Quảng bá tác phẩm văn học trên báo chí quốc ngữ nam bộ cuối thế kỷ XIX đầu thế kỷ XX

CHUYEN MUC VAN HOC - NGON NGO' HOC - N G H I E N CLfU VAN H A NGHE THUAT QUANG BA TAC P H A M VAN HOC TREN BAO CHi QU6C NGy NAM BO CU6l THg KY XIX OAU TH^ KY XX NGUYiN TH! TRUC BACH' Sy ddi va phat trien cua bao chi cd y nghTa quan trpng ddi song van hda xa hpi Nam Bp vao euoi the ky XIX dau the ky XX Cae hinh thire quang ba hang hda, san pham tren bio chi giai doan niy da xac lap nhirng vj the mdi cho dpc gii - ngudi tieu diing xa hpi vdi su bien thong tin vi khuyen khich tieu dung xa hoi Tie pham vin hoc vdi tu cich la san pham van hda, cung duac quang bi rong rai tren bao chi, ma cupc giao luu giira tic gia va eong Chung, gdp phan khong nhd vio su phat then cua van hpe thdi ky Tren ca sd sir lieu, bii viet de cap den cic hinh thirc quang ba tic pham van hoc thong dung tren bio ehi quoc ngCr Nam Bp giai doan Tir khda: quang eio bio chi, t i e pham van hpe, bio chi qu6e ngu Nam Bp Nhan bii ngiy: 29/8/2019; dua vio bien tap: 1/9/2019; phin bien: 7/9/2019; duy$t dang: 4/11/2019 KHAI LU-gc ve s y IW Dcn VA n i y chii yeu diing de bien eong PHAT TRlfiN COA BAO CHl QU6C v i n , nghi djnh ciia chinh quyin thuc NGU* NAM BO dan Phip vdi ngudi d i n thupc dja Trudc b i e ehi qu6c ngu adi, tif n i m 1861 1864 thye d i n Phip d i x u i t ban ba td b i o : Le Bulletin officiel de I'Expedition de la Cochinchine (Nam Ky Vien chinh Cong bao); Le Bulletin des Communes {Thon Xa Cong bao); va Le Courrier de Saigon (Sa/ Gon Thdi bao) NhO'ng td bao Vifen Khoa hpe xa hoi vCing Nam B$ Sau met thdi gian phit hinh bio Phip ngu' v i H i n ngu' tai Nam Bp, Phip nhan b i o chi chua thu hut su chu y ciia t o i n xa hpi Thdi diem niy dai da s6 ngudi d i n ban xir chua biet tiing Phap, b i o chu' Han ehi biin gidi quan lai trieu Nguyin v i so it tri thu'c nho hpe Do nhung trd ng?i dd, thyc dan P h i p quyit djnh cho ddi b i o quoc ngu' The ky XIX chu' quoc ngO- chua d u y c dung rpng rai NGUYEN THI T R O C BACH - Q U A N G BA TAC PHAM VAN HOC x i hpi, m i chu yeu duye dung in s i c h truyin dao Cong giio, pham vi luu h i n h chi han e h i d e i c n h i thd Gia Binh Bao la t d b i o q u i c ngu' d i u tien ddi v i o n g i y 15/4/1865 tai S i i Gon, Ernest Petteau chiu trach nhiem xuat ban v i phit hinh N g i y 16/9/1869, Do doc Ohier ky quyit djnh giao quyin g i i m d i e t d Gia Binh Bao cho Truo'ng Vinh Ky Ban bien tap g i m cd Huynh Tjnh Cua, Ton Thp Tudng, Trucng Minh Ky Ban d i u , dudi s y phu trach cua Ernest Potteau, td Gia Binh Bao chu y i u d i n g edng van, nghi dinh ciia chinh phu, tin tuc nude Tif nam 1869 trd v i sau, dudi s y d l i u h i n h eua Truang VTnh Ky npi dung b i o phong phii hen T d b i o g i m p h i n chinh: Cong vu, Ngoii Cong vu, Thip vu v i Quang e i o Phia dudi ten b i o ed muc Tom lai nhu phan muc lue Phin Cong vu chii y i u dang edng van, nghj djnh, b i i d i i n van (dich tir v i n b i n tiing Phip sang q u i c ngu) eua chinh phu Phip v i thdi sy nyde Phin Ngoii eong vu l i nhO'ng thdng tin thdi s y v i vat g i i nhu g i i gao, g i i lua, t h u i d i t dai, dua ngya Nhyng thong tin n i y dpi duye v i i t vdi tinh c h i t d y d e i n hay binh luan nham thu hut dpc g i i Muc Thir vu thydng dang nhu'ng s i n g t i c hoac b i i khae eu'u Cuei cung l i muc Quang c i p Gia Binh Bio vdi ehu tryyng ban dau l i t d edng b i o , v i sau d u y c g i n them nhu'ng s u menh khic nhu CO dpng cho l i i hpe mdi, phit trien chii' quoc ngu", khuyen khich dai Chung hpe ehu' quSc ngu' Sau Gia Binh Bao, thing 12 n i m 1868 Phan Yen Bao^^'' ta ddi (Phan Yen la co danh thinh Gia Djnh ngiy tryde) dudi s y d l i u hanh cua Diep Van Cuyng Day l i mpt nhtpng td tuan bao eua t y nhin dau tien Ve npi dung va hinh thire, td Phan Yen Bao g i n vdi Gia Binh Bao D i n g tiic, b i e x u i t ban dyge khoang b i y t i m so thi bj dinh ban