nam ugc tinh khoang 1,3-3,3% GDP (WHO, 2014) Trong do, ehi phi gian tiep de giai quyet hau qua rugu bia thuong cao hon so voi chi phi true tiep iToc tinh chua diy du cho thay ganh nang true tiep cua benh ung thu ma rugu bia la mot nhiing nguyen nhan chinh (ung thu vii, dai true trang, gan, khoang mieng, da day, CO tu cung) da phai chi khoang 25.789 ty dong (nam 2012) Chi phi y te la chi true ti6p chua kk din vin de nuoi duong va cham soc de dieu tri cac roi nhieu tam ly rugu nhu: hoang tuong, ao giae, roi loan nhan thiic, roi loan hanh vi cao (l.OOO.OOOd/ngay) la ganh nang rat 1cm cho xa hgi Rao can dii vert phong chong lam dung riroru bia or Vift Nam 4.1 Han che van hoa uong ruffu bia 6ng cha ta co can "Chen tac, chen thii" Chu chuc khach ggi la "tac", khaeh ehiic dap le ggi la "thu" Day la van hoa chile rugu ciia nguoi Viet c6 truySn Tuy nhien, hien van hoa u6ng rugu bj biSn tuong theo huomg tieu cue Cac hanh vi uong nrgu thieu van hoa xa hgi tro nen phS bi8n, da din tdi nhiSu he luy anh hugng din siic khoe va hinh anh ciia nguoi Viet noi cong cgng Theo nhan dinh cua Chii tich Quoc hgi Nguyin Thi Kim Ngan thi viec "u6ng bia, rugu ep bJng dugc la thii van hoa khac la chi thay Viet Nam" (Bao Dan tri, 2019) Do cin thay dii van hoa nguoi tieu dung niu muon phong, chSng tac hai cua lam dung rugu bia Khong gidng nhu van hoa u6ng rugu cua nguM phuang Tay, mot bo phan nguoi dan Viet Nam hiiu sai vi van hoa uing rugu Net dep van hoa udng rugu nham nhi, hoa my gia duge thay thi bing uing theo mgt tCt "Dzooo!" hoac 1-2-3 "Dzooo" rat x6 bo va phan cam thiiu kiim soat, uing khong giai han vai hau qua kho luong Do la chua ke nhiing quy djnh "phat" bing uing rugu bia bcii nhiing ly khae nhu din dam mupn, khong dap li voi ngudi tren mam, khong uing het rugu bia mdi lan nang cie Day la nhiing hanh vi phan cam, thiiu van hda cin phai len an, ngan ehan va nghiem cam bang cac quy dinh phap luat (5 nudc ta, rugu bia luon san cd va di dang tiip can Saiig, tiiia, chieu, hay tdi cac nha hang, quan xa ddng nghit Tren cac ban nhau, ban tiec d hiu het mgi vung dat nudc 30 Vdn de Igm dgng rugu bia vd gidi phdp rugu bia ludn cd mat Canh tugng mdi mge, nai ep, tham chi khich bac udng het ca, udng bing dugc den say xin kha biin Nguy hiim hom, idiiing ngudi sau uong rugu bia vin tham gia giao thdng, dieu khiin xe, gay tai nan chit ngudi, vi pham Iuat ya coi thudmg mang sdng ciia ngudi khac Tir khia canh dao diic, day la hanh vi lech chuan rit cin len an va ngan ehan kip thdi Giii gm dugc net dep van hda udng nrgu trudc het la viec khdng thiic ep uong di cd thi han chi dugc nghien rugu bia, ng nin chdng chat, bao luc, bao hanh, hoac nhirng ngudi vg mit chong, mit me lam dung bia rugu gay Dit nudc tiit kiem dugc hang tram nghin ty ddng di diu tu cho phat trien, giam ngheo bin vung, va giii dugc ban sac van hda cua dan tgc 4.2 Rdo cdn tie cdc doanh nghipp sdn xudt, kinh doanh ruffu bia Nganh cdng nghigp rugu bia d Viet Nam dang tang trudng rit nhanh nhiing nam gin day ca chi khuyin khich phat trien nganh