Thu hút và sử dụng nguồn vốn hỗ trợ phát triển chính thức của các tổ chức đa phương tại vùng dân tộc thiểu số và miền núi việt nam

Nguyen Tlij Kim Chi \v < • THL H t T \ \ S U ' D L N G NGLON VON H O T R Q PHAT TRIKN C H I ^ H T H U C CL A CAC T O CHL C DA P H U O N G TAI \ l l X i D.AN TQC THIEU SO \ A MIEN NUI VIET N A M ' PGS.TS Nguyen Thi Kim Chi Tran Manh Quy§n Truong Dai hoc Kinh te, Dai hgc Quoc gia Ha Ngi Tran Minh Hang Vien Dan toe hoc Tom tdt: Hd trg phdt trien chinh thirc (ODA) la nguon vdn cita cdc nu&c phdt triin cho cdc nudc dang phdt trien vd nu&c ngheo vay di phdt trien kinh ti, ndng cao phiic lgi thong qua cdc td chirc tdi chinh qudc ti ldn ODA cho Viet Nam gdn ba thdp niin qua co vai tro rai lan di phdt triin kinh te - xd hgi vitng ddn tgc thieu so vd mien niii Ve quy mo, von ODA cho vimg ndy ldng ddn theo cdc giai dogn nhdt la tif ndm 20! den Von ODA va vay int ddi da phuang luy ki iheo ngdnh ndng nghiep, phdt triin nong thdn, xoa doi gidm ngheo: moi irumig giao thong van tdi Id nhung linh vuc su dung nguon von vay nhiiu nhdl, bao gom cd viin trg khong hodn lgi Nguon von ndy da ho trg tdi chinh, ndng cao ndng luc vd diiu kien y ti chdm soc sue khde cgng dong phdt trien gido due, xoa ddi gidm ngheo d vimg ddn lgc thiiu so vd mien nui gop phdn thirc hiin thdng igi chlnh sdch ddn lgc ciia Ddng vd Nhd nu&c la thdi k}' Doi mdi Bdi viit de cap din thuc trgng thu hut vd sir dung ODA cua cdc i6 chirc da phuang, di mgl so gidi phdp su dung hiiu qud nguon vdn ndy lgi viing ddn lgc thiiu so vd mien niii Viet Nam Tir khoa: Vdn ho trg phdt tiiin, ODA, to chiic da phucmg, thu hul vd su dung ODA, ddn ldc thieu sd vd miin niii i'lci Wain .\'gdv nhdn bdi: 20/4/2020: ngdy giri phdn hiin: 27/4/2020; ngdy duyet ddng: 30/5/2020 Mffdau Hd trg phat trien chinh thiic (ODA - Official Development Assistance) li ngudn tii chinh cua cic nudc phat trien danh cho cac qudc gia dang phit trien v i ngheo dl phat triln kinh tl, ning cao phiic lgi x i hdi vdi lai suat 2,5%/nam, c6 thdi gian vay tir 20 din 40 nam ' Bai vi^t la k ^ qua cua dk tai "Thu Im vd su dung nguon vdn hd lra phdt Irien chinh thuc ciia N^d„ 1,^^,,^ j.^^: gidi tgi tinh Can Tha" lu?n van Thac sT kinh te quoc te - Chuong trinh djnh hircmg img dung thu^c iruang Dai hpc kinh te • Dai hgc Quic gia Ha Noi hoc vien cao hoc Tran Manh Quyen thuc hi?n Bai vi^t ct su dyng s6 lieu va du^c su ho trg cua d^ tai cap Nha nuac "Bdnh gid tdc dong hifu qud chucmg trinh du d,t u,a cdc ui chirc qudc li ihuc hien a \-iing ddn lpc ihieu so mien niii tii ndm 1990 ddn nay", ma so CTDT.40 i K ] r,.2o^ ^^ Vien Dan toe hoc chu tri TS Trin Minh Hing lam chu nhu., Tgp chi Pan tdc hgc sd'3 -2020 va cd thi an han din 10 nam ODA dugc cung cap thdng qua cic td chirc tii chinh qude le nhu Ngin hing Thi gidi (WB), Quy Tien te Qudc tl (IMF), Ngin hing Phat triln chiu A (ADB), T6 chiic Luang thyc vi Ndng nghiep eua Lien hiep qudc (FAO), T6 chiic Y tl Thi gidi (WHO), Chuang trinh Phit triln cua Lien hiep qudc (UNDP), , Nhimg nim diu thap nien 90 