Những yếu tố ảnh hưởng đến tiếp cận thông tin của phụ nữ dân tộc thiểu số

NHtTNG YEU TO ANH Hl/dNG DEN TIEP CAN THONG TIN CUA PHU N C DAN TOC THIEU SO (qua nghien cuu a tinh Lai Chau)' VU THI THANH" Tir khda: ddn Igc thieu sd, binh ddng giai, tiep cdn thdng tin, hda nhgp xg hgi Ngdy nhdn bdi: 05/12/2019: ngdy gOi phdn bien: 06/12/2019: ngdy duyft ddng bdi: 10/02/2020 Gidi thigu Bio cao Quin li chi sd phit ttidn ben vihig 16.10.2 ve tiep can thdng tin (trong cic muc tieu phit tridn ben vung - SDG) cua Td ehire Giio due, Khoa hpc vi Vin hda Lien hgp qudc (UNESCO) (2019) di md dau bang vige trieh din ldi phat bieu ciia cyu Bp trudng Bp Thdng tin nude Cpng hda Yemen: "Neu thdng tin li sire manh thi vi$c tiip cin thdng tin chinh li mgt quydn ning" Bio eio ciing eoi tiep can thdng tin la dieu thiet yeu dd dgt dupe cic muc tieu phit trien ben vihig bdi thdng qua viee tiep can thdng tin, ngudi duge trao quyen de dua nhiing quydt djnh ed hiSu biet dya tren viec dupc nam bat thdng tin vi hg biet den nhihig quyet djnh cd anh hudng tdi cupc sdng eua hp (UNESCO, 2019) Bao cio ve hda nhap xa hpi eua Ngan hing the gidi (WB) da ehi ring, tiep can cie dich vu thdng tin se tang cuimg sy ket ndi va thue day cic ca nhan tham gia vao mpt "nen kinh te mdi" va dieu gdp phan vio viec tang cuimg sy hda nhgp xa hgi (WB, 2013) (3 Viet Nam, Chinh phu da cd nhihig no luc 6i tang eudng tiep can thdng tin ciia ddng bao dan tpc thidu sd (DTTS) Chuong trinh muc tieu qudc gia tir nim 2012 - 2015 da ehu ttpng dSn viec dua thdng tin den cic viing sau, viing xa, ddng thai, eac dja phuong ciing dua nhihig muc tieu cy the nhim tiiuc day bmh ding gidi ttong Imh vyc flidng tin (Vien Khoa hpc Iao ddng va xi hdi, Co quan ve bmh ding gidi vi trao quyen cho phy nil Lien hpp qude (UN Women) vi Co quan Phit Irien qudc te Ue - Australia Aid, 2015) * TS.; Vi?n Nghien cuu Con ngudi, Vi^n Han lam Khoa hpc xa hpi Vi^t Nam ' Bai viet dirge thirc hi?n khuon kh6 ih tai dp Bo 2019 - 2020: "Nghien cim hoa nhjp xa hpi cua phy nil dan tpc thiiu so tir each ti6p can phat trien ngirdi" Vi?n Nghien cihi Con ngudi la ca quan chti tri Nghiin cdu bon ngudi sd 1(106) 2020 29 Vu Thi Thanh Mac dil vgy, nhiing nhdm xa hpi y eu thd nhu phy nil DTTS vin ddi dign vdi nhieu bit lpi tiep can thdng tin Ket qui khio sit ciia td ehiic Care (2017) tgi mgt sd tinh midn mil phia Bic Viet Nam da ehi ring phy nil DTTS tiep can thdng tin it han nhieu so vdi nam gidi DTTS Theo Vien Khoa hpc lao dpng vi xa hdi va cae ddi tic (2015), eic chinh sach thdng tin cho nhflng ngudi d viing sau, vung xa hien ehua dip ung tinh nhgy cim v^ gidi - thidu sy chii ttgng diing muc den nhu cau vi nang tiep can thdng tin eua phy nil va ire em gii Bii viet se gdp phan lim rd nhiing khd khin ddi vdi phy nil DTTS tiep can thdng tin Dya tren eic ket qua nghien ciru dinh lupng (phdng vin bing bing hdi 200 phu nil la ngudi dan tge Thai vi dan tde Mdng) va nghien eim dinh tinh (phdng vin sau cin bd va ngudi dan) cua de tai: "Nghien ciru hda nhgp xa hpi eiia phu ntt dan tpe thidu sd tir eieh tidp can phat trien eon ngudi" dupc thye hign tai %li Khoen On va xa Phue Than (huyen Than Uyen, tinh Lai Chau), bii viet khii quat tinh hinh tiip can thdng tin ciia phy nil DTTS va phan tich nhiing rao can ddi vdi phu nil DTTS tiep can tiidng tin Tinh hlnh tilp can thong tin ciia phu nir dan