Theo Bang Giang (1992: 32) d i y l i "td b i e quie ngir dau tien bj c i m d Nam Ky" Nguyen nhin chinh bi dinh ban b i o dang loat b i i "Don c i n Arehimede" cua t i c gia Cuing ST mang npi dung "chi trich ccng khai chinh s i c h thyc d i n Phip" (Huynh Van Teng, 1973: 56) N i m 1883, Phap cho phit hinh tuin b i p spng ngu' Phip - Viet Nhit Trinh Nam Ky B i o ehu y i u thdng tin edng v i n , nghj djnh eua n h i cam quyin Trong so c i e nyde thupc dja Phip ehi cc d Vipt Nam mdi ee logi b i o song ngu' Day cung l i trudng hyp d i e biet trcng Ijch sir b i o ehi cua Viet Nam nci chung Nam Bp ndi rieng Giai dpan nu-a c u i i t h i ky XIX, ben eanh nhirng t d b i e Phip ngl>, H i n ngu v i spng ngt^ Phip - Viet thi tai Nam Bp ehi cd ba t d b i o q u i c ngu duye phit hinh l i Gia Binh Bao (1865), Phan Yen Bao (1868) v i Thong Loai Khda Trinh (1888) Cd t h i noi, b i o q u i e ngu chiim mpt ty le kha khiem ten khpang 1/5 so vdi t i n g so bao P h i p ngir x u i t ban d Nam Bp trudc the ky XX Cuoi the ky XIX, b i o chi Nam Bp chju anh hudng true tiep eua Luat t y TAP CHl KHOA HQC XA HQl so 11 (255)2019 b i o ehi, cd hieu lye tai Viet Nam tir 22/9/1881 Chinh phO Phip thira n h i n quyin t y i n hinh s i c h bao d Nam Bp Theo D l i u 5, t i t ca c i c Ipai b i p se phit hanh khpng e i n su chp phep trudc, khcng can ky quy du l i b i o Phap ngO', H i n ngu- hay q u i c ngu P h i p tin ring d i y la bp luat vu'a edi m d vua an t c i n v i mat p h i p ly Thye t i , nhung ngudi heat dpng bao ehi CO tinh t h i n yeu nude thdi ky n i y d i dya v i o Luat ty b i o ehi edng khai chong doi ehu nghTa thyc d i n tren d i i n d i n b i o chi Ngiy 30/12/1898, chinh quyin Phip sac lenh b i o ehi vdi npi dung g i n nhu hoin t o i n doi lap vdi dao luat ty b i o chi ban h i n h ngiy 29/7/1881 Nhung dliu khoan eua S i c lenh cho thay Phip td can trpng vdi n i n bao ehi thupc dja v i s y ddi cua nd nham k i i m s c i t , quan ly c h i t han b i o chi quie ngu' Tren thye t i , hai t h i p nien dau eua t h i ky XX, s i c lenh b i o chi thye s y la trd lye doi vdi n i n b i o chi q u i c ngu' Thye d i n Phip dya v i o dd d i ngan can sy ddi cua b i p chi quie ngu' B i o chi q u i c ngy giai dean n i y chu y i u ngudi Phip sing l i p , chiu trich nhiem x u i t ban va ngudi Viet giu vai trd ehu but Tieu biiu nhu td Ndng Co MIn Bam ddi vao nam 1901, ehu nhin l i Canavaggio (ngydi Phip), chu but l i Luang Khae Ninh t u DO Thue; Luc Tinh Tan Van phit h i n h nam 1907, chu n h i n la F.H Schneider (ngudi Phip g i e Dire), chii but l i Tran Nhat T h i n g (tii'c G Chiiu); Cong Luan Bao x u i t ban nam 1916, ehu nhan l i Lueien Heloury (ngudi Phap), chu but l i Truang Duy Toan Vdi nhu'ng td bao ke tren, ngudi sing lap b i p ehu y i u cd vai trd t i l chinh v i phip ly, hp khdng nhit thiit tryc tiip tham gia v i p nhu'ng hpat dpng viit bap Cpn ehu but thudng la nhin vat ed tiing eiia ling bae, la ngudi chju trich nhiem dpc va duyet b i i Tuy nhien, trpng q u i trinh hoat ddng, viee thay doi ngudi chii but ciia bao eung thudng xuyen d i i n TO' nam 1920, tinh hinh b i o ehi quoc ngu tai Nam Bp cd nhu'ng chuyen biin d i n g ke A Sarraut d i xudng vipe m d rpng n i n b i p chi thupc dia va quyit dting bao ehi de cai biin x i hpi Vdi dng: "mpt t d b i o , mpt ngpn but, de edn ed c i i nguyen dpng lye nie bing" (Warn Nir Gidi Chung, sp 14 10/9/1930) Viec c i p giiy phep phit hinh b i e chi quoc ngir dyac md rpng tu' thdi diem niy NhO'ng ngudi sing l i p b i o q u i c ngu giai doan niy gom ca ngudi P h i p v i ngudi Viet, song chii y i u l i ngudi Viet M i l s i b i o trudc phit hinh d i u phai thdng qua Ty K i i m duyet N h i bio Nguyin Van Ba - chu but bio Than Chung nam 1929 b i i "Nhyt bio nude ta" ( s i 61 n g i y 3/4/1929) cho biet, b i o ehi Nam Bp thdi n i y ed t h i ehia ba loai chinh: loai tu ban Tay Au l i m chO nhu Impard, Trung