^ THUC TIEN - KINH N G H l l M GIAI PHAP THl/C HIEN BINH DANG GIGII VA TRAO QUYEN CHO PHU N O dVIET NAM HIEN NAY •PGS, TS NGUYEN THI BAO Vien Nhii nuac vd Phap luat Hoc vien Chinh tri qudc gia Ho ChiMinh • Torn tdt: Thuc day binh dang gidi vd trao quyen cho phu nd Id muc tieu phdn ddu eia todn nhdn logi, co Viet Nam Hien nay, ben cgnh nhdng thdnh tdu, Viet Nam vdn nhieu hgn che nen cdn phdi coquan diem vd thdc hien dong bg6 gidi phdp cd bdn: ndng cao nhdn thdc cua cdn bg vd nhdn ddn; tiep tuc hodn thien chinh sdch, phdp ludt; tdng cddng vai tro cua cdhe thong chtnh tri; tdng cddng cong tdc tra, kiem tra, gidm sdt vdxdlyvi phgm phdp ludt; tdng cddng hdp tdc quoc te, tranh thu nguon life de bdo ddm binh dang gidi vd trao quyen cho phu nd; dgng vien bdn thdn ngddi phu nSphai nd Idc vUan len, vddt qua rao cdn detiep can vd hddng thu quyen mTiikhoa: binh ddng gitJi, quyen phund, trao quyen cho phu nd, thdc hien muc tieu binh ddng gidi 1, Mot vai net thtrc trang vi binh ding giffi Trong nhimg nam qua, Viet Nam da dat va trao quyin cho phu nii hien dupe nhieu tuu quan trong bao Thuc day binh ddng gipi va trao quyen cho dam quyln cua phii nu, dupe qudc te va khu phu nu la muc tiiu phan dau cita loan nhan vue ghi nhan Nhd dd, phu nir Viet Nam da cd Ipal dd cd Viet Nam Cac nude Bdc Au cd nhieu co hdi de tilp can quyln, cdng hien vd nhilu thdnh n,m ndi bat bdo dam quyln hudng thu Tuy nhien, dudi gdc dp quyen eua phu nu; cde nude khdi ASEAN cung ngudi, Viet Nam van cdn nhieu han che dd cd nhieu nd luc nhung cung cen cd qua bap dam quyln eiia phu nd nhu; han che nhilu rdp can dpi vdi sutiep can vd huong thu till che bdp dam quyln, su van h ~ h ' quyen cua phund Dilu dd chp thay, CUPC ddu thiet che bap dam quvin-ban r.i,~ ] , , , , , ; , •-• - u u , , ' •" ™e rao can ttanh tren pham VI toan cau Vl bmh dang gioi tu chmh phu nu chua vuot m.a „i,- u , , , - , , , I, L, ^'^1 eninh minh; va trao quyen eho phu nu van eon lau dar han che thue tien bao dim *"" quyen cua L* LUAN CH(NHTR|-So 3/2019 m phu nii Tu tudng trgng nam, khinh nu edn dai d vung ndng thdn ddng bang la 40.6% dang la nguyin nhan dSn din su phan biet ddi Trong 36% giay ehiing nhan sii dung dat xu vdi phu nir; bat binh dang tudi nghi eua ngudi Kinh cd ten ca vg va chdng thi huu, tao rao can cho phu mi tilp can quyen sd d ngudi dan tge thieu sd ehi la 21%'^' tham chinh nin ty ll phu nu tham ehinh thap; Theo sd lieu tdng hgp cua 51/63 tinh, han chi tilp can vile lam nen ty le phu phd true thudc Trung uang cho thay ehi tinh niitii^tnghiep edn cao; han chi tilp can rieng nam 2016, sd vu bao luc gia dinh cd nan dich vu cham sdc siic khde nen edn ty suat td nhan la phu nir la 9733 vu'^' Tinh trang m£it vong me cdn cao so vdi mdt sd nude khu can bang gidi tinh sinh - he luy ciia nan vue; quyen binh ding hdn nhan va gia phan bilt ddi xu dang bao