'Xidjii diptg fJuifi, lu4l S6 (340) - 2020 BAOflAm CHU QUYEN NHAN DAN THING QUA CO CHE BAD VE HIEN PHAP A VIET NAM • • • PGS.TS T A O TH! QUYfeN ' Tdm tat: Bdi viet ndy phdn tich vd dua mgt so gidi phdp ve ddm bdo chd quyen nhdn ddn thong qua hogt dgng bdo vf Hien phdp Abstract: This article analyzes and gives •tome solutions to ensure people's sovereignty through the protection ofthe Constitution Bao dam chu quyen nhan dan - myc tieu Cff ban cua hoat dgng bao v^ Hien phap Xet ve ban chat, quyen lyc nha nircrc la quyen lyc nhan dan uy thac cho Nha nuoc Bai v^y, dong thai, la mgt van ban cua nhan dan, the hien ro nhat chu quyen toi cao cua nhan dan; y chi, lgi ich chung ciia nhan dan duge the hi?n toan bg noi dung ciia Hien phap hau het cac the che dan chii tren the giai Hoat dgng bao ve Hien phap c6 y nghta chinh hi?n nay, Hien phap deu khang dmh quyen hfc tri phap ly dac bi?t, boi le, Hien phap la ban van nha nircfc thuoc ve nhan dan Dong thai, quan xac dinh che chinh trj ciia quoc gia, chua dyng ni?m ve Hien phap theo ly thuyet Luat Hien phap quy pham dieu chinh nhung quan he xa hgi chii hi?n d^i deu cho rang, Hien phap khong chi la dao d^o va quan trgng nhat ciia quoc gia, dong thoi, luat toi cao cita Nha nuoc ma la van ban ciia nhan Hien phap ghi nh^n va the hi?n nhiing gia tri xa dan, the hi?n chu quyen toi cao cua nhan dan hgi tot dep nhat duge toan xa hgi huong tai Nhu Thong qua viec lap Hien phap, nhan dan xac vay, bao ve Hien phap chinh la bao ve chu quyen dinh pham vi quyen luc trao cho Nha nuac ciia nhan dan, bao ve nen tang phap ly ciia Nha C.Mac da khing dinh: "Chii quyin cita nhan dan nutjc va nhirng gia tri trucmg ton, cao quy nhat khong phai la cai phat sinh tu chu quyen cua nha xa hgi, thong qua bao dam su phat trien vua, ma ngugc lai, chit quyen ciia nha vua dua va thinh vugng ctia dat nuoc Bao ve Hien phap tren chii quy^n nhan dan"' Trong cuon Luat Hien duoc hieu la tong hgp cac hoat dgng duge tien phap va chinh trj hoc, GS Nguyen Van Bong cho hanh bai cac ca quan ma Hien phap quy djnh r^ng, quydn lap hien la quyen nguyen thiiy vi the nhiem vu, quyen han nham bao dam si/ ton trgng hien rngt each toan di?n nhat chti quyen quoc gia, va thi hanh Hien phap, ngan ngira va xu ly mgi vi quyin lap hiln la quoc gia tu an hanh vi vi pham Hien phap Thong thucmg, ngi dinh cho minh quy xiz to chiic va dieu hanh- dung bao ve Hien phap bao gom: Giam sat tinh Nhu vay, co thi khing dinh, Hiln phap la dao hgp hien ciia cac van ban quy pham phap luat va luat CO higu lire phap ly cao nhat ciia Nha nuac, dieu uac quoc te ma quoc gia ky ket hoac gia Ddn chLi & Phdp lu$t I CONTENTS UtWHUKMS • TAO THI QUYEN - Ensuring people's sovereignty through the constitutional protection mechanism in Vietnam • VU THI LAN ANH - Experience in university administration in some countries and suggestions to further completion of the law on university administration in Vietnam DEMOCRACY AND LAW MONTHLY REVIEW OF MINISTRY OF JUSTICE No.7 (340) July 2020 • EDITOR IN CHIEF: LL.D DANG VU HUAN Tel: (024) 62739731 • DEPUTY - EDITOR IN CHIEF: LL.M TRAN HOANG HUNG Tel: (024) 62739733 LL.D VU HOAI NAM Tel: (024) 62739732 • EDITORIAL BOARD Tel: (024) 62739735 • SECRETARIAT Tel: (024) 62739736 • PUBLISHING DIVISION Tel: (024) 62739737 • DOAN VAN BINH-Anumber of theoretical issues on the tourism real estate business and the need of law adjustment • DINH CONG TUAN & DOAN NHAT UNH Experience in evaluating public sector performance in South Korea and some suggestions for Vietnam UW UNO EMNOMII» • TRAN THI DIEU HUONG - Control policies of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development on tax evasion activities of multinational companies • NGUYEN THI DIEM ANH - Current practice of