CV s092020047

THUC HEN PHAP LUAT NHONG DIEM Mdi CUA BO LUAT HJNH SIT NAM 2015 VE TOI PHAM XAM HAI TRE EM Do Dtrc HoDg Hk* NguySn Thj Thu TVang ** • TS Uy vien thuflng trUc Uy ban Tu* phap ctia Quoc hgi ** Khoa Luat - Quan ly nha nUdc, Tn/dng Dai hgc VSn hoa, The thao va Du ljch Thanh Hoa Thdng tin b^i VIL'I: Tu khda; Cac tpi xam h^i tre em, Bp lu$t Hinh s\rnSm 2015 Ljch sir bdi viel; Nhlnbii 07/01/2020 BiSn tfip 12/012020 Duy?t bii 14/01/2020 Article Infomation: K^ words; child abuse crimes; Criminal Code of 2015 Article History; Received Edited Approved : 07 Jan 2020 : 12 Jan 2020 : 14 Jan 2020 Tdm tk: Bp lu9t Hinh sy n i m 2015 dupc sua d6i, bo sung nfim 2017 (BLHS nSm 2015) da c6 nhieu quy djnh mdi nhSm xu ly nghiem ngudi ph^m cac tpi xSm hjii tr6 em B4i viet trinh biy, phSn tich nhftng quy djnh mdi nham gop p h ^ tuyen truyen, phd bien phdp luat vi qua dd gdp phan nang cao hifu q u i phdng, chong tpi ph^m xam h^i tre em d Vift Nam Abstract: The Criminal Code of 2015 was amended in 2017 (Criminal Code of 2015) with several new regulations to strictly punish the offenders of child abuse This article presents analysis of these new regulations for fiorther dissemination and communication of the law and thereby improvements of the effectiveness of prevention and fights of child abuse crimes in Vietnam Cdc quy djnh mdi ciia BLHS nam 2015 v^ tgi xSm pham sire khoe cua tre em /./ Quy dfnh ve tpi coy gdy thircmg tich hogc gdy ton hgi cho sue khde cda ngudi khdc Id tre em (Dieu 134 BLHS ndm 2015) Mpt Id Dieu 134 BLHS nam 2015 bd sung them cdc tinh tidt djnh tgi cau thdnh tgi phgm ca ban cua tdi nay, dd la: "Diing va khi, vdt lipu no; dung a-xit nguy hiem hodc hoa chdt nguy hiem; thdi gian dang bi giH, dang chdp hdnh dnphgt tu, dang chdp hdnh bipn phdp tuphdp gido due tgi truang gido duang hogc dang chdp hdnh bien phdp xu ly viphgm hdnh chinh dua vdo truang gido duang hodc dua vdo ca sa cai nghien bdt bupc" Didm mdi vira the hien tinh nghiem minh cua phap lu^t ddi vdi hanh vi pham tgi cd sir dyng cdc cdng cy, phuong tien ndu tren, vua gdp phdn xir ly nghiem ngudi pham tgi va dap ung ydu cau phdng, chdng tgi pham xam hai trd em Trong thdi gian qua, nhidu vy xam hai tre em cd sii dyng via khi, vat lieu nd; dimg a-xit nguy hiem hoac hda chat nguy hiem Hanh vi pham tdi vira thd hidn tinh da man, tan bao ciia ngudi pham tdi, vira cd kha nang gdy hau qua dac bi?t nghidm trgng, gay tam ly hoang sg cho nan nhan va S4 9(409)-T5/2020^LAP P H A P *' TtiUC TIEN PHAP LUAT ldm mat tr|l ty, an loan xa hgi Ben c?inh dd ngudi dang bj giir Id "ngudi dang chudn bi thuc hi^n tpi phgm rdt nghiem trpng hogc tpi phgm ddc bipt nghiim trpng; dd thirc hipn tpi phgm hogc bi nghi thirc hien tpi phgm ", ndu ngudi cdn cd hdnh \'i gay thuong tich hoac gay tdn hai cho sire khde cua ngudi khdc, nhdt Id cua tre em, chung Id hg cd y thuc coi thudng phdp luat, coi thudng