L$p, Opinion, C6ng Luan Bao, Le Courrer Saigonais ; loai eua dao Cdng g i i o nhu Nam Ky Bia Ph$n ; NGUYEN TH! T R U C BACH - Q U A N G BA TAC PHAM VAN HOC loai thii' ba l i b i o Annam nhu Buoc Nha Nam, Phu Nir Tan Van, Indochinoise, L'Annam Logi thu ba p h i n Idn ngudi Viet l i m chii nen "bio hoac de binh vuc quyin lai Annam, hoac d i truyin ba cho dan Annam nhu'ng t u tudng mdi dep", edn hai leal chii y i u ngudi nude ngoii dam trich nen b i o c i t d i "binh vyc quyin lyi T i y Au" Thee eich p h i n loai eua Nguyen Van B i , nhu'ng td b i o thupc loai ba cd: Nam Ky Kinh Te Bao (1920), Bong Phap Thdi Bao (1923), Tan The Ky (1926), Buoc Nhi Nam (1928), Than Chung (1929), Phu Ni} Tan Van (1929), Nam NO' Gidi Chung (1930), Long Giang Bpc Lap (1930), Nam Ky The Thao (1930) thdi gian ngan thi dinh ban D i u sau dd mpt s i t d d y a c tuc ban T d Nam Ky Kinh Te Bao s i b i o thu nhit phit h i n h 27/10/1920 k i t thuc 21/2/1924; t d Bong Phap Thdi Bao ta ddi ngiy 2/5/1923 k i t thuc 31/12/1927; t d Trung Lap Bao phit h i n h ngiy 16/1/1924 dinh ban ngiy 30/5/1933 Rieng t d Phu Nir Tan Van, Long Giang Bpc Lap tirng bj dinh b i n mpt thdi gian r i i tuc ban B i o chi q u i c ngu thdi i y bj dinh b i n ehu y i u hai nguyin nhan chinh Nguyen nhan thu nhit l i b i o q u i c ngu y i u ve t i i chinh Nguyen nhan thir hai l i b i o bj n h i c i m quyin bupe dinh b i n vi ly dp chinh trj, day l i nguyen nhan p h i b i i n nhit Tie 1920 d i n 1930 d S i i Gon, trung binh m i l n i m ed tU' hai d i n ba td b i e quoc ngu ddi Tuy nhien, nhu'ng n h i b i o t i m huyit v i yeu nude thdi i y cho rang b i o chi it 61, khong dii d i p irng nhu cau xa hpi Chu but b i o Nam Nir Gidi Chung b i i "Tinh hinh b i e gidi d xir ta ngiy nay" s i 14 n g i y 10/9/1930 viet: "Thu" xem lai mpt nude nhu nude ta d i n s i cd han hai muai trieu m i ve b i e chuang thi chi x a cd m i y t d b i o quen Mpt nude nhu nude ta ngiy nay, mot dan tpc nhu dan tpc ta ngiy nay, so bao chyang v i n It 61 nhy t h i , thi thir hoi thdi dai sau n i y nyde phdng ed cudng dang ehing" Theo ehiing tdi, s d dT b i o chi quie ngu' phia Nam it, ly chinh tir s y k i i m duyet cua n h i cam quyin, nhieu t d b i o ddi v i hoat dpng mot Sp vdi hai t h i p nien d i u t h i ky XX, s i luang b i e quie ngu' d thip nien thu ba tang g i p ba l i n B i o chi giai doan n i y p h i t trien manh v i s i luang l i n chit lugng Ben eanh s y phit trien cua bao chi, v i n hpe quie ngy nei Chung, t i i u thuyit ndi rieng cung tifng bude p h i t trien Cd the ndi, giai doan phit triin eiia b i o chi quie ngu cung l i thdi ky d i u nd rp eua van hpe quie ngu' Nam Bp Chung tdi nhin t h i y s i luang t i e p h i m t i i u thuyet, doan thien tieu thuyit, phe binh v i n hoc ddi v i x u i t hien tren b i o t i p trung n h i t v i o nhu'ng n i m 1920 Cho d i n nay, gidi hpe thuat thya n h i n su ddi v i p h i t then eua bao chi q u i c ngu' Nam Bo cd t i e dpng da chiiu d i n ddi s i n g van hda x i hpi va cd y nghTa d i e biet doi vdi tiin trinh hien dai hoa van hpe Viet Nam TAP CHl KHOA HOC XA HOI s6 11 (255) 2019 CACH THIJC Q U A N G BA TAC thi b i t d i u x u i t hien ngcn ngu' quang PHAM VAN HOC TREN BAO CHi c i p dudi hinh thue viet sa khai QU6C N G O NAM Bp Tryde dd tir r i t lau d Viet Nam da co C u i i the ky XIX d i u XX, b i e ehi quie ngu' l i phuang tien hieu qua d i quang b i t i e pham van hpe Bing e i c hinh thu'c quang e i o , d i n g tai t i i u thuyit d i i k^i, gidi thieu v i binh phim t i c p h i m mdi, b i o chi d i kich heat n h i van sang t i c , l i m d i y dpi ngu nha van, dua t i c pham d i n vdi edng chung 2.1 Quang b i du'di hinh thirc quang eio N i n b i o chi Viet Nam ndi chung Nam Bp ndi rieng chju anh hudng ciia b i e chi Ptiip Til' cich t i chire tea span d i n eich d l i u phii trang muc ciia nhung t d b i e Phip ngu, H i n ngu v i