organization and operation of social enterprises in Vietnam lAW • OFFICE OF THE EDITORIAL BOARD: " ^ Floor, C Building, Justice Academy, Tran Vy, Mai Dich, Cau Giay, Ha Noi • PRESS LICENCE: No ; G P - B T T T T • • • • ISSN: 9866-7535 FAX: (024) 62739750 E-MAIL: tcdcpl@nioj.gov.vn PRINTED BY SONG LAM TRADING AND PRINTING COMPANY LIMITED • Distributed in Central Press Publishing Company and Editorial Office • Price: 15.000 VND I Ddn chCi & Plidp lu^t • CHU THI HOA Organization implementation in Vietnam today of law 40 • NGUYEN THI THU THUY - Implementation of the law on gender equality and the prevention and fghting against gender-based violence 45 • BUI NGUYEN PHUONG LE - Provisions on conditions of land use right seizure and application practice 51 • NGUYEN THI PHUGNG Getting married when either one party or both parties lose the ability 56 of awareness, behavior control and solutions • NGUYEN DANG PHU - Smuggling situation in the Southeast Domain and solutions 60 S6 (340) QdAii ditng pkifiUM - 2020 BAOBAM CHU QUYEN NHAN DAN THONG QUA C CHE BAD VE HIEN PHAP A VIET NAM • PGS.TS TAO THI QUY£N * Tdm tdt: Bdi viet ndy phdn tich vd dua mgt so gidi phdp ve ddm bdo chit quyen nhdn ddn thong qua hogt dgng bdo ve Hien phdp Abstract: This article analyzes and gives some solutions lo ensure people's sovereignty through the protection ofthe Constitution Bao dam chu quy^n nhan dan - muc tieu CO* ban cua hoat dQng bao v^ Hien phap Xet ve ban chat, quyen lire nha nuoc la quyen lyc nhan dan uy thac cho Nha nuac Boi vay, dong thai, la mpt van ban ciia nhan dan, the hien ro nhat chit quyen toi cao cua nhan dan; y chi, lpi ich chung cita nhan dan dupc the hi?n toan bp npi dung ciia Hien phap hau het cac the che dan chii tren the giiM Hoat dpng bao ve Hien phap c6 y nghia chinh hi$n nay, Hien phap deu khang dinh quyen luc tri phap ly dac biet, boi le, Hien phap la ban van nha nuoc thupc ve nhan dan Dong thoi, quan xac dinh che dp chinh trj cua quoc gia, chua di^g ni?m ve Hien phap theo ly thuyet Luat Hien phap quy ph^m dieu chinh nhirng quan h$ xa hpi chu hien d^i deu cho rang, Hien phap khong chi la dao dao va quan trpng nhat ciia quoc gia, dong thai, luat toi cao cua Nha nuac ma la van ban ciia nhan Hi§n phap ghi nhan va the hien nhung gia tri xa dan, the hien chu quyen toi cao ciia nhan dan hpi t6t dep nhat dupc toan xa hpi huong toi Nhu Thong qua viec lap Hien phap, nhan dan xac vay, bao ve Hien phap chinh la bao ve chii quyen dinh pham vi quyen lyc trao cho Nha nuac ciia nhan dan, bao ve nen tang phap ly ciia Nha C.Mac da khang dinh: "Chii quyen cua nhan dan nuoc va nhiing gia tri truang ton, cao quy nhat khong phai la cai phat sinh tu chu quyen cua nha xa hpi, thong qua bao dam su phat trien vua, ma ngugc lgi, chu quyen ctia nha vua dua va thinh vuong cua dat nuoc Bao ve Hien phap tren chu quyen nhan dan"' Trong cuon Luat Hien dupc hi^u la t6ng hpp cac boat dpng duac tien phap va chinh tri hpc, GS Nguyin Van Bong cho hanh biji cac co quan ma Hien phap quy djnh rang, quyen lap hien la quyen nguyen thuy vi the nhiem vu, quyen han nham bao dam sy ton trpng hi$n mpt each toan dien nhat chii quyen quoc gia, va thi hanh Hiln phap, ngan ngira va xii ly mpi vi quyen lap hien la quoc gia tu an hanh vi vi pham Hien phap Thong thuang, npi djnh cho minh quy tac to chuc va dieu hanh^ dung bao ve Hiln phap bao g6m: Giam sat tinh Nhu v?.y, CO the khSng dinh, Hi^n phap la dao luat cd hieu lire phap ly cao nhSt cua Nha nuoc hap hiln ciia cac van ban quy pham phap luat va dieu uoc quoc te ma quoc gia ky ket hoac gia Ddn chCi & Phdp ludt I 'XiAg di^ng.fikdfi.luM S6 (340) - 2020 nhap; giai thich Hien phap; giai quyet khieu ki?n Nam xay di^g, thi hanh va bao v? Hien phap vi hien (trong co ca