tinh m ^ g , sire khde ciia ngudi khdc Do dd hg phdi bj xu ly n|ing hon so vdi trudng hgp thdng thudng Ddi vdi ngudi "dang chap hdnh dn phgl tii, dang chdp hdnh bipn phdp tuphdp gido due tgi truang gido duang hogc dang chdp hdnh bipn phdp xu ly vi phgm hdnh chinh dua vdo truang gido duang hogc dua vdo ca sa cai nghipn bdt bupc " la ngudi cd nhan than xau, cd tidn dn, tidn sy, hi dang thdi gian gido dye, cai t^o l^i tiep tyc pham lgi, chimg td y thuc edi tgo kem Vi vay, vi?c trimg trj nghiem ngudi phgm tgi tnrdng hgp la rat cdn Ihiet Hai Id, Didu 134 BLHS nam 2015 da: (i) Bd sung them tinh tiet lang nang djnh khung cau thdnh lgi pham tang ndng thu nhat cua tgi nay, dd la: "Gdy thuang tich hogc gdy ton hgi cho sice khde cda 02 ngudi tra lin md n" Ip tdn thtrang ca thi cua moi ngtcai tie 11% den 30%; phgm tpi 02 ldn tra lin; tdi phgm nguy hiim " (khoan 2); (ii) Bd sung Ihem linh tidt tdng nang dinh khung cau thdnh lgi pham tang nang thu hai cua tgi nay, dd Id: "Gdy thtrang tich hogc gdy ton hgi cbo sice khoe cua 02 nguai tra len md n' Ip ton thuang ca lhi cua moi nguai tie 11% den 30% nhung thupc mpt cdc truang hpp quy djnh tgi cdc diem tie diim a din diem k khodn Dieu ndy" (khoan 3) Quy djnh ndy vira bdo dam phan hda cao trach nhi?m hinh su tuong xiing vdi tinh chdt vd miic dg nguy hidm cho xa hgi ciia hdnh \i phgm lgi \Tia khdng bd Igt eac trudng hgp pham idi nguy hiem ^ L A P P H A P ^ ' sd 9(409) • T5/2020 Ba Id Didu 134 BLHS ndm 2015 da bo sung linh liel "Gm' thircmg tich ldm /"*'/' dgng vitng mgt cua nguai khdc nia /> J thuang ca the 61% tra len' (di-^^m ^ ^ ° ^ 4) la linh lidt lang n$ng djnh^khung^ nmh phgt Thyc le hi?n cho thay, nhteu yy gdy thuang tich vao m§t dd lgi di chiing, hgu qud rat ngng nd ve tam ly va the *=*i^*^"^ ngudi bj hgi Vi vgy, vice bd sung quy d^nh ndy nhdm xir ly nghiem khdc hom, tdng cudng tinh ran de ddi vdi cae tnrdng hgp co y gay diuang tich dnh hudng den tham my vd chdc ndng khac tren vung mat cua ngudi khdc, nhdl Id thdm my va chiic nang khdc trdn vung mat cua tre em 1.2 Quy dinh vi tpi vo y gdy thuomg tich hope gdy ton hgi cho sure khde cua ngudi khdc Id tre em (Dieu 138 BLHS ndm 2015) Mpt Id, khoan va khodn Dieu 138 BLHS nam 2015 da bd simg hai cau thdnh tgi phgm lang ngng, cy thd Id: "2 Phgm tpi thupc mpt cdc tnrcmg hpp sau ddy thi bi phgt til tic 03 thdng den 02 ndm: a) Doi vol 02 nguoi tra lin md ty Ip ton thuang ca the cua moi nguoi tic 31% den 60%; b) Gdy thuang tich hodc gdy ton hgi cho sice khoe cua nguoi khdc md ty li ton thuang ca the 61% tra len Phgm tpi ddi voi 02 ngudi trd' len md ty Ip tdn thuang ca the ciia mdi nguai 61% tra lin, thi biphgt cdi tgo khong giam giu tir 02 nam den 03 nam hogc phgt tit tie 01 ndm din 03 ndm " Quy djnh ndy vira nhdm xii ly nghiem khdc hon hanh vi pham tdi cdc trudng hgp ndu trdn, vira phan hda rd hon trach nhi?m hinh su cua ngudi pham tdi va tuang