dpng d Viet Nam dinh chua dupe bao dam tdt, dan din tinh nam 2015, ty sd gidi tinh sinh tai nude ta la trang bao lue gia dinh doi vdi phu nir; ban chi 112,8/100 den nam 2016, ty le da tdi hudng thu cac quyen an sinh xa hdi; ban 113,4/100'^' che tilp can quyln van hda, xa hdi; dac Tir thuc trang tren cho thay, can phai cd biet la ehua quan tam dung miie den bao dam quan dilm, giai phap phu hgp nham khae quyln cua phu nii cd hoan eanh dac biet khd phue tinh trang bat binh ddng gidi dl trao khan nhu phu nu: ndng thdn, phu nir dan tde quyen cho phu nii thilu sd Quan diem va giai phap thu'c hien muc Thue tieho th^y: ty ll phu nii tham gia eSp iiy tieu binh dang gidi va trao quyen cho phu nu nhiem ky 2015 - 2020 d cap xa chi dat 19,69%; ff Viet Nam hien clip huyen chi dat 14,3%; cap tinh ehi dat Mot li, toan xa hdi can nhan thue rd binh 13,3%'" Nir dai bieu Qudc hpi Khda XIV dat 133 dang gidi va trao quyln eho phu nii Viet Nam ngiroi (ty 1126,80%)'^' nhung van cdn each kha la ylu eau khach quan cua su phat triln dat xa so vdi muctieueua Chiln lupe quoe gia ve nude Nd cung xuat phat ttr yeu cau thuc hien bmh dang gidi giai doan 2011-2020 da dat traeh nhiem ciia qudc gia vien Lien Hpp Trong tdng so 10 coquan cua Qude hdi, chi cd I qudc trude edng ddng qudc tl va khu vue Nd CO quan ed ty le lanh dao chu ehdt la nir chiem eung la mot ngi dung eua vile dua dudng Idi, 60% Chi cd 13,7% nu dai bieu tham gia giii vi trichinh sach eua Dang, phap luat cua Nha nude lanh dao chu chdt eac ea quan eiia Qudc ve binh dang gidi va trao quyln eho phu nu vao hoi va chu ylu tap tnmg vao cac ea quan van hda thue tiln ddi sdng - xa hgi, thilu ving phu mi cac co quan Hai li, can quan trilt quan dilm co ban la; Qude hgi ve kmh tl, ddi ngoai, tai chinh, phap i) Thue hien mue rieu binh dang gidi va trao luat™ Ty le phu nu tham gia dai bieu HDND quyln eho phu mi phai tren co sa nam vimg cap xa dat 26,59%; eap huyen dat 27,85%; cap quan diem cua chu nghia Mac-Lenin, tu tudng tinh dat 26,54%; nhieu tinh,tiianhphd cd ty 11 Hd Chi iVIinh va Dang Cdng san Viet Nam ve nii lanh dao, quan Iy cap xa dudi 5%, dd binh dang gidi va trao quyen eho phu nu; ii) phan ldn la caetinh,tiianhphd phia Bk'*' Thuc hiln muc tieu binh dang gidi va trao Ty le hg gia dinh cd nam gidi la ehii sd hiiu quyen cho phu nu la nham phat huy vai trd, quyln su dung dat nh^t la 74,2% tiem nang to ldn cua phu nu su nghiep LYLUAN CHfNHTRI-So 3/2019 Chii tich Quoc hoi Nguyin Thi Kim Ngdn tham du Cuoc gap mat ciia lanh dao Quoc hoi Nhom nii dgi biiu Quoc hoi Viet Nam, lanh dgo tinh Vinh Phiic vai cdc nii Dgi su nii Tnrdng ca quan dgi dien ngogi giao va cdc td chirc qudc te lgi Viet Nam niidn ngdy Qudc te phu nii 8-3-2019 _ Anh: TTXVN thuc hien ddng bd giai phap ea ban sau day - Thiie day boat dgng giao due nham nang cao nhan thiie eho eae cap lanh dao, xa