Viet ngu xuit ban tai S i i Gen giai doan c u i i t h i ky XIX d i u XX phan Idn mo phdng thee b i o Phip Trpng dd, hien tuang b i o chi g i n vdi quing e i o l i mpt nhirng biiu hien md phdng rd net nhit C/ P h i p v i o n i m 1835, ehu nhin td Presse ( B i e ehi) l i dng Emil de Giraden l i n d i u tien dua khii niem b i o chi vdi t u eich l i phuang tien thong tin dai chung gan liin vdi quang e i o , s y g i n k i t l i m t i n g hieu qua kinh t i cho t d b i o (!)ng chp ring t d b i o m u i n ed kinh t i vyng chic thi e i n x i c l i p m i l quan he giua b i p chi v i kinh t i , tire quan he giCra bao chi v i quang e i o T d Constitutionel (Hiin phip) v i lllustrationel (Hpa b i o ) l i nhu'ng td b i o dau tien cua Phip dang quang e i o O Viet Nam v i o euoi t h i ky XIX, tu' bae chi quic ngu' ddi dang ngon ngu quang e i o bing Idi ndi, dd l i Idi rao ciia nhu'ng ngudi b i n hing Ldi rac luc d i u chi mang tinh chat thdng tin thuan tiiy (bio tin cho ngudi tieu diing biet s y hien hiru ciia hing hda), v i sau Idi rao mdi co tinh chat quang e i o (gidi thieu san pham, uu t h i , d i e diem h i n g hda ) Bip chi quoc ngu' Nam Bp chpn phuang thirc d i n g quang e i o cho nhu'ng doanh nghiep, e i nhan cd yeu c i u de t i n g lai nhuan, md rpng so lugng p h i t h i n h Ngay til' s i b i o dau tien cua Gia Binh Bao, Nong Co Min Bam, Luc Tinh Tan Van da xuit hipn mye/trang quang e i o V i o nhu'ng thap nien d i u t h i ky XX, eac doanh nghiep Idn tai S i i Gon thudng ehpn mpt hpae hai td b i o q u i c ngu de quang ba thuang hieu: nha thuoc Nhj Thlin Oudng ban d i u ehpn t d Ndng Co Min Bam, sau Wong Co Min Bam dinh ban thi chuyen sang Bong Phap Thdi Bao; sua tre em Nestle chpn t d Phu Nu Tan Van H i n g hpa quing c i e tren b i e chi q u i e ngu r i t da dang: thuoc bo, t h u i c chira benh, hieu may, trang sire, my pham, sii'a luang thye, n h i m i y xay lua, n h i hit, n h i in, nha x u i t ban D i e biet b i o chi quie ngu' Nam Bp quang e i o s i c h , bie, truyen mdi x u i t ban r i t nhieu Quang e i o tren b i o chi q u i c ngu' giai doan d i u khong chi phan i n h y thuc heat dpng kinh t i ciia b i o chi, ma eon cd y nghTa d i i vdi s y phit trlin cua NGUYEN TH! TROC BACH - CiUANG BA TAG PHAM VAN HQC e i c loai san p h i m , dd eo s i n p h i m v i n hpe Quang e i o b i o chi gop p h i n khong nho qua trinh hien dai hda v i n hpe, thu hut v i m d rpng dpc gia b i o ehi, van hpe Buoi d i u muc Quang e i o tren td Gia Binh Bao bang hinh thirc Idi rao: "Ldi rao N h i in b i n sach mdi ciia dng Claude va Cdng ty tai dudng Catinat s i 99 v i s i c h Thi-Tai Truang Minh Ky Phii b i n truyen diin ca (in l i n thir hai) 0$10 Ca tif dien ea 0$10 Tieu hpe 0$20 c i v i n chon hu'u 0$20" (Gia Binh Bao, se 25 nam 1886) CP the ndi, hinh thirc quang c i c bing "Ldi rap" mang tinh c h i t thpng tin, chua d i y du cac chu'C ning cua quang c i c nhu Ngon ngu' sir dung c h i n phuang, d i m chit khiu ngO' nhu: "Mua mau keo hit", "Bin budn, b i n le g i i nhit djnh", "Bin budn, b i n le g i i r i t khdng ngd", "Ai Chang mau d i n mua cOng thiet eung hoii" Tinh khau ngir cua quang e i o cd uu diem than thien, g i n gui, d i t i e ddng den tam ly tieu dung Phuang thirc quang e i o ehu yeu nhan manh d i n ten s i n pham, gia c i Mpt s i m i u c i u quang c i e nhu: "Mua keo hit ", "Don coi ", "Ai cung nen dpc " nhu nhu'ng Idi keu gpi de hiiu, d i nhd, nen cung r i t than thien v i cd d i u i n vdi ban dpc Tif nam 1920 d i n 1930, s i trang quang e i o d m i l t d b i o q u i c ngu' d i n duge t i n g len M6t v i i td b i e eo trang quang e i o chiim g i n 50% t i n g s i trang phat h i n h nhy Nong Co Min Bam (thing 11/1923), Bong Phap Thdi Bio (thing 11/1923), Trung Lap Bao (thing 1/1930) Quang eio tren b i o quie ngCr, ngoii p h i n trang cd djnh d i n h ehe nhung thugng hieu ky hgp d i n g quang eao d i i han