the ky XX, Viet Nam thoat khdi cupc khiing hoing kinh te - xi hdi trim trgng vi keo dii da tao ca hpi lot de cgng ddng tii frp qudc te ndi lai quan he hgp tie phat triln Nhd vao phat trien npi lyc la chinh vdi sy hd trp tir ben ngoii, lrong dd cd ODA, Viet Nam di dat dugc nhirng tuu dang ghi nhan cdng cupc phat triln kinh tl - xa hgi horn 30 nim thuc hien sy nghiep Ddi mdi dat nudc Thyc te niy di ciing cd niem tin dl cac quy tiln t? vi to chtic qudc te da phuang danh nhirng khoin vay tai chinh ldn giup Viet Nam tilp frie thyc hien eong cupc phat trien ben viing va hgi nhap qude te sau rpng han Tren ca sd sd heu thong ke, dii lieu bio cio tir cic co quan chuyen mdn cua Bg Ke hoach vi Diu tu, bai viel di siu phan tich thuc frang thu hiit, hieu qua sir dimg ODA cua cic td chtic da phuang d vung dan tpc thieu sd vi mien mii (DTTS&MN) nudc la lir Ddi mdi (1986) den nay, qua dd de xual mpl sd y kien ve giii phip thai gian ldi ve ITnh vye niy d viing DTTS&MN Viet Nam I Thyc trang thu hut von ODA va vay UTI dai da phtrong tai vung DTTS&MN Vung DTTS&MN ludn nlian dugc nhieu su quan tam ciia Ding va Nha nudc ta Cic chuang trinh cua Chinh phii dupe trien khai fren dien rpng vdi nhieu chinh sach mdi bd sung cho hd frg phit trien kinh te - xa hdi d khu vuc Khdng chi nhin dugc quan tam tir nudc, day ciing li dja ban thu hiil dugc nhieu sy quan lam ciia cac nhi tii trg ODA da phuang ke tir nam 1993, cac nudc vi cac td chirc qudc te ndi lai vien trg cho Viet Nam Trong sd cic nhi tai frg da phuang ODA cho Viet Nam, Ngan hing The gidi (WB) la dan vi vien frg ldn nhit tir nam 1993 den 2017 Tinh den het nam 2017, sd vdn WB tai trp len tai 27 ty USD, chiem 56% frong tdng sd ODA va vdn vay uu dii da phuomg^ cho Viet Nam, xap xi 30% tdng vdn ODA vdi 783 dy in/chucmg trinh Tiep theo li, Ngan hing Phit frien chau A (ADB) cd sd vdn ODA dau tu tai Viet Nam len tdi 16,6 ty USD, chiem ty frpng 34% tdng vdn ODA va vay uu dii da phuang, vdi quy md 694 dy an/chucmg trinh Chi rieng hai nhi lai trp da cd so chuang frinh/du an dau tu chiem den 71% tdng so chuang trinh/dy an sii dyng ngudn vdn da phuang Diing thii ba li Quy Tien le Qudc te (IMF) vdi • - \'6n ODA la von ho trg phat tnen chinh thiJC {Official Development Assistance), day la mot hinh thuc dau tu nuoc ngoai ducri dang cac khoan vay ciia cac nuoc phat trien danh cho nhimg nuoc dang phat trien voi dac diem noi bat la cac khoan cho vay thuang khong lai suSt hoac Iai suit th4p \'oi thoi gian vay dai hoac doi ggi la vien trg Muc tieu nhat ciia von ODA la phat tri^n kinh tl va nang cao phiic lgi nuoc duoc dau tu - Von vay uu dai da phuong la vien trg phat trien chinh thitc ciia mot to chiic quoc te hay to chirc khu vuc hoac ciia chinh mgt nucrc danh cho chinh phii mgt nuoc nao do, nhimg co th^ dugc thuc hien thong qua cac to chuc da phuong nhu L'NDP, IMF hoac cac khoan vien trg ciia cac to chiic tai chinh quoc te dugc chuyen tryc tiep cho ben nhiin vien tn? iVgi/ven 77ti Kim CJii cti • rniie dau tu 1,1 ty USD ehi6m t\ trpng 2.4'\, Ti^p iin la