Thực hiện quyền được chăm sóc sức khỏe trong bối cảnh đại dịch COVID 19 ở việt nam

n THIiC HIEN QUYEN Dl/OC CHAM SOC SQC KHOE TRONG BOI CANH DAI DICH COVID-19 VIET NAM • TS TRAN THI HONG HANH Vi?n Quyen ngucri Hoc vi^n Chinh trf Quoc gia Ho Chi Minh • T6m tdt: Bdo ddm quyin ngiidi (QCN) Id nghia vu quan cua mdi qudc gia, d&n tdc cdng dong nhdn loai Trong boi cdnh dai dich COVID-19, quyen dUdc chdm sdc siic khde cua ngiidi ddn dd dUdc Ddng vd Nhd niidc ta quan tdm thUc hiin ifu tiin quyin diidc chdm sdc siic khoe bdi cdnh ndy ddi hoi phdi bdo dam lUdng thUc, thUc phdm, quyen dtidc khdm chUa binh song cd the phdi han che mdt so quyen khdc nhti quyin tU di lai, quyen riing tii, quyen tU hdi hop Bieu cho thay, viic hdo ddm QCN ddi hoi mdi cd nhdn phdi tdn quyen cua ngiidi khdc, bdo ddm QCN phdi gdn lien vdi viic thUc hiin trdch nhiem cita cdng dan vdi dat niidc vd trdch nhiem cua ngiidi vdi cdng dpng xd hgi • Tukhda: quyen dtidc chdm sdc sv(c khoe, quyen ngUdi, boi cdnh dai dich COVID-19 Quyen ngudi dupc chdm sdc sue khde Uu tien thyc hifn quyen cham soc sue khoe - sv lva chgn ciia Dang va Nha nadc dupc niuttongDieu 25 Tuyen ngdn phd qudt ve quyen ngirai (UDHR, 1948) "moi ngudi ed boi canh dai dich COVID-19 Cdng ude Viln va Chirong trinh hdnh ddng quyen duoc hudng mot miic sdng thich dang, du 1992 da neu rd: "Tdt cd ede quyen eon ngudi debao dam sdc khde va phuc loi cua ban than diu mang tinh phd bien, khdng thi chia cdt, va gia dinh, vd eac khia canh an, mac, d, chim phy thudc va lien quan den COng ddng sdcytevi cac dich vuxahoican thidt " sau qudc tl phai ddi xii vdi cdc QCNfrenpham \i quyin dupc cu the hdafrongnhilu Cdng toan cdu mdt each cdng bdng, vdi eung mOt udc qudc te va Tuyen bd khde nen tang va coi frgng nhu nhau"'" Mae du vgy, Quyen chdm sdc siic khde la mOt QCN quan ttong nhiing bdi canh ddc biet, cd nhiing quyen frgng, la co sd dl thyc hien nhilu QCN khac va ngirdi edn dupc uu tien thye hien va theo vile thye hien nd cung gdn Uln vdi cac quyin dd cd niOt sd quyin ngudi khac bi hgn che ngudi khac nhu quyen sdng, quyin vl luang tiiyc hien'-' thye, nha d, vile lam, gido due, bao ve ddi tu, LVLUANCHlNHTR|-So7/2020 flL THircngN - KINH NGHI£M tilp can thdng tin.„ Ngjiia vu qudc gja \igc bdo dam cdc QCN md eu thi Id quyen dupc chdm sdc siic khde dd dugc cOng ddng qudc t l khdng dinh mgt sd vdn bdn phdp Iy quan trgng Tgi Dilu va Dilu ttong "Tuyen bd vl quyin va trdch nhigm cua edc cd nhdn nhdm vd td chiic xd hOi nhdm thuc day vd bao ve cac QCN vd cdc quyin ty co bdn dugc cdng nhdn trin loan thlgidi"'^' cd niu nOi dung Nha nudc cdn phdi tgo tdt ea edc dilu MOn edn thiet cdc llnh vyc xd hOi Mnh tl, chinh tri va cdc Unh vye khdc, cting nhu cdc bdo ddm