vdi b i o , p h i n trang edn lai thupc v i quang eio ty Quang e i o t y thudng ding Ldi rao, C i o bach, Sich mdi xuit ban Nhirng t i c pham van hoc mdi thudng duge gidi thieu d phin trang quang eao ty Trong thdi gian niy, nginh in i n , x u i t b i n s i c h b i o tai S i i Gon duge nhin nhin l i mpt nhung hoat dpng kinh t i cua x i hpi Sich b i o eung l i mpt loai san p h i m , m u i n d i n vdi dpc gia sdm, m u i n duge tieu thu nhanh thi phai e i n d i n quang e i o Dieu n i y khic han vdi mudi t h i ky van hoc trung dai d nude ta N h i b i o Le Quang Van, mpt nhifng phu but eua td Luc Tinh Tan Van b i i x i luan "Ai b i o ngudi minh khong biit l i m quang eio??" s i 2782 nam 1927 tren bao n i y viit: " Con nhu v i ngygi minh, cho hay eich ehu'ng m i y nam trd lai d i y , nhyt la tu ngiy ed cupc d i e h i d i T i u , thj trudng m d rpng, thuang mai khoin truang, nhd s y hpe hpi v i t h i y b i i t duge rpng nen cung yeu c i u d i n viee lam quang c i e , vi van biit rang bude thuang trudng m i khong cay nhd d i n viec l i m quang c i e thi eung chang khic gi ngudi mac i p g i m di dem, kho trdng phit dat" Phan Idn nha van diing b i o TAP CHl KHOA H C C X A H I S 1 (255)2019 chi l i m phugng tien quang ba ehe t i c Mua nhiiu ed hue h i n g cao (xuit ban p h i m mdi cua minh 5.000 euin) Quang e i o t i c p h i m v i n hpe tren b i p thudng viit dudi hai eich chinh: quang c i o n g i n va quang c i e cd Idi binh Quang eao t i c p h i m ngin gpn, chii y i u eung c i p nhung thdng tin chinh nhu: ten t i c g i i , ten t i c p h i m , g i i b i n , ngi b i n v i thinh thoang cd v i i ddng gidi thieu v i t i c gia, t i e pham Chang han nhu: Quang cao ehe t i c p h i m Nu giao Td Hue Nhi (Cong Luan Bio, si 140 ngiy 11/6/1918): "Truyen Nu g i i o To Hue Nhi cua M Mpng Hue L i u , quyin thu nhit dang in tai n h i in Union Ke tif ngiy 15 Mars ed d i ban du tai c i e nha s i c h S i i Gon, Chg Ldn v i luc tinh, m i l euin 24 trang, gia b i n 0$10 Ay la b i n d i ngira can ranh mua vui, xin khin quan mien nghj Mpng Hue Lau" Quang c i o che t i e p h i m On nude np nha (Ndng Co Min Bam, s i 116 ngiy 1/7/1924): "Tieu thuyit ddi Truyen On nude na nha cua M Cac H i i De scan d i x u i t b i n roi, bia m i u g i i y ling, s y tich d Dai Nam sir ky rut Thiet la mpt quyen q u i c t i i u thuyit Hay mua dpc de cho rd c i i chi eua ong b i buii xua dpng l i dudng niol B i n Bio" v i quing c i e eo Idi binh, Idi gidi thieu s i c h thudng v i i t theo cam nhin v i t i c p h i m NhO'ng ddng cam nhan n i y chu y i u l i khen t i n g , ca nggi, n h i m kich thich dpc gia tim mua tic p h i m Mpt v i i t i c p h i m tieu bleu cho eich quang c i o cd Idi binh nhu: Tren Bong Phap Thdi Bio, s6 216 ngiy 17/11/1924: "Gidi thieu s i c h mdi B i n b i o ed t i i p duge bp tieu thuyit Hoang Nguyet Anh (2 quyen) thuit su tich mpt ngudi nu' quan tCr l i c6 Hoing Nguyet Anh t i m tinh r i t khic thudng, dang de l i m gugng cho ban m i phin T i c g i i l i Trugng Quang Tiin, eyu chii but An Hi Bao, vin khdng phai Ig lung ehi vdi Het quy dpc gia, nen bin b i o khong e i n phai nei nhiiu Idi Bon b i o chi khen dng ta c i i phong eanh thinh H i n g Kpng mpt cich r i t re ring, dau ngydi chya cd h i n hanh duge di d i n dd hay xem tieu thuyit (quyin nhit) eua ong cung hinh dung dupe mpi vide Trong quyen thir hai, dng c6 thuat mpt c i i i n mang rat bi mat v i dj ky, cd xem d i n r i i cOng cho rang ong kheo sap d i t Vay b i n b i p c6 may Idi c i m an dng va xin gidi thieu t i i u thuyit ong de ban d i n g bang biit M i l quyen trpn bd g i i 0$30 B i n Bio" Gdi b i n k h i p lijc chau v i S i i Gon, tai Tren Cong Luan B i o , s i 145 ngiy 22/7/1925: tiem Le Mai NGUYEN TH! T R U C BACH - Q U A N G BA TAC PHAM VAN HOC "Biin tinh chim n i i Bon b i o mdi t i i p hai quyen t i i u thuyit Biin tinh chim noi ciia ong T r i n Ngpc Minh, t