Collins Cobuild = Các Mẫu Động Từ Tiếng Anh

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COLLINS

COBUILD

VERBS

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COLLINS COBUILD

VERBS:

PATTERNS & PRACTICE

CAC MAU DONG TU

TIENG ANH

Dich ux chic gid

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Contents yvPwno „ 10 +1 12 13 14 +5 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 Introduction Glossary of grammatical terms Verbs Verbs Verbs Verbs Verbs Verbs Verbs Verbs Verbs Verbs Verbs Verbs Verbs Verbs Verbs Verbs Verbs Verbs Verbs Verbs Verbs Verbs Verbs Verbs Verbs Verbs

used on their own

used with a noun group: 1

used with a foun group: 2 used with a noun group: 3

used with a noun group: 4

used with or without a noun group

used with a reflexive pronoun

used with two noun groups: 1 _used with two noun groups: 2

used with an adjective group: 1

used with an '-ing' clause: 1 used with an ‘-ing' clause: 2

used with a to-infinitive: 1

used with a to-infinitive: 2

used with an '-ing' clause or a to-infinitive

used with an '-ing’ clause: 3

used with a to-infinitive: 3 used with a to-infinitive: 4 used with a bare infinitive used with an -ed clause used with a that-clause: 1

used with a that-clause: 2

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27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 4A, 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56

Verbs used with a wh-clause: 1

Verbs used with a wh-clause: 2

Verbs used with a quote: 1 Verbs used with a quote: 2

Verbs used with a quote: 3

Verbs used with prepositions and adverbs: 1 Verbs used with prepositions and adverbs: 2 Verbs used with prepositions and adverbs: 3 Verbs used with prepositions and adverbs: 4 Verbs used with way

Verbs used with about: 1

Verbs used with about: 2 Verbs used with against: 1 Verbs used with against: 2

Verbs used with as: ] Verbs used with as: 2 Verbs used with as: 3° Verbs used with at: 1 Verbs used with at: 2

Verbs used with between or among Verbs used with by: 1

Verbs used with by: 2 Verbs used with for: 1 Verbs used with for: 2

Verbs used with for: 3 Verbs used with for: 4

Verbs used with from: 1 Verbs used with from: 2

Verbs used with from: 3

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57 58 59 60 61 62 63 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 85 86

Verbs used with in: 1 229

Verbs used with in: 2 232 Verbs used with in: 3 236 Verbs used with in: 4 239

Verbs used with into: 1 243

Verbs used with like, as if, or as though 254

Verbs used with of: 1 258

Verbs used with of: 2 262

Verbs used with on: 1 266

Verbs used with out of: 1 284 Verbs used with out of: 2 287

Verbs used with over 291

Verbs used with through 295

Verbs used with to: 1 299

Verbs used with to: 2 302

Verbs used with to: 3 306 Verbs used with to: 4 310 Verbs used with to: 5 314 Verbs used with to: 6 318

Verbs used with towards 322

Verbs used with with: 1 326

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87 Reciprocal verbs: 1 88, Reciprocal verbs: 2 89 Reciprocal verbs: 3 90 Ergative verbs: 1 91 Ergative verbs: 2 92 Ergative verbs: 3 93 Ergative verbs: 4

94, Verbs used with introductory it: 95 Verbs used with introductory it: 96 Verbs used with introductory it: 97 Verbs used with introductory it: 98 Verbs used with introductory it: 99 Verbs used with general it

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introduction

Verb patterns

This book presents the major patterns of English verbs, and relates these patterns to meaning

A verb pattern is, in most cases, a verb and the words that come after it These

words might be a noun group, an adjective group, a prepositional phrase, an

adverb group, or a clause In some cases, the Subject is restricted - for example it

is always id, or always plural - and so can be considered part of the verb pattern

We have devised a simple way of referring to patterns whereby the elements in

each pattern are set out in the order in which they occur For example: Vn means ‘verb followed by a noun group’

Vnthat means 'verb followed by a noun group and a that-clause’ V forn means ‘verb followed by for and a noun group’

V n for n means ‘verb followed by a noun group, forand another noun group’ A list of the elements and their abbreviations is given at the end of this

Introduction

A pattern of a verb includes only those words that are significant for that

particular verb, not those that are just part of general clause structure For

example, most verbs in English can be followed by adverb groups or prepositional phrases indicating manner, time, or place When information about manner, time, or place is not essential, the adverb group or prepositional phrase is not considered to be part of the pattern

The Units

In this book, we present information ‘on each verb pattern both, and practice

material Sometimes a pattern is described in two or three successive Units

Sometimes a Unit deals with two or three major patterns, in which case each

section is numbered, Patterns

Each Unit begins with a simple description of each pattern For each major pattern, there is a table with a shaded area showing the pattern and simplified

examples of verbs used with this pattern There is also a table illustrating the

passive pattern, if it occurs frequently

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Meaning groups

The verbs with a particular pattern have been divided into groups according to their basic meaning For example, in the Unit on V n into -ing (Unit 62), there is a group of verbs which ‘indicate that someone makes someone do something by using force or pressure This group includes the verbs force, frighten, nag, pressure, push, scare, and terrify This division into meaning groups means that this book can be used as a grammatically-based thesaurus

Examples

Each meaning group has examples to show the verbs being used with the pattern in question These examples are actual examples of current English, taken from the Bank of English The verb pattern is highlighted in bold, and the verb group itself is underlined

