CV s102020046

THUC TIEN PHAP LUAT PHAP LUAT VE PHONG NGUTA VA IJMG PHO BAO LOC CAN THIEP GIANI HAI VA HOA NHAP CONG DONG CHO NGI/01 BAN DAM< Phan Th} Lan Huvng* • TS Ttudng Dai hpc Luat Ha Npi Th»ng tin hk\ viel: Tir khoa: Ngudi ban dam; hba nh$p cOng dong; ph&p lu$l ve phdag ngira vk ling ph6 b^o I^c Ljch sti bai viet; Nh?nbfti : 07/01/2020 Bient^p 12/012020 Duy?tbii l4'01/2020 lomrai: y Mdi dam Ik ho^t dpng trai phip lu^t a Yi?t Nam, nhung ngu&i bia dam li d6i tugng chju nhieu nii m ve bjio l^rc, co nguy ca J, mac b?nh truydn nhUm cao Ben c^nh vi?c ban hanh cic ch^ ^ xu ly doi vdi boat dong m^i dim, phip lu^t can dirpc tiep c ^ dmH g6c dO quy^n nguiri xoa bo cic hinh thuc b?o lyre doi vci phy nu li mpt cic yeu cau de dim bio quyen cua phy DU n6i chung vi quyen ciia ngudi bin dam n6i nfing Tuy nhien, phip Iu?t Vi?t Nam c6n ton t?i nhieu khoing tron| ph6ng ngiia vi ung ph6 b^o lyc, can thi?p giam h^ii va ho trp h6a nh^p cpng dong cho ngudi bdn dim Article Infomation: Key words: Sex workers; community integration; legal regulations on prevention and response to violation abstract: Prostitution is an illegal activity in Viet Nam, but sex workers are subject to high risks of violence and infectious diseases Along with issuance of legal sanctions against prostitution activity, the legal regulations need to be approached on the perspective of the humanrights,elimination of violence against women is one of requirements to ensure the rights of women in general and the rights of female sex workers in particular However, there are still gaps in legal regulations of "Vietnam on prevention and response to violence, interventions for harm reduction and community integration supports for sex workers Article History: Received : 07 Jan 2020 : 12 Jan 2020 Ediled : 14 Jan 2020 Approved H i?n nay, Viet Nam cd khodng 161.000 CO sd kinh doanh dich vu nhay cam vdi sd lugng ldn ngudi lao dgng lam viec vd ddi dien vdi cdc nguy eo cao bi vi pham quyen cua ngudi lao dgng^ Hogt dgng mai dam d Viet Nam dugc coi la bdt hpp phap, dd ngudi bdn dam phai ddi ' di?n vdi nhirng nguy co cao bi bao luc, bj xam hai ve quyen, vd thuc tien cho thdy hg thudng khdng tim kidm cdc bien phap phap ly bdo ve chinh thiic Ngudi ban dam la iihdm cd nguy ea cao mac HIV/AIDS va cdc benh lay truySn qua dudng tinh dye va chinh nhdm ddi tugng ndy cd nguy ca ldm lay lan Bai vi£t dupc thyc hi?n vdi s^r ho trp tai chinh vi ky thuat ciia Trung Iam ho trp sang ki^n phai tnkn cpng ddng (SCDI) va Cyc Phong, ch6ng t? n ^ xa bpi - Bp Lao dgng, Thuang binh va Xa hpi "Giam Thi^u Tic H^i Trong Mai Dam - Bao Dam an Toin, Sue Khoe va Quyen Con Ngudi.- accessed No\ember 17 2018; http:/'wv.-w.molisa.gov.vnVi?ages/ChiTiet.aspx?IDNews=25327 AC I NGHltN CUU / — ^ ^ LAP PHAP_/SA10(410)-T5/2020 THUC TIEN PHAP LUAT nhiing ngudi bdn dam cd the la ngn nhan cua cac tdi phgm nhu: Tdi hidp ddm (Dieu 141); Tdi hiep dam ngudi dudi 16tu6i(Didu 142); Tdi cudng dam (Dieu 143); Tgi cuong dam ngudi tu du 13 mdi ddn dudi 16 tudi ODidu 144); Toi sii dyng ngudi dudi 16 tudi vao muc dich khieu dam (Dieu 147); Tgi mua ban ngudi (Dieu 150) Tuy nhien, xuat phdt ttr quan diem hdnh vi ban dam Id hdnh vi trdi phdp lugt va khong cd tinh chit ep bugc, hay cudng ep quan h? tinh dye nen ngudi bdn dam thudng khdng dugc cho la ngn nhan ciia cdc tgi hiep ddm vd cudng dam Dgc bipt, ngudi bdn dam thudng cd tam ly mac cam, xau hd vd khdng ddm td cdo vdi CO quan cd tham quyen ve cdc vy vipc bao lyc cd lien quan den hg Ngudi bdn dam cd the Id bi bgo lyc ve kinh te hay tinh than tir ngudi mua ddm, cd nhdn, td chiic bao ke mgi dam, mdi gidi mgi dam hay lgi dyng hoat dgng kinh doanh dich vu de kinh doanh mai dam Hien phdp nam 2013 khdng djnh mgi cdng dan cd quyen sdng, quyen duoc bdo ddm an toan ve tinh mgng, siic khde, than the, danh dy, nhan phim Cac quydn hi§n djnh ndy da dugc cy thd hda