Djch vu ngan hang qua dien thoai di dong cho ngu'ofi ngheo va phu nu" tai huyen Tran Yen, tinh Yen Bai^ D XGAN LUAN" NGUYEM HOAMG BiScDOAN THj MAI*" NGUYEM THI DONG"" Tom tat Nghiin cffu sff dung sd lieu phong vdn true tii'p 32 hd vd mo hinh Udc lugng logit nhdm ddnh gid thuc trgng vd trien vgng cung ffng dich vu ngdn hdng qua dien thogi di ddng cho ngUdi ngheo vd phu nff tgi huyen Trdn Yin, tinh Yen Bdi Ki't qud nghien cffu cho thdy, tdng sd ho duoc khdo sdt, 68,5% hg duac tiep cdn vdn Uu ddi tff Ngdn hdng Chinh sdch xd hgi Sugia tdng sohg sff dung diin thogi di dgng tgo ca hdi ldn cung ffng cdc dich vu ngdn hdng Dich vu tin nhdn (SMS banking) qua dien thogi di dgng dang dugc trien khai vd giup gidm thdi gian vd chi phi giao dich eho cdc hg, dong thdi gidm chi phi hogt dgng eho ngdn hdng Trong tuang lai, de md rgng cdc dich vu khde, nhu: todn vd chuyen khodn trUc tuyi'n, SIX an todn giao dich, ndng cao kii'n thffc cua ngUdi ddn sff dung von vd ffng dung cong nghe so'cdn dugc tdng cudng Ngodi ra, thtic ddy tie'p can thi trUdng vd phdt triin hg tdng ndng thon la cdn thii't di phdt huy hieu qud cda cdc dich vu ngdn hdng Tff khoa: dieh vu ngdn hdng, diin thogi di ddng, ngUdi ngheo Yen Bdi Summary The study uses data collected from direct intervie-ws -with 327 households and a logit estimation model to assess the status and prospects of providing mobile banking services for the poor and women in Tran Yen district Yen Bai province Results show that of the total surveyed households, 68.5% have access to preferential credit from Vietnam Bank for Social Policies SMS banking via mobile phones has been provided and helps to reduce time consumption and transaction costs for households as well as operational costs for the bank In the future, to expand other banking services such as online payment and transfer, the security oftransacttons, competencies of rural people in using credit and digital technologies need to be strengthened In addition, market access enhancement and rural infrastructure development are necessary to promote the effectiveness of access to banking services Keywords: banking services, mobile phone, the poor in Yen Bai GlCfl THIEU nffdc ta, theo Mobile Marketing Associadon (2018), ty le sd ngffdi d dp tudi trffdng d ndng thdn sff dung dien thoai di dgng la 89%, dd cd 68% sff dung dien thoai thdng minh Ngifdi ddn nong thdn hien cbij yeu danh 95% thdi gian sff dung dien thoai cho nghe nhac, truy cap cdc trang mang xa hgi va chdi game Sff phdt trien cua tang thong tin va sff gia tang so ngffdi sff dung dien thoai di dpng md cdhdi cung ffng cac dich vu ngdn hang sd tdi ngffdi dan d vung sau, vung xa Trong giai doan 2017-2019, dff an "Dich vu ngan hang tren dien thoai di dgng - cap dich vu tai chinh va tao quyen ndng kinh te'cho ngffdi thu nhap tha'p va phu nff d Viet Nam" da dffdc trien khai vdi sff phd'i ' " , " ' , " " , Khoa Kinh te