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696 Index Heterandria (continued) endemic analysis 7:349–351, 7:350F geographical distribution 7:348F Heterangium 5:618F Heteraxinoides 7:448–449F Heterelmis comalensis 7:58 Heterobathmiina 5:385, 5:386F, 5:387–388T Heterobathmioidea 5:386F, 5:387–388T Heterocapsa 6:294–295 Heterocapsa circularisquama 1:477T, 1:481–482, 5:138 Heterocephalus glaber 3:188 heterocyclic nitrogens 5:696 Heterohyrax brucei 1:50, 4:695 Heterokontophyta 1:475, 1:476F, 6:10T, 6:25 Heteromita 6:294 heteromitids 6:294 Heteromyias albispecularis 2:75F Heteromyidae 6:309T Heteronetta atricapilla 5:502 Heteroneura 5:386, 5:386F, 5:387–388T Heteropogon 1:69–70 Heteropsis 3:522T Heteroptera characteristics coloration and ornamentation 7:291 feeding behaviors 7:288 habitat 7:288 host specificity 7:290 mimicry 7:291 morphology 7:288–292 parasitization 7:292 physical characteristics 7:288 predatory behaviors 7:289 reproduction and growth 7:289–290 scent glands 7:288 economic importance 7:292–293 freshwater ecosystems 4:374 infraorders Aradomorpha 7:294 characteristics 7:293–294 Cimicomorpha 7:293 Gerromorpha 7:293 Leptopodomorpha 7:293 Nepomorpha 7:293 Pentatomomorpha 7:294 number of species 4:371T, 4:392T, 7:287 research summary 7:294–295 terminology 7:287–288 Heterorhabditis 7:430–431 Heterorhabditis bacteriophora 5:673 Heteroscorpionidae 1:209 Heterosigma 1:475 Heterosigma akashiwo 1:477, 1:477T, 1:480, 5:137–138 heterosis 1:639 Heterotermes 4:409T Heterotheca latifolia 6:96–97 heterotrophic flagellates 6:293–295, 6:294F heterotrophs marine ecosystems 5:48F temperature tolerance ranges 4:113–115 trophic interactions 3:6–7 trophic pyramid 4:670–671 Heterozostera 6:542T Heterozostera tasmanica 6:541T Hevea brasiliensis 1:163, 5:605, 6:320 Hevea spruceana 1:163 hexacorals 2:335 Hexactinellida 3:685F Hexamita 6:293, 6:294F Hexapoda characteristics 1:203 phylogenetic relationships 1:203F Hexathelidae 1:206 hexazinon 5:696 hexoses 6:113T hibernation 7:36–37 Hibiscadelphus spp 3:205, 6:81 Hibiscadelphus woodii 6:81 hickory 7:118 Hicksian demand function 7:321–322 Hieracium 6:125 Hieracium lepidulum 4:349 Hieracium pilosella 4:348–349, 4:349F Hieracium praealtum 4:349 Hieraeetus fasciatus 5:474 high-elevation ecosystems Andes 4:96–110 background information 4:96 geographic distribution 4:96–97, 4:97F habitat characteristics 4:96–97 number of species 4:102T pa´ramo ecosystem characteristics 4:101–103, 7:275–276 geographic distribution 4:96–97, 4:97F northern Andean alpine cushion formations 4:103 northern Andean dwarf Polylepis forest 4:103 number of species 4:102T physical characteristics and patterns 4:97–98 plant diversity 4:98–99, 4:99T representative species 4:102F subpa´ramo zone 4:102–103 superpa´ramo zone 4:103 true pa´ramo zone 4:103 physical characteristics and patterns 4:97–98 plant diversity endemism 4:99–100, 4:99T origins and diversification 4:100–101 species richness 4:98–99 puna central Andean dwarf Polylepis forest 4:105 cushion bogs 4:105 desert puna 4:104–105 dry puna 4:104 geographic distribution 4:96–97, 4:97F humid puna 4:104 number of species 4:102T physical characteristics and patterns 4:97–98, 4:103–104 plant diversity 4:98–99 representative species 4:104F salar vegetation 4:105 research summary 4:107 southern Andean steppes altitudinal zonation 4:106–107, 4:106F bogs and seeps 4:107 cushion plants 4:106–107, 4:106F geographic distribution 4:96–97, 4:97F latitudinal gradients 4:106–107 number of species 4:102T physical characteristics and patterns 4:97–98, 4:105–107 plant diversity 4:98–99 representative species 4:105F Central America 2:30 characteristics 7:275 humid forests 7:275 pa´ramo ecosystem characteristics 4:101–103, 7:275–276 geographic distribution 4:96–97, 4:97F physical characteristics and patterns 4:97–98 plant diversity 4:98–99, 4:99T perhumid forests 7:275 subhumid forests 7:275 Higher Hamamelididae 5:621–625 high-input high-diversity (HIHD) bioenergy cropping systems 1:543–547, 1:544F, 1:545F, 1:548F high-input low-diversity (HILD) bioenergy cropping systems 1:543–547, 1:544F, 1:545F, 1:548F highland gray slender loris 6:256–258T highland purple-faced langur 6:256–258T highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) 1:594 highly replicated laboratory experiments 4:587, 4:587F high-pressure liquid chromatography 5:708 high-temperature ecosystems 4:111–120 biodiversity 4:118–119 characteristics and definitions 4:111–112 extreme environments 4:111 geothermally heated systems 4:112–113 research summary 4:119–120 temperature tolerance ranges 4:113–115 thermophilic evolution 4:115–118 high-throughput sequencing 6:350–351 hiking conservation support 7:251–252 habitat degradation 4:566–567 per capita contributions 7:254F popularity 7:246–247, 7:246F, 7:251 Hill numbers 5:203, 5:204F Hill–Robertson interference 6:196–197 hill-zone Toque macaque 6:256–258T Himalayan highlands 1:262–263T Himalayan tahr 2:551–552T Himalayas nitrogen deposition 5:526T plant diversity 6:82T Himatione sanguinea 1:29F Hinduism biodiversity conservation 6:564 environmental influences 6:383–384 Hindu declaration on nature 3:273, 6:383
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