Hpi ddng chau Au (ECl "'• "^"'^ dau tu la 733 trieu USD ehi^m 1.5" o tong vdn Nhu vay, ehi rieng nha tai trcr na> t> trpng vpn dau hr da len tcri 94°o (Bi6u d6 I) Theo danh gia cua ADB, ty le trung binh 79.1°'» ^f *" dupe danh gia la cpng a Vict Nam (ADB 2015) Bleu I: Tong \ on ODA \ ii vay tru dai da phirong theo nguon t^i trp' cho Viet Nam giai doan 1993 - 2017 To chu'c [CATEGOR (CATEGOR YNAMEl Y I M A M E l ^ khac 2,4% ^mpB ilUkA |2SL6,1% li ' WB 56% ; Ngudn: Bd Ke hoach va Dau tu, nam 2018 Tu 1993 den nay, nhieu chuong frinh/dy in phat trien ca sd tang kinh le - xa hpi ciia Tmng ucmg \ a dia phucmg di dugc diu tu bing ngudn von ODA va vdn vay uu dal da phuang, gdp phan xda ddi, giim ngheo, tao mdi trudng thuan Igi cho hoat dpng dau tu, san xuat, kinh doanh vi cii thien ddi sdng ciia ngudi dan, die biet d khu vyc ndng thdn, miln nui \a vung cdn khd khan The manh, tiem nang cua nhieu dia phuang dupe tang cudng thdng qua cic dy in ket ndi vung vi vdi cic tmng tam kinh te ldn nhu TP Ha Ndi, TP Hd Chi Minh; eic thinh phd ldn nhu Da Nang, Can Tha, Hai Phdng; cic cira khiu qudc tl va cing bien, cing hing khdngfrenca nudc Tinh den nim 2017, Viet Nam da ky ket 3,8 ty USD vdn ODA va vdn vay uu dai da phuang \ dl cac nha tii frg tai cic vimg DTTS&MN vdi 588 chuang trinh/du an, tuong duang 8% tdng vdn da phuang va 28" o chuang frinh/dy in da phuang Trung binh moi nam Viet Nam ky ket khoang 152 frieu USD nam vdn ODA va vdn vay uu dii da phuong thuc hien d viing DTTS&MN Tnmg binh quy md \ on moi dy an d mire 6,5 trieu USD/du an, thip ban rat nhilu so vtji mtic trung binh 23 trieu USD/dy an cua toin bg vdn ODA da phuong Tap chi Dan l6c hoc sd3 - 2020 Biiu dd 2: Tong von ODA va vay mi dai da phirffng ky ket hang nam tai vdng DTTS&MN (dem vi: trieu USD) 400 350 249.5 ifn bbdijtil cn Ol Ol Ol CTl O O Ngudn: Bd Ke hoach va Dau tu, nim 2018 Giai doan 1993 - 2002, Viet Nam ky ket trung binh 105 trieu USD/nam cho cac chuang trinh/dy in lai vimg DTTS&MN Diem ding chii y li neu nhu giai doan 2003 2010, sd vdn da phuang fren ca nudc ky ket trung binh hing nim ling manh so vdi giai doan trudc - gap khoing hai lin, thi sd vdn ky ket Irung binh hang nim lai dia ban khong cd bien dpng qui Idn O giai doan tiep theo, quy md vdn ky kel lai dja ban DTTS&MN tang manh me - gin gip doi so vdi giai doan trudc - thu hiit 250 frieu USD/nam, diy la miic tang dang ke neu so vdi sd vdn da phuang ky ket trung binh hang nam cua ci nudc (Bieu 2) Bieu 3: Tong von ODA va vay un dai da phuomg ky ket luy ke hang nam tai vung DTTS&MN (dan vi: trieu USD) Ngudn: Bg Ke hoach va Dau tu nim 2018 Ding luu y giai doan 1993 - 2017 la ty frgng vdn ODA da phucmg, vdn vay uu dii danh cho viing DTTS&MN cdn han che Ty trpng cao nhit chi 10%/tdng vdn ODA vi vay uu dai da phuang vao nim 2002, sau dd giim din vi giim manh xudng xap xi 8% tir nim 2010 (Bilu dd 4) Nguyen Tlij Kim Chi w ; , '"J^_.'^'S Bieu 4: T\trQngvoaOD.\\ii \a\ uu dai da phumig tai viing DTTS&M"^ ""^" tong von OD.