khieu ki?n lien quan din vi muc tieu dan giau, nuac m^nh dan chii, cong hanh vi vi pham quyen va tu hien dinh ciia bang, van minh" Dieu va Dieu Hien phap quy cong dan); xem xet tinh hpp hien ciia cac cupc djnh: "Nuoc Cpng hoa xa hpi chu nghia \\c\ Nam bau cu va tnmg cau y dan Cac npi dung neu nhan dan lam chu; tat ca quyen ly:c nha nucrc tren, a nhung miic dp khac nhau, mpt each tr^c thugc ve nhan dan " va "Nha nuoc bao dam va tiep hay gian tiep, npi dung nao ciing nham huang phat huy quyen lam chu ciia nhan dan " Ve tai bao dam chii quyen nhan dan da dupc quy phucmg thuc thyc hipn quyen lyc cua nhan dan dinh Hien phap Noi each khac, bao dam Dieu Hien phap quy djnh: "Nhan dan thyc hi?n chii quyen nhan dan vira la npi dung co ban, thiet quyen lyc nha nuoc bang dan chu tryc tiep bang yeu nhat, vira la muc tieu bao tnim cua boat dpng dan chu d^i di?n thong qua Quoc hpi, Hpi dong bao V? Hien phap nhan dan vk thong qua cac ca quan khac ciia Nha Cho den nay, viec thiet l^p ca che bao v? Hien nucrc" Dong thai, Hien phap nam 2013 ciing quy phap, mo hinh, phuang thiic bao vp Hien phap a djnh mpt so quyen cy the cua cong dan Vi?t Nam cac quoc gia tren the gioi rat da dang va phong Vi dy: Quyen bau cir, iing cir (Dieu 27); Quyen phii Co quoc gia thiet lap ca quan bao vp Hien tham gia quan ly nha nuac va xa hpi (Dieu 28); phap chuyen trach (Toa an Hien phap, Hpi dong Quyen bieu quyet Nha nuac to chuc trung cau Hien phap ); co quoc gia theo mo hinh bao hien y dan (Dieu 29); Quyen khien n^i, to cao (Dieu phi tSp trung {nhieu Toa an co chiic nang bao v? 30): Quyen bai nhiem dai bieu Quoc hpi, dgi bieu Hien phap); c6 quoc gia bao ve Hien phap thong Hpi dong nhan dan (Dieu 7); Quyen giam sat hoat qua duang tu phap; co quoc gia bao v? Hien dpng cua bp may nha nuoc (khoan Dieu 8) phap chii yeu bang cac thiet che chinh tri Tuy Day la cac quyen dan chii ve chinh tri dupc thyc nhien, a hau bet cac quoc gia, nhiem vu bao hien hien tryc tiep bai cong dan Vi$t Nam luon luon chiia dung npi dung xem xet va xir ly u mirc dp nhat dinh, Hien phap nam 2013 da nhung van ban va hanh vi vi pham Hien phap, vi de cap den viec bao ve chii quyen nhan dan thong pham chu quyen nhan dan qua hoat dpng bao vp Hien phip Khoan Dieu Quy dinh ve chii quyen nhan dan 119 Hien phap quy dinh: "Quoc hpi, cac co quan Hiln phap va vi^c bao dam chu quyen nhan cua Quoc hpi, Chii tich nuoc, Chinh phu, Toa an dan thong qua cc che bao ve Hien phap a \'i^t nhan dan, Vien kiem sat nhan dan, cac ca quan Nam 2.1 Quy djnh ve chti quyen nhdn ddn Hiin phdp hifn hanh d Vi^t Nam khac ciia Nha nuoc va toan the nhan dan co trach nhiem bao ve Hien phap Co che bao ve Hiln phap luat dinh" Hien phap cung quy dinh CJ Viet Nam, Hien phap hien hanh da khang tham quyen ciia Quoc hpi, Uy ban Thuong vu dinh chu quyen nhan dan va mpt so phuong thiic Quoc hpi viec giam sat vipc thi hanh Hiln de nhan dan thuc hi?n quyen lire ciia minh Lai phap va giam sat tinh hpp hien cua van ban quy noi diu Hiln phap nam 2013 viet: "Nhan dan Viet pham phap luat (khoan 10 Dieu 70; khoan Dilu I Ddn chCi & Phdp lu^t 9[j&^ diitig, fduip, U»4l 74; khoan Dieu 74); quy dinh tham quyin cua S6 (340)- 2020 ve xem xet tinh hap hien ciia van ban da co hi?u Thii tu6ng Chinh phii viec dinh chi, bai bo lyc Quoc hpi ban hanh; quy djnh \ e giai thich cac van ban trai Hien phap (khoan Dilu 98) Hien phap sa sai Quy trinh, thu tuc giam sat Ve quyen lap hien va sita doi Hiln phap, Hiln tinh hpp hien cua van ban quy pham phap luat va phap nam 2013 quy djnh: Quoc hpi thyc hien hanh vi ciia ca quan, ca nhan Hien phap trao quyin lap hiln (Dilu 69); Qudc hpi lam Hiln quyen chua cu the Chang hgn, phap luat chua xac phap va siia doi Hien phap (khoan Dilu 70); djnh ro each giai quyet