hdi, gia dinh va phu ndve quyln eiia phu mi, dd ehu trgng thudng xuyen md cae Idp dao tao ve gidi, binh ding gidi va quyln eho cac ddi tugng la can bd lanh dao nu cua cae ban nganh, doan the, can bd Hdi phu nti cac cap va nhan dan Tilp tue long ghep van dl gioi va binh ding gioi, quyln eua phu nii vao chuang trinh dao tao, bdi duong can bd trung, cao cap he thdng cac trudng Dang (Hoc vien Chinh tri qudc gia Hd Chi Minh); can bd cap co sd (cac trudng ehinh tri tinh, phd true thude Trung uong va eac bg, ban nganh); trudng dao Ba li Viet Nam chi cd the dat duoc mue tieu tao can bd nganh Cdng an va Tu phapbinh ding gidi va trao quyen eho phu nii trudng dao tao can bd nganh b; ao chi, truyin ddi mdi dat nude, nang cao dia vi cua phu nu, thuc hiln binh dang gidi trin mgi linh vue; iii) Thuc hien mue tieu binh dang gidi va trao quyen cho phu nu phai gin voi xay dung nha nude phap quyen ciia nhan dan, nhan dan, vi nhan dan, phat huy dan chu xa hgi chii nghia; iv) Thuc hien muc tieu binh dSng gidi va trao quyen cho phu nu ehi ed the edng gin liin vdi viec kien quyet ehong lai tu tudng "trongnam khinh nd', phan biet ddi xii doi vdi phu mi; v) Thuc hien mue tieu binh dang gidi va trao quyen cho phu nii ddi hdi phai phat huy vai trd, trach nhiem cua ca he thdng chinh tri, eiia toan xa hdi va timg gia dinh bao dam quyln eiia phu nii LYLUANCHlNHTRj-So 3/2019 Jl thdng Dac biet, phai chu trpng long ghep van tra, kilm tra, eo quan cd tham quyen ed thi xic de binh dang gidi vdi nhimg dam bao mang djnh dugc tinh kha thi, tinh hop ly ciia chu tinh die thu ve quyln cua phu mi vao eac hoat truong, nghi quyet cua Dang, ca chi, ehinh dong kinh tl - xa hgi ciia dia phuong cae saeh eua Nha nude de dilu chinh, sira ddi, bd dot tip huan cho can bg dia phuong, gdp phan sung cho phii hgp vdi ddi hdi cua thuc tiln, nang cao kiln thiic va ky nang thirc hien eae - Tang cudng hgp tic qudc te, tranh thii biln phap thiic day binh ding gioi cho dpi ngii ngudn lue de bao dim binh ding gidi va trao cin bp lanh d^o, quan ly, giup hp cd kha nang quyen eho phu nir d Viet Nam hien Chii 16ng ghep cac ehinh sach vl gidi vao cac ting eudng hoat ddng nghiin ciiu phap chucmg trinh kinh te - xa hpi a dia phuang cd luat, thdng qua viec thudng xuyen to chuc eae hilu qui han hditiiaokhu vue va quoc tl nhimtimhilu ngi - Tilp tue hoan thien chinh sach, phap luat dung eac Cdng ude cua Liin Hgp qude hen quan vl bao dim quyen ciia phu nu: luit hda day du, true tiep va gian tilp den viec bao dam binh kip thdi cac chuan mue qudc tl vl quyen cila ding gidi va trao quyln cho phu nii, kl ci nhiing phi,i niitiongcac edng uac qudc tl Viet Nam edng ude ma eac qudc gia tham du hdi thio chua da tham gia; soat, siia ddi, bd sung cie quy tham gia, ky kit va phe chuin Day se la nhiing dinh lien quan din binh ding gidi va trao diln dan thich hgp giiip eho