Phân chia con cái và tài sản sau ly hôn ở các gia đình khu vực tây nam bộ

Phan chia cai va tai san sau ly hon 6* cac gia dinh khu wxc Tay Nam Bo Tran Thj Minh Thi' ' ViSn Nghien cuu Gia dinh va Gidi, Vien Hin lam Khoa hoc xa hpi Viet Nam Email: thittm.ifgs@vass.gov.vn Nhan 15 thang 12 nam 2019 ChSp nhSn dang 16 th^g nam 2020 Tom tat: Bai viet nghien ciiu, phan tich cac thong ke tinh hinh ly hon va hd sa ly hon hang nam cua Tda an nhan dan tdi cao va Toa an nhan dan Cin Tha (giai doan 2009-2017) theo nguyen tic khuyit danh va sd lieu khao sat 120 tnrdng hgp ly hon, nhim tim hiiu cac he qua phan chia cai va tai san sau ly hon tai mot xa thupc huyen U Minh, tinh Ca Mau va mpt phudng thupc phd Can Tha nam 2018 Dong thdi, cac nghien ciiu ve trudng hpp cu the so nhung ngudi da ly hon a nhiing quan huyen nham thu thap thong tin chi tiet, lam phong phii them cac ket qua djnh lupng, dua ldi giai thich kha thi va khai thac khia canh van hda xa hpi cita ly hon, dieu khdng c6 thong k& dinh lupng Tir khoa: He qua sau ly hdn, phan chia cai, phan chia tai san Phan loai nganh: Xa hpi hpc Abstract: In the paper, the author researches and analyses the annual statistics and records of divorces in the Supreme People's Court and the People's Court of Can Tho city during the period 2009-2017 on the principle of anonymity and survey data of 120 divorce cases, in order to get to understand the effects of children and property arrangements after divorce in a commune of U Minh district, Ca Mau province and a ward of Can Tho city in 2018 At the same time, case studies among divorced people in the districts are researched to gather detailed information and enrich quantitative resuhs, thus providing appropriate explanations studying the socic-cultural aspect of divorce, which is not included in quantitative statistics Keywords: Post-divorce effects, children arrangement, property arrangement Subject classification: Sociology Tran Thj Minh Thi Dat vin dl Hau qua cua ly hdn tdi cupc sdng tuang lai cua ngudi phu nii da dupc nghien ciiu each day rat lau Nhiing nghien ciiu ban dau da phan biet nhimg dieu se gay nen dau khd ve mat tinh than, thdng thudng cd tuong quan tdi sd lupng nhiing ap lire ma ngudi phu nu phai trai qua, gay nen sir dau khd Idn cho hp Ly hdn lien quan tdi rat nhieu dieu kien tam ly, va cd le thuc su la mdt nhiing viec budn nhat ma ca nhan phai trai qua cupc ddi [3] Ket thiic mdt cupc hon nhan cat ngang hau het cac mdi quan he eupc sdng ngudi phu nu: Ly hdn se thay ddi quan he xa hdi, tai chinh, eham sdc con, vide nha, nhu cau cdng viec, cu tni, va hda nhap cudc sdng Mdt nhimg quyet dinh khd khan nhat ly hdn la vide nudi Nhiing sir gan ket tinh cam, su cdng bang, va ganh nang kinh te giiia cha me va cai deu dugc dua vao xem xet quy^t dinh se nudi Ci ca phuong Tay va phuang Ddng, ngudi me thudng la ngudi nudi sau ly hdn Tir each nhin cua khoa hpc xa hdi, viec sap xep nudi rat quan trpng vi nd phan anh dugc kha nang, ngudn luc ciia cha me ciing nhu dugc yeu quy han Nhin tir phia chinh sach cdng, can phai tim dugc ngudi se chiu trach nhiem trudc luat phap cho dua tre va quan tda se chi quan tam tdi nhiing hau qua ma cudc ly hdn se gay cho chiing Vide diia tre se sdng ciing het siic quan trpng bdi dd se la ngudi eham sdc va mang lai sgi day tinh cam thudng nhu trudc day di tre cd the phat trien binh thudng va dugc hd trp kinh te [2], [4], [5] Ben canh dd, nha d, tai san sau ly hdn cd the anh hudng den kha nang ca nhan sap xep lai cupc sdng va tao ngudn luc cho nhirng hda nhap xa hdi sau ly hdn Qua phan tich cac thdng ke tinh hinh ly hdn va hd so ly hdn hang nam ciia Tda an nhan dan tdi cao va Toa an nhan dan phd Cin Tho (giai doan 2009-2017) theo nguyen tac khuyet danh, va sd lieu khao sat 120 tnrdng hgp ly hdn, bai viet nay^ phan tich viec phan chia cai va tai san sau ly hdn tai mdt xa thupc huyen U Minh, tinh