y H i n g Phi, nguyen chii bOt B6ng Phap Thdi Bao mdi in vu'a r i i Ngydi xa hpi hidn ua dpc tieu thuyit tinh, song ngudi v i i t t i i u thuyit it de dat ngdi but nen thudng cd nhu'ng loi tieu thuyit la lai B i n Sien tinh chim noi tranh khdi c i i bai dd, vi s y tieh thiit can nhan tinh, m i each ciia t i e gia ta tinh cung l i cao thygng Dpc s u i t hai quyin mdi t h i y chd m i u nhiem v i c i c h hinh van ciia t i e gia Cung thdi mpt quyin tieu thuyet tinh, song dpc d i n g tieu thuyit tinh nhu v i y eung l i hu'u Ich S y tieh niy, xa hpi ed l i m thudng xay nhu vay, song quy nhyt l i g i i d i n g trdn tiit, ba tung ven giu i y l i md pham dao ddn b i coi A Dong ta In va b i n tai n h i in J Viet dudng d'ormay S i i Gon, trpn bp hai euin, moi e u i n 0$30 Cdng Luin" Ca hai c i c h quang cap t i c pham mdi eiia b i o chi q u i c ngu' deu nham muc dich giOp t i c pham nhanh chdng d i n vdi dpc gia Ben canh dd, thcng qua quang c i o t i c p h i m tieu thuyet cd Idi binh, ta n h i n t h i y b i o chi quie ngu b i t d i u ed y hudng phe binh v i n hoc Dudng nhu, vdi b i o chi q u i c ngii Nam Bd, k h i i niem d i u tien duge h i i u v i p h i binh t i c pham la ldi ea tung, khen tang Tren thye t i , khong It n h i v i n , nha b i o Nam Bp r i t "dj irng" vdi nhirng Idi binh p h i m eo y che bai N i m 1925, tren Ddng Phap Thdi Bao x u i t hipn nhu'ng b i i b i e viet theo l i i xa l u i n phe binh cua T r i n Huy Lieu, Nguyin Tir Thye B i o Lue Tinh Tan Van l i p tO'c phan irng l i i viit n i y b i n g loat b i i eua L i Hoing Muu, Nam Duang v i T r i n Quang Tjnh L i Hoing Muu b i i "Ngon hinh tuang p h i n cung Nguyen Tir Thde Bong Phap Thdi Bao" (Luc Tinh Tan Van, s i 2009 n g i y 24/4/1925) bpc Ip quan diem cua minh v i l i i v i i t p h i binh ciia Nguyen Tir Thuc ring: "Phe binh m i chi, thoi long tim v i t ma chi Nguyin Tif Thuc ring v i i t b i i t h i n i o cho ddc gia xem cho hiiu thi viit eung gpi l i t i i Phe binh lam gi Ring l i m cho trdn b i n phan cung gpi l i t i i Tpi v i i t thep phep hpe ciia t i i , Nguyin Tip Thde bat ehi vay" T r i n Quang Tjnh thi chp rang: "Nha phe binh c i n phai tim c i u v i n n i c che ehai chuit, diing trung nghTa, dung ly m i phe binh h i u sCra che ngydi ta " (Luc Tinh Tan Van, s i 2062 ngiy 27/6/1925) Tu' nhu'ng m i u tin quang c i e t i e p h i m van hoc, bao ehi q u i c ngu- d i phat triin, xay dyng trang muc "Binh pham sich mdi" Thing s i 635 Ddng Phip 10/1927, Thdi Bio chinh thu'c m i t dpc gia muc Binh p h i m s i c h mdi vdi Idi e i o bach: "Binh pham s i c h mdi B i n b i o djnh moi t u i n l i ngiy thir ba, t d phu tryang v i n chuang eua Bong Phap Thdi Bao lai md them muc Binh pham s i c h mdi Miic n i y cat d i binh p h i m v i gidi thieu c i c thif s i c h quie ngu' mdi x u i t ban, ma b i n TAP CHl KHOA HOC XA HOI s6 11 (255) 2019 b i o nghT rang cd quan he d i n van hpe nyde n h i Nyde n h i khcng s i c h thi nude phai nguy, s i c h m i khdng co ngudi binh p h i m , thi cd le cung hda vd vj Song ngit vi gpi l i binh p h i m , thi sap ehe khdi khen nhiiu che ning D i phai khen ehe, thi t i t ed le l i m phlin cho nhirng ban l i m v i n khdng hay suy nghT Sy khen che chinh d i n g l i b i n phan ngudi binh pham d i i vdi chu dpc gia, m i eung l i mpt c i i nghTa vu Idn lao eua b i n b i o d i i vdi c i e ban l i m v i n Vay xin c i c d i n g nhan hiiu cho ring: n i u nhu b i n s i c h ma b i n b i o dem v i o muc binh v i n p h i m d i u cho phai ehe mpt, hai phin thi chang qua thee y "hiin g i i trich bj" m i chinh l i c i t d i gidi thieu chc dpc gia, d i n g giiip chp ban l i m van Con chu dpc g i i lai phii hiiu ring: muc n i y chang phai l i muc rao hing, m i chinh l i muc giup cho ban dpc gia biit m i dpc, keo nhiiu l i m phai l i m d i thit l i v6 nghTa ly, m i ed le lai hgi d i n t i m ly xa hpi that nhiiu B i y nhieu Idi