Bp lugt Dan sy nam 2015 Tuy nhien, tren thyc te cd nhimg hanh vi nhu gay dp luc ve kinh te, vi dy cho vay tiSn va gay dp lire khidn hg phai ban dam de tra ng va lai, thi hanh vi dd cd dugc coi la bgo lyc kinh te khong va cd quyen yeu cau bao ve theo Bp luat Dan su khdng? Trong trudng hgp ngudi bdn dam bi bao lyc vd thd chdt vd muc cua thucmg tich cd /./ Ve phdng ngira vd ung phd bgo luc thd yeu cdu phap ludt bao ve theo quy dinh cua Didu 134 BLHS nam 2015: Tdi co y gay doi v&i ngu&i bdn ddm thuong tich hoac gay tdn hgi cho siic khde Theo quy dinh cua Bg luat Hinh sy nam ciia ngudi khac 2015, sua ddi nam 2017 (BLHS nam 2015), cdc b?nh cgng ddng Ty 1? ngudi ban dam nhiem HIV Id tii 2,6-4,5% va ty 1? nhidm cdc b?nh ldy truyen qua dudng tmh dye la tu 210%^ Tuy nhien, ngudi bdn dam thudng khd tiep cgn cac djch vy hh trg (djch vu cham sdc y te, djch vy trg giiip phap ly), cac chuang trinh can thi?p hd trg hda nhgp cgng dong Thyc tien cho thdy, sau 16 nam thuc hien, Phdp l?nh phdng, chong mai dam nam 2003 (Phdp !?nh nam 2003) da bgc 10 nhieu han che, bit cgp gSy anh hudng den cdng tac phdng, chong mgi ddm d nude ta hi$n nay; chua c6 chinh sdch, bien phap toan dien de bao V? ngudi ban dam trudc nguy co bj bgo lyc; va ede hi?n phdp can thifp, hd trg hda nhgp cgng d6ng cho ngudi bdn dam chua cd hi$u qud Trong nhung nam qua, Yi^t Nam da thyc hi?n nhieu chuang trinh cd lien quan din phdng, chdng mai ddm, can thi$p gidm hgi va ho trg ngudi bdn dam tai hda nhgp c^ng d^ng Tuy nhien, vdi tinh hinh gia tang ty 1? ngudi bdn dam, gia tang sd lugng cac CO sd kinh doanh dich vy nhay cam, thi vi|c ddnh gid quy djnh cua phap luat hien hanh va thyc tien thyc hi?n cdc hogt ddng, chuong trinh cd lien quan ddn phdng, chdng mai dam, can thi?p giam hai va hd tro hda nhgp cpng dong, qua dd de xuat cac gidi phap hodn thifn chinh sdch, phdp lugt se cd y nghTa quan trgng viec bao ve quyen ciia ngudi ban dam, h6 trg hg hda nhap cdng dong, gdp phan thay doi quan niem, xda bd djnh kien ve ngudi bdn dam I Quy dinh hifn hanh ve phong ngua va ung phd bao ly-c, can thifp giam hai va hda nhap c$ng dong cho ngudi ban dam Theo Bio cao giim sit trpng diSm cua Cyc Phdng, chong HIV/AIDS va Vien Da lilu Trung ucmg, S6lO(410)-T5/202o\ NOHifeN eiru I h'l LAP P H A P ^' THUC TIEN PHAP LUAT 1.2 Ve ho tr^giam hgi cho ngudi bdn dam Cac quy djnh hipn hanh Hen quan ddn can thipp gidm hgi cho ngudi ban dam ciing ehua du^rc ddy dii \'d todn dipn Trudc nam 2011, ngudi bdn dam dugrc dp dyng theo bipn phap dua vdo co sd chua bpnh dk didu trj va phyc hoi nhdn pham theo quy djnh tgi Nghj djnh so 135/2004/ND-CP Trong thai gian chua bpnh vd phyc hdi nhan pham d Trung tdm, ngudi bdn dam dugc trg cap ve y te, hgc nghe, hgc vdn hod, mua sdm \at dyng cd nhan can thiet vd tham gia lao dgng dugc hudng tien cdng lao dgng theo djnh miic lao dgng ciing ket qua cdng vipc hoan thdnh tham gia lao dgng Lugt Xii ly vi phgm hdnh chinh nam 2012 (Lugt Xii ly VPHC) da bd bipn phdp bugc dua vao co sd ehira bpnh de dp dyng ddi vdi ngudi bdn dam Dgc bipt, Phdp Ipnh Phdng, chong mgi dam ciing khdng quy djnh bdt ky bipn phdp can thipp gidm hgi dp dyng cho ngudi ban dam, vi dy nhu bipn phap ho trg, chdm sdc y te, trg giiip phdp ly cho ngudi bdn dam - Quyen dugc h-g giiip phdp ly cua ngudi bdn dam ciing chua duge ddm bdo Theo quy djnh eiia Dieu Lugt Trg giiip phdp ly nam 2017, ngudi bdn ddm chi cd the dugc trg giiip phap ly neu thudc hg nghdo (khodn 2); ngudi bj nhiem HIV cd khd khan ve tdi chinh (khodn 7) Nhu vdy, neu ngudi ban dam khdng thugc dipn hg ngheo hogc khdng bj nhiem HIV se khdng thugc ddi tugng dugc trg giiip phap ly mien phi - Quyen dugc cham sdc y te la mdt nhung quyen co bdn ciia ngudi can phdi duge bdo vp md khdng cd sy phan biet ddi xu hay ky thj Hipn nay, chua cd mgt van ban ^^ quy djnh cy th^ ve chinh sach '=h^^°^ij^ vd tidp cgn cdc djch vy ho trg khac