toe thieu so Trong xa hdi hien nay, flidng tin eang ed vai trd quan ttpng ddi vdi ddi sdng ngudi Bin than phu nil DTTS hign eung nhan thire duge sy can thiet eua thdng tin ddi vdi hp Theo ket qui khio sat, phy nil DTTS d tinh Lai Chau dinh gii cao muc can Mii ciia thdng tin ddi vdi hg Ket qua phan tich diem ttung binh ve miie dp can thiet cua cac loai thdng tin (theo thang didm la "Khdng cin thiet" den Ii "Cin thiet") eho thay nhung logi thdng tin ma phy nil DTTS thay can thiet nhat la cic thdng tin ve cham sde sire khde (2,87 diem), tiep den la thdng tin ve kinh te (vay vdn; sin xuat, chan nudi) d khoing 2,6 - 2,7 didm Sd dl nhu vgy la nhiing van de ve sue khde va kinh te gin bd mat thiet vdi ddi sdng eua hp Trong dd, diem ttung binh ve miie dp cin thiet cua cac logi thdng tin khae (vi dy nhu ve luat phip, vige lam, ehinh trj xa hdi, bmh ding gidi, dit dai) cd diem sd thap ban - dao dgng khoang tir 2,3 - 2,5 didm Cin bp phy nil xa Phiie Than eho biet: "Phu nu a ddy xem tivi Ihi chii yeu Id xem cdc chuang trinh gidi tri phim dnh thdi chu hg it xem thai su hay cdc tin tiic khde" (phdng vin sau PVS, nil, cin bp) Lpai flidng tin ed diem sd trung binh dinh gia dg ein thidt thip nhit li thdng tin ve dat dai Dieu cd le bdi da sd ngudi dan d day Uiudng sir dyng phin dat dai duge tiiira ke hoge dupe ehinh quyen giao (vi dy nhu dit rimg) Dit dai d day it cd sy bidn dgng vi ngudi dan cung it mua, bin dit Bin flian phu ntt DTTS it dupc fliira kd dit dai tir cha mg de nhung liy chdng hg se dupe sir dyng dat dai cua nhi ehdng Chinh vi flie, mirc cin fliidt eua flidng tin vi dit dai khdng dupe phy nil danh gia eao nhu cie logi thdng tin khic Nghien cdu Con ngudi sd 1(106) 2020 Nhirng yeu td dnh huang den Bang 1: Sinh gia ve mvc dg can thiet ciia cac thdng tin (diem trung binh) Diem trung binh 2,87 2,78 2,63 2,49 2,48 2,48 2,45 2,32 Loai kien thirc/thong tin Cbim sde siic khde Sin xuat, chan nudi Vay vdn Luat phip Vige lam Chinh trj, xa hgi Binh ding gidi Dit dai Igch chuan 0,40 0,46 0,58 0,63 0,64 0,58 0,62 0,68 Ngudn: Kel qud khdo sdl cua de Idi Igi linh Lai Chdu ndm 2019 Cic ket qua so sanh cho thay vige dinh gii mue ein thiet cua cic logi thdng tin ve sire khde, kinh te, lugt phip la thdng nhat giiia cie nhdm dan tpc, nhdm tudi v i nhdm hpc van (P>0,05) Tuy nhien, ed sy khae biet vi dan tge vi hpc van dinh gia miic can thiet ciia cie Ioai thdng tin ve viec lim, dit dai va chinh trj, xi hgi Nhin chung, phu nu' dan tdc Thai danh gii su can thiet ciia eic thdng tin ve viec lim, dat dai va chinh frj, xa hgi cao ban so vdi sy dinh gia cua phu nil din tpe Mdng Ben canh dd, sy dinh gii ve mirc dp can thiet eiia cic thdng tin ve viec lim, dat dai, binh dang gidi v i chinh trj xa hpi ciia eic nhdm phu nil cd di hge ciing cao hem so vdi nhdm phy nil khdng di hpc Bang 2: Kiem djnh T-test so sanh mirc can thiet ciia eic loai thong tin theo nhom dan toe va hge van (diem trung binh) Loai kien thirc, thong tin Thii Dan tdc Mdng Cham sde sire khde San xuat, chan nudi Vay vdn Lugt phip Vige Iim Binh ding gidi Chinh tti, xa hgi Dat dai 2,8 2,8 2,5 2,5 2,6 2,5 2,9 2,6 2,8 2,7 2,7 2,3 2,1 2,3 2,8 2,1 P *+• *** + ** Khdng dihoc 2,8 2,8 2,7 2,4 2,3 2,3 2,3 2,1 Hoc van Cd di hge 2,8 2,7 2.5 2,5 2,6 2,6 2,6 2,5 Ngudn: Ket qud khdo sdl cua di tdi tgi tinh Lai Chdu ndm 2019 Ghi chii: Miic y nghia thdng ke *P