'Jhi kdmk fihifi ludi :>oo \o^ — iO NiNG CAO HiEU QUi HOAT DONG TRCI GIOP P H ^ Lt CHO HHAN DJbl CAC DAN Tab THifu SlI A TiY BAC • • BOI HUY TOAN • Tom tit: Bdi viit ndy nghien ciru vd ii xudt cdc gidi phap tdng Ihi nhim ndng cao hipu qua hopt dpng trp giiip phdp ly cho nhdn ddn cdc ddn Ipc thieu sd a cdc tinh Tdy Bdc Abstract: This paper studies and proposes comprehensive solutions to improve the effectiveness of legal aid activities for ethnic minorities in the h/orthwcst provinces rang nhOng nim qua, mOI Irong nhOng miin phl tgi dja bin cic linh niy li phii hpp vdi nhu ciu, nhiim vg dupe Ding vi Nhi nude ta djc biit quan tim l i cing tic xda ddi, giam nghio, l i nhiim vg then chit di phit triin bin virng kinh t i - xi hOi cda dit nude Vdi mgc Hiu xda ddi giim nghio toin diin, bin vimg vi bio dim cic chlnh sich an sinh xi hOi trin thyc ti, dd mgc tiiu "xda nghio vi phip lugt" li mOt cic chlnh sich glim nghio cd y nghTa rit quan trpng dii vdi ngudi nghio vi cic dii tupng chinh sich, dii tupng yiu Ihi xi hOi, Irong dd, lyc lupng In? giup phip ly (TGPL) thi/c hiOn l i ndng cit Cing tic TGPL di trd Ihinh nil dung quan Irpng ting Ihi Chuong trinh myc tiiu quic gia xda ddi, glim nghio nhiiu nim qua Y nghTa ciia viic giim nghio vi mgt phip luit chlnh sich TGPL giup ngudi dupe TGPL bio vO quyin, Ipl Ich hpp phip ciJa minh, ning cao hiiu biit phip luit, y thirc tdn vi chip hinh phip luit; gdp phin vio viOc phi biin, giio dgc phip lugt, bio vi cflng ly bio dam cdng bing xi hOi, phflng ngira, hgn chi tranh chip vi vi phgm phip luit Cic tinh vung Tiy Bic l i nhirng tinh cdn gip nhiiu khin vi kinh t i - xi hOi, da si li ngudi din lOc thiiu si sinh sing lip tmng d viing cfl diiu kiin kinh l i - xi hfli djc biit khd khin, din tri thip, cdn tin Igi nhiiu hu tgc Igc hiu VI vOy viic triin khai chlnh sich TGPL nguyin vpng cug ngudi din Cho din nay, hon 20 nim hinh Ihinh vi phit triin, chinh sich TGPL Igi cic linh Tiy Bic di tirng budc khing djnh duoc vai trd, vj tri cua minh vi cd thi ndi diy l i mOI nhung chlnh sich Irong nhdm cie chlnh sich an sinh nhin dupe sy quan lim, ung hO ciJa cic cip chlnh quyin v i ngudi din Chlnh vi viy, viOc ning cao chit lupng hogt dOng TGPL cho nhin din eic din tOc thiiu s i tgi khu vyc Tiy Bic dgng li yiu ciu, l i Irin trd ciia nhyng ngydi lim cflng tic quan ly nhi nude Di phii huy dupe vai trd tich cyc eua cOng tie TGPL cho ding bio din tie thiiu si cic tinh Tiy Bic cin xic djnh mfll hi thing toin diin, khflng chi dip irng yiu ciu cip bich mi cdn dim bio phit triin bin vung, liu dii Trin co sd nghiin ciru, tic gii de xuit cic giii phip nhu sau: Vi vin d i hoan thien phip luat Cin tiip tgc hoin thiOn hO thing phip luit tgo khuOn phip ly cho sy phit trien bin virng cflng tic TGPL theo hudng chuyin nghiip hda, xi hfli hda, sir dgng hiiu qui cic nguin lyc cua Nhi nude, xi hOi nhim cung cip kjp thdi djch vy phip ly cho ngudi dupe TGPL cd nhu ciu, tgo budc chuyin biin can bin, dfll phi viic ning cao chit lypng djch