va Phat tnen nong thon Tnfdng Dai hgc Mong lam Thai Nguyen Ngdy nhan bdi: 24/03/2020; Ngdy phan bi?n: 15/04/2020, Ngdy duyet ddng • 21/04/2020 ' Nghien ciiu duac tdi tra bdi Trudng Dai hoc Ndng ldm Thdi Nguyen irong DS rdi md sa "SV20I9-26" 59 BANG 1: Ce MAG VA PHAft BO C MAU CAC HQ DU^C KHAO SAT Xa Cac thfin Atidc khao sat T ; l:cng(%) S6'h(> Cu'Bng Thinh Dong Lan Dong Chudi Hien Du-Ong D6ng Cho Da'l Den 170 51,98 Kien Thanh Yen Thinh An Thinh, Khe Rong Khe Dau Dong Cdt 157 48,02 327 IOO Tdng Nguon Khao '^SL > i.a ntiom tac gia hdp giffa Ngdn hang Chinh sdch xd hdi, MasterCard va Quy chdu A Cac dich vu ngan hang so' ban dau nbu" SMS banking da giup tie't kiem thdi gian, giam chi phi hoat dgng va ty le nd xd'u cho ngan hang Nhd vay, ngudn vo'n tin dung ifu dai cua Ngan hang Chinh sach xd hpi da cung cap mdt lifdng vd'n Idn cho phat trien san xua't, gdp pban quan trgng giam ngheo De md rgng SMS banking va cac dich vu ngan bang khac tu'dng lai, cac nghien cffu thffc nghiem nham ddnh gid trien vgng va thach thffc eung cdc dich vu ngan hang so' la rat can thie't (Duncombe, 2016) NghiSn cffu iffa chgn huyen Tra'n Yen tinh Yen Bdi, ndi cd ty le hg ngheo eao lam dia ban nghien cffu Vdi md hinh td chffc cho vay cua he tho'ng chi nhdnh Ngdn bang Cbinh sach xa hdi khd tifdng dong giffa cac huyen, ke't qua nghien cffu cd gid tri tham khao cho cac dia phifdng khde thuc day tai chinh toan dien va giam ngheo d nong thon mfdc ta PHUONG PHAP NGHIEN CLTU Sd'lieu nghien cffu Sd'lieu sdca'p dffdc thu thap thdng qua khao sdt trUc tie'p cdc hg tren dia ban huyen Tra'n Yen tinh Yen Bai nam 2019, sff dung phie'u da thie't ke Muc dich khao sat nham tim hieu thffc trang va trien vong cung ffng cac djch vu cua Ngdn hang Chinh sdch xa hdi qua dien thoai di dgng Cdc xd va thdn difdc chgn dai dien cbo cdc vung sinh thai khde Huyen Cac hg du'dc chgn nglu nbien difa tren tham van cua cae chu tich xa va trffdng thdn, nhffng ngifdi am hieu ve dac diem kinh texa hgi tai dia ban nghien cffu Cd mdu se dude phdn bd' nhieu hdn cho cac xa, thdn ma cd mffc giao dich qua Ngdn hang Chinh sdch xa hdi cao hdn Sd'Iffdng va phan bo cdc hg dude phdng vd'n dude trinh bay tai Bang i M6 hinh phan tich Mo hinh logit dffdc sff dung de phan tich anb hu'dng ciia sd hffu dien thoai di dgng va cdc ye'u to'khde de'n kha ndng vay vo'n tff Ngan hang Chinh sdch xa hpi cua cdc hp tren dia ban Ve ly thuye't, cdc hd se cd nhu cau vay vo'n ldi ich ky vpng tit sff dung vd'n ldn hdn chi phi Neu ggi Y" la ldi ich ky vgng tff de'p can vo'n hg se quyet dinh •vay Y ' > va ngffdc lai Ldi ich ky vgng la mpt bie'n an giai thich eho quye't dinh vay vd'n cua hg Tren thffc te, chi cd bie'n phu thuoc Y^, phan anh thffc trang vay vd'n cua hp dffdc quan sat va lffdng Trong mo hinh logit, Y^ la bie'n phu thudc nban gia tri bang neu ho vay va neu hd khong vay Thffc cha't, viee ffdc lifdng md hinh logit chinh la ffdc