This example illustrates the pattern V adj with the verb feel

I was feeling a bit lonely

Note that the verb group includes any auxiliaries (forms of be, do, and have), modals (for example may or will), and phrasal modals (for example used to or have to)

The negative word not, or its contracted form n't, is also included in the verb

group:

Chandler did not notice him enter

A group of examples may contain active and passive examples, and examples of

phrasal verbs The passive examples are labelled

Lists

The lists contain the verbs which most frequently or typically have the pattern in question, Phrasal verbs are included, as well as ordinary verbs

If a verb is usually or always used with a Negative such as not or a modal such as

can or would, that word is given in brackets before the verb Verbs preceded by

can in the lists can also be preceded by could

If a verb is always Passive when used with the pattern, its passive form (for example be seen) is given in the list Ifa verb is usually used in continuous tenses,

that form (for example be dying) is given

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Phrasal verbs

Where necessary, we give brief information on the position of the different parts of phrasal verbs in a pattern We refer to the adverb or preposition in a phrasal verb as the particle Where we say that the particle comes either after the noun group or after the verb, it should be noted that it does not come after the noun group if that noun group is a personal pronoun For example, you should say

They pulled it down, not They pulled down it If we give no special information on

phrasal verbs, the particle always comes immediately after the verb

Different forms of the pattern

One of the difficulties in recognising patterns comes about because patterns can take different forms, for example in questions or in relative clauses, At the end of

the information on a pattern, we give some of the different forms a pattern can take

For example, the verbs do, buy, make, train and choose are used with the pattern V n for n (see Units 51 and 52), as in these made-up examples:

(a) I can do something for you

(b) I will buy something for my mother

(c) Her mother had made a dress for her

(d) We've been trained for this job (passive)

(e) I chose Roger, Lawrence and John for the interviews

But the order of elements in this pattern may be different In a question or clause

beginning with what, the what replaces the first noun group and comes at the beginning of the clause:

(a) What can I do for you?

(b) I was trying to work out what to buy for my mother

Ifthe verb comes ina relative clause, the relative pronoun may replace one of the noun groups and come at the beginning of the clause:

(c) She was wearing a dress that her mother had made for her

(d) This is a real opportunity to go and do the job that we’ve been trained for

The relative pronoun can be omitted: She was wearing a dress her mother had

made for her

If the first noun group is very long, it may be moved to the end of the clause:

(e) I chose for these interviews Roger de Grey, Lawrence Gowing, and John Piper

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Productive uses

Ifa pattern is particularly productive - that is, many verbs with a particular basic meaning can be used with the pattern - we mention it in a special note

Practice

The patterns are followed by practice material relating to the patterns This material is based on real examples taken from the Bank of English Where necessary, the first question has been done for you to provide a model In the

SelfStudy edition, an Answer Key is given at the back of the book

There are many different types of exercise in this book, so you should read the instructions carefully Here are some comments on the most common types of

exercise

‘Find the pattern’ exercises

In these exercises, you are asked to put a dotted line under the verb used with the pattern being practised, and then to underline the other parts of the pattern For instance, in Unit 42 you will see this example:

Top executives around the country have rated Atlanta as the nation's best

city for business

and you are asked to pick out the pattern V n as n The verb with this pattern is rate, and the parts of the pattern are:

V_ have rated

nm Atlanta as as

n_ the nation's best city for business

Using underlining to show the pattern, the example looks like this:

Top executives around the country have rated Atlanta as the nation's best city for business

Often, the example shows a different form of the pattern, and this is more difficult to identify (see 'Different forms of the pattern' above) In the following

example, the verb which occurs in the pattern V n as n is address, but it is in a

relative clause

When he reached the back porch, he met an officer whom he addressed

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The parts of the pattern, are:

V_ addressed

n whom

as as

n captain

Using underlining to show the pattern, the example Idoks like this:

When he reached the back porch, he met an officer, whom he addressed

as captain

Where we ask you to put a dotted line under the verb used with a pattern, we

mean you to mark the whole verb group, including any auxiliaries or modals,

‘Filling in gaps’ exercises

Some of the exercises in this book ask you to fill in the gap in each of a number of sentences by choosing the correct word from a list These exercises both practise the pattern and develop your knowledge of what words go together Usually, some of the questions in these exercises are easier than others, so do the ones that you know first, then fill in the others Unless you are told otherwise, each of the words in the list will be used in only one example If you are filling in a verb, you should use an appropriate tense or form of the verb

‘Rewriting’ exercises

In these exercises you are asked to rewrite an example so that it uses a given verb and the pattern you are practising The examples also help you to understand what the

verb and its pattern mean For example, in Unit 47, you will see this example:

He took hold of my hair and pushed me roughly up the trailer steps

You are asked to rewrite this sentence using the verb grab in the pattern V n by n

So instead of took hold of my hair you write grabbed me by the hair The complete

answer is:

He grabbed me by the hair and pushed me roughly up the trailer steps 'Matching sentences’ exercises -

In the 'matching sentences' exercises you don't have to write anything You

simply draw a line to match the first part of the sentence with the second part As

with the ‘filling in gaps' exercises, you are developing your knowledge of which verbs and nouns go together Do the easy ones first, then puzzle out the others Extra Practice

On pages 393-397 there is some extra practice material, in which each exercise tests your knowledge of more than one pattern

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NHA XUAT BAN THANH PHO HO CHI MINH

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