ximg han vdi tinh chat va muc dg nguy hidm cho xa hgi cua hdnh vi phgm lgi Hai la khodn Didu 134 BLHS ndm 2015 da sira tinh tiet djnh tgi -yd y g^y thuang tich hogc tdn hgi cho sire khoe ngudi khde md ty 1§ thuong tiit td 3]% • ten "trong cau thdnh tgi pham co ban ciia td^ THUC TIEN PHAP LUAT ndy dugc quy djnh tgi khodn Didu 108 BLHS ndm 1999 (vi tinh tiit ndy co thi bao gom cd trudrng hpp "vd y gdy thuang tich hogc gdy tdn hgi cho sue khoe cua ngudi khdc Id tre em md ty Ip ton thuang ca thi 61% tra lin ") thdnh "vd y gay thuang tich ho$c gay ldn hgi cho siic khde cua ngudi khdc la trd em md ty 1? tdn thuang co thd ttr 31% den 60%" (tinh tiit ndy khong bao gSm truang hpp "vo y gdy thuang tich hogc gdy tdn hgi cho sice khoe ciia ngudi khdc la tri em md ty Ip tdn thuang ca the 61% tra lin " vi trudng hgp "vd y gdy thucmg tich hogc gdy ton hgi cho sue khoe cua nguai khdc Id tre em md ty Ip tdn thucmg ca the 61% tra len" se bj xdt xir theo quy djnh tai didm b khodn vdi hinh phgt cao han la "tii tie 03 thdng din 02 ndm"^) Quy djnh vira nhdm xii ly nghiem khac hon hdnh vi pham tgi "vd y gdy thuang tich hogc gdy ton hgi cho site khde cda ngudi khdc Id tri em md ty Ip tdn thuong ca thi 61% tra lin", viia phdn hda rd han trdch nhi^m hinh sy ciia ngudi phgm tgi vd tirong xiing hon vdi tinh ch^t va mdc dg nguy hiem cho xa hgi cua hdnh vi phgm tgi (giua trudng hgp "vd y gay thucmg tich hogc gay tdn hgi cho sue khde cua ngudi khdc Id trd em ma ty 1? tdn thuong ca the tu 31 % den 60%" vdi Qoidng hgp "vd y gay thuong tich hogc gay tdn hgi cho sue khde cua ngudi khdc la tre em ma ty 1$ tdn Ihuong CO the 61% trd len") nhat ciia hinh phat cdi tgo khdng giam giu tu "mpt ndm " len thdnh "03 ndm "; bd sung hanh vi phgm tgi "hogc ldm nhgc ngudi Ig thudc minh neu khong thupc cdc truang hpp quy dinh tgi Dieu 185 cua Bp ludt ndy" vdo cau thdnh tgi phgm co ban cua tgi nay; (ii) Bd sung vdo khoan Didu tinh tidt tang ndng djnh khung "Gdy rdi Iogn tdm than vd hdnh vi cua ngn nhdn md ty Ip tdn thucmg ca the 31% tra lin" Quy djnh ndy vita khdng bd Igt lgi pham, vua nham xii ly nghidm khac ban hanh vi pham tgi cdc trudng hgp ndu tren, phan hda rd hon trdch nhidm hinh su cua ngudi phgm t^i va tuong ximg han vdi tinh chat vd miic dg nguy hidm cho xa hgi eua hdnh vi phgm lgi, ddp ung ydu cau dau tranh phdng, chdng lgi phgm xdm hgi Ire em Hai Id Didu 140 BLHS ndm 2015, bd tinh tidt tang ngng djnh khung "phgm tpi doi v&i nguai tdn tdf, nhung lai bo sung tinh tiet tang nang djnh khung "phgm tpi vtn nguai dm dau hogc nguai khdc khdng cd khd ndng tie ve" (didm a khodn 2) Quy djnh ndy vira nham md rgng ddi tugng can dugc bdo vd dac bidt, viia nham xii ly nghidm minh ngudi pham tgi cac trudng hgp vd bdo V? cd hidu qud han nhirng ngudi "yiu lhi", nhat Id bdo ve cd hidu qua hon siic khde cua tre em Quy dinh cua BLHS nam 2015 v^ t$i xdm pham nhan pbam, danh dir ciia tr^ em 