Iffdng xdc sud't tie'p can tin dung cd dilu kien va dffdc vie't dffdi dang sau: 1=1 Trong dd, X^ la cdc bie'n giai thich, dai dien cho nguon life cua hd cd anb hffdng tdi kha nang tie'p can tin dung ngan hang; b^ b^ la cdc he s6' can ffdc Iffdng Trong cdc bien giai thich, s6 hu'u didn thoai di ddng la bie'n difde quan tam nhd't vi ddy dieu kien tien quye't de ngan hang trien khai cdc dich vu qua dien thoai di dpng tdi ngffdi dan Ngoai ra, cae bi6'n kiem sodt khac, phan anh nguon life cua hg va chinh sdch cho vay cua ngdn hang cung dffdc tich hdp vao mo hinh Viec tich hdp cdc bie'n kiem sodt vao mo hinh logit cung giiip giam thieu du'dc van de ngi sinh cua mo hinh ffdc lifdng (Gosavi, 2018) ^ Tuy nhien, cd the cd nhieu tap hdp cdc bien giai thich khde dffdc sff dung cac md hinh logit nen viec xac dinh md hinh logit td'i im cd y nghia quan trgng Phifdng phap trung binh hoa md hinh theo cdch tie'p can Bayes (Bayesian Model Average - BMA) dffdc sff dung de hd trd cho viec lifa chon bie'n Gia sff, CO m md hinh logit kha di,'viec so sanh lifa chgn mo hinh m va se dffdc tien hanh thdng qua xac sud't hdu dinh:' ^f(KJZl^Pr(Mj ^ Pr(M ) Pr(M,\Z) Pr(M) "T^fzj^^ BMA se chi t6 hdp cac bie'n U i thieh B i c lthap d ' nhat nVl (Nguygn Y^ ^'^" Van "^^ ^Tua'n, - h c 2014) ch ' BIC KET QUA NGHIEN CLfu Thffc trang vav vo'n v^ „ dungdien-th'aididsJJ^'OOs* can va'n "6 tiSp Ket qua khao sat o:-,i ihs-., - , stfhgkhaosatddc>",\2'ô8.50% ã "-Nhiing khdng vay cd nhu ciu, nhffng cdc rao can khde nhau: ndng lffc sff dung von han che, ngai thu tue vay rffdm va thie'u thdng tin vl nguon vo'n (Bang 2) Nhff vay, de tang d6'p can va sff dung vd'n hieu qua, cdng tac dao tao nang cao trinh suf dung vd'n va ke't no'i hg vdi thi trffdng, cdc dich vu khuye'n nong va cdc chinh sdeh h5 bd khac cua Nha nffdc la ra't cin thie't Bang cung cap thdng tin muc dich sft dung dien thoai di dpng ciia cdc hg dude khao sat Ke't qua khao cho thd'y, toan bo cdc hp sff dung didn thoai di dgng sff dung mgt so' tinh nang cd ban ciia dien thoai, nhff: lien lac, giai tri Khoang 44,87% sohg sff dung dien thoai de giao dich vdi ngdn hang, dd chu yeu sff dung dich vu tin nhan SMS banking de nhdn thdng tin ve dieu kien vay, so' dff tai khoan va thong tin ve cdc cugc hgp binh xet vay cua cdc to tie't kiem va vay vdn Day ciing la dgng lffc de thue dd'y, tnen khai ffng dung^dieh vu ngdn hang qua di6n thoai dl dpng trd nen phd bie'n hdn dd'i vdi ngffdi ngheo va phu^nff d ndng thon Anh hffofng cua sd hifu dien thoai di dOng va cac ye'u to'khac tdi kha nang tid'p can vd'n tiJf NgSn hang Chinh sach xa h6i Bang tnnh bay ke't qua ifdc Iffdng md hinh logit nham phan tich anh hffdng cua sd hu^i dien thoai di dgng va cdc yS'u td'nguSn lffc tdi kha nang de'p can vo'n vay cua hp Ket qua cho tha'y, cdc chi tieu thd'ng ke, BANG 2; THtrC TRAtiG TIEP C/iN VON VAY CGA HO Stfh6(h$) Chi ti6u Ty trgng (%) Tong sd ho khao sat 