Ca Mau va mdt phudng thupc phd Can Tha hien theo cac nhdm nhan khiu xa hdi khac Phan chia cai sau Iy hon Theo Luat Hdn nhan va Gia dinh tai Viet Nam, sau ly hdn, cac cap vo chong cd trach nhiem eham sdc, giao due va nudi dudng tre em (dudi 18 tudi) va tre em khuyet tat trudng Nguyen tac ap dung la lam nhihig gi tdt nhat cho tre em Ngudi me dugc quyen nudi dudi ba tudi, neu cac cap vg chdng khdng cd lua chpn nao khac Neu tre em tren chin tudi, su sip xep se dugc xac dinh dua tren y chi tre Trong thuc te, viec sap xep tre em dua tren nguyen tac lgi ich tdt nhat Tham phan thudng xem xet tinh trang kinh te, dao diic va tinh cam ciia cha me trudc quyet dinh cap quyen nudi Ngudi ban ddi khdng eham sdc cd trach nhiem cung cap tai chinh Nhin ehung, cac cap vp chdng c6 the thuang lugng de dat dupc thda thuan ve quyen nudi trudc tda an Iy hdn Trong trudng hgp cd xung dot, tham phan dua quyet dinh cudi cimg Trong da sd cac trudng hgp ly hdn ma van cdn nhd, tda an cho ring, ca ca hai cha me diu cd kha nang eham sdc tre so sinh, ngudi me nen dugc quyen nudi tre nhd Ly ro rang la thuc te dac diim tre sa sinh phu thupc vao the chat va 11 Khoa hpc xa hdi Viet Nam, sd - 2020 tinh cam cua me hon bat ki khac Duy tri tinh trang ve ca ban nham dam bao tirih lien tuc eham sdc tre, dam bao su phat trien tinh cam va tam ly cua tre Viet Nam tri each tiep can truyen thdng trao quyen nudi va hd trg; tiic la cap trach nhiem nudi day tre cho mdt ngudi va chi cip quyin tham hdi cho ngudi dudi 18 tudi Trong do, tda an khuyin khich cac phu huynh khdng sdng cimg dugc tham gia vao viec nudi day cai Tie em sdng vdi me sau ly hdn la xu hudng phd biin hien d Ddng bing sdng Hdng, bit k i cac dac diim v i noi d, miic sdng, sd con, nam ly hdn, tudi ly hdn, va md hinh ehung sdng tnrdc kit hdn [5] Nghien ciiu d khu vuc Tay Nam Bd cho kit qua tuang tu vdi 69% cac cudc ly hdn cd cai d vdi me sau cha me chia tay thdi gian ly hdn td 2009 din Ty le cai d vdi bd chiim 24,8% va chia cho ca hai bd me la 6,2% (Biiu dd va 2) Bieu Phan chia trach nhiem nuoi duong sau ly hon theo dia ban cu tru (N=4206) (%) P h a n c h i a t r a c h n h i ^ m rnxoi d i r o n g c o n sau l y hGn E>6thi » Con if vtfri b6 Ndng thon • Con if sjifi m? Con i»-ii&\ bSvS me ; Tinh toan tir thdng ke cac hd so ly hdn d cac qu^n huy$n Can Tha ciia tac gia giai d o ^ 2009-2017 Bieu dd Phan chia trach nhiem nuoi duong sau ly hdn theo nam (N^206) P h a n chia trach n h i ^ m n u o i dixong c o n s a u ly h o n t h e o naiTi !» Con lif v& Con if vdrt n Ngudn: Tinh toan tir thong ke cac h6 so ly hon a cac quiln huyln Can Tha ciia tac gia giai doan 2009-2017 Tran Thi Minh Thi Theo dia ban cu tni, cai dudi 18 tudi d voi me hoac bd me cung nudi d dia ban thi cao han d dja ban ndng thdn, d vdi bd d ndng thdn la cao hon (Biiu dd 1) Theo miic sdng, nhdm ly hdn cd miic sdng kha gia han thi cd ty le cai d vdi me sau ly hdn thap hon mdt chiit so vdi nhdm cd miic sdng thap hon, ddng thdi cd ty le d vdi bd cao hon (Bang 1) Theo tudi ly hdn cua bd hoac me, nhdm ly hdn d dp tudi tren 41 cd ty le d vdi me cao nhat so vdi cac nhdm tudi ly hdn tre han Tudi ciia me ly hdn cang cao, ty le cai d vdi me sau ly hdn ciing cang cao, cho thiy ngudi me cd trach nhiem va gan bd rat Idn vdi cai sau ly hdn, nhat la hp da tuang ddi viing vang ve tam ly, kinh te d mpt dp tudi nhat dinh (Bang 2) Bang Phan chia trach nhi^m nudi dudng sau ly hdn theo miic song va sd (N^4206) (%) Con d vdi bd Con d vdi m? Con d vdi bd va me ! Rha ' Trung binh Ngheo 1-2 Tren 28,5 25,7 26,8 24,8 24,6 66,1 67,2 68,3j ^ 69,4 " 53,8 5,4 " 7,f 4^ : "" '~5,9'^ "" """"21,5 ' Ngudn: Tinh toan tir thdng ke cac hd so ly hdn d cac quan huyen Can Tha ciia tac gia giai doan 2009-2017 Bang Phan chia trach nhiem nudi duang sau Iy hdn theo tudi ciia ngudi ly hdn (N=4206) (%) ^Q Con crv6i b6 Con o'vdi m? ; Con cfvoi : b6 va jne 11^0 23,5 -.41