\ va von \a> uu dai da phuong giai doan 1993 - 2017 1393 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 2017 Nguon: Bg K I hoach v i Diu lu, nam 2018 Sd chuang trinh/du in ODA da phuomg fai viing cao nhat la 63 dy in/chuong trinh dupc ky kit nam 2005 rdi giam din Tuy \ u hudng chung, lugng chucmg trinh/dy an co giam xudng nhung quy md mpt dy an lai dang ting len Nam 2016, quy md trung binh mpt dy an len tdi 94 trieu USD/du in, gip 15 lan so vai miic quy md trung binh cua toan giai doan (Bieu dd 5) Bieu dd 5: So lugng d y an ODA da phuong va so von trung binh mot dif an tai viing DTTS&MN ^iJ.jjJJjTjjijXk 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 2017 • So lugng dy an \'gu6n Bp Ke hoach va Dau tu, nim 2018 Chi linh rieng hai nha tai trp von ODA da phuang chu chdt la WB va ADB, sd vdn diu tu d i chiem den 83" o tren long von dau tu giai doan 1993 - 2017 Nyoai cdn mpt sd cic nha tii frp khac nhu Quy Phal trien quoc te cua cac nudc xual khau diu md OPEC Quy Cd-oet Uy ban Chau Au, Mac dii nha lai frg Idn nhit la WB nhung quy mfi \ d n fren dy in ldn nhil li ciia Quy Phat trien ndng nghiep the gidi - IFAD, vdi quy m6 trung binhl5 frieu USD'du in Tgp chi Ddn tdc hgc sd'3 - 2020 Biiu 6: Quv mo von trung binh cua mot chuong trinti/du an ODA da phuong theo nha tai try tai vimg DTTS&MN, giai doan 1993 - 2017 (dan vi: trieu USD/dy an) QUY KUWAIT QUY PHAT TRl^N KINH Ngudn: Bp Ke hoach va Diu tu, nam 2018 Cac giai doan sii' dung von ODA va vay uu dai da phuong tai vung DTTS&MN Dya tren sd lieu ke hoach su dung ODA, vdn vay uu dai cita Bd Ke hoach vi Diu tu, danh cho dja bin vimg DTTS&MN tir 1993 den 2017, cd the phin chia cac giai doan nhusau: - Giai dogn 1993 - 2002: ODA da phuang dupc sir dung de dau tu vao 19 nhom nganh Trong do, tdng vdn ODA va vdn vay uu dai ky ket nhieu nhil lrong ITnh vyc nong nghiep va phat trien ndng thdn, xda ddi giam ngheo, dat 3,2 ty USD, gdm 238 chuang trinli/dy in, vdi quy md vdn tiung binh dat 13,4 frieu USD/du an LTnh vuc giao thong van tai sd vdn dupc diu tu len ldi 1,67 ty USD, gdm cd 120 chuang trinh/du in, quy md von tmng binh dat 13,7 trieu USD/du an Mac dii nginh tii chinh - ngan hang chi diing thu frong thu hiit ODA da phuong dat 1,6 ty USD, nhung quy md von trung binh mot chuang trinh/du an len tdi 47 trieu USD/dy an (quy md von cao gap 3.4 lan so vdi cac dy in ciia ITnh vuc dugc dau tu la ndng nghiep vi giao thdng) Nang lugng la nganh thu hut vdn ODA da phucmg dimg thii tu, vdi so vdn li 1,4 ty USD, gim 53 dy an dugc diu tu d giai doan Moi trudng ciing dugc quan tam vdi so vdn ODA va vay uu dai da phuang len tren 1,1 ty USD, gdm 89 chuang trinh/dy an Tren pham vi qudc gia nginh vira de cap fren chiem ty trgng 81% fren long vdn ODA vi vdn vay uu dai da phuang lrong giai doan Ngoai ra, mgt sd nganh khac cijng dugc quan tam nhu y te giao due, cai cich hinh chinh Tai cac dja ban khac thupc viing DTTS&MN, cic nginh/lTnh vuc dugc dau tu cd sd lugng il han, chi c6 7/19 nhdm nginh/lTnh vyc d giai doan niy, lrong dd tap trung vio \ ice xda ddi giim ngheo - phil frien nong thon