co y kien khac truong hpp lam Hien phap, siia d6i Hiln phap giua Uy ban Phap lugt cua Quoc hpi voi co quan phai dirpc it nhat hai phan ba tong so dai bieu trinh dy an \ e tinh hpp hien ciia dy an luat, nghj Quoc hpi bieu quyet tan (khoan Dilu 85) quyet, phap Ienh hoac y kien khac giua Bp Dieu 120 Hien phap quy dinh trinh ty sira d6i Tu phap voi co quan chu tri soan thao ve tinh hop Hiln phap, thSm quyin quylt djnh vl Hiln phap, hien cua dy an lugt, phap Ipnh, dy thao nghj quyet n-ong CO quy dinh viec tnmg cau y dan vl Hiln Chinh phu trinh : phap Quoc hpi quyet djnh Ba Id, cho den nay, Hien phap chua xac djnh Tir nhiing quy djnh neu tren, co the thiy, viec ro hieu lyc tryc tiep ciia mpt so quy djnh the hi?n ve chu quyen nhan dan, quyen lap hien, Hien phap, nen chua co co so phap ly ro rang cho quy trinh sua doi Hien phap Hien phap nam vipc phan quyet ve hanh vi vi hien khong hanh 2013 da CO buac tien bp vupt bac so voi Hien dpng Cac phucmg thiic bao vp Hien phap dan phap nam 1992 Tuy nhien, co che bao ve Hien trai, chii yeu la cac bipn phap mang tinh chinh trj, phap hipn hanh o Vipt Nam ton tai mpt so bat chi CO gia trj tu van, khuyen nghi, hieu lyc phap cap sau day: ly khong cao Mot Id, CO nhieu thiet che (Quoc hpi, Uy ban Vi vgy, tac gia dong y viii nhgn dinh cita TS Thucmg vu Quoc hpi va Thu tuang Chinh phu ) Biii Ngoc Scm ve co che bao ve Hien phap cua CO tham quyen bao ve Hien phap thong qua boat Viet Nam rang; "Viet Nam van chua co mpt ca quan chuyen kiem tra tinh hpp hien ciia quyen lyc dpng xem xet viec thi hanh Hien phap, xem xet tinh hpp hien cua van ban quy pham phap luat, giai nha nuoc noi chung va quyen lap phap ciia Quoc thich Hien phap Nhu vay, thiet che mang tinh phi hpi noi rieng, die la chua co mpt che dp bao hien tap trung va khong chuyen trach, tham quyen bao hoan chinh"^ Nhgn dinh dupc dua tii ve Hien phap dupc giao cho nhieu co quan khac 2003, nhung den nay, Hien phap nam 2013 da thyc hipn nhung chua duac phan dinh ro CO hieu lyc duoc 06 nam van hoan toan chinh xac rang Hai Id, mpt so npi dung bao ve Hien phap da dupc Hien phap quy dinh, nhung ca co phap ly de 2.2 Mgt so hgn che vifc bdo ddm chu quyin nhan ddn thong qua hogt dpng bdo vf Hiin phdp & Viet Nam thyc hien nhiing npi dung chua day dii, chua - Quoc hgi da giam sat viec thi hanh Hien cy the, chiia dyng mau thuan, chong cheo phap, lugt ciia cac co quan nhit nutJC, yeu cau cac hoac khuyet thieu, bat cap Vi du; Thieu quy djnh CO quan ban hanh van ban trien khai thi hanh Ddn chu & Phdp lu$t I (^idy difing.fikdfi.UiM S6 (340) - 2020 nhap; giai thich Hien phap; giai quyet khieu kipn Nam xay dyng, thi hanh va bao \ c Hien phap vi hien (trong c6 ca khieu kipn lien quan din vi myc tieu dan giau, nuac mgnh, dan chu cong hanh vi vi pham quyen va ty hien djnh ciia bang, van minh" Dieu va Dieu Hien phap quy cong dan); xem xet tinh hgp hien cita cac cugc djnh: "Nuoc Cgng hoa xa hpi chii nghia N'iei Nam bau cii va trung can y dan Cac ngi dung neu nhan dan lam chii; tat ca quyen lyc nha nuoc tren, a nhiing miic dg khac nhau, mpt each tryc thupc ve nhan dan " va "Nha nude bao dam va tiep hay gian tiep, npi dung nao ciing nham huang phat huy quyen lam chii ciia nhan dan " Ve tai bao dam chii quyen nhan dan da duge quy phuang thiic thyc hien quyen lyc ciia nhan dan, djnh Hien phap Noi each khac, bao dam Dieu Hien phap quy djnh: "Nhan dan thyc hi?n chu quyen nhan dan vira la ngi dung co ban, thiet quyen lyc nha nuoc bang dan chu tryc tiep, bang yeu nhat, vira la muc tieu bao tnim cua hoat dgng dan chu dai dipn thong qua Quoc hpi, Hgi dong bao vp Hien phap nhan dan v^ thong qua cac ca quan khac ciia Nha Cho den nay, vipc thiet lap co chc bao vp Hien nuoc" Dong thai, Hien phdp nam 2013 cung quy phap, mo