Index Gryllotalpidae 3:728–729 Mogoplistidae 3:730 Myrmecophilidae 3:730 Hagloidea 3:727–728, 3:728F major divisions and characteristics 4:308–312, 4:309T number of species 4:392T paleontology 3:725 phylogeny and taxonomy 3:725 Pneumoroidea 3:733, 3:733F Pyrgomorphoidea (gaudy grasshoppers) 3:735, 3:735F reproduction and growth 3:724 Rhaphidophoroidea 3:732 Schizodactyloidea 3:730, 3:730F sound production 3:723–724 Stenopelmatoidea Anostostomatidae (wetas) 3:731, 3:731F characteristics 3:730–731 Cooloolidae (Cooloola Monsters) 3:731 Gryllacrididae (raspy crickets and leafrolling crickets) 3:732 Stenopelmatidae (Jerusalem Crickets) 3:731–732 Tanaoceroidea 3:733–734 Tetrigoidea (pygmy grasshoppers and grouse locusts) 3:736, 3:736F Tettigonioidea (katydids) characteristics 3:722–723, 3:725–726, 3:725F food and feeding habits 3:724–725 paleontology 3:725 phylogeny and taxonomy 3:725 reproduction and growth 3:724 sound production 3:723–724 Tettigoniidae Acridoxeninae 3:727 Bradyporinae 3:726 characteristics 3:726 Conocephalinae 3:727 Ephippigerinae 3:727 Phaneropterinae 3:726–727 Phasmodinae 3:727 Pseudophyllinae 3:727 Tettigoniinae 3:727 Zaprochilinae 3:727 Tridactyloidea (false mole crickets and sandgropers) 3:736, 3:736F Trigonopterygoidea (leaf grasshoppers and wingless desert grasshoppers) 3:735–736 Orussidae 4:177–178, 5:674 Orycteropus afer 4:695 Orycteropus cafer 1:608 Oryctes boas 5:603–604 Oryctolagus cuniculus adaptation rates 2:140 biotic relationships 1:710 diversity loss 1:621, 3:193 endangered species 3:211 grasslands and savannas 6:333 Holocene postglacial spread 2:551–552T introduced species 1:77, 4:361, 7:262–263 oryx 2:472–474, 4:696, 5:235, 5:472 Oryx dammah 1:53 Oryx gazella 1:53, 1:487–488, 5:235 Oryx leucoryx 2:243–244, 3:196, 5:472 Oryzaephilus surinamensis 6:670 Oryza glaberrima 1:88, 2:663 Oryza longistaminata 1:53–54, 7:153–154, 7:387 Oryza rufipugon 2:636F Oryza sativa 1:88, 2:636F, 2:663, 3:128 Oryzias latipes 6:356 Oryzomys longicaudatus 2:587F Oryzomys palustris 1:365–368 Osborn, Fairfield 2:285, 3:99 Osbornia 5:11T Osedax frankpressi 5:121, 5:121F Osmeriformes 3:464–465, 6:522–523 Osmia lignaria 1:420F Osmoderma eremita 3:225 osprey 6:479–480 ospreys 3:406, 7:390 ostariophysans 3:463–464 Osteichthyes characteristics 6:522–523, 7:338 classifications 3:460–461, 6:522–523 fossil record 3:681F, 3:685F osteoglossimorphs 3:463, 3:463F Osteolaemus tetraspis 6:401 Ostertagia ostertagi 5:672 Ostracoda/ostracods classifications and sampling methods 4:381T extinction vulnerability 2:416–417T fossil record 3:681F, 3:685F lake and pond ecosystems 4:371–373, 4:374F marine environments 4:382F Near East ecosystems 5:460T number of species 2:401T, 3:182T, 4:371T, 4:384T plankton fraction 6:25 ostrich deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) evolution 2:56F desert ecosystems 2:472F flight constraints 1:606 hemoglobin evolution 2:55F, 2:55T, 2:56 introduced species 1:624 Near East ecosystems 5:472 risk status classification 1:644F size 1:601 Ostrya virginiana 2:26 Otago skink 4:194T otariids 5:67 Otitidae 3:489–491T Otocephala 3:463–464 Otocyon megaloitis 4:693 Otodistomum veliporum 7:450–451F Otostigmus scabricauda 5:425 Otostigmus tibialis 5:425 otters adipose tissue 7:33–35 Census of Marine Life project 2:12F convergent evolution 4:701T Great American Biotic Interchange (GABI) 2:584F introduced species 4:357 mangrove ecosystems 5:14 number of species 4:690T 761 river ecosystems 6:479–480 species diversity 1:685, 4:690T, 4:693 Otus scops 5:474 ‘O’u 1:29F Ouachita River 7:152–153, 7:153 Oulema melanopus 2:551–552T Ourisia breviflora 4:106–107 Our Plundered Planet (Osborn) 2:285 outbreeding see inbreeding Outer Indus Delta 1:276T overfishing classifications 3:445 coral reef ecosystems 2:341, 5:61 ecological footprint analysis (EFA) 2:708 human impact 4:156 marine ecosystems 3:410, 5:54 ocean fishing 3:445–446 prevalence 3:443–444 salmon 6:527–528 vulnerability assessments 3:446 overgrazing 1:489, 2:378–379, 3:311F, 4:560F overgrowth 4:359–360 overhunting 1:405 Ovibos 4:724–725T Ovibos moschatus 4:729–730, 6:331, 6:571–573 Ovis 4:724–725T Ovis ammon cyclocero 6:334 Ovis ammon polii 3:192 Ovis aries 2:476T, 3:127T Ovis canadensis 3:197, 5:313, 6:334 Ovis canadensis nelsoni 3:193 Ovis orientalis 2:476T ovule conservation programs 4:319–320, 4:321T Oweniidae 7:417F Owen, Richard 2:422, 5:405 owl limpets 6:232 owls boreal forests 1:631–632 food webs 7:266F, 7:267T introduced species 1:79 logging industry–owl population controversy 3:314–315, 3:315F Near East ecosystems 5:474 oxadiazole 4:90T Oxalidaceae 5:621–625, 5:623F Oxalis 5:217, 5:219 Oxalis compacta 4:106 Oxalis erythrorhiza 4:105–106 Oxalis loricata 4:106–107 Oxalis tuberosa 2:663–664 oxaloacetate (OAA) 2:363–364, 2:363F oxathiins 5:695 oxbow 7:369T oxen 4:724–725T oxidation-reduction (redox) reactions 1:555–556, 1:556T Oxisols 4:228, 6:123T oxlip 4:574F oxpecker birds 5:227 Oxus cobra 7:229T Oxychloăe 4:101 Oxycoccus 1:277278 oxyfluorofen 5:696