327 IOO HQ vay vdn 224 68,50 Ho khong vay vdn 103 31,50 Nguyen nhan h6 ichong vay 103 100 79 76.69 Ndng lUc sddung von hgn che Ngai thii luc rudm rd Thieu Ihong tin ve nguon vd'n S 7.76 J6 15.55 BAMG 3: Mgc DICH S(S DgNG DIEN THOAI Dl DOtiG Muc dich Sd'h$ Ty trgng (%) Li6n lac, giai tri 327 100 Giao dich v6i ngan hang (nhan tin nhan SMS bankmg, lien lac vdi can bo tin dung va to irtfdng to tie't kiem vay vdn ) 245 44,87 BANG 4: AMH HffdMG CGA s d HdO DIEt^ THOAI THOMG MINH VA CAC YEU TO K H A C DEM KHA MANG TIEP CAN TIN DUMG CUA CAC HO Big'n giai thich va thfing s6'm6 hinh SaisfiT chu^n H^sS'tffic lifcfng Thtfng kgz Mdc y nghTa Bien gidi thich dugc quan Idm nhat Chu ho sd hilu dien thoai di dSng 2,00 0,045 0,2745 1,99 0,046 0,3147 0,62 0,532 0,2494 -2,24 0,025 0,3011 1,57 0,117 0,5742" 0,2870 - 0,5467"" 0,1965 -0,5584" Cdc bien gidi thich kiem sodt Ho c6 vien hoac ho hang, ngifcfi thiin Iam viec uy ban nhan danxa Thanh vien cua hgi lien hiep phu nff Ho dan toe Kinh Tiidng so mo hinh udc lugng ChisdBIC tif phan tich BMA Sdbien giai thich du'dc chon So quan sat -I,687e+05 327 LR chi2(4) 11,10 Prob > chi2 0,0254 Ty le di; doan chinh xac (%) He so chan cua mo Wnh 63,30 0,4719 Ghi chii: **he sdudc lugng co y nghia thong ke vdi tin cdy 95%; Chi so BIC dUOc xdc dinh lii phdn mem tho'ng ke R Mguon: Ket qua khao sat cua nhom tac gia 61 BANG 5: NHU CAU VE CAC DjCH VU TIEM NANG QUA DIEM THOAI Dl DONG Cac dich vu qua di^n thoai di dSng Ty tr«?ng (%) So'hd Thong tin vi so dir lai khoan ngiin hang 225 Mua hang tnfc luyen 119 36,39 Thanh toan hoa ddn tnfc tuyen 109 33,33 Chuyen tien qua tai khoan ngan hang 106 32,41 Cung cap Ihong tin ve cac nguon tin dung 104 31,80 65 19,87 hChong cd nhu cau 68,80 BAMG 6: MOI QUAN TAM KHI SCf DUNG DICH VU NGAM HANG QUA DIEN THOAI Dl DQMG S3'h6 Md'i quan tSm Ty trpng (%) Rill mat dien thoai 161 49,27 Rui bl lg thong tin giao dich 151 46,17 Chita bie't each thu'c sil dung 57 17,43 Thoi quen giao dich tru'c tiep tai ngan hang 40 12,23 Mu'c giao dich thap, nen khong co nhu cau 27 8,25 Ngan hang khong dang tin cay 21 6,42 Nguon Ket qua khao sat t u a nhdm tac gia nbiT: LR chi2(4), Prob > chi2, chi so BIC va ty le phan loai chinb xdc cbo tha'y, mo hinh la phu hdp di phdn tich cae yeu to anh hifdng de'n tie'p edn vo'n vay liu dai Ke't qua ifdc li/png eho thd'y, co bie'n phil hpp nhd't de giai thich cdc yg'u to' anh ht/cfng de'n tie'p can von vay ciia cac hp Do'i vdi bie'n giai thich ditpc quan tam nha't, ke't qua u'dc lu'png cho tha'y, dieu kien cdc y&'u to khac khong ddi, s6 hiJu dien thoai di dong co tac dpng tich cite de'n kha ndng tie'p can tin dung ifu dai He so'ifdc lifpng cua bie'n co gid tri difdng va co y nghia thd'ng ke vdi dp tin cay 95% Ke't qua difpc giai thich bdi thu'c te hien Ngdn hang Chinb sdch xa hpi da dp dung he thd'ng SMS banking di cung cd'p thong tin v^ cdc chifdng trinh tin dung, dieu kien va thu tue