phdp ly cdn thilt d l cd thi thyc hign dupc cac quyin ngudi Quyin vl chdm sdc sue khde dugc quy dinh cy thd tgi Dilu 38 Hiln phdp Vigt Nam ndra 2013: "1 Mgi ngudi ed quyin dupc bdo vg, chdm sdc sire khde, bmh ddng ttong vigc sir dung cdc djch vy y te vd ed nghia vy thye hign cdc quy djnh vl phdng bgnh, khdm bgnh, chiia bgnh Nghiim cdm edc hdnh vi de dpa cudc sdng, sire khde cua ngudi khdc va cOng ddng" Nhd nudc ViOt Nam dd cd mOt hg thdng edc vdn bdn phdp ludt phu hpp vdi phdp luat qude t l vl quyin dupc chdm sde sue khde cua ngudi, cu Ihl Id Ludt bao vg siic khde nhdn dan ndm 1989, Ludt Khdm chiia benh ndm 2009, Ludt Bdo hilm Y t l sua ddi bd sung ndm 2014, Luat Dupe ndm 2016 Day la eo sd phap ly quan ttpng d l bdo ddm thye hien quyen chdm sdc siic khde tten thyc t l d nudc la Ben cgnh dd vigc dau tu ngudn lyc cho y t l vdn luon dugc quan tam, ngudi dan 63 tmh, ed nudc ciing tuong ddi hai long vdi cdc djch vy cdng cdn ban cd y te, va vdi 87% ngirdi ddn cd bdo hilm y te^*' Mdc du vay, khd khdn ldn nhdt cua y te Vigt Nam vdn Id ngudn lyc ddutuchoytl LYLUAN CHINHTRI-S67/2020 Tren till gidi dang phdi ddi mdt vdi n l i * ^ ^ ° " sd ddy tiidcb tiiiic ve sd ngudi chit, sd ngudi nhiim bgnh tdng Iln ttmg ngdy Den khdng cdn qudc gia ndo ed thi chii quan trudc dgi dich ndy Bdi cdnh dgi djch COVID-19 dd ddt edu hdi cho cdc qudc gia trin till gidi uu tiln quyin nao: ti/docinhin, stic khde hay kinb te? ViOt Nam, mOt qude gia vdn edn rdt nhilu khd khdn v l Mnh tl, tti bdt ddu ed tiidng tin chinh tiuic v l dieh b i n h dd ed lya chpn nhdt qudn cua mmh Khi nhilu qudc gia khdc vdn chua tiiyc sy chu y tdi sy tdc dOng cua djch bgnh, Ddng va Nhd nudc vdi quan dilm rdt rd rdng dd la bdo vg tinh mgng vd sue khde cua ngudi ddn Id nhigm vy quan ttpng nhdt thdi dilm nay, Thd ludng Chinh phu Vilt Nam dd dua khau hi|u: "Chdng dieh nhu chdng gidc", huy dOng siic mgnh cda todn bO h i thdng chinh tri vdo cuOe Quyit djnh dung ddn dd eho d i n vdn ludn dupc nhdn dan ttong nude ung hO vd tin tudng Cdc vdn bdn v l dich b i n h da Uen tyc dugc Ddng vd Nhd nudc ban hanh d l ehi dgo ddi phd vdi dieh benh'^' Tren casd nhting vdn bdn ndy, nhdm bdo vg quyin vl sue khde cua ngudi dan, nhiing biln phdp manh me da dupc Chinh phu triln khai nhu: nhanh ehdng tim ngudn b|nh, chdm sdc ngudi benh, myln tmyIn nang cao bilu biit cua ngudi dan vl dich benh nhtmg ddng thdi Id hgn c h l mOt sd quyin ca bdn khdc nhu quyin ty di lai, quyin rigng tu Han c h l quyen ty di lai, quyin ty hOi hpp, quyin rieng tu thi hiOn cu the d nhung hdnh dgngnhuylu edu cdch ly tgi cosdy tl, cdch ly tgi nhd, ylu cdu cung cdp thdng tin cd nhdn, "gidn cdch xa hdi" vdi mgt sd nhdm ddi tugng vd todn xd hOi da dugc tiiyc biOa