2.1 Quy dinh ve tpi hiep ddm nguoi 1.3 Quy djnh ve tpi hdnh hg ngudi khdc Id tri em (Dieu 140 BLHS nam 2015) dudi 16 tudi (Diiu 142 BLHS ndm 2015) Mpt Id, khodn va khodn Didu 142 Mpt Id, Didu 140 BLHS nam 2015 da: (i) Bd hinh phgt cdnh cdo, lang mirc cao BLHS nam 2015 da bd simg 02 tinh tidt tang Theo quy djnh t ^ khoan Dieu 108 Bp lu^t Hinh s\t nam 1999, vo y gay thuong tich hoac tdn hai cho sure khoe ciia ngudi khac ma ty 1? thuang t$t 61 % trd len ciJng chi bi xu phat nhu trudng hpp "vd y gay thuong tich ho|c gSy tdn h?i cho siic khoe cua ngudi khac ma ty I? thuong tat tir 31 % trd len" va dSu chi la "ph^l canh c6o, cdi t^o khong giam giu den hai nam ho^c phat tii tu ba thing den hai nam" Quy djnh vira khdng bao dam cdng bSng, khdng tucmg xung vdi tinh chit va miic dp nguy hiem cho xa hpi ciia hanh vi phfun t$i, viia khdng p h ^ hda rd trdch nhipm binh s\i ciia ngudi pham Ipi ^._,^,^^ _, •,.,_ ^.,.,^ , _, , NGHIEN CVU I An THUC TIEN PHAP LUAT ngng djnh khung "Gdy thuang ti'ch, gdy ton hgi cho sire khde hodc gdy roi loan ldm thdn vd hdnh vi cua ngn nhdn md ty Ip tdn thucmg ca the tic 31% din 60%" vd "Gdy thuang tich gdy tdn hgi cho sue khde hogc gdy rdi Iogn tdm thdn vd hdnh vi cua ngn nhdn md ty Ip tdn thuang ca the 61% tra lin" Ddi \'di hai tinh liet lang ngng dinh khung ndy ddi hdi hgu qud bat bugc Id ldm cho nan nhdn bj lam than hogc cd nhirng bidu hi?n hanh vi khdng dn djnh, dien bien ldm ly bat ihudng vdi ty I? nhdl djnh ni 31 % trd len vd vigc xdc djnh ly 1? % phai co quan gidm dinh phdp y kdl ludn Vi?c bd sung 02 linh tiet lang ngng djnh khung tgi hiep dam ngudi dudi 16 tuoi, khdng nhirng nham xii ly nghidm ngudi phgm tgi cdc Irudng hgp ndy, md cdn gdp phan ngan chgn hdnh vi xam hgi tre em vd bdo ve ed hi?u qud hon ngudi dudi 16 tudi Hai Id khoan Dieu 142 BLHS nam 2015 cdn bd sung tinh liet tang ngng djnh khung "phgm tpi ddi vai ngucri duoi 10 tudr vao, vdi khung hinh phat "tit 20 ndm, td chung thdn hogc lie hinh" Quy djnh mdi ndy khdng nhiing phan hda ro ban trach nhi?m hinh sy ddi vdi cdc trudng hgp giao cau hodc thyc hi?n hdnh vi quan hg tinh dye khdc ddi vdi ngudi dudi 10 tudi (so vdi cac tmdng hgp giao cau hodc thyc hidn hdnh vi quan he tinh dye khdc doi vdi ngudi tir dii 10 ludi den dudi 13 tudi) nhdm xir ly nghiem ngudi pham lgi cdc trudng hop ma cdn gdp phan ngan chdn hdnh vi xam hgi tre em va bao ve cd hidu qua hon ngudi dudi 10 tudi 2.2 Quy djnh ve tpi ddm d doi vdi ngudi dudi 16 tudi (Bieu 146 BLHS ndm 2015) Ddi vdi tgi dam d ddi vdi ngudi dudi 16 tudi khodn vd khodn Dieu 146 BLHS ndm 2015 da cy the hda cac linh tidt tang ngng djnh khung cd tinh djnh tinh la "gdy c n I NOHltN CVU I **** L A P PHAP / s 9(409)-T5/2020 hgu qud nghiem trpng", "gdy hgu qud rat nghiem Irpn^" vd "gay hgu qud dgc bip nghiim trpng" lgi khodn va khodn Dieu 116 BLHS nam 1999, cac tinh tidt lang ngng djnh khung cd tinh djnh lugng 1^ "