cie qudc gia tham quyln cho phu nG, khic phuc han che, rao can du cd dieu kien trao ddi kinh nghiem ap dung tii thi che, quan tam xiy dung thi ehe dac thu eae edng ude hoan canh va dilu kien bao dim quyln ciia phu mi ed hoan canh dac eu till cua mdi qudc gia,tiidd, mdt mat chi biet kho khan nhu phu nu ndng thdn, phu nii nhung diem can bd sung eho edng ude dl phii dan tde thilu sd theo ylu eau eua Cdng ude hgp vdi thuc tiln ddi sdng qude te; mat khae rut CEDAW dl tao eo sd phap ly cho phu mi Viet nhtmg bai hge edng tic ndi luit hda va Namtilpcin va huong quyen thue hiln cd hieu qua nhiing cdng ude - Tang cudng vai trd lanh dao ciia eae cap iiy hoan canh thue tiln cua Vilt Nam - Ban than ngudi phu nii phai nd lue vuon Dang, trich nhilm eiia eae ea quan he thdng chinh tri ve bao dam binh ding gidi va lln vupt qua rao can de tiep can va hudng thu trao quyen cho phu nu, tao su van hanh ddng quyen Trong xu the hdi nhap va phat trien bp ciia cac thilt ehi tu Trung uong den eo sd, hien phu nu Viet Nam ed nhieu eo hdi va cd Hgi Lien hiep phu mi Viet Nam eung gap nhilu thach thiic de cd thi khing - Tang eudng cong tie tra, kiem tra, dinh va phat huy vai trd cua minh Do dd, bin giam sat va xii ly vi pham phap !uat ve binh than phu mi trudc hit phii y thiic dugc day du ding gidi va trao quyen cho phu nu, dam bao vai trd ve gidi eua minh mdi cd the nim bit tinh nghiem mmh ciia phap luat, tir han chi duae nhung ea hgi, eung vdi xa hdi, hudng tdi tinhtiangvi pham quyen cua phu nir Day dupe each img xii binh ding gidi coi la giai phip quan trgng gop phan ngan De lam dugc dieu dd, phu nu can ren luyen ngiia, phit hiln va xii ly nhiing hanh vi vi pham diie tinh tu tin de cd ban linh vugt qua dinh phap luat ve binh ding gidi va trao quyen cho kiln gidi va hudng den muc tieu tu khing dinh phu nu Ddng thdi, thdng qua cdng tie minh, Phu nu phai the hien minh that su ed vai LYLUANCHlNHTRj-So 3/2019 iL THl/C TIIN - KINH NGHI|M trd eudc sdng gia dinh va ngoat xa hdi; tu ddp tap, bdi duong de bit ddp nhirng thieu hut cua ban than, de dam hao dilu kiln can va du sdn sang nhan giu trpng trach mdi Phu nu phat cd su tdn vinh ldn tranh ttnh trang niu keo giua cdn bp nu va xem that dd ung xtr ay nhu mdt each khdng dinh pham chat lanh dap cua minh Nhat thiet khpng the i lai minh la phu nir de an phan, thu thudng, eho phep bdng ldng vdi hiln tai Ke ea phu nu tri thtrc phai vupt qua dupe tdm ly an phdn, da dat dupe trinh dp nhat dinh thi tu thda man, khdng tiep tuc phan dau hpe hdi Tuc la nir tri thuc phai ludn cd y thuc cau tien, dpe lap trpng tu duy; sdng cd mue dich va ly tudng Phu nu phai phan dau hpe hdi, chu trpng ren luyen ky nang sdng, tu tin, sang tap, quyet dpan, bilt hpach dinh ke hoach, biet ddi mat vol ap luc, biet chdm sdc ban than vd gia dinh The ky XXI da vd dang dl cao vai trd cua ngudi phu nu, dilu dd