vai 549,5 trieu USD, gom 86 chuang trinh/ dy in (ehiem 52% tdng vdn diu tu ODA vi vdn vay uu dai da phuang tai viing DTTS&MN) Diy li ITnh vuc dugc dac biel quan tam sd xa ngheo vi khd khan chiem ly -0 _ ^ Nguyin Thj Kun Chl Ul j i i i ^ le Idn Da sd cie dy in cho vay nhim hudng tdi myc tieu xda ddi giam ngheo, tin dyng »'^"'' ihon va da dang hda ndng nghiep uen dja ban Tiep dd li nganh giao thdng van tai chilm 18% long vdn \di sd \dn li 176frieuUSD cho 48 dy an, ndi bit vdi cic dy in nana cap tinh 16 cai tao ning eip dudng tinh \;i> d'^S giao thdng ndng thdn dudng lien \a khdi phuc ciic luyen dudng giao thdng lien tinh, Thdng qua diu m, budc diu cic dy in mudn hudng den viec tao sy lien ket phat trien kinh ll - xa hpi ddi vtii nhung xa, ban vimg sau vung xa cdn d trinh dp phat trien kinh ic - Na hpi chua cao Mdi trudng Ii ITnh vvc dugc diu tu dting thir ba, chiem ty le 12% tdng sd vdn, vdi 124 trieu USD gdm 17 dy in chii ylu la cic du an cip nudc sach hoac xay dyng nhirng he thdng cip nudc lai dja phuong cdn kho khanfrongITnh vue Tuy \ay, quy md \6n cua moi dy in giai doan cdn tuang ddi thip so vdi mirc trung binh cua ca nudc, chi 4.8 trieu USD/chucmg trinh/dy in Vi vay, cae chucmg frinli/dy in cdn kha nhd Ic phan tan va tdn kem dan tdi hieu qua chua dugc nhu mong mudn - Giai dogn 2003 - 2010: cd nhimg dieu chinh ke hoach phal trien kinh le - xa hpi d tim vT md, nen vi?c phan bo, sir dung vdn ODA vi vay mi dii da phuang cd mpt so thay doi lrong ITnh \yc diu lu Giai doan nay, cic ITnh vyc im tien sir dung vdn ODA ciia Chinh phil gdm: phal trien ndng nghiep vi ndng thon (nong nghiep, thiiy Igi, Iam nghiep, thuy san ket hgp xoi ddi, giim ngheo); xiy dyng ting kinh te theo hudng hien dai; xiy dyng ket cau lang xi hdi (y le, giio due va dio lao, dan sd vi phit trien, vi mpl sd ITnh vyc khic); bao ve mdi trudng va cac ngudn tii nguyen thien nhien; ting cudng nang lyc the che vi phat trien nguon nhan luc, chuyen giao cdng nghe, nang cao ning lyc nghien ciiu va trien khai Mpl sd nganli/lTnh vuc bj loai khoi nhdm nganh dau tu nhu ITnh vyc chinh sach, quy hoach va dao lao nginh ning lugng/nginh cdng nghiep/nganh moi trudng, giao thong van tii dudng sdng van hoa thdng tin \a hd frg ngan sich; mdt sd nganh diu tu nhu nang lugng nhiet dien, giao thdng dudng sat dugc bo sung them Vdn ODA va vdn vay uu dai da phucmg giai doan doi vdi hau het cic ITnh vyc diu tang len Trong dd dang ke la nhom ITnh vye nang lugng tdng vdn ODA va vay uu dai da phuang ting manh, len tdi 3,3 ty USDfrong8 nam, gdm 43 chucmgfrinhdy an, quy md trung binh ctia mgl dy in/chuong trinh len tdi 77 frieu USD LTnh vyc ndng nghiep va phat triln nong thdn ticp tyc dugc quan lam dau tu song ty trpng cita nginh lrong giai doan 2003 2010 da giam \udng cdn 22^, Nganh giao thong van tii da Ihu hut fren 3,15 iy USD o giai doan na\ nhung chi chiem 17% fren long vdn LTnh vyc mdi trudng, giao due va dao tao chiem 7%frentdng vdn vdi quy md trung binh moi dy in, lan lugt la 16 vi 12 trieu USD \'e tdng the vdn ODA va vdn