hinh, phuang thiic bao ve Hien phap djnh mpt so quyen cy the cita cong dan Vi?t Nam cdc quoc gia tren the giai rat da dang va phong Vi du: Quyen bau cir, img cir (Dieu 27); Quyen phu C6 quoc gia thiet lgp ca quan bao vp Hien tham gia quan ly nhd nuac va xa hgi (Dieu 28); phdp chuyen trdch (Toa an Hien phap, Hgi dong Quyen bieu quyet Nha nu6c to chiic tnmg cau Hien phdp ); c6 quoc gia theo mo hinh bao hien y dan (Dieu 29); Quyen khien ngi, to cao (Dieu phi tgp trung (nhieu Toa dn c6 chiic nang bao ve 30); Quyen bai nhipm dgi bieu Quoc hgi, dgi bieu Hien phdp); c6 quoc gia bao vp Hien phap thong Hgi dong nhan dan (Dieu 7); Quyen giam sat hoat qua duang tu phdp; co quoc gia bao v? Hien dgng ciia bp may nha nuoc (khoan Dieu 8) phap chu yen bang cac thiet che chinh tri Tu\ Day la cac quyen dan chii ve chinh trj duge thyc nhien, a hau het cac quoc gia, nhiem vy bao hien hipn tryc tiep boi cong dan Vipt Nam luon luon chiia dung npi dung xem xet va xir ly miic dp nhat djnh, Hien phap nam 2013 da nhung van ban va hanh vi vi phgm Hien phap, vi de cap den viec bao ve chii quyen nhan dan thong phgm chii quyen nhan dan qua hogt dgng bao ve Hien phap Khoan Dilu Quy d{nh ve chu quyen nhan dan 119 Hien phap quy djnh: "Quoc hgi, cac ca quan Hien phap va vi^c bao dam chii quyen nhan ciia Quoc hpi, Chii tich nu6c, Chinh phu, Toa an dan thong qua ca che bao ve Hien phap if Vi^t nhan dan, Vien kiem sat nhan dan cac ca quan Nam khac cua Nha nuoc va toan the nhan dan co trdch 2.1 Quy djnh ve chu quyen nhdn ddn Hien phdp hien hdnh d Viet Nam Vipt Nam, Hien phdp hipn hanh da khang nhipm bao vp Hien phdp Co che bao vp Hiln phap luat dinh" Hien phap ciJng quy dinh tham quyen ciia Quoc hgi, Uy ban Thuang vu dinh chit quyin nhan dan va mgt so phuong thiic Quoc hgi vipc giam sat vi?c thi hanh Hien dl nhan dan thuc hien quyen luc cita minh Lai phap va giam sat tinh hgp hien ciia van ban quy noi diu Hien phap nam 2013 \ ict- "Nhan dan Viet pham phdp luat (khoan 10 Dieu 70; khoan Dilu I Ddn chu & Phdp ludt S6 7(340) - 2020 (^IJ&y dumg, phdft UtM 74; khoan Dilu 74); quy djnh tham quyin ciia ve xem xet tinh hpp hien ciia van ban da co hipu Thii tucmg Chinh phii viec dinh chi, bai bo lyc Quoc hgi ban hanh; quy dinh \ e giai thich cac van ban trdi Hiln phap (khoan Dieu 98) Hien phdp so sai Quy trinh, thu tuc giam sat Ve quyin lap hiln va siia doi Hien phdp, Hiln tinh hpp hien ciia van ban quy phgm phap lugt va phap nam 2013 quy dinh: Quoc hpi thyc hipn hanh vi cua ca quan, ca nhan Hien phap trao quyen lap hien (Dieu 69); Quoc hgi lam Hiln quyen chua cu the Chang han, phap lugt chua xdc phap va siia doi Hien phap (khoan Dieu 70); djnh ro each giai quyet co y kien khac truong hgp lam Hien phdp, sira doi Hiln phdp giira Uy ban Phap luat ciia Quoc hgi voi co quan phai dupc it nhat hai phan ba tong so dgi bieu trinh du an ve tmh hpp hien cita dy dn luat, nghj Quoc hpi bieu quyet tdn (khoan Dieu 85) quyet, phdp Ipnh hoac y kien khdc giiia Bp Dieu 120 Hien phap quy djnh trinh ty sua doi Tu phap vai ca quan chu tri sogn thao ve tinh hpp Hien phap, tham quyen quyet dinh ve Hien phap, hien cua dy an lugt, phap Ipnh, dy thao nghj quyet CO quy djnh vipc trung cau y dan ve Hien Chinh phii trinh : phdp Quoc hgi quyet dinh Tir nhihig quy djnh neu tren, co the thay, viec Ba Id, cho den nay, Hien phap chua xdc djnh ro hipu lyc tryc tiep ciia mgt so quy djnh the hipn ve chii quyen nhan dan, quyen lap hien, Hien phdp, nen chua co co so phdp ly ro rang cho quy trinh sua doi Hien phap Hien phap nam vipc phan quyet ve hanh vi vi hien khong hanh 2013 da CO buac tien bg vuiyt bgc so vai Hien dgng Cac phuang thirc bao vp Hien phap dan phdp nam 1992 Tuy nhien, co che bao ve Hien trai, chit yeu la cac bien phdp mang tinh