rugu bia va tac dgng ciia viec quang ba san phim rugu bia din ngudi dan Co che quan ly hien chu trgng den khia canh phat trien thuang mai nganh rugu bia, gdp phSn tang thu ngan sach d cac dia phuang va Trung uong ma khdng de cap den nhiing hau qua kinh te-xa hdi cua lam dung rugu bia Ca nudc hien cd khoang 100 co sd san xuat bia vdi quy md cdng nghiep Nam 2016, san lugmg bia la 3,8 ty lit, tang 10% so vdi nam 2015 va tang 52% so vai nam 2010 Nam 2017, san lugng bia da cham mdc ty lit, tang 10,5% so vdi san lugng tieu thy bia nam 2016 va binh quan mdi ngudi dan da tieu thy 42 lit/nam, tang them lit so vdi nam 2016 (Bd Cdng thuang, 2017) Trong thye te, san lugmg rugu cdng nghiep tang nhanh tir 80 trieu lit (nam 2010) din 188 trieu lit (nam 2016) Tinh din thang nam 2018 ca nudc hien cd hon 320 co sd san xuat rugu vdi quy md Ion, san xuit khoang 360 trieu lit rugu/nam; Theo quy hoach hien hanh, muc tieu ciia nganh rugu din 2025 la khoang 440 trieu lit rugu cdng nghiep/nam (Hiep hgi Bia-Rugu-Nudc giai khat, 2014) Ngoai cdn chua ke den cac co sd san xuat quy md nhd cd san lugng dudi trieu lit/nam va cac hg gia dmh ca the tu san xuat udc tinh khoang 250 trieu lit/nam Rd rang la vigc quan Iy san xuSt rugu bia d nudc ta chua dugc nghiem rainh Cac quyet dinh cap phep san xuat rugu bia dudmg nhu di ngugc lai vai mong mudn kiem soat mat hang dac biet Hoat dgng quan Iy kinh doanh rugu bia bj budng Idng, tham chi bi tha ndi, nhat la budn ban Bit cii dia diem, co sd nao ciing sRn cd rugu, bia di ban cho ngudi dan, tu cac quan rugu, sieu thi, ciia hang tap hoa, khach san, nha hang an udng, ciia hang giai khat, kinh doanh an udng, quan nudc via he , tham chi tai cang tm, nha an cua cac ca quan, cdng sd, doanh nghiep cung c6 ban rugu bia Cae boat ddng giai tri nhu hdi udng rugu bia dugc td chiic vdi miln phi udng bia cho nien va nguoi tham dy Thuc trang da gdp phan tich cyc cho viec quang ba va thiic diy su duns rugu bia cang gia tang khien cho ty le sii dung rugu bia eang cao Ruau bia d Viet Nam ludn ludn san cd va de tiep can nhat the gidi Nghiem Thi Thuy 31 4.3 Rdo cdn quy dinh chinh sdch, phdp ludt vd chi tdi qudn ly Viet Nam, phap Iuat va chmh sach quan Iy san phim rugu bia da dugc ban hanh kha sdm nhung chu yeu tap trung vao cac quy dinh kiem soat cac khau san xuat, kinh doanh ma chua cd cac quy dinh cd tinh phdng ngua (vi du Nghi dinh sd 105/2017/ND-CP vi kinh doanh rugu) Chi viec su dung nrgu, bia dan den cac hau qua xiu cac quan he xa hdi nhu tham gia giao thdng sir dung nrgu bia, cd hanh vi vi pham phap Iuat hanh chinh, hinh sy su dung rugu bia hoac vi pham cac dieu kien san xuat, kinh doanh thi mdi bi xu ly Mac dii Thii tudng Chinh phu da ban hanh Quyet djnh 244/QD-TTg ve phdng, chdng tac hai cua dd udng cd cdn nhung day mdi la dinh hudng chinh sach chung va can dugc the che cac van ban quy pham phap luat cd gia tri bat budc ap dyng, cdn chua cd nhiing hoat dgng tuyen truyen, giao due; cac quy dinh ve tinh san cd cua rugu bia va kiem soat kha nang tiep can ddi vdi loai hang