vay uu dai da phuang tai cic vung DTTS&MN pjaj doan lir 2003 - 2010 di dupc md rpng len 11 nhdm nginh/lTnh vyc nhu phii men thi thuane mai - du hch vi da dang han viii mpt sd ITnh vuc khdng dugc phan loai khac g6m ^^ frg nang luc quan ly has cai Ihien mdi frudng dau tu, hoan thien he Uidng quin ly dit dai Do Tgp chi Ddn tdc hoc sd3 - 2020 21 vi?c md rpng cic lmh vyc dau tu nen ty frpng cua cic nginh ciing dugc phan bd dan trii han Linh vyc xda ddi giam ng^eo - phit trien ndng thdn vin chiem ty frpng chii yeu, chiem i % tren tdng via vtii tong so vdn len ttji 412 trieu USD cho 47 chuongfrinhdy in/ehu yeu la tu nha tii trg ADB Cac dy in tap trung nhieu hon den ning cao chat lupng sin pham ndng nghiep, phat trien lam nghiep de cai thien ddi sdng eiia ngudi dan vimg DTTS&MN vi eac du an diu tu phat trien thuy lgi cho ndng nghiep Mue lieu diu tu frong cac nginh ngiy cing md rpng vi pham vi lim hem, khdng chi frong mdt linh ma cdn lien tinh Giao thdng van tii va mdi tnrdng li cac ITnh vyc chiem 12% tdng vdn Cic chuang trinh dy in ldn de phil trien co sd ting giao thdng dudng bd Ddng bing sdng Ctiu Long; cai tao, ning cap mang ludi giao thdng khu vyc mien Trung Nhi tai frg chu yeu la WB vi mpl sd ddi tic khie Cac dy in mdi trudng tai mpl sd tinh rieng biet nhim cai thien mdi tmdng dd thj nhu Thanh Hda, Quing Tri va eic dy in cip nudc sach vi ve sinh moi Irudng LTnh vyc y te diing thii ba ve thu hut vdn ODA vi vay uu dai da phuang giai doan vdi tdng so vdn 97 trieu USD, tap trung vio cac dy in/chuong trinh cii thien benh vien cap huyen va cung cap djch vu cham sdc y le lai cac linh mien nui phia Bac; ho frg y te cic linh BSc Tmng Bp vi tinh Quing Tri; cham sdc sire khde nhan dan lai mgl sd tinh ngheo nhu Dik Lik, Dak Ndng, Kon Tum, Lam Ddng; giam ty Ie tir vong me va fre so sinh, chim sdc sire khoe ngudi ngheo tai eac tinh mien mii phia Bac, Tay Nguyen WB vi ADB la nha tii frg chinh ciia cie dy in d y le Giai doan 2003 - 2010 cung bit diu frien khai cic dy in/chucmg trinh ODA da phuang nhim phat triln dd thj nhu ddi mdi nang cap co sd ting dd thj, phit trien thj vira va nhd mien Trung , cd tdng vdn diu tu 92 trieu USD cho du an, quy md frung binh len tdi 30,7 trieu USD/dy in Nha lii frg la WB vi ADB phoi hgp vdi chinh phu Han Quoc vi Nhil Ban Tuy vay, quy md vdn fren dy an giai doan lai dia ban DTTS&MN lai giim xudng vi d miie tuang ddi thip so vdi mtic trung binh ciia ci nudc, chi 4,2 trieu USD/dy an, di ngupc vdi xu hudng ting len ndi chung cua vdn ODA diu tu ca nudc - Giai dogn tir ndm 2011 - 2017: cd sy thay dii dang ke cic ITnh vyc/nganh diu tu Nong nghiep va phat triln ndng thdn chi edn chiem ty frgng 17% tdng vdn ODA vi vay uu dai da phucmg, vdi sd vdn gin 3,4 ty USD, gdm 97 chuang trinh/dy in Tuy chi diing vj tri Uiti hai nhung quy mo vdn fren mgt chuong trinh/du an da ting Ien miic trung binh 35 trieu USD/dy an LTnh vyc giao thdng van tii dupc diu tu nhieu nhat, vdi sd vdn ODA va vay uu dii da phuang dat 4,6 ty USD, gdm 48 dy an, quy md von ldi 95 trieu USD/dy an