ViOc hgn chl quygn ndy hodn loan phu hpp vdi phdp lugt qudc ig va phdp lugt ViOt Nam tiieo quy dinh tgi Khodn Dilu 14 Hiln phdp \^i|t Nam ndm 2013: "Quygj^ ^^^ M ngudi, quyin edng ddn chi ed thibi hgn chl theo quy djnh cua lugt tmdng hgp can thilt m ly qude phdng, an ninh qudc gia, ttat ty, an todn xd hdi, dgo diic xd hOi, siic khde cgng ddng" Sy lya chpn uu tien thyc hiln "quyin duoc chdm sde siic khde" ciia Ddng, Nhd nude Iiic dugc ngudi ddn nhigt tinh ung hO, dilu dd ed nghia rdng viOc hgn chl mOt sd quyin ngudi dl uu tiln thyc hiOn quyin vl siie khde la hoan todn phu hgp ttong bdi cdnh biOn tgi, ddng vdi myc tiiu md Ddng vd Nhd nude cua mOt qude gia xd hOi ehu nghia ludn hudng tdi Id "con ngudi cd cuOc sdng dm no, ty do, hgnh phuc, cd dilu M^n phdt Oiln toan diOn"'^' frd sau dilu tri dich benh thi nhiing quyit dinh Mp thdi cda Chinh phu \nit Nam nhu vgy cd y n ^ a vd cung to ldn, thill thyc frong vile bdo dam quyin vl chdm sdc siie khde cua ngudi ddn Dilu da dugc cOng ddng t h i gidi ghi nhan vdi nhting nhgn dinh tieh cyc: "Vigt Nam cho thdy cdch ban cd thi phdng chdng COVID19 vdi ngudn lyc ban chl"'*', "truyin thdng Ausfraha ca nggi nd lyc iing phd djch COVID-19 cua Vigt Nam"'*\ "tmyIn thdng Diic ddnh gid cao Vigt Nam hd frp cdc nude chau Au chdng djch COVID-19"'"" BSo dam quyen chfim sdc siic khde hodn canh ngu^n lyc kinh ti cdn han chl tnrdc dai djch COVID-19 Bgn bl qude t l ludn d$t can hdi Id tgi mOt qudc gia cdn nhilu khd khdn vl kinh tl, trinh dO y t l cting chua thyc sy eao nhu Vigt Nam, song sd ca nhiim bOnh tdng chgm, nhilu ca dupe chiia khdi hodn toan Cau ttd ldi la: Vigt Nam dd cd nhting gidi phdp phu hgp vd manh mg ttong bdi cdnh vd Id qude gia ed ttdch nhi0m vdi viOc thyc hi^n QCN Haili, huy dOng ngudn mpi ngudn lye ttong nude cho vigc phdng chdng dich COVID-19 Tdng Bi thu, Chd tich nude Nguyin Phii Trpng da Ldi klu ggi: "Toan thi dan tOe ViOt Nam ta hay cung chung siic, ddng ldng vupt qua mpi khd khdn, thdch thiie d l chiin thdng dgi dich COVID-19" Ngay cd tiidng tin vl djch bgnh, ngudn lye ddnh cho y tidtipc uu tiln Cdc chiin si, bdc si, tinh nguygn viln tuyln ddu dupe quan tam vd cd c h l dO bdo ddm Ngudn lyc Mnh t l dupc klu gpi tii cdc nhd hdo tdm, tii cOng ddng thdng qua tdng ddi thi nhdn va nhilu hinh thlic thilt thye khdc Mdf li, tiiyc hign cdc biOn phdp chdm sdc siic khde cy thi vdi cdc bign phdp ddi phd thieh hgp vdi dgi djch COVID-19 Quyin duge chdm sde siic khde dupc thyc hiOn cy till bdng vigc ngudi ddn dupc hudng ddn chdm sde siic khde d nhd, dupe cung cdp sd diln thoai edn Uen lac vl sue khde eua minh, dugc xlt nghigm miln phi tti thdi dilm rdt sdm, ttong khu edch ly ngudi dan ciing dugc dn d m i l n phi, bdo hilm xd hOi