thinh that, xin n i y xet cho Con khong hiiu m i trach thi xin chju Chd phan s y chung toi thi v i n giu' d i n g le thing chang bao gid thay doi" 2.2 Q u i n g b i d y d i hinh thu'c dang tai truyen dai ky (feuilleton): k i t h a p thu hut ban doc mua b i o v i quang cao t i c pham m d i V i o thap nien 80 t h i ky XIX, b i o chi Dire v i Phip d i xuit hien hinh thyc feuilleton - t i c p h i m dang nhiiu ky Nam 1851, feuilleton x u i t hien l i n diu tien tren tap chi Presse (Bio Chi) cOa Phip N i m 1869, td Nha Nude Nhin Dan - eg quan ciia Bang Dan chu x i hpi Dye khdi d i n g t i e pham ciia Mic - Angghen Tuy nhien, mpt s i n h i vin Phip d i u t h i ky XIX, khpng xem truyen d i i dang b i o l i van hpe Hp chc ring nhu'ng t i e pham ding bao thudng v i i t cau tha, it trau chuit vin chugng, ehi chu y d i n c i t truyen ly ky, h i p d i n B i n g thdi, hp khpng thira nhan nhu'ng ngydi v i i t truyen ding b i p l i nha v i n , n h i b i p d Viet Nam d i u t h i ky XX, t i e phim van hpe d i n g d i i ky x u i t hien thudng xuyen tren b i p ehi q u i c ngu' Cae thi loai van hoc d i n g tai tren b i o gim: tuing, kjeh, doan thien tieu thuyit, tiiu thuyit (djch v i s i n g tic) Tuy nhien, tieu thuyet s i n g t i c duge b i o chi quan tam hgn ca Nong Co Min Dim l i td b i o q u i c ngir d i u tien dang tilu thuyit d i i ky Ngay tu' s i d i u tien phit hinh nam 1901, b i o d i n g t i e phim djch Tam quoc chi tuc dich ciia P Canavaggio Nhyng td b i o quoc ngu' ddi sau dd nhu Luc Tinh Tan Van, Cdng Luan Bao, Ddng Phip Thdi Bao, Phu Nir Tan Van deu dung hinh thuc feuilleton d i thu hut, giu' chin dpc gia N h i b i o T i Xuyen chuyen khao Nghe viet bao xuit ban tai S i i Gen v i o n i m 1968, ed eich nhin thye t i han d i i vdi nhung tic p h i m t i i u thuyit d i n g tai tren bio Ong cho rang tieu thuyit, truyen dii, truyen n g i n dang tren nhit b i o c i t d l NGUYEN TH! TROC BACH - Q U A N G BA TAC PHAM VAN HQC tri v i t i n g cudng s i dpc gia Bp "? Huyet le hoa l i mpt bp tiiu thuyit r i t t i l u thuyit Chau ve hiep ciia Phu ly ky va thu vj khdng lieu trudc duge Due la mpt minh chirng Day l i bp Mci Chang t i i u thuyit Huyet le hoa, truyen g i y khdng it song gid t i e g i i cd d l d i u hdi, n i u giai trung ling b i o S i i Gon n i m 1925 - 1926 diu Ban d i u , bd i y d i n g tren Trung thing bap Lip Bao, s i x u i t ban eua b i e t i n g l i n vun v u t It lau sau, Phu Due chuyin sang l i m ehu but t d Cdng Luan Bao, dng mang thee Chau ve hiep T h i l i , "Trung Lap Bao m i t g i n h i t dpc gia va Cdng Luan Bio lai t i n g s i x u i t ban len r i t nhiiu" Chinh vi t h i , "nhiiu b i e S i i Gdn khdng bd y i u t i t i l u thuyet d i t h i u dpc gia; hp t h i y ring eanh tranh v i phuang dien khae: tin tire hay nghj luin, chua chic d i ed k i t qua bing t i l u thuyit" ( T i Xuyen, 1968:110) Gdi thg cho b i n b i o T i n g ly, ngoii bao nhd v i i t eai d i u hdi d i n g khdi Idn vdi c i c b i i lai eao khic K l tir s i b i o thi b i n b i o b i t d i u d i n g v i o trugng thir nam" Nhin Chung, c i c h dang t i l t i c pham dai ky tren b i o chi quie ngu' d i t i e dpng manh me, tryc t i i p d i i vdi viee x u i t ban, tieu thu b i o v i quang b i t i e p h i m Thye te lue b i y gid, n h i van m u i n x u i t b i n t i c p h i m phai c6 kinh phi Han nya, viee phit hinh sach luon phai d i i dien vdi nhung v i n d l Nhung chu tea b i p Idn dp n i m b i t thi hiiu ham chupng t i l u thuyit cua ban dpc, nen ludn chpn chu biit la nha t i i u thuyit n i l danh duang thdi d i dam n h i n trang t i l u thuyit Nhu'ng vi ehu but kiem n h i t i i u thuyit thudng ed nhiem vu s i n g t i e cho trang tieu thuylt v i dpc duyet, chinh sCra t i c p h i m ciia nhung n h i van khic gdi d i n trudc dang b i o nhu t i i n hue hing cho nha b i n sich, thj trudng tieu thu Hoat dpng tuyin chpn dang t i l tieu