Sinh kl cua ngir dan cac tinh mien Trung sau su- c6 moi tnrdng bien Nguyen Ngpc T r u y e n ' , Dirong Ngpc Phirdc Nguyen Viet Tuan^, TnroTig Van Tuyen'' 1,1.3,4 •j-|.jj^g 0ai },p( ]sj5ng Lam, Dai hoc Hu^ Email: duongngocphuoc@huaf.edu.vn Nhan ngiy thing 10 nim 2019 Chdp nhin dang ngiy 22 thing nim 2020 Tom tit: Sy cd mdi tmdng biin (gpi tit la sy cd Formosa) nam 2016 da tac dpng Idn din ddi sdng sinh hogt va hogt dpng san xuit cua ngudi dan d tinh miln Trung Viet Nam Cac hp khai thac thuy san (KTTS), dac biet la KTTS gan bd la ddi tupng chiu anh hudng true tiep Dieu ddi hdi hp KTTS phai tang cudng "nang lire chdng chiu" vdi su cd mdi trudng da dien Kha nang chdng chiu sau sir cd la ca sd giiip cdng ddng ngu dan phuc hdi sau cu sdc Tir khoa: Formosa, ngu dan mien Tmng, sinh ke Phan loai nganh: Xa hdi hpc Abstract: The marine environmental incident (hereinafter referred to as the Formosa incident) in 2016 exerted a great impact on the daily life and production activities of people in four provinces in centtal Viemam The fishing households, especially those living on near-shore fisheries, are directly affected This requires them to sttengthen their "resilience" to the environmental incident that occurred Post-incident resilience is the foundation for the fishing community to recover from the shock Keywords: Formosa, fishermen irom centtal Vietnam, livelihood Subject classification: Sociology M d dau Nam 2016, tai tinh mien Tnmg Viet Nam (Ha ITnh, Quang Bmh, Quang Tri, Thira Thien - Hui) da xay sy cd mdi tiirdng biin hit sftc nghidm trpng, gay ndn Men tugng hai san chit hang loat va dac bidt la cac loai ca song d ting day Nguyen nhan 117 Khoa hpc xa hdi Viet Nam, sd - 2020 dugc xac dinh la ngudn xa thai eua Cdng ty Formosa Ha TTnh [2] Su cd da tac ddng Idn den ddi sdng sinh hogt va hogt ddng san xuat cua ngudi dan d ven bien tinh mien Tmng Viec khac phuc su cd cho thay nang luc chdng chiu cua ngu dan KTTS bidn d mien Trung Bai vilt^ phan tich thiet hgi, viec ung phd va phuc hdi sinh ke cua ngu dan cac tinh mien Tmng sau cd mdi tmdng bien Formosa Dua tren kit qua khao sat, phdng van 200 hd ngu dan tai tinh (50 hd d xa Ky Khang, Ha TTnh; 55 hd d xa Ngu Thuy Bac, Quang Binh; 55 hd d xa Hai An, Quang Tri va 40 hd tai xa Phft Thuan, Thfta Thidn - Hud) de lam rd tac ddng sinh ke, eae giai phap ung phd va ket qua phuc hdi cua hp tgi thdi diem 30 thang sau su cd [4], Vide chpn hp phdng van dua tren danh sach sd hd KTTS bi anh hudng tgi dia phuang va ty le tuang ddng gifta cac tinh chiu thiet hgi Cae thdng tin thu thgp hd chu ydu tap tmng ve san lugng danh bat tmdc va sau su cd, thidt hai (tai chinh) cua hd, tac ddng cua su cd den sinh ke, lao dpng cua hd Thdng tin phdng van tap tmng vao thu thap cae dft lieu d cap dp cdng ddng vd cac chi tieu thidt hai, cdng tac chi dao ung phd vdi su cd, cac giai phap hd trg va eo chd