chinh trj, phap hipn hanh Vipt Nam ton tgi mpt so bat chi CO gia trj tu van, khuyen nghj, hieu lyc phdp cap sau day: ly khong cao Mgt Id CO nhieu thiet che (Quoc hgi, Uy ban Vi vay, tac gia dong y voi nhgn djnh cua TS Thucmg vy Quoc hgi va Thu tuong Chinh phii ) Biii Ngpc Scm ve co che bao ve Hien phdp ciia CO tham quyen bao ve Hien phap thong qua hogt Viet Nam rang: "Viet Nam van chua co mgt co dgng xem xet viec thi hanh Hien phap, xem xet quan chuyen kiem tra tinh hpp hien ciia quyen luc tinh ht^p hien ciia van ban quy pham phdp luat, giai nha nuoc noi chung va quyen lap phap cita Quoc thich Hien phap Nhu vay, thiet che mang tinh phi hpi noi rieng, tiic la chua co mgt che dp bdo hien tap trung va khong chuyen trach, tham quyen bao hoan chinh"^ Nhan djnh dupc dua tir ve Hien phap duge giao cho nhieu co quan khac 2003, nhung den nay, Hien phdp nam 2013 da thuc hien nhung chua duge phan dinh ro CO hieu lyc dupc 06 nam van hoan toan chinh xac rang Hai Id, mpt so npi dung bao ve Hien phdp da dupc Hien phap quy dinh, nhung ca co phap ly de 2.2 Mot so hgn che vifc bdo ddm chu quyin nhan dan thong qua hogt dgng bdo vp Hiin phdp & Viet Nam thyc hipn nhirng npi dung chua day dit, chua • Qu6c hgi da gidm sat vice thi hanh Hien cy the, chiia dyng mau thuan, chong cheo phdp, luat ciia cdc ca quan nha nuac, yeu cau cac hoac khuyit thieu, bat cap Vi du: Thilu quy dinh CO quan ban hanh van ban trien khai thi hanh Ddn chCi & Phdp lu$t I ^fjdy, dung pJidp, iuM S67(340)-g^ Hien phap, luat diing tien Tuy nhien, hoat vy Quoc hgi da chi m^t vai truang hgp ^^n dgng giam sat chua triet de hieu qua, ddn din ban vi hien nhung ket qua chua phan anh diing tinh trang ng dpng van ban kha biln lam cho thuc te ve tinh hop hien ciia hp thong vSn ban quy Hien phap va nhieu dao luat cham di vao cugc pham phap luat Han nira c6 rat nhieu hanh \ i vi song "Theo ke hoach thang ddu nam 2018 cac hien duai dang khong hanh dgng cua cac ca quan bp phai xay dung, trinh ban hanh hoac ban hanh CO tham quyen Hien phap quy djnh chua dupc theo tham quyen 151 van ban quy dinh chi lilt Quoc hpi phat hipn hoac co the da phat hi?n luat, phdp Ipnh Trong do, co 60 van ban da co nhung chua co bipn phap xii ly mpt cdch kjp thai hipu luc va 9! van ban chua co hieu luc Tuy \ a thau dao nhien, tinh den ngdy 30/6, Chinh phii, Thu tucmg - Hogt dgng giai thich Hien phap chua dupc Chinh phu, cac bp, ca quan ngang bp da ban hanh coi trpng diing miic va thyc hipn thyc te Uy dupc 93/151 van ban quy dinh chi tiet luat phap ban Thuang vy Quoc hpi chua kjp thai giai thich Ienh Trong do, c6 49/60 van ban da c6 hipu luc cac quy dinh c6n co each hieu khac nhau, gay kh6 Cy the, CO 28 nghj djnh, quyet djnh, 13 thong khan, vudng mac thi hdnh Hien phap tu, thong tu lien tjch, dgt 81,67% kl hoach Nhu Chang ban, giai thich de phan bipt "giam sat toi vay, van "np" 11 van ban de huong dan ludt cao vipc tuan theo Hien phdp" va "giam sdt viec phdp Ienh da co hieu lyc thi hanh"-* thi hanh Hien phdp" nhu the nao? Giai thich ve Danh gia ve boat dgng giam sdt ciia Quoc hgi cdc "truong hgp can thiet vi ly quoc phong, an Bao cdo cong tac ciia nhiem ky Quoc hoi khoa ninh quoc gia, trat ty, an lodn xa hgi, dao diic xa XIII viet: "Hoat dgng giam sdt ciia Quoc hgi van hgi, siic khoe cua cgng dong" can ban che quyen khong it han che, bat cap Trong mgt so ngudi, quyen cong dan truang hpp chua co ca che xac djnh ro trdch - Thdi gian Quoc hgi danh cho vipc xem xet nhiem ciia cac chii the lien quan, quy trinh xu ly cdc bdo cdo thi hdnh Hien phdp it va che tai phii hgp: viec theo doi, don doc thuc ITnh vyc giam sat qua rpng cho nen npi dung giam hien ket luan, kien nghi sau giam sat chua thyc sy sat chua sau sac, toan dipn quyet liet, khong it vij vipc