hda dac biet Hien khdng cd sy ban che nao ve tudi mua hay sir dyng rugu bia, gid ban, dia diem ban, kiem soat quang cao, khuyen mai, tai trg rugu bia, in canh bao siic khde tren bao bi Cang khdng thay cd cac bien phap nham giam nhu cau sir dung rugu bia, han che ngudn cung cap rugu bia Dieu dd cho thay, cac quy dinh phap Iuat ve phdng, chdng tac hai cua rugu bia d Viet Nam chua cd tinh ngan ngiia tac hai ciia rugu bia Viec thuc hien cac chinh sach, phap luat tren thuc td cdn nhieu bat cap, xir ly cac vu viec vi pham chua nghiem, dan den quy dinh phap luat khdng dugc tuan thii va tinh trang "nhdn luat" ciia ngudi vi pham cang tang, nhat la hanh vi udng rugu lai xe Viec can thiep bing phap luat nham dieu chinh cac yeu td nguy co Iam dung nrgu bia la mdt yeu ciu cip thiit, giiip tiit kiem chi phi tdn kem khac phyc hau qua tac hai cua Iam dung rugu bia Kiim soat rugu bia bang phap luat la rat cin thiet va hoan toan kha thi Tuy nhien, cd the nhan thiy nhiing bit cap han chd hien nay: Thii nhit, cac quy djnh vi han chi tinh sEn cd va nhu cau sii dung rugu bia cdn han che nhu viec trung bay rugu, bia va in canh bao siic khde tren nhan san pham rugu bia cin kiim soat hoat ddng tai trg nhim tiip thj rugu bia; ban che tinh trang udng nhieu va say xin; quy dinh ve ngay, gid, mat diim ban Ie rugu bia; quy djnh ve viec cam ban mgu, bia cho mdt sd ddi tugng nhu ngudi say rugu, phu nir cd thai, tre em va ngudi dudi 18 tudi Hien cdn rit thiiu cac quy dinh nhim huy ddng siic manh cdng dong tham gia vao can thiep giam tac hai ddi vdi sii dyng rugu, bia nhu viec quy djnh cu the ddi vdi Imh vyc xay dyng ddi sdng van hoa co sd khdng rugu bia hoac sii dung ban che rugu bia Thii hai, hien nganh y ti van chua cd quy dinh vi hd trg dieu trj ddi vdi ngudi nghien rugu, cai rugu tai co sd y ti va cdng ddng; thieu cac hd trg xa hdi de dy phdng hanh vi uong nrgu bia d miic cd hai; giai quyit cac vin de gia dinh va xa hdi lien quan din rugu bia ngudi udng d muc Iam dung la vien gay (bao lyc gia dinh) Cac can bd cong tac xa hgi cung chua dugc trang bi nhung ky nang de giai quyet va hd trg cac nan nhan ciia lam dung rugu bia 32 Vdn de lam dung rugu bia vd gidi phdp Thii ba, cac chi tai xu ly vi pham phap luat hinh su, hanh chinh lien quan den rugu bia, phdng chdng rugu bia nhap lau chua dii m^nh, chua cd hieu qua ran de, giao due ddi vdi mpt sd vi pham lien quan d i n su dung rugu bia mang tinh nguy hiem cho xa hgi, xam hai true tiip din tinh mang, tai san hgp phap ciia cdng dan (nhu vi pham ve ndng tham gia giao thdng ) Hien chi cd quy djnh tuyen truyen ve tai nan giao thdng sir dyng rugu bia va cac chi tai xii phat khdng dugc thye thi nghiem minh, gap nhieu trd ngai trien khai thye hign Nham han chi nhiing vin d i tren, each day gan nam Thii tuong Chinh phii da quyet dinh lap Ban chi dao Quoc gia ve phdng chdng tac hai cua lam dyng rugu bia va dd udng cd cdn (thang 7/2015) Bd trudng Bg Y t i lam Tnrdng ban Bg Y te ciing dugc giao la don vi chii tri xay dyng dy an Luat phdng chdng tac hai cua rugu bia Den