vay qua dien thoai di dpng Ke't qua ra't phii hdp vdJ cdc nghien ciJu d cde nifdc dang phdt trien ket ludn sil dung dien thoai giup eac hp tie'p can thong tin thuan ldi hdn, qua dd thuc ddy ke't nd'i cung eau tin dung va phat trien kinh te'ndng thdn {Abor va cpng sif, 2018) Dien thoai cGng giiip tdng tie'p can thdng tin thi trifdng, gia tang kie'n thiJc siJf dung vd'n de tdng dau tif, cai thien nang sua't va thu nhdp cho cdc hd gia dmh {Issahaku va cdng SLf, 2018, Duncombe, 2016) Khde vdl ky vong, ke't qua nghien ciJu cho tha'y, nhUng hd cd hp hang, ngifdi thdn cong tde tai cdc cP quan dang, chinh quyen ca'p xa, thi kha nang tie'p can tin dung se tha'p hPn so vdi nhiJng hp khde H6 so' udc lu'dng cua bie'n cd gia tri dm va ed y nghia thd'ng ke vdi dp tin eay 95% Ke't qua cd the dupc giai thich bdi thifc te la cbinli sach cho vay vdn \iu dai cua Ngdn hang chinh sach xd hdi Uu tien cho cac ho thu nhap thap, cac hd ngheo, hp khd khan vd thuoc di6n du'dc xet duyet cho vay theo quy djnh Nbifng hd cd thdnh vien hoac hp hang, ngifdi thdn edng tac tai co quan Dang, chinh quyen dia phifdng se thuan ldi hdn tie'p can thong tin vd'n vay, nhiTng khdng dam bao nhu'ng ho du'dc xet duyet cho vay He sdu'dc lu'dng eua bien dai di§n cho hp la vien cua hdi lien hiep phu nff ed he sd ifdc lifdng difdng, nhifng khdng cd y nghia thd'ng ke vdi dd tin cay 95% Trong dieu ki$n cac ye'u td' khde khong ddi, nhiftig hp la vien cua hpi hen hiep phu nff cd kha nang tie'p can tin dung eao hdn cdc hd khac Ke't qua dffdc giai thich bdi thu'c te, hdi hen hiep phu nff giff vai trd trung gian, ket nd'i giffa cac hp vdi ngudn tin dung cua ngan hang Hdi lidn hiep phu nff h6 trd ngan hang lap td vay vd'n, lifa chpn khdch hang, gidi ngdn, gidm sdt va thu hdi vo'n Giai thieh phii hpp vdi cac ke't qua nghien ciJu cua Dd Xudn Ludn va Dd Thu Dung (2018) cdc tac gia cho rdng, vien cac td chu'c chinh tri xa hpi giiip tang cffdng cdc md'i quan he xa hdi Qua do, gitip cde hp tie'p can thdng tin thi tru'dng ndng san va thi tru'dng tdi chinh d ndng thdn thudn ldi hdn _ Nhffng hp cd chu ho la dan tpc thieu sd, thi kha nang tie'p can vdi ngudn tin dung ciia Ngdn hang Chinh sach xa h6i se cao hdn so vdi cde hd ddn tgc Kinh He sd u'dc lu'dng cua bie'n dai dien cho dan tpc ciia chi ho co y nghia thd'ng ke vdl dd tin cay 95% Ke't qua dffdc giai thich bdi thuc te' ngudn vdn ffu dai tff Ngan hang Chinh sach xa hoi se dffdc ffu tien giai ngdn cho nhffng ho thu nhdp thap, ddc biet la cdc bp ddn tde thie'u so' Viec trp^cdp ffu ddi la cin thie't cac hp dan tpc thieu s6 d nffdc ta thirdng gap kho khan tiep edn ngudn vd'n cia ngan hang thffOng mai (Do Xuan Luan v a e p n g ^ , 2015) Chinh sdch tin dung ffu dai eung phan dnh nd lire ciia Chlnh pha gidm ngheo v a t h f l c d S t phat tnen binh ddng giffa cac ddn tde Nhu cau md rdng cae dich vu ngan hang qua dien thoai didSng ' "^an Bang cho thd'y nh^n i,