cham duge giai quyet Thyc trang phap lugt va su van hanh ciia ca gay birc xiic du luan; viec giai quyet kien che bao ve Hien phap nhu tren dan den sy ton tai nghj khieu nai, to cdo ciia cu tri chua dat yeu mpt so van ban trai Hien phap va hanh vi vi hien cau; mpt so quy djnh ciia phap ludt ve giam sat khong hanh dpng d Viet Nam Cd the noi, vi hiln nhu viec cu tri bai nhiem dai bieu Quoc hgi, viec dudi dang khong hanh dgng d Vipt Nam rat kho bo phieu tin nhiem doi voi nguoi giir chirc vu kiem soat Nhieu quy djnh ve cdc hinh thirc nhan Quoc hpi bau hoac phe chuan chua co dieu kien dan thyc hien chu quyen ciia minh Hiln thyc tede thyc hien "5 phap khong duge thyc hipn tren thyc te hoac dirpc Thyc te cho thay, Quoc hgi chua danh nhieu thyc hien mgt cdch hinh thuc, chieu lp Vi dy; thai gian giam sat ve tinh hgp hien cita van ban Quy djnh ve trung cau y dan, ve quyen tham gia quy pham phdp luat Bao cao ciia Ly ban Thucmg quan ly nha nude va xa hgi ciia cdng dan Nhieu I Ddn chCi & Phdp ludt S6 (340)- 2020 9fJAg dtfng fdukfi bi&i quyen va ty hien dinh cua cdng dan chua duge nhirng quy pham nguyen tac va quy phgm myc quy djnh cy the bang lugt Vi dy: Quyen bai tieu Nhung xet ve so lupng, mgt bdn Hien nhipm dai bieu dan cir; quyen ty lap hpi; quyen phdp, eac quy phgm mang tinh quy tac va cac quy bieu tinh Do vgy, da lam han che rat nhieu viec phgm djnh nghTa lai nhieu hon so vdi quy phgm bao ddm chii quyen cua nhan dan nguyen tac va quy phgm muc tieu Do vgy, "xii ly Mgt so giai ph^p bao dam cbii quyen miic can va du ctia cac logi quy pham la rat can nhSn dan thong qua hoat d$ng bao ve Hiln thiet de mpt mat bao dam Hiln phap la van ban ph&p tf Vipt Nam chinh trj, phap ly ca ban nhat, khdi quat nhat; mat Mpt la, doi m&i tu duy, nang cao nhgn thuc ve khac, khdng bien nd mgt bdn cuong ITnh vai trd, bdn chdt cua Hien phap, coi Hien phdp Id vdi nhirng quy djnh mang tinh tuyen ngdn ma van cita nhdn ddn, the hi§n chu quyen nhdn ddn vd co la mgt dao lugt ciia Nha nudc"^ Nhirng yeu cau hi^u luc tryc tiep ve bao dam chit quyen nhan dan doi hdi Hiln Dgc trung quan trgng, dong thdi la nguyen phap - dgo luat ca ban cita Nha nude, van ban the tac ciia Nha nude phap quyen xa hgi chii nghia hipn y chi tdi cao cua nhan dan phai duge dp dyng Vict Nam la quyen lyc nha nude thupc ve nhdn tryc tiep Hien phdp phdi sir dyng mgt ty Ie phit dan, vi vgy, Hien phap phai la van ban the hipn htyp eac logi quy pham nguyen tac, quy pham myc chu quyen toi cao ciia nhan dan, bao dam nban tieu, quy phgm djnh nghTa va quy phgm quy tac dan la chii the xay dyng va quyet djnh ngi dung "Viec su dung diing miic cac quy phgm ndi tren ciia Hien phdp cua Hien phap duoc ly giai bdi nhu cau dp Ve hipu lyc thyc te ciia Hien phap, d Viet Nam dung Hien phdp va gidi thich Hien phap Doi hdi cho din van ton tgi nhgn thiic chua diing, cita nen dan chii, mong mudn eiia dan chitng va chua day dii hoac loi thdi ve van de ndi chung ia nguyen tac phdp quyen dat nhu GS.TSKH Dao Tri Uc vilt: "Vl mat phdp ly, can Hien phap can phai duge ap dyng tryc tiep Hiln phdp la dao luat ca ban Id van ban chinh trj Chinh vi vgy, eac quy djnh cua no phai dap irng - phap ly cd vj tri cao nhat he thdng phap dupc yeu cau cho viec dp dyng tryc tiep va bdo luat Tuy nhien, thyc te, sy nhan thiic ro dam de sy giai thich dupc chinh xdc"^ han, day dii hon ve hieu lyc dp dung true tiep ciia Hiln phdp thi chua phdi da cd tu va hanh dgng ciia cong dan, ciia nhan vien nha nudc"^ Hai Id, ban hdnh lugl thdnh lap ca quan bdo ve Hien phdp chuyen trdch, doc lap Khoan Dieu 119 Hien phap nam 2013 quy djnh: " Cache bao ve Hien phap luat djnh" De dieu ehinh cdc quan he xa hpi mang tinh ca The che hoa quy dinh tren, Luat ve bdo ve Hien ban vd nen tang cita mot quoc