giam sat, danh gia tac ddng cua su cd den ddi sdng cua ngudi dan Thift hai cua ngtr dan sau sir co Formosa Su cd mdi tmdng bien da gay nhung he lyy ddi vdi tai nguyen, mdi tmdng bidn va tac ddng true tiep den ddi sdng cua ngu dan Ca chet hang logt bat dau tgi vung biin Ha TTnh sau Ian vimg biin Quang Binh, Quang Tri, Thua Thien Hud va trdi dat vao bd (ngay 25 thang 4, bd bidn Ha TTnh ed 10 tin ca chit, Quang Tri la 30 tin Ngay 29 thang 4, Quang Binh cd hon 100 tin ca chdt) Phgm vi anh hudng cua su cd bao gdm nhieu khia eanh: ve mdi tmdng, d nhidm tu sy cd Iam anh hudng ddn he sinh thai va thuy sinh vat d vimg bien ven bd tft Ha Tinh din Thfta Thien - Hud, day la khu vuc cd hd sinh thai da dang cao nhiem ddc td nhu sit, phenol, amoni rit nghiem trpng d day bien tgi cac khu vuc da cftng, gay hgi lau dai den cac rgn san hd, sinh vat phu du, da dgng sinh vat va ngudn loi thuy san He sinh thai ran san hd bi anh hudng nhieu nhat su cd mdi tmdng,teongphgm vi dai ven bd tft Ky Anh (Ha TTnh) den Hai Van Son Tra (Thfta Thien - Hud) vdi muc dp khac nhau, thupc vao nhftng nhdm loai nhgy cam va dp phong phit cua chimg d khu vuc dd Tac dpng cua su cd mdi tmdng den he sinh thai ran san hd thd hien d ba khia canh: suy giam vd phan gidng loai, pham vi phan bd va suy giam vd dp phu san hd sdng d hau het cac mgt cat khao sat so vdi thdi diem tmdc sy cd xay bi chit hoan toan Theo Bd Ndng nghidp va Phat tridn ndng thdn, tai thdi diem quan trie thang 4, nam 2016, d tit ca diem khao sat san hd ven bd cd ti le chdt eao Cu the, d Hdn Son Duong cd ti Id san hd chit cao nhit (90%), ti Ip san hd sdng sdt chi cdn 3,75% Day la khu vuc gin Nha may Formosa nen cd muc dd anh hudng cao nhat Ddi vdi hoat ddng KTTS: tham hpa gay anh hudng Idn den san xuit va sinh hoat cua ngu dan, din nhftng hp nudi thuy san ven bd, anh hudng din du lich biin Nguyen Ngpc Tmyen, Ducmg Ngpc Phudc, Nguyen Viet Tuan, Tmong Van Tuyen va cudc sdng cua cu ddn mien Tmng Chi rieng tinh Quang Binh cd 18 xa chuyen lam nghd bidn vdi han 14.000 hd va 24.000 lao dpng nghe bidn da dimg hoat dpng Su ed da anh hudng ddn sinh ke lau dai cua ngu dan Trdn 17.600 tau ca va gan 41.000 ngudi da bi anh hudng true tiep, teen 176.000 ngudi phu thupc bi anh hudng theo Do khdng the danh bat teong viing bien bi d nhidm, cd tdi 90% tau lap may cdng suat thap va gan 4.000 tau khdng lap may da phai nam bd San lugng khai thac thuy san ven bd sut giam khoang 1.600 tan/thang Hogt ddng nudi teong thuy san ed trieu tdm gidng bi chet, hang nghin Idng nudi ca cung bi thidt hgi Hogt ddng du lich bi thiet hgi ngng ne khdng chi doanh nghiep d tinh midn Trung Nhidu doanh nghiep du lich d Ha Ndi va Thanh phd Hd Chi Minh cd kit ndi vdi tinh mien Trung ciing hi thiet hai (cdng suat sft dung phdng tgi bdn tinh teen mat 40-50%, ridng Ha ITnh sau sy cd, cdng suat phdng khach san chi cdn 10-20%) [3] Theo