vy TGPL cin phii cd 10 trinh hoin thiOn phip lugt theo lirng budc di thich T I S I Ddn chu & Phdp ludt gid Itdidi phdfi lu4t S6 (339) - 2020 hpp, cy thi: tOc thiiu si cic tinh Tiy Bic theo diing bin chit vi yiu Thir nhit cin dii mdi tu phip ly xiy dyng ciu tren co sd dinh hudng rd trpng tim nhiim vy ciia phip luil vi TGPL cho nhin din cic din tfle thiiu s i hogt ding TGPL l i TGPL theo vy viic Bin cgnh dd, di Unh Tiy Bic theo hudng: (i) Ning cao nhin thirc kjp thdi bio vi quyin vi Ipi Ich hpp phip cua ngudi oia cic CO quan, l i chirc, ci nhin, die biit cua cic co dupe TGPL qui trinh l i tgng (iv) Trinh ly thyc quan, ngydi tiin hinh l i tyng vi cing tic TGPL, vj Irl hiin TGPL tgo diiu kiin thuin Ipi cho ngudi dupe vi vai trd cOa nfl dii vdi ngudi din, nhit l i ngyfli yiu Ihi xi hOi Ning cao vj Ihi ciia cic ca quan quin ly nhi nude vi TGPL, die biit l i Sd Tu phip tgi dja phutmg (11) cin tiin hinh diiu tra, khio sit vi ting kit vi thyc trgng, nhu ciu diiu chlnh hoin thien phip luit h^n (iii) Tiip thu kinh nghiOm nude ngoii (iv) Thay dii quan nlim vi quy mi, phgm vi diiu chlnh eic vin bin phip lugt, nhit l i Luit Trp giiip phip ly Thirhel, thyc hiOn ri soit, dinh gli vi ling kil vi thyc Irgng quy djnh liin quan din hogt dOng TGPL, cy TGPL, nhit l i viic bio vi quyin, Ipl Ich hpp phip ly hogt dflng t i tyng (v) Chi dfl chlnh sich uu dii dii vdi ngudi thyc hifln TGPL tuong xdng vdi nhiim vv duoc giao (phg cip thim niin ning mirc phy cip vi chi dfl bii dudng cho ngudi thyc hiin trp gliip phip ly); ed vin bin hudng din ning nggch, thing hgng chuc danh nghi nghiOp dii vfli viin chirc trp gliip viin phip ly dim bio quyin Ipi cho cic Inji giiip viin phip ly (vl) Xiy dyng co chi dinh gii chit lupng vy viic TGPL cflng khai, minh bgch, hiiu qui (vii) tiip Igc hoin thiin Bli: Ri soit quy djnh Luit Trp giup phip ly nim 2017, cic vin bin quy phgm phip lugt hlOn hinh Hfli ding nhin din vi Oy ban nhin din ban hinh, tinh tuong IWch glOa quy djnh phip luit vdi cic diiu udc quic t i (* liin quan mi ViOt Nam l i thinh vien di hudng den hoin Ihiin phip lugt cho ngiy cing phii hpp hon 77ii> 6a, ning cao trinh dfl, ning lyc xiy dyng cic theo cic tiiu chuin quic t i vi dinh gii chit lypng l i chirc thyc hiin vi giim sit kil qui vg viOc (viil) Diy mgnh cing tic xi hfli hda hogt dflng TGPL (ix) Giim thui thu nhOp doanh nghiOp thu nhgp ci nhin cho chu thi thyc hiin TGPL (x) Don giin hda cic thii tyc thinh lOp vi cic thii h,ic hinh chinh khic Vi triin khai cac hoat ddng chuyen mfln, vin bin quy phgm phip luit, cg thi: (i) Ning cao trinh no, ning lyc ciJa cic dgi biiu Quic hOi, ting si lupng igi biiu chuyin Irich Xiy dyng dupe dfli ngO chuyin gia tham gia vio qui Irinh xiy dyng, thim djnh, dinh gli tic dOng ciJa cic vin bin quy phgm phip luil (11) C6 CO chi thu hilt md rflng sy tham gia ddng dio cua nghifp vy Mpi li, khao sit vi viic triin khai cic hogt ddng chuyin min, nghiip vg TGPL d nhiiu dja phuong Irong toin quic bing cich thu Ihip tii Iliu, nghlSn