ehi ttd todn bO qud trinh dilu tri cda ngudi dan^" Trong d rdt nhilu qudc gia cd tiim lye Mnh t l mgnh, cd he thdng y t l tdt va phdc lgi xd hOi eao hon ViOt Nam, ngudi dan vdn vd cung lo ldng ve nhting khoan cd t h i phdi chi Ngudn gde Uch sii cua QCN gdn Uln vdi tinh nhan dgo, nhdn vdn va gid tri cdt ldi eua QCN chinh la raang den tinh ylu thuong gitra ngudi vdi ngudi, tae ddng din suy nghi cua nhan loai vl sy tdn ttgng va yeu thuong ldn Tinh nhdn dao va ldng yeu nudc, thirong ndi cua ngudi Viet Nam mOl lan niia Iai dugc thdp lira, vdi rat nhieu hinh dnh dgp cua nhiing ba me Viet Nam anh htmg quyen gdp gao, tiln, may khau ttang; nhiing cau be, cd bl dang d dO tudi tiiu hge ciing gui tiln tilt Mem cda minh tdng chien tuyln chdng dieh; doanh nghigp, doanh nhan sdn sanghy suih lpi ich dl giup mgi ngudi; ede bae si dd nghi huu sdn sang chiin LY LUANCHlNH TRI-5^7/2020 EL THI/CniN-KINHNGHieM tuyln chdng djch du bill rdng dg tudi cda minh nhay cdm vdi COVID-19 Khdp cdc dia phuang fren ed nudc xudt hien nhirng biia com, phan qua, khau trang miln phi ATM gao niddng'"', nhting siiu tiii ddng"^' Dd bilu hign tinh cua tinh ngudi, la gid tri ngudi, la tinh nhdn dgo cao cd vdn cd eua eon ngudi Viet Nam Bdn li, thyc hign ddng bd quyin dugc chdm sdc siie khde vdi quyin vl Iuong thyc, thye pham, bdo dam an sinh xd hOi va quyen tilp can thdng tin vd thye hign mOt sd gidi phdp can bdng vdi quyin vl Mnh te Vigc nang cao nhan thiic cda ngudi ddn vl Min thue y tl, quyin va trach nhigm cdng dan vd quyin tilp cgn thdng tin ve dich benh dugc bao ddm Ngay tti dich bgnh xudt hien, edc phuong tign tmyIn thdng eua nhd nudc da Uln tyc cgp nhgt thdng tin dudi cdc hinh thiie khde Ngay 19-2-2020, BO Y t l dd ban hanh Quyit dinh 46a/QD-BYrve vile ban hanh hudng ddn phdng va Mem sodt lay nhiim benh viem dudng hd hdp cdp vi nil corona 2019 (COVID19) ttong cdc CO sd khdm benh, chiia bgnh Nhilu bdi bai bdo cd tinh khoa hgc cao den ede bai hdt cd tinh tiayln truyin hap ddn va d l hiiu vdi ngudi dan, vdi "Vu dilu nia tay" den thdng digp "Viet Nam khdng bd lgi phia sau", da ttd lhanh trao luu cda the gidi"^' Cdc mgng xa hOi quen thuOc, iing dung tten dien thoai thdng mmh nhu NCOVI, Ha NOi Smart City da dupc sii dyng d l Mp thdi thye hiln quyen tiep can thdng tin cua ngudi dan khd khdn eho doanh nghiOp dd dugc d$t ttong dich binh chii khdng phai dgi din sau djch binh kel tiiue cting dupc Chinh phu ddt ra"^' tgi Chi tiii 11 4-3-2020 Nim ia, tmh tiian ttdch nhigm cao ctia Cliinh phu vdi viee thyc hiln quyin chdm sdc siic khoe ttong bdi cdnh dgi dich COVID-19 d frong nudc va qudc tl Nhung quyit dinh sdng sudt, tinh chiu frdch nhiem cd nhdn cao cda cdc nhd lanh dgo dugc till hign, edc cugc hgp