bao eao cua Uy ban nhan nhan (UBND) tinh Ha TTnh, su cd mdi tmdng bien da anh hudng tren 400 thdn, xom thude 67 xa, phudng, thi tran cua huyen, thi xa, phd teen dia ban tinh Udc tinh cd 15.000 hp, gin 60.000 ngudi, teen 6.000 tau thuyen bi anh hudng [6] Bao eao cua UBND tinh Quang Binh cho thay, sy cd mdi tmdng da tac dpng den ddi sdng sitih hogt ciing nhu san xuat cua ngudi dan cua 65 xa/phudng/thi tean thupc 07 huyen/thanh phd/thj xa cua tinh Udc tinh cd 20.000 hd, gan 85.000 ngudi bi anh hudng vdi 8.050 tau ca, 138.000 lao ddng bi anh hudng [7] Tai Quang Tri, su cd mdi tmdng da tac ddng den ddi sdng sinh boat ciing nhu san xuat cua ngu dan va ngudi tieu dimg Udc tinh c6 tren 8.000 hd, gin 31.000 ngudi bi anh hudng true tilp va gian tilp, tr6n 3.000 tau thuyen bi anh hudng, gia tri thiet hai ve kinh te len den hang nghin ty ddng [8] Anh hudng cua su cd mdi tmdng bidn tgi tinh Thua Thien - Hue la hit sue nghiem tepng, gay thiet hai den he sinh thai bien va ngudn loi hai san, anh hudng Idn ddn san xuat, kinh doanh va ddi sdng cua gan 46.500 ngudi, khoang 13.000 hd dan d 230 thdn/xdm, 42 x§/thi ttan cua 04 huyen va thi xa Tdng sd tau thuyen khai thac bien bj thiet hgi la 4.160 chide, tau thuyen khai thac dam pha bi thiet hai la 8.439 chiec, vdi tdng sd lao ddng khai thac bi anh hudng true tiep la 17.112 lao ddng [9] Kdt qua nghidn ciru cho thay, ty Id hd bi tac ddng d cac xa khac nhau, mftc dp tac dpng la su dao ddng dac biet cd tinh quy Iuat Ti Id thap nhat la d xa Ky Khang, Ha ITnh (31%); tiep den lan lugt la xa Ngu Thuy Bic, Quang Binh (85%); xa Hai An, Quang Tri (64%); xa Phu Thuan, Thua Thien - Hue (42%) Ket qua phu hpp vdi qua ttinh lay lan ngudn d nhiem tft nha may theo ddng hai luu tdi cac tinh midn Tmng Ty le hd KTTS chiu nhieu anh hudng cung nam d hai khu vuc Quang Binh (497 hd) va Quang Tri (475 hd) Nhu vgy, sy cd mdi tmdng bidn 2016 da tac ddng nghidm trpng ddn ddi sdng sinh ke cua ngudi dan tinh sdng ven bidn mien Trung, de doa den su phat trien ben vung cua cpng ddng sdng phu thupc vao tai nguyen bien Thiet hai vat chat cua cac hd nghien ciiu dugc tinh bang tidn Tdng thiet hai cho den thdi diem nghien cuu (30 thang sau su cd) bao gdm hai chi tieu: (1) Mit chi phi san xuit da dau tu tmdc sy cd; (2) San phim bi d nhiem su cd 119 Khoa hpc xa hdi Via Nam, sd - 2020 xay Tinh binh quan, tdng gia tri thiet hai cua mdi hp la 231,3 trieu ddng,teongdd cac hd chi KTTS tdn thit nhidu hon (240,5 trieu) cac hd cd quy md hoat dpng khai thac Idn nen tdn that nhidu Ngir dan img pho, phuc hoi sinh ke sau SIT CO Formiosa 3.L Ngu ddn icng sau su co Formosa Trade tac ddng cua su cd mdi tmdng, hd KTTS da thyc hidn giai phap ung phd, phuc hdi sinh ke va ddi sdng (1) Ddi phd Day la vide thye hien cac giai phap mdi sau su cd, mang tinh tgm thdi khan cap, nhu: cit giam chi tieu, ban tai san Vay vdn tin dung (tu ngan hang