ciru phip luit vi kmh nghigm TGPL cua mOt si nude cd nin kinh t i phit triin, dang phit triin vi cie nude dang Irong a hOi vio qui trinh xiy dyng van bin quy pham phip qui Irinh chuyin doi luil, nhit li cic CO quan nghiin ciru, cac nhi khoa hoc Hai /a, ning cao hiiu qui tnjyin thdng phip luit Thirlii, hoin thiin cic quy djnh phip lugt vi: (i) MO Tmyin thing phip luit li mfll cic phuong hinh TGPL hin hpp, lim rd vai trd ndng cit cua Nhi thirc hiiu qui ning cao sy hiiu biit cua ngudi din v i mrdc, CO chi tham gia cua l i chirc hinh nghe luit su, TGPL Trayin thing vi TGPL di ngudi din biil din Hie biOt li khuyin khich sy tham gia, ddng gdp cua xi djch vy TGPL, din quyin dypc TGPL vi thyc hiin W huy ding tinh ty nguyin ciia t i chirc xa hfli (ii) cd nhu ciu; ting cudng xi hfli hda cflng tic TGPL Vi Hinh thirc tu vin phip ly vi phin djnh ro phgm vi tu viy cin tiip tgc l i chirc cic dpi truyin thflng vi triin vin (ill) Phgm vl thyc hiin TGPL cho nhin din cac din khai thyc hiOn quy djnh cua Lujt Trp giiip phip ly nim Ddn ChCi & Phdp ludt B l 7hikdnhphdp,iaM 0 {0O9f - ***•20 Tdng codng vai trd chi dgo, quin ly cua ca quan quin IJ nhi node vl TGPL, nhlt l i triln khai, theo ddi vi$c thi/e hi$n phip lu§t vl TGPL Nhi node quin ly t l chdc vi hogt ddng TGPL sit sao, tdng codng cdng tie kilm tra, kilm soit dinh gii chit logng TGPL dli vdi cie t i chdc, cd nhdn th^c hi§n TGPL toin quic Die bi$t, vai trb eua Sd To phip dii vdi cdng tdc TGPL tgi dja phoong ein doge phit huy tii da han nda Oing thdi, ting codng su' phii hgp, kit nli giCra BO To phip Sa / i , xiy di/ng ca chl dinh gii chit logng vy vi$c vi Sd To phip vdi to cich li ca quan tham mou cho TGPL cdng khai, minh b^di vi hi$u qui Tilp tyc hoin CO quan quin ly nhi node vl TGPL d tmng oong vi dja thi$n theo cic tiiu chuin qude t l ve dinh gii chit phoong vi§c quin ly nhi node v l chit logng lirgrng t l chdc thi/c hi§n TGPL vi giim sit kit qui vu TGPL, vi$c dl dim bio cic dinh gii khich quan tnjng thi/c Ve quan h? phii hgp gida cic eo quan, to chdc lidn vd cdng bing B6n / i , tip tmng thi/c hi$n vy vi$c TGPL ^eo dung quan vi vi§c ling ghip chlnh sdch TGPL vdi cic chlnh bin chit cua ho?! ddng TGPL Tilp tgc thi/c hi$n cung sich cic choong trinh myc tidu quic gia Ting d p djch vg TGPL miln phl cho ngirdi din cic din tdc codng phii hgp chit che vdi ea quan ed lidn quan dl thilu si cic tinh Tiy Bic dodi nhilu hinh thdc, die bi^t triln khai thi/e hi$n cd hi§u qui cic hogt ddng theo cic chO trpng cdng tic TGPL hogt ddng tham gia t i choang trinh phii hgp da ban hdnh Phil hgp tit vdi tgng ci vl s6 lagng lln chit luvng vg vi$c, tham gia dgi cic ca quan tiln hinh t i tyng vi cdc ca quan t i chdc di^n, bio chda cho ngodi dog'c TGPL Dim bio ludn c6 liin quan vi^c triln khai thyc hi$n hl$u qud kjp thdi cd trg giCip viin, luit so tham gia TGPL tham chlnh sieh TGPL trSn dja bdn tinh Tilp tuc ki§n todn vd gia t l tgng bio v$ quyin, iQi Ich hgp phip cua ngodi ndng cao ning lye vl t i tyng ciia Hdi