khan frong dem, edc cugc hgp tnrc tuyln d nhilu dia phirong dupc thyc hign nhanh va hieu qud Tinh than "dl bdt biln, ung vgn biln" cda Chu tich Hd Chi Minh dugc van dyng sdng tgo, vigc ngdn chdn, phdt hign, tmy vit each ly, khoanh vtmg, dap dich la chiin lupe dugc Men dinh thye hign Nhiing hinh dnh nhiing chiin si bd ddi ngu ldn, ndm rtmg nhudng chd cho ddng bao hi cdch Iy nhilu thdng, cae chiin si cdng an vdt va phuc vu ba vtmg dich, nhiing nien tinh nguyin ngu ben via he, bd tudng; nhirng bac si, nhan vien y t l lam viec 12-15 tiing Id nhiing hinh anh quen thude frong thdi gian qua d Viet Nam, tao nin sy nggc nhiln vakham phuc vdi ban be qudc tl Trach nhiem vdi viec bdo vO QCN ma cy till d day la quyen ve siic khde ciaa ngudi dan dupe t h i hiln eu thi va nhigt huylt nhuvgy frong todn bp he thdng chinh tri Ben canh dd, Viit Nam ludn xac dinh, chdng dgi dich COVID-19 ddi hdi linh cOng ddng nhdn logi Thdng diep da dupc Thu tucmg Nguyin Giai phdp ve bao dam an sinh xa hdi cho Xuan Phuc giii din HOi nghi tryc tuyen cdc Bd ngudi dan dupc thuc hien Thu tudng Chinh phd tnrdng Y te khu vyc Tdy Thdi Binh Duong vdi dd yeu cau xay dyng nhanh nghi quyit vl gdi hd chu dl "Dodn kit ehdng COVID-19" Viet Nam ttgve an sinh xa hOi vdi tinh thdn "khdng bi da ehia se bdng tdt cd nhflng ^ minh cd ttr ngudn bd lai phia sau" tai Nghi quyit 42 9-4-2020 lyc cdn ban chl: trao thilt hi y te giOp Ld^ \'e cdc bign phap hd ttgngudi dan gdp khd khdn Campuchia chdng dich COVID-l9"5j^ ^^ ^^^ dgi dieh COVID-19 Ben canh dd, viec thao go nghin khau frang y t l eho cdc nuoc Ph^p, Oiir LY LUANCHlNH TRI-So 7/2020 m thdng tin ed nhan eua ngudi khde lam dnh hudng tdi ty va cae gid tri nhdn quyin khdc Trong cae ca nhiim COVID-19 dupc ddt ten theo sd thi Ban danh sdch cua cac benh nhan benh vien Bach Mai bi cOng ddng mang chia se vdi ede Mgt so bM hgc kinh nghifm tu- vifc thyc thdng tin cd nhan nhu ten, tudi, dia chi, sd dien hifn quyen diryc cham soc siic khoe dai thoai va tinh trang benh tat eua hp Dd chinh la hanh vi vi phgm phdp ludt, vi phgm quyen rieng djch COVID-19 d Vift Nara Mdtli, nang cao y thuc cua ngudi dan tu vdi mdt ttong nhiing thdng tm nhay cam nhat la tinh ttgng benh tdt Tinh ttgng cdc thdng tin sai d^i djch Chinh quyin chi ed thi hogt dOng hiiu qua lech dupc dua len mang xd hOi gay sy hoang cd sy hop tdc cda ngudi dan Mdc dti vay, mang ttong cOng ddng vdi hang ttdm Uiidng hpp khdng phdi bdt cii ngirdi dan nao eung ed y thirc da bj xu phat'"" Viec xuphat nghiim minh ttong ttong vigc thyc hi|n quyin ciia mmh va tdn thdi dilm la het siic can tiiilt d l bdo vl sue khde cOng ddng Dilu dd khdng h i mdu thudn ttpng quyin cua ngudi khde Ylu eau eua vi^c phdng chdng dich bgnh ddi