hogc cac kenh tin dyng phi chinh thftc) Tim kidm su ho trg tft ba cou, hp hang (vay mugn tien hogc cac hd trg khac) Tiro kilm su giup do, hpp tae thdng qua cac mdi quan he xa hpi dd tao sy da dang vd ngudn thu Tham gia vao cac hogt ddng sinh ke mdi (trudc day hp chua timg lam) de tao them ngudn thu hoac phuc vu tieu dimg gia dinh (tedng trpt, ehan nudi, lam thue, budn ban ); (2) LTng phd thich ftng Giai phap la diSu chinh hoae md rdng cac hoat ddng sinh ke vdn cd cua gia dinh, va dupc tidp tue lau dai (eae hd KTTS chuyen sang khai thac xa bd va khai thac dai thay vi di ngay) Dieu chinh, thay ddi hogt dpng sinh ke thuy san bi anh hudng Vi dy, ehuyen sang khai thac sdng hoac khai thac ting ndi ; (3) iTng phd chuydn ddi Day la giai phap thyc hien chuyin ddi hoan toan sang cac hoat dpng sinh kd mdi ma khdng bi tac ddng bdi sy cd; (4) iTng phd bing each tidp can ho trp va bdi thudng thiet hgi 120 Trong sd cac giai phap ung phd, viec ap dung cac phuang thuc chdng chiu, nhu: cat giam chi tieu, ban tai san, vay mupn, tim kilm sy hd teg tft ben ngoai, fham gia vao cac hoat ddng sinh kd mdi kha phd bien d cac hd Giai phap cit giam chi tidu dupe dugc hd sft dung nhidu nhit (62%), tilp den la giai phap vay vdn (29%) Day la nhftng giai phap ung phd dugc da sd eae hd danh gia cd tac ddng tich cue len qua trinh phuc hdi sinh kl cua cac hp Trong dd, eat giam chi tieu da giup cae hd vugt qua dugc giai dogn khd khan mit ngudn thu va vay vdn tin dyng giup hd tai dau tu sau tac ddng cua su cd giam dan Ddi vdi nhdm giai phap ung phd thich img, cd hinh thftc thich ung dugc cac hd ap dyng: (1) Chuyen sang tham gia khai thac xa bd va d cac ngu tmdng khae (65% sd hp); (2) Chuyin sang khai thac ea ting mat ca ting day bi d nhiem (18,5% sd hd) D I ung phd thay vi chiu dung, thi phan Idn ngu dan cdn lai chpn phuang thftc thich ftng la lam mdi, thay ddi va tidp tyc thyc hidn hogt ddng tgo thu nhap dd kiem sdng, thay vi trade day danh ca tang day gid chuyen sang khai thac ca tang mat hoac tft khai thac gin bd sang tham gia khai thac xa bd va khai thac tgi cac dia phuang khac (day ciong la giai phap dugc phin ddng sd hd lya chpn) Ben canh nhung hd ftng phd bing ehdng chiu hoae thieh ftng thi ciing c6 mdt ty Id dang kl cac hd ung phd bing each chuydn ddi sinh kd Trong dd, ed khoang 10% cae hp dupc khao sat thyc hien chuydn ddi dudi dang md rdng them hoat ddng nudi trdng thuy san va cac dich vy nghe ca dl thay thi hoat ddng lien quan din thuy san Cimg vdi dd, khoang 2% tft bd cac hogt dpng sinh kl Nguyin Ngpc Tmyen, Duong Ngpc Phudc, Nguyen Vilt Tuan, Tmong Van Tuyin (HDSK) chinh lien quan ddn thuy - hai san de chuydn sang cac nganh nghe khac Mac du ty le hd md rpng cac HDSK phu tirong ddi thap Ben cgnh cac phuong thftc ung phd ma hd KTTS da ap dung dk lam giam tac ddng va thidt hai tft sy cd mdi tmdng, thi Chinh phu va ehinh quydn dia