Lựa chọn luật áp dụng trong hợp đồng thương mại có yếu tố nước ngoài

'0lulfilu4li)dXiMha S66 (339) - 2020 L U A C H O N LUAT A P D U N G TRONG H0P DONG THllDNG MAI CO YEU TO'NIMC NGOAI • ThS CAO XUAN PHONG ' Tdm tdt: Bdi viet de cap den vdn de I^ra chpn phdp lugt dp dyng cho hgp dong thirang mqi qude ti theo thoa thudn cua cdc ben giao ket hcrp dong vd iheo quyet dinh cua Toa dn th\rc hi?n gidi quySl tranh chdp Abstract: The article deals with the issue of selecting laws applicable to international commeivial contracts under the agreement of the contracting parties at\d according to the decision of the Court to settle dispute(s) Ly^ ch^n phdp lu$t dp dijing cho hpp dong dupe giai quyet tai T6a an Ai Cap, theo phap luat Ai Cap; neu hpp dong dupe giao ket bing tieng giao k^t h9p ddng Hy Lap thi tranh chap lien quan tdi hpp dong n^y Trong cac giao djch hgp dong giira cac ben se dupe giai quyet tai T6a an Hy Lap, iheo phap thupc cdc quoc tjch khac (con gpi la hpp d6ng luat Hy Lap2 Co the thay, tir thdi n^y, cac ben thuang m^i quoc te), vi?c cho phep cac ben tir giao ket hgp dong tu Ai Cap va Hy L^p da co the \\fz chpn phap luat dp dyng cho giao djch hpp ddng lira chgn luat ap dung thong qua vi?c l\ra chgn ngdn cua minh Id mgt quy djnh rat quan trgng dupe thira ngir the hi^n giao ket hpp dong cua minh Hien nay, phap luat cua nhieu qude gia cung co nh§n rpng rai tren the gidi h-ong cac dieu uac quoc te, ciing nhu cac d^o luat quoc gia Viec cac quy dinh ve quyen lira chpn phap luat ap dyng cho ben tu lyra chpn co ca so ve mat ly thuyet la hgp dong cua cac ben giao ket Chang han, khoan nguyen tac t\r giao ket hpp dong, theo do, cac Dilu 25 Luat Tu phap quoc te nam 2016 cua Han bSn giao ket hpp dong co quyen tu thoa thuan va Qude quy dinh: "Mdt hpp dong se dupe dieu chinh quyet dpoh nhflng v3n dl lien quan tai giao ket cua bdi phap luat ma cac ben lua chpn mpt each true minh, Nha nuac se khong can thlep vao su lua chgn tilp hoae ngu y" CQng tuong tir nhu vay, Dilu 116 Bp luat Tu phap qude te cua Lien bang Thyy ST va thoa thuan nay' Quyen l\ra chgn phap lu?t ap dung cua cac ben nam 1987 (sua ddi, bd sung nam 2007) quy djnh giao ket hgp dong thirc khong phai la van d£ mdi hpp ddng se dupe dieu chinh bang phap luat cac me Ngay tu khoang nhiing nam 120-118 trudc ben lua chpn Tai Viet Nam, khoan Dieu 683 Bd luat Dan su nam 2015 ghi nhan: "Cac ben Cong nguyen, mpt s5c l?nh ky ket giira Ai Cap va quan he hpp dong dupe thda thuan lira chgn phap Hy Lap da quy djnh rSng, n^u cac ben thoa thuan luat ap dung ddi vdi hgp ddng " Nhieu qude gia ring hpp d6ng giua hp dugc giao kSt bing tiing Ai khac ciJng cd cac quy dinh tuong tu Cap, thi tranh chap lien quan tdi hpp dfing se thinmg mai qu6c t^ theo thda thuan cua cac ben ri\n }/'iMy ifj I Ddn chLi & Phdp lu^t f S fpitj6fiUt4ii>A3Unha Cac quy djnh tuong tu phap lupt ciia nhieu qude gia da ddn tdi h? qua la cac dieu irdc quoc te, quyen lua chpn phap lupt ap dung cho hop dong ciia cac ben cung dupe quy djnh Dieu Cac quy tac ve l\ra chpn phap luat ap dpng hpp dong thuang mpi quoc te Hpi nghj La Hay ve tu phap quoc te ban hanh nim 2015 quy djnh; Mpt hpp dong dupe dieu chinh bdi phap luat cac ben Ipa chpn Cac ben cd the chpn phap luat ap dung ddi vdi toan bp hodc chi mpt phan cua hpp dong, phap lupt khac ap dyng vdi nhimg phan khac ciia hpp ddng Khdng can ed mdi hen he nao giira phap luat dupe ehpn va cac ben ky ket hoae giao djch cua hp Dieu Nghj djnh Rome nam 2008 cua Lien minli chau Au ve luat ap dyng cho nghia vy hpp dong ciing quy djnh hpp ddng dupe dieu chinh bdi lupt cac ben lua chpn - Htnh thirc cita thoa thuqn chgn phap luat: Ve ly thuyet, hpp ddng ed the dupe giao ket bdng ldi ndi, van ban hdpc bang hanh vi, nhung thudng m?i qude te, hpp ddng thudng dupe giao ket bdng vdn ban Vi vay, hinh thirc ciia thda thuan lua ehpn phap luat ap dyng cho hpp ddng cung phai dupe the hipn bang van ban Thue te, mpt ban hpp ddng thuong mpi quoc te thudng cd "dieu khoan lira ehpn luat ap dyng" (choice of law clause) Dieu khoan lua chpn luat dp dung cho phep mpt Tda an ap dung phap luat ctia qude gia dupe cac ben ky ket hpp ddng thda thuan lua chpn de giai quydt tranh chap phat sinh tir ban hpp ddng do, dii khdng phai la phap luat ctia qude gia cd Tda an Bang each dua vao hpp ddng didu khoan lira chpn luat ap dung, cac ben ky ket hop ddng da cho bidt luat nao se dupe ap dyng cho hpp ddng (hoae cho mpt npi dung cy the nao dd eiia hpp ddng dd) (!) day, yeu td "quyen tu giao ket hpp ddng" ciia I Odn chO & Phdp lu$t S