thuyit ciia b i o chi q u i c ngu' mang lai hai hieu qua chinh: thu nhit, bae chi q u i e ngu g i n h v i e , chia se nhung kho khan vdi n h i v i n q u i trinh dua t i e pham den vdi ban dpc; thir hai, bap ehi ning dpng tao lugng dpc gia quan t i m d i n td bio Ben canh c i c h dung t i i u thuyet hay de thu hut dpc gia, b i o chi q u i c ngu edn p h i t dpng cupc d i vui cho ban dpc t i i u thuyet eiia b i o Trong so 677 n g i y 2/2/1928, Ddng Phip hdi, thi se duge thudng mpt Thdi Phuang c i c h tuyin ehpn va dang tai t i e p h i m t i l u thuyit d i i ky cua b i e chi that s y cd y nghTa Idn d i i vdi q u i trinh hinh thinh v i phit triin v i n xudi q u i c ngy d i u t h i ky XX KtJ LUAN Bao khdi d i n g t i i u thuyit Huyet le hoa ciia n h i v i n Nguyin T h i Phuang, S y ddi v i p h i t triin eua b i o chi d l kich thich doe gia theo ddi lien tuc q u i c ngO' Nam Bp c u i i t h i ky XIX d i u b i o to chu'C cupc thi giai d i p d i u hoi t h i ky XX cd y nghTa v i t i c dpng rat b i n g thong c i o nhu sau: Idn d i n c i c phuang dien x i hpi TAP CHl KHOA HOC XA HOI so 11 (255) 2019 chinh trj, kinh t i , van hda cua vung d i t n i y B i o chi quie ngu' v i heat dpng quang b i tren b i e chi d i g i p phin k i l n tao phuang thuc mdi v i gidi thieu san p h i m , kich thich tieu dung Nhirng hinh thirc quang b i t i c p h i m v i n hoc tren b i o chi khong chi mang lai hieu q u i v l kinh t i cho td b i o , m i eon cd y nghTa d i i vdi s y phit trlin van hpe, v i n hda dpc d Nam Bp Day l i mpt nhung phuang thu'c truyin thdng mdi - kit hgp giu'a truyin thdng, kinh t i v i vin hda xa hdi Sy k i t hgp giCra b i o chi v i van hpe da gdp p h i n mang lai nhO'ng g i i trj van hda x i hdi mdi Sy x u i t hien ciia quang c i o , quang b i t i e pham v i n hpe tren b i o chi quic ngu- dyge danh g i i l i tin hieu mdi van hda truyin thdng giai doan diu thi ky XX • CHU THICH '''Trong mpt so bai x3 luSn ciia Truo'ng Vinh Ky, Bang Thuc Lieng viet l i Phan An Bcio; cic c6ng trinh nghien ciru bSo chi cOa Huynh Van T6ng, Hong Chucng, D5 Quang Hung viel li Phan Yin Bio TAI LIEU TRiCH DAN Bing Giang 1992 Van hoc quoc ngir Nam Ky 1865 - *930 TPHCM: Nxb Tre Bing Giang 2001 Sii Con c6 su Nxb TPHCM: Nxb Van hpe Bill Dye Tjnh 1992 Nhirng buac dau ciia bio chi, tieu thuyet vi tha mdi (1865 1932) TPHCM: Nxb TPHCM Cdng Luin Bio So 140 ngiy 11/6/1918; so 145 ngiy 22/7/1925 D Quang Hung 2000 Lieh sir bio chi Viet Nam 1865 -1945 Ha Ndi: Nxb Dgi hpe Quoc gia H i Npi Bong Phip Thdi Bio So 216 ngiy 17/11/1924; so 635 ngiy 14/10/1927; s6 677 ngiy 2/2/1928 G/a Binh Bao, ngiy 15/4 1865 Hoii Anh, Thinh Nguyen, H i ST Hiep 1988 Van hoc Nam Bp tir dau din giua the kf XX (1900-1954) TPHCIVI: Nxb TPHCM Hong Chuong 1987 Tim hiiu, lieh sir bio chi Viit Nam H i NOi: Nxb Giio khoa Mic-Lenin 10 Huynh Vin Tong v i nhieu ngudi 1973 Lieh sir bio chi Vi$t Nam tir khdi thuy din nim 1930 Sii Gon: Tri Dang xuit bin M.Luc Tinh Tan Van 36 2009 ngiy 24/4/1925; so 2062 27/6/1925; s6 2782 ngiy 2/12/1927 12 Nam Nir Gidi Chung Tinh hinh bio gidi d xir ta ngiy So 14 ngiy 10/9/1930 13 Wong C6 Min Bam 86 116 ngiy 1/7/1924 14 Phan Yin Bio, thing 12 nam 1868 15 T i Xuyen 1968 Nghe vi4t bao Si\ Gon; Khai Tri xuat ban 16 Thiiu San 1933 Phe binh vi cao luin H i Noi: Nam Ky xuat bin  ... u i t ban d Nam Bp trudc the ky XX Cuoi the ky XIX, b i o chi Nam Bp chju anh hudng true tiep eua Luat t y TAP CHl KHOA HQC XA HQl so 11 (255)2019 b i o ehi, cd hieu lye tai Viet Nam tir 22/9/1881... sir b i o ehi cua Viet Nam nci chung Nam Bp ndi rieng Giai dpan nu-a c u i i t h i ky XIX, ben eanh nhirng t d b i e Phip ngl>, H i n ngu v i spng ngt^ Phip - Viet thi tai Nam Bp ehi cd ba t d... Cdng g i i o nhu Nam Ky Bia Ph$n ; NGUYEN TH! T R U C BACH - Q U A N G BA TAC PHAM VAN HOC loai thii' ba l i b i o Annam nhu Buoc Nha Nam, Phu Nir Tan Van, Indochinoise, L'Annam Logi thu ba