phuang ddng vai trd ho trg ehung, giup ngudi dan dn dinh tam ly, ddi sdng sinh hoat va hogt dpng san xuit cua hd Sy hd trg da giup hd sdm dn dinh san xuat va ddi sdng Cac hinh thuc hd teg bao gdm: ggo, tien (theo Quyet dinh sd 772/QD-TTg va Quydt dinh sd 1138/QD-TTg cua Thu tudng Chinh phu nhu hd trg khan cap 15kg ggo/ ngudi/ thang teong thdi gian thang hoac tien mat dd giai quydt cae san pham thuy san bi d nhiem; 100% hp eung nhan dupc tien mat nhu mpt phan bdi thudng cho cae san pham va thu nhap bi mat) va cdng tac xa hdi (theo Quyit dinh sd 772/QD-TTg va Quyit dinh sd 1138/QD-TTg eua Thu tudng Chinh phu) Nhiing hd trg kip thdi va nhanh ehdng cua Chinh phu va ehinh quyen dia phuong da gdp phan vao viec dn dinh ddi sdng, hoat ddng san xuat cua hd va qua ttinh phuc hdi sinh ke cua hd KTTS Tuy nhien, da phan cac hd KTTS cho rang, mftc den bu chua tuong xftng vdi thiet hgi cua hp Nhdm hp da dgng sinh kd thi dugc nhan din bu eao hon so vdi nhdra hd chuyen KTTS Dieu ciing cd phan hgp ly, bdi le danh gia thiet hai de din bu thi cd thi cac hd cd da dang nghd cd lien quan ddn thuy san nhan dupe nhieu gdi ddn bit hon nhftng hd chi cd hoac nghd, din din tdng hd trg eua cac hd da dang sinh k l se cao hon so vdi cac hd chuyen KTTS Nhin ehung, cac hd trg cua Chinh phu va chi tta den bu cimg da kip thdi, dung ddi tupng, tao dugc niem tin cho cpng ddng KTTS, thuc day ngudi dan vuon khoi bam bien sau sy ed Tuy nhidn, mftc dp ddn bu van edn ehua thue su tuang xftng va hgp ly dan den kha nang phuc hdi sau sy cd ciia mdt sd nhdm hd v i n cdn thap, dgc biet nhdm hd ngheo hogc chuyen KTTS 3.2 Phuc hoi sinh ke cua ngu ddn sau su co Formosa 30 thang sau sy cd, nhin ehung cac hd KTTS da ap dung nhieu giai phap de hgn che thiet hgi, tang cudng kha nang chdng chiu va phye hdi lai hogt dpng KTTS, dam bao ngudn thu nhap va dn dinh cudc sdng Viec cac hd KTTS ap dung cac giai phap ung phd da giup hp sdm dn dinh cudc sdng va tiep tuc thuc hien boat ddng KTTS Cac hp chuyen KTTS cd mftc dp phuc hdi thu nhap 4at 51,9% so vdi trade su cd, thip hem nhieu so vdi hd ngu da dang (90%)) Ty Id hd phuc hdi 75%i thu nhap ted len (31,8 % hd) thip hem nhidu so vdi nhdm ngu da dgng (91%)) Do cac hd le thupc hoan toan vao hogt ddng KTTS nen sy cd xay da gay tac dpng nghiem tepng den sinh kd hd, hgn chd ket qua phuc hdi cua hg Cd thd thiy da dang hoa ngudn thu cua cac hd la giai phap quan trpng ttong phuc hdi thu nhap cua ho bi anh hudng tft sy cd Binh quan ehung, den thdi diem khao sat cd trdn 84,5% sd hp dugc xem nhu phuc hdi hoan toan vd thu nhap (>75% thu nhap) [4] Kit qua phyc hdi thu nhap eua hd chi phan anh thuc trang phuc hdi eua cac hoat ddng san xuit nhung chua phan anh het kha 121 Khoa hoc xa hdi Viet Nam, sd - 2020 nang phat trien sinh ke cua hd eiing nhu edng ddng hien tgi va tuang lai Ddi vdi nhdm hd chuyen KTTS, 90,9% sd hd danh gia sirih ke