ODA vi vdn vay uu dii da hd frp phat triln kit ciu ting giao thong (phan ciing), bao gdm dudng bp, dudng sal, dudng thuy, hang hii vi cing bien, hing khdng; hd frg ky thuit phit trien ning lyc the che, nguon nhan lyc vi chuyin giao cong nghe (phan mem) Nhieu cong trinh, du an trpng diem qudc gia ITnh vyc giao thong van tai sir dung ODA va vdn vay uu dai nhu Dy in dudng eao ldc Npi Bai - Lao Cai, Dy in dudng cao tdc Long Thinh - Diu Giiy, y^tiyj'n rill Kim lhi i Du an duong cap tie B^n Liic - Long Thanh, cdu \7nh Thjnh, eau Nh?t Tan nuitng ""' NhJii Tan - Npi Bai Xha ga hanh khach quic ic^ T : siin bay Npi Bai d.i hpan th.inh- di" vao khai thac, gpp phin hoan chinh hien dai hoa he th6ng ccr sd h? tdng kinh ic - M' ^^'•]nang cap sue eanh tranh cua nin kinh te nong b6i eanh hpi nhap quoc te sau rotia cua N ic'l Nam Ben eanh nhimg du an ho trp ky diuat da gop phjn dao tao dpi ngu can bp k5 ll™?' phuc vu \.i>' dung duong eao toe a \iet Nam: v iin tai du6ng bien va ducmg song; Moi trucmg dimg thil ba voi long sd v6n 3.36 ty USD dSu tu, quy mo ^ on irung binh 49 tripu USD/du an cao gSp doi so quy mp ^ in trung binh ctia eac chuong trinli/du an vay v6n ODA tren ca nuac npi chung Nlut ngudn v6n ODA va vpn vay uu dai, chuang trinh nang cap dp thi qu6c gia da dupe tric^n khai nhJm ho trp eac viing kho khan nhu D5ng being song Cim Long, mien nui phia BSc gop phk giam chenh lech giau ngheo Cac ph6 ldn, phd true thugc tinh, thi xa va mpt s6 thi Iran viing DTTS&MN deu sir dung ODA va vdn vay uu dai dd xay dimg nhimg he thdng eip nuoc sinh hpat (Du an cap nudc eho phd Lat Chau; Dir an cip nudc Song Cong d tinh Thai Nguyen ) Linh virc nang lupng chi thu hin dupe 2,4 ty USD giai doan nay, nhung quy md v6n trung binh dat tdi 154 tneu USD/dir an, cao nhat cac nganh/llnh vuc sir dung von ODA va vay uu dai da phuang Ngudn vdn ODA va vdn vay uu dai da dupe sit dung hicu qua thd hien qua su phat tnen manh me eiia nganh dien lire, gdm ngudn dien, ludi dipn truydn tai, ludi dien phan phdi, nang cap dp tin eay, an toan van hanh he thong, Cac chuong trinli/du an thue su mang lai hieu qua thiet thuc chp diu tu phat trien nganh dipn, gdp phin quan trpng tang trudng kinh te cai thien ddi sdng ngudi dan, cung nhu dong gop dang ke vao su nghiep edng nghiep hda hien dai hoa dat nudc Trong giai doan nay, vdn ODA va von vay mi dai da ho trd xiiy dimg mpt so ngudn va he thdng truyen tai, phan phdi dien quan trpng nhu cac du an dien Pha Lai, Hitm Thuan - Da Mi, Phu My, O Mon, du an dudng day truyen tai dien qudc gia, cac du an dien ndng thdn Du an dudng day 500ICV Pleiku - My Phudc - Ciiu Bdng co y nghTa to Itm viec dap img nhu cau cap bach truyen till edng suat cac nhii may dien khu virc Tay Nguyen vao he thong dien qude gia, tang cudng kha niing cung eiip dien diiy du cho khu vuc mien Nam va hinh moi lien ket ludi dien truyen tai 220KV' gitra he thdng dii;n Tay Nguyen va mien Nam Du an cap ngam I lOKV \u\cn bien Ha Tien - Phil Qudc dam bao eung cip dien on dinh cho huyen dao Phit Qude tir he thdng dien