nay, cac tinh tren ca nudc da bugc dau ap dung nhiing bign phap kiem soat nhu: cam can bd cdng chiic sii dung rugu bia va dd udng cd cdn gid lam vigc, biia an tnra; xii phat cac vi pham lam dung rugu bia ddi vdi cdng chiic vien chiic, ngudi dieu khien phuang tien tham gia giao thdng; kiem soat ngudn rugu bia san xuat nudc va nhap khau Nhung bien phap buoc dau cd y nghia nhac nha y thiic cua can bp va nhan dan su dung rugu bia, chua du siic ran de, han chi va kiim soat, nhit la chua ddng cham den nguyen nhan sau xa ciia hanh vi lam dung rugu bia Diiu dang mung la nguoi dan hien kha ddng tinh v i viec ban hanh mdt bd luat hoan chinh nham kiim soat rugu bia Cd din 80% nguoi dan miu khao sat tai tinh ddng y va cho rang viec ban hanh Dy luat la can thiit nhim phdng chdng tac hfii va tiin tdi ngan ehan dugc tmh trang lara dyng rugu bia xa hdi hien Kit qua cdn cho thiy cd 60% ddng tinh va 26% rat ddng tinh vdi sy cin thiet phai ban hanh Luat (Hinh 2) Hinb Thdi d^ cua ngirM dan vl vi^c ban hilnh Lu|t kiem soat rirQii bia _^_^_ i Rat dong tinh _._ Dong tinh Nguon: So lieu khdo sdt ctia de tdi _^_ Khong biet Khong ddng tinh £)oK vj: % Rk khong d6ne tinh Nghiem Thi Thiiy 33 XSy dijmg v^ ban hanh Lu$t ki^m sodt nroii bia Ki tir nam 2015, Qudc hdi da giao cho Eg Y ti xay dyng, soan thao Luat Phdng chdng tac hai cua lam dyng rugu bia Trai qua nhiiu ky hgp sudt nam qua, du luat van chua dugc thdng qua vdi nhiing nguyen nhan khach quan va chii quan Dy Luat phdng chdng tac hai rugu bia vdi 34 diiu quy dinh, dugc chia chuong (Thu vien phap luat, 2018) vdfi mong mudn cd quy dinh kiem soat chat che viec quang cao, khuyin mai va tai trg rugu bia de ban che kha nang tiep cSn va tinh sin cd cua rugu bia d nudc ta Tuy nhien, hien cd nhieu tranh luan ve viec han chi hay khdng ban chi rugu bia d Viet Nam, ciing nhu viec cam quang cao rugu bia tren mtemet Cac y kiin phan ddi cho rang ban che rugu bia se anh hudmg manh den ngudn thu ngan sach dja phuong va trung uong Do e ngai vi sy suy giam tang trudng va anh hudng din thu ngan sach nen san xuat, kinh doanh va tieu thy rugu bia vin dugc khuyen khich Mac du chii truong xay dung va ban hanh Luat dugc ngudi dan iing hd, song quy md lgi nhuan thu dugc nen cac doanh nghiep san xuat, kinh doanh rugu bia tun nhieu each van ddng nhim gay khd khan, trd ngai viec thdng qua dy Luat Trong dd, y thiic phap luat va tuan thu phap luat ciia ngudi dan Viet Nam nhm chung kha thap so vdi cac qudc gia khac tren the gidi Sy tien ldi sdng, each nghl va hanh dgng theo kieu "phep vua thua le lang", "mdt tram cai ly khdng bang mdt ti cai tinh" van cdn phd bien, quy djnh sy hanh xii hang ciia ca nhan va cdng ddng Thdi quen bat tuan phap luat, tim each ddi phd va lach luat la phd bien khien cho viec tuan thii phap luat cang yeu kem xa hdi Ket luan va khuyin nghi Trudc thuc trang lam dung rugu bia d Viet Nam da din nguomg bao ddng, viec giam sat va kiim soat rugu bia la mgt yeu cau cap thiet phai dugc quan tam, giai quyet bang cac bien phap ddng bd Qudc hgi can sdm ban hanh