gia, Hien phap phap quy djnh to chuc va hogt dgng ciia ca quan thudng chiia dyng nhirng quy pham mang tinh chuyen trdch bao ve Hien phdp la Uy ban Giam khdi qudt cao, la cac quy pham nguyen tac va sat Hien phap cac quy phgm djnh hudng muc tieu Tinh chat va Uy ban Giam sat Hien phdp la co quan y nghia ciia Hien phdp duge the hien trudc het d Qu6c hgi lap, co chirc nang gidm sat viec Ddn chu & Phdp ludt I Ofj&g diing fJm^ biM »0 f(94Uj-*v*- thi hanh Hien phap ciia Quoc hgi Uy ban Thudng Ba Id, xu ly trdch nhi?m cua cdc ca quan, lO \'y Qudc hpi, Chii tjch nude, Chinh phu Thu chirc cd nhdn ban hdnh vdn bdn hoge rA{fC hifO tudng Chinh phii, Tda an nhan dan tdi cao, Vien hdnh vi viphgm hgn che cdc quven hien dinh cua kiem sat nhan dan tdi cao, Kiem toan Nha nude cong ddn Hgi dong Ban cii Qude gia Uy ban Giam sat Hien To chirc thyc hipn cac quy djnh ve tfach phap se cd dja vj phap ly gan gidng Kiem toan nhiem cua cac ca quan nha nude \ icc xay Nha nude de cd the khdch quan va tuong ddi dpc dyng ban hanh kjp thdi ddng bp cac van ban lap giam sdt viec thi hanh Hien phap cita cac co quy phgm phap luat \ e quyen eon ngudi quyen quan nha nude khac Ve td ehiic, Uy ban Giam sdt edng dan; dp dung cac che tai phii hi^p doi vai Hien phdp can duge chia cac tieu ban de cac CO quan, ca nhan cd van ban va hanh vi vi chuyen mon hda \a phan cdng cdng viec Cdc pham quyen eon ngudi quyen cdng dan hoac boat dgng kiem tra giam sat, xem xet hanh \ i vi khong thyc hipn da\ dii kip thdi tham quyen pham Hien phap duge thyc hipn bdi cac tieu ban ban hanh van ban \ e quyen ngudi, quyen chuyen trach Tren ca sd bdo cdo cita cdc tieu ban, cong dan (dac biet la quyen bai nhipm dgi bieu Uy ban hgp toan the de xem xet thao luan va bieu dan cir, ve tnmgcau y dan, \ e giam sat cua quyet de dua quyet djnh cuoi cung Cac bao nhan dan ) Ddng thdi, can xac djnh ro trach cdo ciia Uy ban duge thong qua dgt u le bieu nhiem ciia ca nhan cong dan vice thuc quyet theo da so va sau dupc trinh Qude hgi hien quyen, tu ciia minh hoac khong hoan Chii tjch Uy ban khdng tham gia bieu qu\ci nghTa vy cdng dan; \ u Iy nghiem minh, nhung cd "tieng ndi" quyet djnh cudi ciing kjp thdi cac hanh vi lgi dyng quyen ty do, dan trudng hpp so phieu ddng y va khdng ddng y n chii de xam hgi an ninh qudc gia, trgt ty an toan gang \a hpi Q I C-.Mdc - Ang-ghen Todn tap lap I \.xb Chinh tri quoc gia H 1995 tr 317 Xgini'ii Van Bong Ludt Hien phdp vd chinh tri hgc Sdi Gon 1967 tr 51 hltp://quochoi.vn/tulieuquochoi/anpham Pages'anpham.aspx?AnPhamltemlD=3 (Nghien cuu Lgp phdp 12 135) thdng 12 20Q3 ) http://\\-\vw.daibieunhandan.vndefault.aspx?iabid-~6&SeKsid=407903 5- Bao cdo edng tdc nhiem ky khoa XIII cua Qudc hgi hitps:/Vdantri.com.vn/chinh-in loan-van-bao-cao-cong-tac-nhiem-ky-khoa-xiii-cua-quoc-hoi201603231 :!20'69\html Ddo Tri Oc (2007), "Suphdt trien aia chu nghia lap hien hien dgi a Viet Nam ", Tgp chi Mia nuoc vd Ph lugt so 7, tr 10 Ddo Tri te (2010), "Hien phdp ddi song xd hgi vd quoc gia ", Tgp chi Nghien ciru Ldp phdp so tr.n ,^ Ddo Tri Cc (2010) "Hien phdp ddi song xd hgi vd quoc gia " Tgp chi Nghien cini Lap phdp, so tr.H-I2 I Ddn chu & Phdp ludt ... d^i di?n thong qua Quoc hpi, Hpi dong bao V? Hien phap nhan dan vk thong qua cac ca quan khac ciia Nha Cho den nay, viec thiet l^p ca che bao v? Hien nucrc" Dong thai, Hien phap nam 2013 ciing... phu, Toa an dan thong qua cc che bao ve Hien phap a 'i^t nhan dan, Vien kiem sat nhan dan, cac ca quan Nam 2.1 Quy djnh ve chti quyen nhdn ddn Hiin phdp hifn hanh d Vi^t Nam khac ciia Nha nuoc... Scm ve co che bao ve Hien phap cua CO tham quyen bao ve Hien phap thong qua boat Viet Nam rang; "Viet Nam van chua co mpt ca quan chuyen kiem tra tinh hpp hien ciia quyen lyc dpng xem xet viec thi