va thu nhap gan phye hdi vdi 90,9%; 9,1% cho ring da phuc hdi hoan toan Ddi vdi ddi sdng, ed ddn 86,4% hd chi KTTS danh gia gin phuc hdi, va 100% cho rang, ddi vdi edng ddng chi d muc gan phye hdi Cac hp ngu da dgng cd mftc dp da phuc hdi d sinh kd, thu nhap, ddi sdng va phuc hdi cpng ddng eao hon so vdi nhdm chi KTTS, nhdm hd KTTS nhan dinh da phuc hdi sau su cd d mftc thap (khoang 10%), ngupc lai hd ngu da dgng lai cd muc dp da phuc hdi d ba chi tidu (hoat ddng sinh kd la 53,9%), thu nhap la 56,7%, ddi sdng cua hp la 59,6%)) ddu cao hon gin lin [4] Ket luSn Su cd Formosa da gay nhieu tac ddng tidu cue den ddi sdng, sinh ke eua nhdm hd khao sat Tmng binh thdi gian mdi hd chiu anh hudng cua sy cd khoang 23 thang, binh quan tdng thiet hai cua hd phai chiu la hon 231 tripu ddng/hd Cac hd da thue hien nhidu giai phap ftng phd, ttong dd giam chi tieu cua hp dugc sd hd ap dung nhieu nhat Giai phap ap dung cae thuc hanh mdi hogt ddng sinh ke thuy san bi anh hudng (chuydn tu khai thac gan bd sang khai thac xa bd va chuydn tft khai thac tang day sang ting mat) dupe cac hd sft dung de tang cudng nang lyc va kha nang thichftng.Tuy nhien, cae giai phap duge dua chu ydu la cac nhdm giai phap chiu dung nhim giam nhe tac hai hon la phan khang lai vdi thiet hai hJ su cd Mot sd hd da chu ddng thuc hien cac giai phap chuydn ddi sinh ke nhu 122 chuydn ddi nghd nghiep hogc chuyen han sang NTTS, eung nhu cac nganh nghe khac nhung cung chua dem lgi hieu qua cao Ddi vdi nhdm chuyen KTTS, thdi gian bi anh hudng bdi su cd tuong ddi dai (30 thang) Thdi gian bi anh hudng cua nhdm ngu da dang ngin hon so nhdm hd chuyen KTTS Didu cftng tirong ddi dd hiiu, nhdm ho chuyen ehi hoat ddng nhat mdt hogt ddng sinh kl nen cd sy cd xay thi khd cd thd phuc hdi lai va phuc hdi se eham hon so vdi cac hd da dang ngudn thu sau sy cd Formosa Vdi sy hd ttp cfta Chinh phu, su ftng phd cua ngudi dan thi vide phuc hdi lai thu nhap cung nhu dn dinh ddi sdng cua ngudi dan bude dau cung da mang lai mdt sd ket qua kha quan Chinh phu daftngphd kip thai va hieu qua, lam rd muc dp nghiem ttpng cua suu cd, nguyen nhan gay d nhiem, ngudn phat thai d nhiem va ddi tugng chiu teach nhiem Tu dd huy ddng dugc ngudn lire thyc hien hdtegkhan cap va den bu khae phuc hau qua Vide tiep can hd teg va den bft dugc danh gia la yeu td rat quan tepng cho ket qua phuc hdi sinh kl ddi sdng cua nhdm hd KTTS Cae hp chuydn KTTS, da dang smh kd kem nen kha nang chdng chiu thap, b; tac dpng nhiiu va phuc hdi eham hon so vdi cac hp ngu da dgng sinh kd Cftu ttg khin cip va din bu thiet hgi cd vai trd rit quantepngcho phuc hdi sinh ke va ddi sdng cua cae hd Chu thich ' Nghien ctm dupc tii trp bdi Quj Ph^t triln khoa h9C va c6ng ngh^ Quoc gia (NAFOSTED) de tai ma s6 504.05-2018.05 Nguyin Ngoc Truyin, Duong Ngpc Phudc, Nguyin Vilt Tuan, Truang Van Tuyin bi dnh hu&ng boi su cd moi tru&ng