Luat Kiem soat rugu bia de cd CO sd phap ly vi diiu kien kinh doanh rugu bia, giam miic san xuit, kinh doanh va tieu thu rugu bia, cilng nhu han chi tinh trang san xuit va sir dyng rugu bia khdng dam bao tieu chuin Khdng vi chi tieu tang trudng hay lgi nhuan nganh san xuat, kinh doanh rugu bia dem lai ma chin chu, thoai lui vice ban hanh Luat Kiim soat rugu bia Kinh nghiem cua mdt sd nudc khu vuc (nhu Thai Lan, Sri Lanka) da cho thiy day la phuang thtic hieu qua nhit di kiim soat san xuit, kinb doanh va sir dyng rugu bia Mdt sd giai phap dudi day cd the uutien xem xet: Mpt Id, khin truang hoan thien va ban hanh Luat Phdng chdng tac hai rugu bia, tren ca sd Igi ich lau dai cua toan xa hdi chii khdng chi vi lgi nhuan tnrdc mat cua cac doanh nghiep san xuit, kinh doanh rugu bia Ndi dung luat cin cd chi tai tang thue ddi vdi rugu bia di ban chi ciu vi day la mat hang hai siic khde, khdng nen khuyin khich (khdng nhu gao, thit, dien, xang cin tri gia thip dk bao ve ngudi tieu dung, dn dinh chinh trj) Cin cd quy djnh han chi quang cao di ngudi tieu diing, dac biet gidi tre it cd thdng tm va eg hpi tiip can loai hang hda nhay cam Han chi diim ban, gid ban de giam kha nang 34 Vdn de lam dung rugu bia va gidi phdp tiip can rugu bia Luat ciing cin quy djnh ro can bd, cdng chiic va Dang vien, ngucri dung diu guong miu khdng lara dung rugu bia, khdng diing tiin ngan sach de mua rugu, hen hoan, an udng, Hai la, xem xet ddi ten Luat Phdng chdng tac hai ciia rugu bia (hay Luat Phdng chdng tac hai cua lam dung rugu bia) Luat Kiim soat rugu bia, theo dd khdng chi kiim soat tieu dung hay su dung rugu bia ma cdn ca khau san xuit, kinh doanh, phan phdi loai hang hda dac biet Nghiem cira quang cao rugu bia dudi mgi hmh thiic, tai nai cdng cdng va nhit la tren cac phuomg tien thdng tin dai chiing (tivi, bao, dai, internet ) Tang cudng thuc hien cac chiin djeh truyin thdng phdng chdng lam dyng rugu bia Chpn mdt nam la ca nudc khdng udng rugu bia, cd the bat dau tii nam nay, khdng dgi d i n Luat dugc ban hanh Ba la, nghien ciiu danh gia tac ddng ciia viec ban chi tieu dung rugu bia xa hdi, nhit la ddi vdi gidi tre hien (la nhdm dang cd xu hudmg sir dung nhiiu rugu bia va cac loai dd udng cd cdn khac) Ddng thdi, tap trung bao ve mgt sd ddi tugng yeu the la nan nhan cua lara dung rugu nhu tre em, vj nien, phy nu , trudc nguy ca quy rad san xuit va tieu thy rugu bia cang tang d Viet Nam Nhiem vy trgng tam la dau tranh, thuyit phuc quan diem de cao lgi ich tai chinh, ddng gdp ngan sach va tang trudng kmh t i bing san xuit rugu bia va cac dd udng cd cdn, san sang danh ddi lgi nhuan cho su phat triin bin viing cua dat nudc Bdn la, xera xet hmh mgt ca quan ddc lap giam sat va quan ly rugu bia v^ dd udng cd cdn (cd thi dudi hinh thiic td chiic cua mdt Uy ban Qudc gia nhu Thai Lan da lam) de thdng nhat mdt mdi viec nghiem tiic giam sat ngudn cung va kiem soat lam dung rugu bia Ddng thdi, can quan ly nang cao chat lugng rugu bia de tranh rugu kem chat lugng, rugu khdng ngudn gdc, rugu nhap lau va rugu ban