qude gia vdt kha nang truyen tai cong suit len den 131 MVA, dap img ycu eiu phat trien kmh te - xa hpi va niing eao sire canh tranh Tir dd, hudng den dua Phii Qude trd thanli dac khu kinh te quan trpng khu du ljch chit lupng cap ciia ca nudc, khu vuc va qudc lc Du iin Mu't mii\' nhiet dien Nghi Son I vdi san Iupng 3,6 ty kWh sc bao ditm eung clip dien phuc \u hoat dpng san xuat tai KJiu kinh te Nghi Son, dap img nhu ciiu phat tridn kinh lc - xii hpi cua tinh Thanh Hpa noi rieng, khu vuc Bie Trung Bp ndi chung, \Cin ODA \a xay uu dai da phuong d viing DTTS&MN eung dupc dicu chtnh vc cae ITnh vuc sir dung vdn \ a quy mo tai chinh ddi vdi cac du an/ehuong trinh Dii cit (j nhom nganh linh \iic linh vue quan ly nha nudc da bj loai khdi danh saeh dau tu, Linh vuc Tgp chi Ddn ldc hgc sd3 - 2020 ndng nghi&p vi phil trien ndng thdn vin chiem ty frgng chti yeu, chiem 45% tdng vdn, nhung ed thi Ihiy ty le niy tang len vdi sd vdn len tdi 782,9 frieu USD cho 48 chuang trinh/dy an Chu yeu la cic chuang trinh/dy an dupc tii frg bdi WB vi ADB, cic dy in lap trung nhieu han den phit trien co sd tang ndng thdn ben vung lien tinh, tiep tuc cic dy in giam ngheo theo khu vyc, pham vi cac dy an cing md rdng Phil triln thj thu hut khdng it vdn diu tu ODA da phucmg tai viing DTTS&MN, day la diem khic biet so vdi cic giai doan trudc dd Ty frpng vdn ODA vi vay uu dii da phuang eho ITnh vyc lai viing DTTS&MN di tang len miic 14%, li nginh trpng dilm dugc diu m dling thii ba vdi quy md dy in cao nhit so vdi cic nginh cdn Iai, chiem tdi 26,7 tri?u USD/dy in Hai nhi tii trg diu tu ehinh van dan diu la WB vi ADB, tieu bieu vdi dy an Phat trien cac dd thi dge hanh lang lieu viing sdng Me Kong md rpng, linh Quang Trj vdi quy md vdn len tdi 88 trieu USD; dy an Phal trien cic dd thi loai vira - TDA Lao Cai; dy in Ph^tfrientoan dien kinh te - xa hgi cic dd thi Viet Tri, Htmg Yen vi Ddng Ding - Hgp phin dy an t^l phd Vipt Tri, Phat trien toin dien kinh te - xi hpi thi Hung Yen - Viet Tri - Dong Ding - TDA Lang Son Quy md trung binh tang len 13 trieu USD/dy in, nhung quy mo niy van cdn rat thap so vdi mirc trung binh chung ciia ci nudc Nhin chung, ci giai doan 1993 - 2017, long vdn ODA vi vdn vay uu dai da phuang tai vung DTTS&MN chi dat 3,8 ty USD, chiem 8% tdng von ODA va von vay uu dai da phuang m^e dii sd dy in chiem den 29% Quy md trung binh dat 6,5 frieu USD/dy in li rit nhd so vdi mirc trung binh ci nudc (Bang 1) Bdng 1: Ty von ODA va vay uu dai da phuong ky ket theo nganh/ITnh vuc tai cac vimg DTTS&MN giai doan 1993 - 2017 STT Nganh Nong nghiep ndng thdn va xda ddi giam ngheo Mdi trudng Giao thong van tai Phat trien dd thi Yte Niing lupng Giao diic va dap tao Xahpi So von ODA va von vay iru dai da phirong ky ket (trieu USD) Ty tren tong v6n ODA va von vay im dai da phirong ky' ket theo nganh Quy mo dir an (trieu USD/du-an) 1.744,9 16,9% 9,64 528,8 528,1 334,7 291,6 183,0 143,8 34,9 2,5% 5,6% 9,2% 9,4% 5,8% 11,6% 16.2% 11,02 5,44 27,89 2,83 6,10 1,42 4,36 M^«.^ K^jgfSQ^ Xgiin'ii Till Kim Cln •