ding phii hgp doge TGPL dan cd yiu ciu TGPL ho^e yeu ciu lien nginh vl TGPL hogt dOng to tyng, theo quy TGPL ti> phia cic co quan tiln hinh td tgng theo diing djnh tgi Thdng to liin tjch si 10/2018nTLT-BTP-BCAquy djnh cua phip luit theo quy djnh cua Luit Trg giiip BTC-BQP-TANDTC-VKSNDTC ngiy 29/6/2018 Xdy dyng co chl phoi hgp chi Ult, ey thi thdng qua cic phip ly nim 2017 WSm Id ting codng mil quan h$ phii hgp vdi cie choong trinh, kl hogch, quy chl gioa cdc ca quan, t l ca quan, t l choc, doin thi dl triln khai hiiu qua Luit chdc vd ci nhin c6 ll&n quan qud trinh triln khai Trg giup phip ly vd cdc vin bin hodng ddn, quy djnh thyc hiin TGPL Cic Sd To phdp cin c6 co chl phii ch\ tilt Luit Trg giiip phip ly, nhit li cic co quan, ngodi hgp vdi Ban Din tOe triln khai cdng tdc TGPL tgi dja tiln hinh t l tgng vide phii hgp TGPL hoat phoong Mdt khic, cin md rdng, tri sinh hoat, ndng ddng TGPL Ting eodng vai trd ciia Hdi ding phoi hgp cao chit logng hogt dOng ciia cic eSu Igc bd TGPL tgi lien nginh vl TGPL d tmng oong vi ^a phoong xd, 2017 vi cic vin bin hirdng din thi hinh din cic thdn, x6m, x§ vung sdu vung xa, vung dfln tri thip, ting ordng tmyin thdng v4 phdp luit ndi chung nhlm ning cao nh$n thdc phip lu^t cho nhimg ngodi thude di§n ngifli'i din tdc thilu sd ca tni d vung cd dtlu ki§n kinh t l - xi hdi die bi$t khd khin bing nhilu hinh thdc da dgng, phong phu phu h ^ vdi d$c dilm cua ngodi din tdc thilu s6 vi^c triln khai cic quy djnh vl phii hgp TGPL t i SAu / i , dly mgnh img dyng c6ng ngh$ th6ng tin vdo tgng; die bi6l vi^c ndng eao nhdn thirc vi eo chl cdc hoat ddng TGPL B l tgo lhu§n Igi hon cho ngodi phii hgp vi^c giii thich quyin TGPL, diuyen, gdi ddn tilp cdn v i sd dyng djch vg TGPL, cin bl sung ca vg vi$c TGPL cua (xr quan, ngodi liln hinh td tgng chl cho phdp ngodi doge TGPL gdi don yfiu ciu TGPL ^ Odn chO & Phdp lu^t yki Hdnh phdp, ludi Sd (339) - 2020 qua h$ thing tn/c tuyIn di$n td d l doge xem xdt, chip vdi l i chdc hdnh nghi lu$t so t i chdc to v i n phdp luit rrfiin thy \^ vy nhdm tgo eo e h l linh hogt w§c bdo v i quin ly chit logng vy vigc TGPL, aim quyin vd Igi ich hgp phip cho ngodi doge TGPL Thir ba, huy dflng c i c nguin lyc x i hdi, khuyin Dly mgnh dng dgng cflng nghO thdng tin v i o cie hogt khich cdc t i chdc hinh nghi lu$t so, to v i n phdp luit (I$ng chuyen mdn cua dan vj tren dja bdn tinh dang ky tham gia TGPL B i o d i m thu v l nhan s y , kl^n t o i n t l chu^, bp may hut thdm nguln kinh phl cho hogt dflng TGPL toang Ihirnhk, xdng vdi vi$c phdt triln t l chdc, bO mdy, cdn bd v i s i ning cao trinh dO, kiln thdc, ky ndng ciia ngifdi thyc hi§n TGPL thdng qua nhilu hinh thirc d i o logng, chit logng vg vigc TGPL tfo, bli dodng, t i p huln da dgng, phong phu, d i e bi$t Thi> tif, N h i node c i n cd chlnh sich d l thu hiit c i c chu trgng d i n k^ ning l i m vl$c d i i vdi ngodi ddn tOc nguin lye thyc hi§n TGPL v i h i trg, khuyin khich, ghi thiiu s i , xdy dyng ddi ngQ c i n bO am hiiu phip luit, nh$n