gay hai eho siic khde ngudi dan va cdng ddng Tki li^u tham khao Bloomberg, R.D., Peck, R.C, Moskowitz, H., Burns, M and Fiorentino, D 2002 Crash Risk of Alcohol Involved Driving National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Washington, D.C Bao Dan tri 2019 https://dantri.com,vn/xa-hoi/chu-tich-quoc-hoi-ep-uong-ruou-bia-la-thu-van-hoa-khacla-20190412115546085.htm Bo Cong thuong 2017 Bdo cdo quy hoach phdt trien sdn xudt Bia - Rugu vd Nuoc gidi khdt a Viet Nam den ndm 2030, ldm nhin din 2040 Ha Noi Bp Y t^ 2Q\1 Du thdo td trinh Quoc hgi vi Ludi Phdng chong tdc hgi nc0i bia Ha Ngi Dam Vi6t Cuong va Vu Minh Hanh 2006 Bdnh gid tinh hinh Igm dtmg rugu bia tai Viet Nam Bao cao nghien cuu khoa hpc Vien Chien luac va Chinh sach Y te Dang Nguyen Anh va Nghiera Thi Thuy 2018 Kilm soat rugu bia a Viet Nam hien nhin tii goc thuc tien va chinh sach Tgp chiXa hoi hgc, so Hiep hpi Bia-Rupu-Nuoc giai khat 2014 Bdo cdo de dn ddnh gid tdc dgng kinh te-xa hgi cita ngdnh bia ta Viet Nam ndm 2014 Nghiem Thi Thiiy 35 Lini Bich Ngpc va Nguydn Thi Thieng 2018 Tieu diing rugu bia a VietNam - mgt so kit qud diiu tra qudc gia Tnrcmg Dai hgc Kinh te Quoc dan, Vien Dan s6 va cac Vin di xa hpi Ha Npi NATA (National Authority on Tobacco and Alcohol) 2016 Sri Lanka National Policy on Alcohol Act No 1770-27, NATA, Sri Lanka Rehn, Nina, Maristela Monteiro, yiadimir Poznyak, Kelvin Chuan Heng Khow and Andrea Zumbnnm Gerhard Gmel 2004 Global Status Report: Alcohol Policy, Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse, Geneva, World Health Organisation Room, Richard 2005 Alcohol and Public Health Lancet 365, 519-30 Thir vien phap luJit, 2018 Luat phong, chong tac hai ciia ruou, bia Dir thao: https://thuvienphapluat.vn/vanban/Tlie-thao-Y-te/Luat-Phong-chong-tac-hai-cua-ruou-bia-20! Uy ban vg Cac vin di xahpi - Qu6c hpi khoa IX 2015 Ky yeu Hoi thao Chinh sach phong chong lam dung ruou bia Ha Npi Vien ChiSn luoc va Chinh sach Y le 2015 Bao cao tinh hinh lam dung niffu bia a Viet Nam Bp Y te, HaNpi Vien Xa hpi hpc 2015 Nghien ciiu thuc trang lam dung rupu bia mpt so tinh Vien Xa hoi hpc, Ha Noi WHO 2005 Public health problems caused by harmful use of alcohol Report by the Secretariat of fiftyeighth World Health Assembly A58/18 Provisional agenda item 13-14, Worid Health Organization, Geneva WHO 2014 Global status report on alcohol and health 2014 Geneva ... lit bia/ nam, nhung din 2016 san lugmg bia da dat tren ty lit bia Myc tieu ciia nganh bia la san xuat tren ty lit bia vao nam 2025 (Hiep hdi Bia- Rugu-Nudc giai khat, 2014) Vdi toe dp dd, moi nam. .. nghiep Nam 2016, san lugmg bia la 3,8 ty lit, tang 10% so vdi nam 2015 va tang 52% so vai nam 2010 Nam 2017, san lugng bia da cham mdc ty lit, tang 10,5% so vdi san lugng tieu thy bia nam 2016... ngircti Viet Nam (tren 15 tu6i) nam 2014 la 4,4 Ut; nam 2016 la 8,3 lit, miic tieu thy tren toan cSu Ichong tang dang kS nhiju nam (tir 6,1 lit nam 2005 len 8,3 lit nam 2016) Viet Nam hien tro
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