vdi viec bao vl quyen rieng tu va ty ngdn luan hdi vigc tiiyc hiln quyin tilp cgn thdng tin cua cua cdng dan, bdi le ttong nhirng tiudng hpp vi mpi ngudi, ttong dd cd nhiing thdng tm vl dich stic khde cua cpng ddng- luc la dal dieh nguy bOnh cdn dtrpc ehinh phu cung cap tiiudng hilm cdp loan cau thi quyin riing tu va ty xuyIn, Uen tyc vd minh bach, bin canh dd nhiing ngdn ludn la nhiing quyin ed thi bj han che, va ngudi cd thi la benh nhan hodc ngudi ed nguy co dugc quy dinh rd ttong phdp luat cao nhiim COVID-19 cdn phdi cung cdp thdng tin Haili, tiep tue thio gdap luc kinh te viquan cd nhdn va lieh trinh di chuyen cua ban than cho tim thuc hien an sinh xa bdi nha chiicttdch.VI phia Chinh phu, vile eung cdp Dgi dich COVID-19 da gay nhting dnh tiidng tin ve dich benh da dupe thyc hign mOt hirdng to ldn vl Mnh te khdng cho rieng qudc gia cdch minh bgch, cdng khai, cap nhat theo ngay, ndo Vdi nhirng quoc gia cd nin Mnh te md nhu thgm ehi tiieo gid Dgi da sd edng dan diu thyc Viet Nam, viec ddng ciia khau, dung cac chuyen hiln tdt nghia vy cua minh Tuy nhien, ttong thdi bay da mang den nhiing khd khdn khdng he nhd gian chdng dich tilp theo can ylu cdu ngudi dan Sy danh ddi ^tia tinh mang, siic khde va tiln bgc; ndng cao y thire cdng dan vd ttdch nhiem cdng giiia quyen sdng, quyen "dugc hudng mOt tieu ddng hon niia Rdt nhieu ngudi ttong cdng ddng chuan siic khde ve the chat va tinh than d miic da Iln dn nhiing cd nhdn khai bdo gian ddi, khdng eao nhat ed tiie duge" va cdc quyin ve Mnh te tnmg thyc vl lieh trinh di lai cua ngudi da biet hon lue ndo hit da ttd nin that sy ro ret, nd ddi minh nhiim bgnh Dilu dd ed nghia la mgi ngudi hdi Nha nude phai cd nhirng quyet dinh dung hiiu dugc viee ban chl quyin riing tu, quyen ty ddn ve chien luoc phat trien Mnh tl, ve chien lupc di lgi Id cdn tiiilt ttong bdi canh xuat nhap khau, ve tiidi diem ket tiiuc each ly xa Song, ttong mOt gdc nhm khde, nhilu ngudi lgi hOi de cd the can bang lgi ich cua ngudi dan Y Tdy Ban Nha vd Anh"^', frao qua tti gid 50.000 USD hd ttg Myanmar"" dd Id nhiing hanh dOng nhd, song ehinh Id sy ehia se thilt thyc vdi vigc ddm bao quyin chdm sde siic khde ttong cOng ddng nhdn logi igm dyng quyin tiep can thdng tin, lam dung quyen ty ngdn luan cua ngudi d l md xe Nhiing viec lam thiel thyc ddi vdi ddi sdng cua nhdm ngudi lao dOng ngheo nhu nhiing ngudi LYLUAN CHfNHTRI-5o7/2020 m^ T H U C T I E N - KINH N G H I C M bin vl sfi d i dupc tiiin khai lit sfim, Thii nifing TTg ngiy 30-1-2020; Chi til) U/CT-TTg n^l*'^' Chinh phu ciing d i ky quyit djnh d l thyc hi|n 2020; Chitil)sfi 15/CT-TTg ngiy 27-3-2020; Chl till gfii hfi tigr 62 nghin ty dfing dfii vfii eie nhfim dfii sfi 16/Cr-Trgngiy31-3-2020 ni