biin tai Qudng Binh [1] BanChi dgo qu5c gia xu ly sir co moi trucmg [7] Uy ban nhan dan tinh Quang Trj (2018), Bdo cdo tong kit cong ldc chi trd, bdi thuang ho bien (2018), Bdo cdo tdng kit hogt dpng vi cdc tra thiet hgi vd on dinh dai song sdn xudt, kinh gidi phdp 6n dinh doi song vd san xudt - kinh doanh cho ngu&i ddn bi dnh hu&ng su cS moi doanh cho ngudi ddn 04 tinh miin Trung truang biin trin dia bdn tinh Qudng Tn bi anh hu&ng s\r co moi trudng biin Tai li^u tham khao [2] Iran Tho Dat, Vu Thi Hoai Thu (2011), "Sy thich ling cua sinh ke ven bifin tmdc tac dong ctia bien d6i hau: Nghien cftu dien hinh tai huyen Giao Thiiy, tinh Nam Djnh", Tap chi Kinh te va Phdt trien, so 171 [8] Uy ban nhan dan tinh Thira Thien - Hui (2018), Bdo cdo long kit cong tdc boi thuang ho trp' su CO moi truang biin tgi Thira Thien - Hue [9] Vi^n Han ISm Khoa hgc va Cong nghe ViSt Nam (2018), Bdo cdo tham lugn Xde dinh nguyen nhdn gdy su co moi truang biin tgi [3] Nguyen Quang Phuc, Le Anh Qu^ (2017), Su tinh mien Trung CO moi truong bien miin trung vd tdc dpng ciia no din viec lam vd thu nhdp cua lao dpng: [10] Adger, W Neil, et al (2005), Social-ecological Nghiin cuu truoTig hap tai xd Vinh Hdi, huyin resilience to coastal disasters Science, Phu Lpc tinh Thiea Thien - Hui No 309 [4] Nguyen Ngoc Truyen, Duong Ngpc Phu6c, [11] B^n6, Christophe, et al (2014), Resilience, poverty and development Journal of Nguyin Viet Tuin, Tmong V5n Tuyen (2018), International Development, No 26 Khdo sat, diiu tra 200 ho ngu ddn tgi xd Ky Khang (Ha TTnh) xd Ngu Thuy Bdc (Qudng[12] Ben6, Christophe, et al (2016), Is resilience Binh), xd Hdi An (Qudng Tri), xS Phij Thugn socially constructed? Empirical evidence from (Thira Thien - Hui) Fiji, Ghana, Sri Lanka, and Vietnam, Global environmental change No 38 [5] Uy ban nhan dan tinh Ha Tmh (2018), Bdo cdo tong kit cong tdc khdc phuc thiet hgi su co [13] Constas, M, et al (2014), A common analytical moi trudng bien tgi Hd Tinh model for resilience measurement: causal framework and methodological options Food [6] Uy ban nhan dan tinh Quang Binh (2018), Ket Security Information Network Resilience qud thuc hiin boi thudng, ho tra khoi phuc Measurement Technical Working Group sdn xudt vd ddm bdo an ninh cho ngudi ddn 123 ... dan img pho, phuc hoi sinh ke sau SIT CO Formiosa 3.L Ngu ddn icng sau su co Formosa Trade tac ddng cua su cd mdi tmdng, hd KTTS da thyc hidn giai phap ung phd, phuc hdi sinh ke va ddi sdng (1)... bien tgi cac khu vuc da cftng, gay hgi lau dai den cac rgn san hd, sinh vat phu du, da dgng sinh vat va ngudn loi thuy san He sinh thai ran san hd bi anh hudng nhieu nhat su cd mdi tmdng,teongphgm... midn Trung Nhidu doanh nghiep du lich d Ha Ndi va Thanh phd Hd Chi Minh cd kit ndi vdi tinh mien Trung ciing hi thiet hai (cdng suat sft dung phdng tgi bdn tinh teen mat 40-50%, ridng Ha ITnh sau