v i tfin vinh eic t l chirc, c i nhdn tham gia, dflng njm vdng c i c d§c dilm ciia cdc d i n t i c thilu s i gdp, cdng tdc TGPL d l khieh 1$ sy tham gia nhilu han Ulp cin vy vide b i o d i m chit logng, hi$u q u i noa ciia cdc lyc logng xd h^i d l i vdi hogt ddng TGPL Thi/dng xuyfin t i chdc khda t i p huln djnh ky c i c Idp O l nghj BO To phdp, Cyc Trg giup phip ly tilp tgc tham t5p huln chuyen s i u v l chuy§n mfin, nghi?p vy, cip mini trinh ca quan cd thim quyin ban hinh vdn b i n nhit kiln thdc phip luit cho ddi ngu trg giup vidn vd lidn quan d i n c h l dO chinh sich ou ddi d i i vdi ngodi cin bO, cflng chirc thyc hi§n quin ly n h i node v l thyc hi$n TGPL loong ximg vdi nhi^m vg doge giao TGPL Ngoii ra, doi vdi nhdng vien chdc dii dilu ki§n, (phg cip thim nien, ndng mirc phy d p vd ehl d i b i i cir tham dy khda d i o tgo nghidp vy lu^t so, dio tgo b i i dodng cho ngodi thyc hi§n TGPL); ed v i n b i n hodng difdng nguin b i nhi$m trg giiip vidn phdp ly tgo nguln d i n ning nggch, thdng hgng chdc danh nghi nghi$p trg giiip viin phdp ly nhdm b i sung nguin lyc thyc hi§n d l i vdi vien chdc trg giup vien phdp ly dam bio quyin TGPL dip dng nhu c i u d l i togng TGPL trin dja b i n Igi cho c i c trg giiip vidn phdp ly Hdng thdng, hing y'nh theo quy djnh cua Luit Trg giiip phip ly Bdng c i c quy phii cd bdo cdo so kit, ting kit d l kjp thdi khen quy djnh cg t h i Luit da tao dilu ki^n cho c i c c i thodng, tuydn doong, nhin rOng nhong phoong phdp nhin, t l chdc cd dii dieu ki|n, tieu chuin tham gja thyc l i m hay, ding thoi xd ly nghiem nhiing vi phgm, khic hi^n TGPL vd c i c chiJ t h i ndy ky hgp ding thyc phuc nhong hgn che q u i trinh thyc thi phip luiL hi$n TGPL doge Nhd node chi t r i thii lao thyc hidn vy vi$c Trong vigc cung cap djch vy phii dgt van de diit lygng l i m i t nhdng y i u t i quan trgng hing v i n d l kiem tra, t h i m djnh, nghlf m thu vg vl^c 7ht> nhat, to chdc vigc thim djnh, dinh g i i chit logng TGPL theo quy djnh tgi Thflng to s i 12/2018/TTBTP ngiy 28/8/2018 cua Bo To phip, cd t h i phii hgp Thir hai, tilp tyc kign toin bO m i y t l chdc theo de vdi cac CO quan tiln hinh to tyng, c i c t i chdc nghi in vj tri vi$c l i m ; chuyin d l i md s i , ning ngach ehde nghi§p, xd hfli nghi nghiip cd chdc ndng quan ly cdc t i danh nghi nghidp Xdy dong hodn thidn dOi ngu v i d i l chdc v i ngodi thyc hidn TGPL khic d l ciing tham gia aO ddi ngd ngodi thyc hiin TGPL Cy t h i x i y dyng dfli vi^e dinh g i i chit logng, ddc bidt, chii y din sy h i i ngu luit so giiu kinh nghigm, ky nang Ning cao chit long cua ngodi sd dyng djch vy Thyc hl^n vi§c dinh Iwpng djch vg vd chuydn nghidp hfla hoat dflng TGPL gid chit logng vy vide v i giim sdt vide ddnh gid chit Wng qua vi^c chuin hda ddi ngu ngodi thyc hi§n logng vg vi$c theo dung quy djnh, qua dd ndm bit kjp TGPL, quy djnh tidu chuin tham gia thyc hign TGPL doi thai thyc trgng chit logng vg vigc TGPL d l cd nhdng Ddn chu & Phdp lu$t Ml 9ld lutidi pkifi Ui4t b o t> \o