ddi hdi phu nu phdi khpng ngimg hpc tap, ten luyen de ndng cao vai trd va su de cao cua xa hdi Hiln nay, phu nu ttiam gia hau het eac Hnh vue cua dot sdng xa hdi nhung phu nir cung khdng dupe phep lang quin ttdch nhiem phai Idm trdn vai ttd etia ngudi me, ngudi vp gia dinh Mdi phu ntrphai ludn cd y tiiitc tiau ddi Hi ddc Cdng - Dung - Ngdn - Hanh Phai lam trdn vat trd lam me, cd ttach nhiem nudi dudng, giao due khdn ldn tnrdng thdnh Phu nu cdn la ngudi tiiay dau tiln cua con, ddi xir binh ddng, edng bang ddi vdi cac Thuc te dd minh chung, neu phu nu nd luc dat duoc nhilu thdnh cdng cupc sdng, sir nghiep thi chinh hp da trd thdnh ngudn cd vu, dpng Men ldn eho eac cbi em gai, gai ho tiong gta dinh vd cho cdc ddng nghiep nit eo quan, dodn the de hp vting tdm, tutin phdn dau vuon len Du Dang, Nhd nude, xa hdi va gia dinh co no lire bao nhieu ma ban tiian ngudi phu ntr khong cd chi hudng vd quyet tam phan dau ren luyen thi hp khdng thS vuot len chlnh minh, khdng the vupt qua nhung rdo can de nr tin tiep can vd hudng thu quyen cua minh tren tat ea cac Unh vue chinh tri, kinh te, van hda va xa hpi Va nhu vay, gia dinh hp ludn sdng vdi vi tri tiiap kem vi phu thude ngudi chdng ve mpi mat, khdng the Id tam guong chp gai, Ngpai xd hpi, hp cam chiu thua thiet, khdng phdn ddu n i n khdng du tteu chi de tit;p can ede vi tri ceng tde tdt vd ed thu nhap cap; khdng ed tieng ndi d l bap ve ddng nghilp nu vd bao ve ehinh mmh; ddng thdi khd cd the ddng gdp nhieu cho su nghilp binh ddng gicri va trao quyln cho phu nir; cang khdng the ddng gop nhilu cho sir nghiep xdy dung va phat trien dat nude xu till hdi nhap va phat trien hien • (1) Chinh phu (2015); Bao cao quoc gia ket qua 15 nam thuc hien muc tieu thien nien ky eia VietNam (2) Hdi ddng bau cit; Bao cao tom tit Tdng ket cuoc bau dai bieu Quoc hoi khda XIV vi dai bieu Hoi aSng nhan dan cac cap nluemky 20162021, Ha Npi, 2016 (3) Dai bieu Quoc http: / / dbqh.na.go v.vn hoi khoa (4), (6) Chinh Phu ,2017); Bao cao „ec thueh/en muct^u quocgia vebinli dinggi^,,^ ,,jg " (5 T t e h i a n h i n h d d n j g , ^ , , ^ , , , ^ Nhimg buoc tien „g„,„ „ http;//genic.molisa.gov.vn (7) "Bat binh dang gia ^(,„ http:/;www.hoinongdan.org.vn LYLUAN CHiNH TRI-So 3/2019 cac ' """^ " " ' ... trao quyen cho phu nu phai gin voi xay dung nha nude phap quyen ciia nhan dan, nhan dan, vi nhan dan, phat huy dan chu xa hgi chii nghia; iv) Thuc hien muc tieu binh dSng gidi va trao quyen cho. .. bao ve ehinh mmh; ddng thdi khd cd the ddng gdp nhieu cho su nghilp binh ddng gicri va trao quyln cho phu nir; cang khdng the ddng gop nhilu cho sir nghiep xdy dung va phat trien dat nude xu till... Viet Nam hien clip huyen chi dat 14,3%; cap tinh ehi dat Mot li, toan xa hdi can nhan thue rd binh 13,3%'" Nir dai bieu Qudc hpi Khda XIV dat 133 dang gidi va trao quyln eho phu nii Viet Nam ngiroi